TECHNICAL STANDARD TS-105

FOR TESTING UNDERGROUND & OVERHEAD NETWORKS

Published: 3 September 2012

SA Power Networks.
www.sapowernetworks.com.au

Use of this document is subject to the disclaimer on SA Power Networks website: www.sapowernetworks.com.au

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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

REVISION NOTICE:
DATE October 2009 EXPLANATION Restructured the document to current standard Added new clause 6.8 Minor amendment to clause 6.3.4 & 7.1 Company name change only. No other content of this Technical Standard has been altered. Any revision markings are from the October 2009 edition.

3 September 2012

SA Power Networks SA Power Networks means Distribution Lessor Corporation subject to a

two hundred year lease to the partnership of companies trading as SA Power Networks or SA Power Networks in its own right. SA Power Networks, ABN 13 332 330 749, a partnership of: Spark Infrastructure SA (No.1) Pty Ltd, ABN 54 091 142 380 Spark Infrastructure SA (No.2) Pty Ltd, ABN 19 091 143 038 Spark Infrastructure SA (No.3) Pty Ltd, ABN 50 091 142 362 each incorporated in Australia CKI Utilities Development Limited, ABN 65 090 718 880 PAI Utilities Development Limited, ABN 82 090 718 951 each incorporated in The Bahamas 1 Anzac Highway, Keswick, South Australia, 5035.

SA Power Networks Disclaimer:

1. 2. 3. The use of the information contained in this Technical Standard is at your sole risk. The information in this Technical Standard is subject to change without notice. SA Power Networks, its agents, instrumentalities, officers and employees: a. Make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information contained in this Technical Standard; b. Accept no liability for any use of the said information or reliance placed on it; and c. Make no representations, either expressed or implied, as to the suitability of the said information for any particular purpose. SA Power Networks and its agencies and instrumentalities do not endorse or in any respect warrant any third party products or services by virtue of any information, material or content referred to or included on, or linked from or to this Technical Standard.

4.

SA Power Networks Copyright @ 2012:

This publication is copyright. SA Power Networks reserves to itself all rights in such material. You must not reproduce any content of this Technical Standard by any process without first obtaining SA Power Networks permission, except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968. All rights reserved.

TS - 105 Issue: 03/09/12 Authorised: Jehad Ali Date: 03/09/12 Page 2 of 17 The use of this Technical Standard is subject to the conditions stated in SA Power Networks Disclaimer.

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Refer to TS-105 Appendix A for all the standard forms that are relevant to testing and are a pre-requisite to SA Power Networks acceptance of the Certificate of SA Power Networks Electrical Compliance

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................ 5 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 5 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 6 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................ 7 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 8 UNDERGROUND TESTING ........................................................................................ 9 6.1 Low Voltage XLPE Distribution Cables.............................................................. 9 6.1.1 Insulation Resistance ...................................................................................... 9 6.1.2 Phasing Test ................................................................................................... 9 6.1.3 Continuity Test (Resistance of Bolted Connections) ..................................... 9 6.1.4 Earth Resistance Test ................................................................................... 10 Public Lighting Cable Circuits ........................................................................... 10 6.2.1 Insulation Resistance Testing ....................................................................... 10 6.2.2 Polarity Checking ......................................................................................... 10 6.2.3 Electrical Testing ......................................................................................... 10 11 kV and 33 kV XLPE Cables Including CBD Cables ................................... 11 6.3.1 Phasing Test ................................................................................................. 11 6.3.2 Outer Sheath Insulation Resistance (Screen Wire Test) .............................. 11 6.3.3 HV Test on XLPE Cables already in Service or Previously Energised ....... 12 6.3.4 HV Test on New XLPE Cable ..................................................................... 12 6.3.5 Alternative HV Test Requirement on Insulation for 11kV Cables .............. 13 Paper Insulated Cables ....................................................................................... 13 6.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 13 6.4.2 Tests on LV Cables ...................................................................................... 13 6.4.3 Test on 11KV and 33kV Cables between Cores and Earth ......................... 14 66kV Oil Filled Cables ........................................................................................ 14 6.5.1 Core to Sheath Test after Repairs................................................................. 14 6.5.2 Outer Sheath Integrity Test .......................................................................... 14 66kV XLPE Cables .............................................................................................. 14 6.6.1 Safety............................................................................................................ 14 6.6.2 Core to Sheath Test after Repairs................................................................. 14 6.6.3 Outer Sheath Integrity Test .......................................................................... 15 Cable Identification Testing ............................................................................... 15 Network Access Permits ...................................................................................... 16
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6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7 6.8

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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

7.

