ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES (BEL311)

Title : Draft Malaria Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment

Prepared by

: i) Muhamad Syafiee Bin Anis ii) Muhammad Ikmal Bin Rozzaman

2012487902 2012210756

Prepared for Date Submission

: Sir Udaya Bhanu : 28 July 2013

Malaria Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment.

Malaria is a blood disease caused by an endo-parasite that is transmitted from human-tohuman by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease. If malaria is diagnosed and treated early, the duration of the infection can be considerably shortened, which in turn reduces the risk of complications and death. The word malaria comes from 18th century Italian mala meaning bad and aria meaning air and Sir Ronald Ross KCB FRS was a British doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria.(Ddroar, 2011) This report will focus on symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention of this disease. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite which is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito by biting an infected person or animal. The vast majority of deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium oval, and Plasmodium malaria cause a generally milder form of malaria that is rarely fatal. If not promptly treated, may cause kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death. [Kyu-Young, 2007]The way virus from Plasmodium can make human which is the parasite then goes through various changes that enable it to infect the next creature the mosquito bites. Then, parasitic Plasmodium invaders swarm the bloodstream, set up a base camp in the liver, and commandeer healthy red blood cells. The main way is these parasites "enter the body from the saliva of a mosquito" and send plague upon their victim. [American Institute of Physics, 2009] Malaria has been with us long enough to have changed our genes. In Africa, people with a sickle cell gene are more likely to survive and have children. The symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, muscle aches and headache. Cycles of chills, fever and sweating that recur every 1,2,3 day are typical. A person dies from malaria when the parasite destroys the red blood cells by clogging capillaries that carry blood cells to the brain (cerebral malaria) or other vital organs. [ http://www.slate.com/id/2164896/] The examples of these medications include chloroquine, mefloquine, and quinine. These medicines work by killing the parasite that causes the disease. Although it can be a fatal disease, illness and death from malaria are largely preventable. In fact, for patients diagnosed early, a

cure is possible because one of several medicines that kill the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) can be prescribed. (Aradhana, 2010) How to treat a patient with malaria depends on the type (species) of the infecting parasite, the area where the infection was acquired and its drug-resistance status, the clinical status of the patient, any accompanying illness or condition, Pregnancy, Drug allergies, or other medications taken by the patient. (Malaria Treatment , 2008) It is important to apply other methods of prevention with prophylactic medication. Wear clothing with long sleeves and cover your ankles especially at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active. Use long-lasting insecticide sprays inside homes and buildings. Use long-lasting insecticide sprays inside homes and buildings. Place wire or gauze screens on all doors and windows. Keep a fan on in the room during the night the current seems to put off the mosquitoes. Apply mosquito repellents directly to the skin. Use mosquito netting over the beds these can be soaked in certain types of insecticide. Try and spend evenings indoors rather than outdoors, as you are much less likely to get bitten by mosquitoes. (Health24, 2012) In conclusion, there is much to be done in the research of malaria and its treatment. The global picture of malaria is widespread, yet most endemic areas are poor communities. Education on the prevention of malaria is greatly needed. Advanced practice nurses can play a vital role in the eradication of this disease as they prepare themselves and others who travel to endemic malaria areas, as they treat people who live in endemic areas, and as they help shape international health policy that recognizes the global importance of this disease.

References
Ronald Ross,Retrieved July 24, 2013 , from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Ross

What is malaria?, NETwork Against Malaria, Retrieved July 24, 2013 , from http://networkagainstmalaria.blogspot.com/2008/01/what-is-malaria-malaria-is-disease-of.html

MALARIA WATCH,WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MALARIA, (2010,MARCH 17) Retrieved July 24, 2013 ,from http://www.malariawatch.blogspot.com/

Pirate parasites, American Institute of Physics. "Measuring and Modeling Blood Flow in Malaria." ScienceDaily 22 November 2009. 27 November 2009 .Retrieved July 24, 2013 ,from http://infectiousbitemalaria.blogspot.com/2009/11/pirate-parasites.html

Malaria Cure,(Written by/reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD)(Last updated/reviewed: April 02, 2009) Retrieved July 24, 2013 ,from http://malaria.emedtv.com/malaria/malaria-cure.html

Malaria Treatment,FEBRUARY 16, 2011 BY MALARIA.COM Retrieved July 24, 2013 ,from http://www.malaria.com/overview/malaria-treatment-methods

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