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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Minimum Skills

Operate Communications Systems and Equipment

Learning and Assessment Strategy

Version 1.0 - 26 April, 2006


First published May 1998 in Australia by: CFA Operations, CFA Headquarters, 8 Lakeside Drive, Burwood East, Victoria 3151. CFA 2005 Other than that permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the Country Fire Authority Victoria. Enquiries should be addressed to the publisher.

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Table of Contents
Learning Materials Control Sheet ......................................................................................3 Record of Versions ............................................................................................................3 Contact for Enquiries and Proposed Changes ..................................................................3 PUAOPE002A Operate communications systems and equipment ...................................4 Competency Map: PUAOPE002A Operate communications systems and equipment ..6

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Learning Materials Control Sheet


Record of Versions
No 1.0 Date 26/04/2006 Nature of Amendment Initial draft learning and assesment strategy

Contact for Enquiries and Proposed Changes


If you have any questions regarding this learning document please contact the responsible area identified below:

Name Designation

Tony Duckmanton Manager Learning and Development CFA Headquarters, 8 Lakeside Drive, Burwood East, Victoria 3151

Phone Fax Email

(03) 9262 8310 (03) 9262 8576 t.duckmanton@cfa.vic.gov.au

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

PUAOPE002A Operate communications systems and equipment


This unit covers the competency to transmit and receive communications in routine and operational situations using the organisations communication systems and equipment. Element 1. Use communication systems and equipment Performance Criteria 1. Equipment is used and operated safely to support communications consistent with organisations policies and procedures 2. Communication equipment and techniques are selected to best meet the task, context and needs of the situation 3. The communication system is correctly utilised to facilitate transmission and reception 4. Communication systems are operationally maintained according to organisations policies and procedures 2. Transmit and receive communications 1. Information is transmitted concisely and clearly to facilitate accurate reception of the message in accordance with organisations policy and procedures 2. Contact is acknowledged, communication is confirmed and action initiated 3. Communication faults and deficiencies are reported according to organisations policy and procedures 4. Alternative communication strategies are employed according to organisational procedures to address identified faults and deficiencies in communication 5. Communication is processed and recorded in accordance with organisations policies and procedures 3. Maintain communications equipment 1. Fault finding techniques are applied and basic maintenance conducted according to organisational policies and procedures 2. Faulty equipment is identified and noted for repair RANGE STATEMENT Communication equipment personal computers and modems radio facsimiles may include signalling devices mobile landline and satellite telephones pagers Communication systems organisations networks, communication protocols, verbal communication procedures, geographical
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Learning and Assessment Strategy

may include information systems, relevant legislation, such as Telecommunications Act Verbal communication pro-words phonetic alphabet call signs coded procedures may include messages, use of abbreviations emergency procedures Voice procedures may Rhythm, speed, volume, pitch, sentences, correcting include mistakes, repetitions. EVIDENCE GUIDE Critical aspects of evidence It is essential for this unit that competency be demonstrated in accurately transmitting and receiving communications using the organisations communication system and equipment Interdependent Pre-requisite units: Nil assessment of units Co-requisite units: Nil

Underpinning knowledge organisational policy and procedures relevant to the operation of communication equipment range of communication equipment available to the organisation the organisations communication system. Underpinning skills clean and service communication equipment according to organisational procedures report communication faults and deficiencies according to organisational procedures use verbal communication procedures consistent with the organisations communication system utilise the organisations communication processes and systems Resource implications access to relevant communication equipment Consistency in evidence should be gathered over a period of time in a performance range of actual or simulated workplace environments Context of assessment observation of the use of a range of communication equipment under non-operational and operational conditions or in a simulated environment

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Competency Map: PUAOPE002A Operate communications systems and equipment


Elements of competency unit addressed in this training program
1 Use communications systems and equipment 2 Transmit and receive communications 3 Maintain communications equipment CFA required Underpinning Knowledge Skills Assessment

Remarks

Sessions Radio communication principles Radio and communication systems

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9
Radio types and operating modes covered are to be determined by local brigade needs.

