HIV/AIDS Presented by: Shakuntala Timilsena, Manju Pandey, Sunita Uprety, Kanti Pandey, Tekmaya Ale, Shrijana Shrestha,

Sudha Regmi BN Ist Year

OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, the learners will be able to:

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Introduce HIV/AIDS.

Discuss its epidemiology.

List its causative organism and source of infection.

Discuss the etiology, the high risk groups and mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS.

Discuss the incubation period.

Describe the pathophysiology.

Explain the medical and nursing management.

INTRODUCTION

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HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a fatal illness caused by a retrovirus known as Human immunodeficiency Virus. It is an acquired infection in which the HIV integrates itself in CD4(t4 helper) cells causing severe immuno diffusion. This infection renders the person unusually susceptible to other life threatening infection and malignancies. EPIDEMIOLOGY

World

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Emerging disease recognized only in 1981A.D.

Today an estimated 34-46 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in world.

Nepal First case detected in 1988A.D.

Today an estimated 80,000 people live with this syndrome.

CAUSATIVE ORGANISM

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Types:HIV1 (most common type)

HIV2 (recently recognized in West Africa)

Source of infection

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Blood, semen and Csf : in greater concentration

Tears, saliva, breast milk, urine and cervical and vaginal secretion : in lower concentration.

Etiology/ High risk groups

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Clients of sex workers

Intravenous drug users

Partners of migrants, housewives

Sex workers: street based and non-street based

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Labor migrants

Transport workers: drivers, conductors and khalansis

Homosexual

Street children

Uniform services like army, police

Transfusion recipients of blood and blood products

Surgeon/health personnel.

Mode of transmission

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Sexual contact (Major cause)

Blood Blood transfusion Needle sharing in drug user Skin piercing

Mother to child transmission

During delivery During breast feeding:45% in child who is breastfed 15-30% in child who is not breastfed

INCUBATION PERIOD

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Varies from few months to 10yrs from HIV infection to the development of AIDS. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WBC for immunity- T lymphocytes

T lymphocytes have antibodies on surface known as CD4 antibodies

HIV virus recognizes CD4 as antigens and invades them

Decreased in CD4 count

Decreased in immunity

Rate of progression of HIV depends on viral load.

Increased in viral load

Decreased in CD4 count

Decreased in immunity

Quick progression of the disease.