AUTOMATIC SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC LED STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

VISHNU PRASANTH V GADUPUDI RAVI KUMAR KOTTISA RAJASEKHAR PATNAIK

11009105053 11009105017 11009105024

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PRATHYUSHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2013
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ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report AUTOMATIC SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC LED STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM is the bonafide work of VISHNU PRASANTH V, GADUPUDI RAVI KUMAR, KOTTISA RAJASEKHAR PATNAIK who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR SUPERVISOR

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management Aranvoyalkuppam, Thiruvallur - 602025

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management Aranvoyalkuppam, Thiruvallur - 602025

Project viva voce held on

Internal Examiner
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External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep gratitude to my beloved and respectable chairman Sri. P. RAJA RAO. I am thankful to my honorable CEO Ms. S. PRATHYUSHA for her constant support and encouragement. I also feel obliged to my Principal Dr. P. M. BEULAH DEVAMALAR for her valuable support and encouragement. I express my sincere and hearty thanks to my Head of the Department Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR for his valuable guidance and all facilities he gave us for completing the project. I am grateful to my Internal Guide Mr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR who led us to complete my project successfully with his valuable suggestions and timely advices for successful completion of my project. I sincerely thank my Project Coordinator Mr. NIRMAL KUMAR for his support and help throughout till the successful completion of my project. I express my sincere thanks to all my teaching and non teaching staff members of Department of EEE for their immense support for completing my project.
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ABSTRACT The modern world is in a great need of power and the power produced from the non renewable energy resources is very less to meet the present day demands. So, renewable energy like the solar can be used for applications like street lighting, home lighting, and other low power home appliances. The following system is a maintenance free automatic solar photo voltaic LED street lighting system which functions with the help of a PIC Microcontroller, charge controller, and a lamp controller. The PIC 16F877A Microcontroller along with the relay is used here in order to provide automatic ON/OFF based on the voltage available on the solar panel. The PIC Microcontroller is also used to charge the battery in two ways depending upon the voltage available on the solar panel. In order to provide 12 hours of lighting operation with the energy stored in the battery during day time, LED lighting systems are used. These LEDs provide high luminance and consume very less power when compared to the conventional lighting systems. With the help of this system the needs of street lighting can be fulfilled with a minimal investment cost.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE Abstract List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 LED Solar Garden Light 1.3 LED Solar Sign Light 1.4 LED Solar Security Light 1.5 Conclusion 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Literature review 2.3 Conclusion 3 Modules and its functions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Block Diagram 3.2.1 PIC 16F877A Microcontroller
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PAGE NO. iv ix ix x 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 7

3.2.2 Battery Charger Module 3.2.3 Lamp Driver Module 3.3 Requirements 3.3.1 Software Requirements 3.3.2 Hardware Requirements 3.4 Conclusion 4 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Special features 4.3 Peripheral features 4.4 Analog features 4.5 Key features of microcontroller 4.6 Architecture 4.7 I/O Ports 4.8 Conclusion 5 MPLAB 5.1 Introduction 5.2 MPLAB IDE 5.3 MPLAB Development tools 5.4 Conclusion
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7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 11 11 13 16 21 22 22 23 24 27

Solar Panel 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Building Block of Solar Panel 6.3 Theory 6.4 Efficiency 6.5 Battery 6.6 Conclusion

28 28 29 30 30 32 32 33 33 33 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 42

LED Lamp 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Features 7.3 Applications 7.4 Various Colours Available 7.5 Construction of 6x4 Matrix 7.6 Conclusion

Project Description 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Circuit Diagram 8.2.1 Controller 8.2.2 Battery Charger Module 8.2.3 Lamp Driver Module
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8.3 Flow Chart 8.4 Algorithm 8.5 Conclusion 9 10 Results Conclusion 10.1 Conclusion 10.2 Further Enhancement 11 12 Reference Appendix

44 45 45 46 47 47 47 48 50

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LIST OF FIGURES S.No Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 FIGURE Block diagram 40 Pin DIP of PIC16F877A Architecture of PIC 16F877A Internal Architecture of I/O ports Internal Architecture of Port D 6x4 LED Matrix Complete Circuit Diagram PIC Microcontroller Base Circuit Voltage Sensing Circuit Battery Charger LED Driver Skeletal Model PAGE 6 13 15 16 20 35 38 39 40 41 43 46

LIST OF TABLES S.No Table 1 Table 2 TABLE Key features of Microcontroller Approximate Time Voltage relationship on a day PAGE 11 42

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LED IC PIC PV DSSC DIP Ni-Cd Ni-MH ICSP WDT ICD IDE LCD Light Emitting Diode Integrated Chips Peripheral Interface Controller Photo Voltaic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Dual Inline Packaging Nickel Cadmium Nickel Metal Hydride In-Circuit Serial Programming Watch Dog Timer In-Circuit Debug Integrated Development Environment Liquid Crystal Display