Communications equipment Verbal communications Radio operational procedures Dealing with difficulties

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 1 Learning Strategy Program Introduction Help learners to feel comfortable about attending this Program Welcome participants Introduce yourself; name, background, qualifications to deliver this training program. Conduct site induction and participant registration. Ice-breaker activity (If required) Inform learners of Programs aim and objectives: Show OHT1 - Program aim/objectives . Explain the outcomes that will need to be achieved. Be able to: Inform learners of Programs timetable: Understand how radio communication network used by emergency services operate. Operate and maintain radio communications equipment in accordance with SOPs. Use CFAs standard radio procedures to communicate information during an incident. Take appropriate action if communications are lost. OHT 1 Operate communication systems and equipment

Aids

Time
15 mins

Show OHT 2 Program Outline. Discuss the program outline (Sessions and timings) and explain how the program will be conducted. OHT 2

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 2 Learning Strategy Session 1: Radio Communication Principles Time: 30 mins Aids Introduce Session: Session 1 - Radio communication principles Show OHT 3 Session introduction This session introduces participants to the major components of a two radio and explains the basic functions performed by each component. It covers the principles of radio communication including concepts such as frequency bands, characteristics of radio waves and concludes by looking at factors that can adversely effect radio signal transmission and reception. Show OHT 4 Session Aims/Objective(s). Read read through each of the aims/objectives listed on the overhead. Be able to: understand how voice signals are transmitted over radio wave describe how the frequency spectrum is divided into groups/bands of waves. explain how the radio waves that make up the VHF and UHF radio transmission travel. identify factors that interfere with radio transmissions OHT 5 OHT 3 Time

Inform learners of Session enabling objectives:

OHT 4

Show OHT 5 Session content overview and briefly outline the key content areas that will be covered in this session. Clarify participant understanding of aims/objectives as required. Stimulate recall of prior/ prerequisite learning?: Components of a radio Principles of radio communication Frequency bands Characteristics of radio waves Sources of interference

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 1 Enabling Objective: Components of a radio Principles of radio communication Frequency bands Instructional Method Heading Show 2 way radio and ask participants to name a key component and state its function. Continue questioning until all components and their functions have been covered. Practice/Feedback Assessment Basic radio components and their functions Microphone Transmitter Aerial Receiver Speaker 2 way portable radio fitted with antenna and external microphone. Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

Show OHT 6 Components of a radio Clarify as required.

OHT 6

Principles of radio communication Sound waves to electrical energy Electrical energy to radio waves Broadcast and received by aerials Radio waves converted to electrical energy Electrical energy converted to sound waves. Frequency Bands Radio spectrum HF/VHF/UHF radio bands

Heading Show OHT 7 - Principles of radio comunications Discuss the sequence of actions that are carried out within the radio in order to send and receive a voice message.

OHT 7

Heading Show OHT 8 Frequency bands Introduce concept of radio spectrum and frequency bands. Give examples of bands used in CFA and frequencies covered by each band.

OHT 8

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session Enabling Objective: Characteristics of radio waves Sources of interferance. Instructional Method Heading Show OHT 9 Characteristics of radio waves Explain how HF/VHF/UHF radio waves travel and the range of travel. Other examples may be used eg. Microwave transmission, line of site across connecting mainland with Tasmania. Ham radio (bouncing signals off ionosphere to communicate around the world). Very Low Frequencies (VLF) ground waves used to communicate with submarines under water several thousand lilometres away.. Heading Show OHT 10 - Sources of interference Identify factors that can disrupt the transmission of radio signals. Use example of mobile phone blackspots in and around our city. Poor reception in some rural and country areas. Practice/Feedback Assessment Characteristics of radio waves Radio wave propagation Direct Refracted Reflected OHT 9 Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

Sources of interferance Thunderstorms and lightning Heavy rainfall High voltage power lines Other radio users (on same or adjacent channels) Terrain Buildings

OHT 10

Session summary

Use a range of questions to check participants understanding of content covered in this session.

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session Enabling Objective: Characteristics of radio waves Sources of interferance. Instructional Method Q1. Briefly describe the 3 waves that make up a VHF and UHF radio transmission? Q2. Explain what iis meant by term Line of Sight? Q3. What factors can interfere with radio communications? Q4. What is meant by the term black spot/shadow? Q5. If communications are disrupted, what can you do to try to restore communications? Practice/Feedback Assessment Directed questions Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points Session summary (contd)

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 2 Learning Strategy Session 2: Radio Communication Networks Time: 30 mins Aids Introduce Session: Session 2 Radio communication networks Show OHT 11 Session introduction This session introduces participants to the makeup and operation of communication networks used in CFA. It looks at how the methods used to transmits signals, techniques used to extend the range of transmitted and received signals, components that make up a network, the range of communications equipment used by firefighters and the emergency reporting system. Show OHT 12 Session Aims/Objective(s). Read read through each of the aims/objectives listed on the overhead. Be able to: Understand methods used to transmit radio signals with a communication network. State the factors that can effect transmitter range and methods to improve that range. Describe the components that may be used to form a radio communications network. Provide examples of the different types of communication equipment used within CFA. Clarify participant understanding of aims/objectives as required. OHT 13 Show OHT 13 - Session content overview and briefly outline the key content areas that will be covered in this session. Stimulate recall of prior/ prerequisite learning?: Methods of transmission Transmitter range Local and remote control Repeater transmission Voting systems Communication networks Communications equipment OHT 11 Time

