WasteWater Treatment Processes: Example Problems

CE 260 Lecture 19

05/31/2013

Primary Clarier

30000 people, 0.5m3 / persone / day. Design a conventional primary clarier to have a 2hrs detention time and a 40m/d overow rate and a high-rate clarier with a 1500m/d overow. What are the dimension of the conventional vs high rate?

Primary Clarier

A = Q /v = 375m2 A diameter= ( 4 pi ) = 22m 150002 depth= Q A = 37524 = 3.3m 2 high rate: A= Q v = 15000/1500 = 10m

Secondary treatment: Pond problem

Secondary treatment: Pond problem

dX = QX0 QXf + Vr dt Insert the Monod expression for the rate r, with also a die o of the bacteria, and consider the steady state: dX kmax XS = QX0 QX + V ( kd X ) = 0 dt Ks + S Considering X0 = 0, simplify by Q: X + V kmax XS ( kd X ) = 0 Q Ks + S
V Q:

Mass balance:

Factor X out and consider = X ( (

kmax S kd )) = 0 Ks + S

This is true if: X ( ( kmax S kd )) = 0 Ks + S

for any X. Solving for S gives: S= Ks (1 + kd ) kmax 1 kd

Note that S, the amount of BOD (or equivalently of organic matter) in the system does not depend on the input concentration but only on microbiological information (and residence time)!

The same approach leads to an expression for X, the microbe concentration: kXS dS = QS0 QS V ( )=0 dt Ks + S Note that k is the substrate utilisation rate here (hence the minus sign), not the microbial population growth rate (km axintheslidesabove ). Again, eliminating Q and solving for X gives: X = (Ks + S )(S0 S ) kS

Using design values (table 6E2 in Nazaro) for Ks = 60, kd = 0.06 and kmax = 3 yields S=6.9mg/L. With k=5 and S that we just calculated, we obtain X=43mg/L.

Secondary treatment: Pond performance

Matlab code to plot S and X as a function of .
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S=@(Ks,kd,tau,km,Y) ... Ks.*(1+kd.*tau)./(km*Y.*tau(1+kd.*tau)); X=@(Sin,S,tau,Y,k) ... ((SinS)./tau).*((Y.*tau)./(1+k.*tau)); Ks=60;kd=0.05;km=3;k=5;Y=0.6;Sin=200; tau=0.1:0.1:10; Sresult=S(Ks,kd,tau,km,Y); Xresult=X(Sin,Sresult,tau,Y,kd);

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Secondary treatment: Pond performance

Matlab code to plot S and X as a function of (continued ).
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figure plot(tau,Sresult,'linewidth',2); hold on plot(tau,Xresult,'r','linewidth',2) set(gca,'ylim',[0 100],'xlim',[1 ... 10],'box','off','linewidth',2) set(gcf,'color','w') xlabel('Residence Time (days)') ylabel('Concentration (mg/L)') legend({'Substrate';'Bacteria'})

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Secondary treatment: Pond performance

Note that the bacterial concentration decreases as the residence time increases in this case because of the die o parameter. Thats why for an activated sludge reactor, we recirculate some of the mass to maintain an optimal concentration. Similar mass balance approach can be used to derive expressions for a complete activatedd sludge reactor (see Nazaro pp 349 to 352 for this).