MULTIMEDIAUNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF KENYA P. O. BOX 30305 00100, NAIROBI, KENYA. MAGADI ROAD.

. (A CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY) FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS - 2012/2013 SECOND YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION & INFORMATION ENGINEERING

ETI 2209: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS II.

DAY &DATE: 10th December,2012

TIME:11.00am-1.00pm VENUE: LR2

Instructions to Candidates:

Answer Question One and any other two. Questions and their parts contain marks as shown.

QUESTION ONE:
COUNTERS
AND

TRANSISTOR SWITCHES

(30 MARKS) (a). (i). Using the time pulse patterns of a four-bit binary count sequence, explain how the least significant bit (LSB) and the most significant bit (MSB) toggle (ii). Give reasons why JK flip flops are preferred to the SR flip flops for counting such bits.

(5 Marks)
(b). (i). Using a circuit diagram only, show how the symbol of the JK flip flop is developed from the SR flip flop. (ii). Use time waveforms to assist in explaining the operation of a four bit JK synchronous up counter. (7 Marks) (c). (i). By use of construction sketches of named transistors, explain the difference between unipolar and bipolar semiconductor devices. (ii). Give three reasons for wide use of FETs, other than BJTs, in Integrated Circuits (ICs). State their main limitation. (iii). Draw the planar construction arrangement for an Nchannel MOSFET showing labeled terminals, the materials used and the bias arrangement.

(9 Marks)
(d). (i). Using the I-V curves with a load line, explain the operation of a MOSFET as a switch. Clearly indicate and

describe the relevant operating regions in the curves, with their corresponding characteristics and transistor circuits.

(ii). Draw the circuit diagram of a complementary MOSFET motor controller driven by an IC, Indicate the ON and OFF combinations. Explain its forward and reverse functions.

(9 Marks)

QUESTION TWO. THE LOGIC FAMILY.

(20 MARKS) (a) (i). Draw a common emitter Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) NAND gate. Explain its working. (ii). State the main disadvantage/s of the DTL ICs compared to TTL ICs. (iii). Explain how the Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) architecture borrows from the DTL gate circuit in (i). Hence, (iv). Draw the circuit of a multi emitter TTL NAND gate. Show a planar section indicating how it is fabricated. (v). Explain how it works.

(12 Marks)
(b). (i). State the main disadvantage of the TTL family.

(ii). Using a circuit diagram, explain how the disadvantage in (i) is practically alleviated.
(5 Marks)

(c). Compare TTL with CMOS logic devices in terms of performance.

(3 Marks)

QUESTION THREE. MEMORY DEVICES.

(20 MARKS) (a). (i). Using an illustration, differentiate between the Sequentially Access Memory (SAM) and Random Access Memory (RAM). State, with reasons, which of the two is preferred for use.
(ii). Compare the Static RAM (SRAM) and the Dynamic RAM (DRAM) in terms of density and speed, hence use.

(7 Marks)
(b). Detail the three different states of SRAM operation.

(6 Marks)
(c). (i). Differentiate between the Mask ROM (MROM), Programmable ROM (PROM) and Electronically Erasable

PROM (EEPROM), giving their general properties and specific applications. (ii). Give examples and properties of writeable variants of ROM. (iii). Relate Error-Correcting Code (ECC) memory to RAMs. State their functions in digital systems.
(7 Marks)

QUESTION FOUR. ANALOGUE

TO

DIGITAL CONVERSION (ADC)

AND

DIGITAL

TO

ANALOGUE CONVERSION (DAC).

(20 MARKS)

(a). (i). Use a definitions and time waveforms to differentiate between analogue and digital signals. (ii). State six advantages of digital techniques over their analogue counterparts.
(6 Marks)

(b). For ADCs, explain the meanings of (i). Accuracy. (ii). Quantization error. (iii). Sampling rate. (iv). Aliasing. (v). Dither.

(7 Marks)

(c). (i). Using successive circuit diagrams, justify the naming and explain the general principle of R/2nR (Binary-WeightedInput) DACs. (ii). Describe the R/2R ladder DAC as an alternative to the binary-weighted-input (MSB/LSB) DAC.
(7 Marks)

QUESTION FIVE.
DIGITAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS.
(20 MARKS) (a). Give five advantages and three disadvantages of the digital over the analogue instruments.

(4 Marks)
(b). Sketching their typical displays, compare the capabilities of (i). a digital multimeter. (ii). a digital oscilloscope. and (iii). a digital spectrum analyzer.

(6 Marks)

(c). Use diagram to briefly describe the functions of all the blocks to help in explaining the operation of EITHER A digital multimeter (DMM) showing blocks for measuring resistance, AC voltage, DC current, AC current, and DC voltage. OR A digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) measuring current and voltage.
(10 Marks)

END.