Inform learners of Session enabling objectives:

OHT 12

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 2 Enabling Objective: Methods of transmission and transmitter range Types of radio systems and repeater systems Instructional Method Heading Show OHT 14 Methods of transmission Define terms and explain concepts. Practice/Feedback Assessment Methods of transmission Simplex Duplex Trunking Transmitter range Radio band spectrum being used and the atmospheric conditions. Radio transmitter power and aerial Portable (5 Watts) Mobile (5 - 25 Watts) Base (25 W and up) Aerial type and location Mode of operation (trunk enabled) Communication network and repeaters Radio systems Local and remote control Local control Remote control via landline Remote control via radio link Repeater transmission Repeaters Voting systems OHT 14 Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

Heading Show OHT 15 Transmitter range Discuss factors that can increase range of signals broadcast from radios.

OHT 15

Heading Show OHT 16 Local and remote control Discuss each type of setup.

OHT 16

Discuss concept of repeater systems Show OHT 17 Repeater transmission Show OHT 18 Voting systems Provide examples where used.

OHT 17 OHT 18

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 2 Enabling Objective: Content Points Types of communication equipment used in CFA Two-way radios Landline, mobile and satellite telephones Pagers / listening sets Facsimiles Fire and Emergency Reporting Systems (FRS / ERS) Three main types of two way radios Base station Mobile Portable Instructional Method Heading Question participants to identify the different types of comms equipment used in CFA. List answers on whiteboard. Show OHT 19 Communication equipment Compare lists and introduce any missed items Refer SOP 9.18 Mobile phone use in Operations Practice/Feedback Assessment Types of communication equipment used in CFA communication systems Time: Aids/Refs

OHT 19 SOP 9.18

Heading Show OHT 20 Types of radios Identify 3 main types of radios used and question participants to determine the main differences/advantages of each type. Summarise features/advantages/disadvantages of each type.

OHT 20

Types of pagers tone pager tone pager with voice over alpha-numeric page

Heading Show OHT 21 Types of pagers Identify 3 main types and discuss features/differences for each type. Show pager and demonstrate its features.

OHT 21

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 2 Enabling Objective: Content Points Emergency reporting system Instructional Method Heading Show OHT 22 Emergency reporting system Explain its purpose and operation. Ask participants to describe how the system operates in their brigade. Heading Show OHT 23 Communications network. Ask participants to identify the different users and methods of communication shown in the network diagram. Use a range of questions to check participants understanding of content covered in this session. Q1. What is the difference between Simplecx and duplex radio transmissions? Q2. Name 4 pieces of equipment that may be used in a CFA communication networks. Q3. Describe 3 factors that can influence the range of a transmitted radio signal. Q4. What is the difference between a remote control via landline and a local control? Directed questioning. Practice/Feedback Assessment OHT 22 CFA Communication systems Time: Aids/Refs

Communications Network

OHT 23

Session 2 summary

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 2 Learning Strategy Session 3: Verbal communication Time: 60 mins Aids Introduce Session: Session 3 - Verbal Communication Show OHT 24 - Session Introduction This session covers voice and language techniques that make for effective radio communications. Inform learners of Session enabling objectives: Show OHT 25 Session Aims/Objective(s). Read read through each of the aims/objectives listed on the overhead. Be able to: Understand and comply with radio operator responsibilities. Communicate using pro-words and phonetic alphabet in accordance with SOPs. Regulate speech (rhythm, speed, volume and pitch) to communicate clearly and effectively via a microphone. Communicate using CFAs protocols for sending, receiving and or relaying radio messages. Clarify participant understanding of aims/objectives as required. Show OHT 26 - Session content overview and briefly outline the key content areas that will be covered in this session. Stimulate recall of prior/ prerequisite learning?: Operator responsibilities Pro-words The phonetic alphabet Transmitting numbers and time Call signs Aerial identification of vehicles Speaking into a microphone Receiving, transmitting and relaying messages Coded messages OHT 25 OHT 24 Time

