T ni l mt phn quan trng trong cu, n to nn logic trong li ni v cu vn ca bn.

Chng ta hy cng hc nhng t ni thng dng nht trong ting Anh nh! 1. Because, Because of - ng sau Because phi dng 1 cu hon chnh nhng ng sau Because of phi dng 1 ng danh t. - Because of = on account of = due to: Do bi - Nhng nn dng due to sau ng t to be cho chun. Ex: The accident was due to the heavy rain. - Dng as a result of nhn mnh hu qu ca hnh ng hoc s vt, s vic. Ex: He was blinded as a result of a terrible accident. 2. T ni ch mc ch v kt qu - Trong cu trc ny ngi ta dng thnh ng "so that" (sao cho, cho). ng t mnh sau "so that" phi thi tng lai so vi thi ca ng t mnh chnh. Ex: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test. - Phi phn bit "so that" trong cu trc ny vi so that mang ngha do (therefore). Cch phn bit duy nht l ng t ng sau so that mang ngha do din bin bnh thng so vi thi ca ng t mnh ng trc. Ex: We heard nothing from him so that ( = therefore) we wondered if he moved away. 3. T ni ch nguyn nhn v kt qu. - Trong loi t ni ny ngi ta dng cu trc so/such .... that = qu, n ni m v chia lm nhiu loi s dng. . Dng vi tnh t v ph t : Cu trc l so ..... that. Ex: Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.

Ex: Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary. - Dng vi danh t s nhiu: Cu trc vn l so ... that nhng phi dng many hoc few trc danh t . Ex: I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one. - Dng vi danh t khng m c: Cu trc vn l so ... that nhng phi dng much hoc little trc danh t . Ex: He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now. - Dng vi tnh t + danh t s t: such a ... that. C th dng so theo cu trc : so + adj + a + noun ... that. (t ph bin hn) Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. It was so a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. - Dng vi tnh t + danh t s nhiu/khng m c: such ... that. Tuyt i khng c dng so. Ex: They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it. 4. Mt s cc t ni mang tnh iu kin khc. - Even if + negative verb: cho d. Ex: You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready. - Whether or not + positive verb: d c hay khng. Ex: You must go tomorrow whether or not you are ready. - Cc i t nghi vn ng u cu cng dng lm t ni v ng t theo sau chng phi chia ngi th 3 s t. Ex: Whether he goes out tonight depends on his girldfriend. Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers confused. - Mt s cc t ni c quy lut ring ca chng nu kt hp vi nhau And moreover - And in addtion And thus - Or otherwise And furthermore - And therefore But nevertheless - But ... anyway

- Nu ni gia hai mnh , ng trc chng phi c du phy Ex: He was exhausted, and therefore his judgement was not very good. - Nhng nu ni gia hai t n th khng Ex:The missing piece is small but nevertheless significant. - Unless + positive = if ... not: Tr phi, nu khng. Ex: You will be late unless you start at once. - But for that + unreal condition: Nu khng th . Hin ti Ex: My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here(But he is here learning) . Qu kh Ex: My car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time (But they were late) - Otherwise + real condition: Ko, nu khng th. Ex: We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out. - Otherwise + unreal condition: Ko, nu khng th nhng sau n phi l iu kin khng th thc hin c Hin ti Ex: Her father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she can with her father's). . Qu kh: Ex: I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he didn't take any longer). Notes: Trong ting Anh thng thng (colloquial English) ngi ta dng or else thay th cho otherwise. - Provided/Providing that: Vi iu kin l, min l = as long as Ex: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess. - Suppose/Supposing = What ... if : Gi s .... th sau, Nu ..... th sao. Ex: Suppose the plane is late = What (will happen) if the plane is late.

- Suppose cn c th c dng a ra li gi . Ex: Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him. - Lu thnh ng: What if I am: Tao th th sao no (mang tnh thch thc) - If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi vng rng Ex : If only he comes in time Ex : If only he will learn harder for the test next month. - If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that(Cu /k khng thc hin c) = gi m Ex: If only he came in time now. If only she had studied harder for that test - If only + S + would + V . Din t mt hnh ng khng th xy ra hin ti Ex: If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drove more slowly. Din t mt c mun v vng v tng lai: Ex: If only it would stop raining - Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: ngay lp tc/ ngay khi m Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex: Tell me immediatly (=as soon as ) you have any news. Phone me the moment that you get the results. I love you the instant (that) I saw you. Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke