B.

6 Ethylene Oxide Production, Unit 700 Ethylene oxide is a chemical to make ethylene glycol(the primary ingredient in antifreeze ). It is used to make polyethylene-oxide, and both the lowmolecular-weigth and high- molecularweigth polymers have many applications including as detergent additives.Because ethylene oxide is so reactive, it has many other uses as a reactant.However, because of its reactivity, danger of explosion,and toxicity, it is rarely shipped outside the manufacturing facility but instead is often pumped directy to a nearby consumer. B.6.1 Process Description[1, 2] The process flow diagram is shown in Figure B.6.1. Ethylene feed(via pipeline from a neighboring plant) is mixed with recycled ethylene and mixed with compressed and dried air(drying step not shown), heated, and then fed to the first reactor.the reaction is exothermic, and medium-pressure steam is made in the reactor shell.Conversion i nthe reactor is kept low to enhance selectivity for the desired product. The reactor effluent is cooled, compressed and sent to a scrubber, where ethylene oxide is absorbed by water.The vapor from the scrubber is heated, throttled, and sent to a second reactor, followed by a second series of cooling, compression, and scrubbing.A fraction of the unreacted vapor Stream is purged, with the remainder recycled to recover unreacted ethylene.The combined aqueous product stream are mixed, cooled, throttled, and distilled to produce the desired product. The required purity specification is 99.5 wt% ethylene oxide. Stream summary tables, utility summary tables, and major equipment spectifications ares shown in Tables B.6.1-B.6.3 B.6.2 Reaction Kinetics The pertinent reactions (adapted from Stoukides and Pavlou[3] are as foloows.

C 2 H 4 + 0.5O2 C 2 H 4 O C 2 H 4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2 H 2 O C 2 H 4 O + 3O 2 2.5CO 2 + 2 H 2 O

The kinetic expressions are respectively,

(B.6.1) (B.6.2) (B.6.3)

r1 =

1.96 exp(2400 / RT ) pethylene 1 + 0.00098 exp(11200 / RT ) pethylene

0.0936 exp(6400 / RT ) pethylene

(B.6.4)

r2 =

1 + 0.00098 exp(11200 / RT ) pethylene

(B.6.5)

r3 =

2 0.42768 exp(6200 / RT ) pethylene oxide 2 1 + 0.000033 exp(21200 / RT ) pethylene oxide

(B.6.6)

The units for the reaction rates are moles/m3 s. The pressure unit is bar.The activation energy numerator is in cal/mol.The catalyst used for this raction is silver on an inert support.The

support consists of 7.5 mm diameter spheres that have a bulk density of 1250 kg/m3 and a void fraction of 0.4 Table B.6.1 Stream Table for Unit 700 Stream Number 1 Temp (C) 25.00 Pres (bar) 1.01325 Vapor mole fraction 1.00 Flowrate (kg/h) 500,000.00 Flowrate (kmol/h 17,381.45 Component Flowrates (kmol/h) Ethylene 0.0 Ethylene Oxide 0.0 Carbon Dioxide 0.0 Oxygen 3281.35 Nitrogen 14,100.09 Water 0.0 Stream Number 5 Temp (C) 206.11 Pres (bar) 9.00 Vapor mole fraction 1.00 Flowrate (kg/h) 500,000.00 Flowrate (kmol/h 17,381.45 Component Flowrates (kmol/h) Ethylene 0.0 Ethylene Oxide 0.0 Carbon Dioxide 0.0 Oxygen 3281.35 Nitrogen 14,100.09 Water 0.0 2 25.00 50.00 1.00 20,000.00 712.91 712.91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 45.00 8.70 1.00 500,000.00 17,381.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 3281.35 14,100.09 0.0 3 159.19 3.00 1.00 500,000.00 17,381.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 3281.35 14,100.09 0.0 7 195.21 27.00 1.00 500,000.00 17,381.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 3281.35 14,100.09 0.0 4 45.00 2.70 1.00 500,000.00 17,381.45 0.0 0.0 0.0 3281.35 14,100.09 0.0 8 -6.30 27.00 1.00 20,000.00 712.91 712.91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (continued)

La produccin de xido de Etileno

El xido de etileno es un producto qumico para hacer etilenglicol (el ingrediente primario en anticongelante). Se usa para hacer xido de polietileno, y ambos el low molecular-weigth y los polmeros de molecular-weigth alto tener muchos aplicaciones incluir como el xido detergente de etileno del additives.Because es tan reactivo, tiene muchos otros usos como un reactant.However, porque de su reactividad, el peligro de explosin, y la toxicidad, l es raramente exterior enviado la facilidad manufacturera pero en lugar de eso es a menudo directy bombeado para un consumidor cercano. Descripcin del Proceso El diagrama de flujo de proceso es mostrado en Figure B.6.1. El etileno con el que el pienso (por tubera de una planta vecina) es mixto recicl etileno y se mezcl con aire comprimido y secado (secando grada no mostrado), se calent, y entonces alimentada para el primer reactor.the la reaccin es exotrmica, y el vapor de la presin mediana est hecho en el shell.Conversion del reactor en el reactor es punto bajo conservado para realzar selectividad para el producto deseado. El efluente del reactor es enfriado, comprimido y se enva a un fregn, dnde el xido de etileno se enfrasca en vapor del water.The del fregn es caliente, estrangulado, y se enva un segundo reactor, seguido por una segunda serie de enfriamiento, compresin, y el fragmento scrubbing.A del vapor no reaccionado Stream es exonerado, con lo dems reciclado para recobrar ethylene.The no reaccionado corriente acuosa combinada del producto es mixto, enfriado, ahogado, y destilado para producir el producto deseado. La especificacin requerida de pureza es xido de etileno del % 99.5 wt. Las mesas del resumen de corriente, las mesas del resumen de utilidad, y el equipo principal spectifications ares enseados en Tables B.6.1 B.6.3 fregando