OHT 27

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Heading Question participants to determine operator responsibilities. Provide examples as required. Show OHT 28 Operator responsibilities Summarise responsibilities Refer to SOP 9.22 Radio use - CFA Practice/Feedback Assessment Radio operator responsibilitie Coordinating the exchange of information from mobile to portable radio operators Controlling the use of the radio network Maintaining radio network discipline Keeping the airways free from unnecessary chatter Techniques for effective radio communications Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

OHT 28 SOP 9.22

Heading Explain concept of pro words and how they can reduce possibility of error in communications. Show OHT 29 - 30 Identify pro words and explain how/where and when they are used. Refer SOP 9.15 Mayday procedure Participants are to demonstrate use of pro words by making up brief messages and repeating them to the group. Group to interpret meaning of messages. OHT 29 30

Pro words

SOP 9.15

Use of Say again ( ) pro word

Show OHT 31 Use of Say again (.) Explain circumstances in which the say again pro word might be used.

OHT 31

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Practice/Feedback Assessment Using previous message prepared by participants ask several participants to repeat their message and have others respond using variations of the say again pro word. The message sender is then required to repeat the requested parts of the message. Ensure the correct response is provided in each instance. Phonetic alphabet Heading Show OHT 32 Phonetic alphabet Identify phonetic alphabet and explain how/where and when it is used. Show OHT 33 Phonetic alphabet practice Ask participants to provide the phonetic words for each letter. Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

OHT 32

OHT 33

Show OHT 34 Phonetic spelling practice

Ask participants to spell the words on the slide phonetically

OHT 34

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Heading Show OHT 35 Transmitting numbers Demonstrate the correct sounding of each number when transmitting over radio. Show example numbers and ask participants sound them out aloud. 12 and 24 hr clocks 12 24 hr clock time conversion Heading Show OHT 36 12 and 24 hr clocks Revise concept of 24 hr clock. Question participants to ensure everyone is conversant with both 12 and 24 hr time keeping. Show OHT 37 Transmitting times Participants to practice sounding times for radio transmission Show 12 hr time and ask participants to convert to 24 hr time and sound it out as if transmitting the time over a radio. Continue till all examples completed correctly. Practice/Feedback Assessment Transmitting numbers OHT 35 Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

OHT 35

OHT 36

OHT 37

Call signs Radio call signs

Heading Show OHT 38 Call signs Discuss purpose of call signs and provide examples Show OHT 39 Aerial identification Explain where this might be useful.

OHT 38

Aerial identification of vehicles

OHT 39

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Heading Explain what acronymn RSVP stands for. Show OHT 40 Speaking into a microphone Explain what is meant by rythm and speed. Provide several examples of appropriate rhythm and speed in speech. Show OHT 41 - Speaking into a microphone Explain what is meant by volume and pitch. Provide several examples of appropriate volume and pitch in speech. Holding a microphone Show correct method for holding and positioning a microphone when speaking into it. Demonstrate correct techniques for holding the microphone while speaking (distance from mouth angle to face). OHT 40 Practice/Feedback Assessment Speaking into a microphone RSVP acronym Rhythm Speed Volume Pitch Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

OHT 41

Receiving, transmitting and relaying messages Receiving a message (protocol)

Heading Show OHT 42 Receiving transmitting and relaying messages. Explain protocol and provide opportunities for practice.

OHT 42

Transmitting a message (protocol)

Show OHT 43 Receiving transmitting and relaying messages. Explain protocol for transmitting

OHT 43

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Show OHT 44 Receiving transmitting and relaying messages. Discuss message sequence and provide opportunities for practice. Practice/Feedback Assessment OHT 44 Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

Using two portable radios, select a range of participants and have them transmit a brief message to the receiving unit. Ask group to note clarity and ease of understanding of transmitted message. OHT 45

Relaying messages

Show OHT 45 Relaying messages Explain need for relays, protocol used and responsibilities of person relaying the message. Provide opportunities for participants to practice in pairs and in groups of three to send, receive and relay information.

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 3 Enabling Objective: Radio operator responsibilities Techniques for effective radio communications Instructional Method Use a range of questions to check participants understanding of content covered in this session. Q1. What does pro word wait mean? Q2. What does the pro word Nothing heard mean? Q3. What action should tyou take on hearing the pro word Emergency? Q4. You need to advise Fiskville pumper 1 to proceed to a rural property. Use the phonetic alphabet, relevant pro word and figures to repeat the address which is: a) 1526 Fuller road b) 1983 Spence lane c) 1156 Bentons Creek road Q5. How does the acronymn RSVP apply to the way you speak when transmitting a message by radio? Q6. What words would you use to transmit the time 11:45pm? Practice/Feedback Assessment Directed questions Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points Session 3 summary

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 2 Learning Strategy Session 4: Radio operational procedures Time: 30 mins Aids OHT 46 Time

Introduce Session:

Session 4 Radio operational procedures Show OHT 46 Session Introduction This session introduces participants to radio operational procedures adopted by CFA. It covers the types of messages that may be sent during an incident as well as the sequence in which they would generally be used.

Inform learners of Session enabling objectives:

Show OHT 47 Session Aims/Objective(s). Read read through each of the aims/objectives listed on the overhead. Be able to: Explain the types of messages sent during an incident, and the sequence in which they would be used Clarify participant understanding of aims/objectives as required. Show OHT 48 - Session content overview and briefly outline the key content areas that will be covered in this session. Turn-out On scene Word back / Sitrep Assistance Message / other messages Returning In Station

OHT 47

OHT 48

Stimulate recall of prior/ prerequisite learning?:

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session 4 Enabling Objective: Content Points Type and purpose of radio messages Instructional Method Heading Ask participants to name the types of messages that might be sent during an incident. Show OHT 49 Types of messages Question participants to determine purpose of message. Clarify as required. OHT 49 Practice/Feedback Assessment Types of radio messages Time: Aids/Refs

Turn-out On scene Word back / Sitrep Assistance Message / other messages Returning In Station

Sequence of message Message type and purpose Incident type Status Session summary

Show OHT50 - Communication sequence Step through sequence shown in slide. Draw on personal experience to describe a typical incident scenerio and the flow of communication that would take place. Use a range of questions to check participants understanding of content covered in this session.

OHT 50

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 2 Learning Strategy Session 5: Operation of Motorola radios Time: 90 mins Aids Introduce Session: Session 5 Operation of Motorola radios Show OHT 51 Session Introduction This session introduces participants to the features, setup, call types and operation of the Motorola Syntrx-pro mobile radio, MTS 2000 and MTX 838 portable radios Inform learners of Session enabling objectives: Show OHT 52 Session Aims/Objective(s). Read read through each of the aims/objectives listed on the overhead. Be able to: use the controls and features on a range of Motorola radios (mobile and portable) to monitor, receive and transmit conventional calls. Note to Trainer: - Brigade equipment and communication needs will determine which (if any) of the radios advanced features will need to be covered. These may include any of the following call features: Trunking calls Dedicated calls Group calls Call in absence Status calls Emergency callsTelephone calls Interfleet / interprefix calls DTMF overdial Clarify participant understanding of aims/objectives as required. Show OHT 53 - Session content overview and briefly outline the key content areas that will be covered in this session. Features, Setup, Call types and Operation of motorola: Syntrx-pro radio MTS 2000 portable radio MTX 838 portable radio Stimulate recall of prior/ prerequisite learning?: OHT 51 Time

OHT 52

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 3 . Session Enabling Objective: Motorola Radio Types Operation in conventional mode. Instructional Method Show OHT 54 Motorola radio types Introduce the radios that will be covered in this session. Practice/Feedback Assessment Motorola radio types Time: Aids/Refs

Content Points

Motorola MTX 838 Construction Features Controls Operation

Heading Explain and demonstrate features provided. Demonstrate setting up the radio and making/receiving a call. Pass around the portable radios to participants for a brief inspection. Heading Show OHT - Conventional operation Explain and demonstrate features provided. Demonstrate setting up the radio and making/receiving a conventional call.

OHT 55 -61

Motorola MTX 2000 Construction Features Controls Operation Motorola MCS 2000 Syntrx-pro Construction Features Controls Operation

OHT 62-69

Heading Show OHT - Conventional operation Explain and demonstrate features provided. Demonstrate setting up the radio and making/receiving a conventional call.

Provide opportunities for participants to practice setting up for different types of calls.

OHT 89-99

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Learning and Assessment Strategy

Section 4 . Session/Program Summary/Review:


Use a combination of self check questions from the learner manual and or directed questioning techniques

Aids

Time

Learning Check:

Learning checks should be carried out at the end of each session. Material covered in earlier sessions may also be checked in later sessions. Practical activities should be incorporated into the training to allow participants to demonstrate the skills required.

On the Job Practice:

Determined at Brigade level.

Support/Encouragement Techniques: Further Training: Program/ Unit Evaluation:

Regular practice incorporated as part of skills maintenance program

Determined at Brigade level.

A post course review should be carried out to gather feedback and seek ideas for improving course content and presentation.

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