OVERHEAD TESTING ............................................................................................... 17 7.2 7.3 Buried SWER Earthing Cable Circuits ............................................................. 17 11kV and 33kV Covered Conductor and 11kV IUC ........................................ 17 7.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 17 7.3.2 Phasing Test ................................................................................................. 17
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7.1

LV ABC ................................................................................................................ 17

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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

1.

It also provides guidelines in obtaining a network access permit and clarifies the responsibilities of SA Power Networks Internal staff and external contractors in carrying out the duties in a safe, reliable and cost effective way with the activities associated with SA Power Networks networks. 2. SCOPE This technical standard provides background information and the SA Power Networks distribution specification for the Engineers, certified Inspectors, customers and electrical installation personnel who are engaged in the activities with testing, maintenance and inspection of SA Power Networks distribution network. This document should be read in conjunction with other relevant network customer information brochures i.e. NICC 404 Information on Contractor Access & Working in the vicinity of the Electricity Network, NICC 401 Information on Network Design & Installation by an External Contractor, TS105 Testing Standard Appendix A - Forms and should also consider the references supplied in clause 3 of this document. This technical standard is available via: DaNM/DES Intranet website; and SA Power Networks Internet website: www.sapowernetworks.com.au The use of this document is subject to the disclaimer on SA Power Networks website: www.sapowernetworks.com.au for further assistance and more information concerning this technical standard please contact the relevant SA Power Networks Manager described in clause 4 in this document.

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PURPOSE This Technical Standard specifies the standard testing methodology for underground and overhead SA Power Networks distribution networks. The guidelines mentioned in this document are applicable to any existing, new extension, repair or replacement work carried out that will be a component of SA Power Networks. The standard testing techniques will assist in determining the cable performance to prove that the circuit is safe to energise or commission.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

3.

REFERENCES AS/NZS 1026:2004: Electric Cables - Impregnated paper insulated - For working voltages up to and including 19/33 (36) kV; AS/NZS 3008.1.1:1998: Electrical Installations - Selection of cables - Cables for alternating voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kV - Typical Australian installation conditions; AS/NZS 3000:2007: Electrical Installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules); ESAA Guidelines for Safe Access to Electrical and Mechanical Apparatus; SA Power Networks Network Directives Manual; SA Power Networks Substation Instruction 3.1; SA Power Networks Switching Manual; SA Power Networks Standard Terms & Conditions; Information on Application for Network Access; NICC 404 - Information on Contractor Access & Working in the vicinity of the Electricity Network; NICC 401 - Information on Network Design & Installation by an External Contractor; Regulations under the Electricity Act 1996; Service & Installation Rules 2009; S.A. Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Act 1986; S.A. Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations, 1995; and TS 105 - Testing Standard Appendix A Forms.
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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

4.

DEFINITIONS Applicant - Person applying for access to the SA Power Networks network. ASO - Authorised Switching Officer A person authorised to issue NAPs. SA Power Networks - SA Power Networks means Distribution Lessor Corporation subject to a two hundred year lease to the partnership of companies trading as SA Power Networks or SA Power Networks in its own right. SA Power Networks, ABN 13 332 330 749, a partnership of Spark Infrastructure SA (No.1) Pty Ltd, ABN 54 091 142 380 Spark Infrastructure SA (No.2) Pty Ltd, ABN 19 091 143 038 Spark Infrastructure SA (No.3) Pty Ltd, ABN 50 091 142 362 each incorporated in Australia CKI Utilities Development Limited, ABN 65 090 718 880 PAI Utilities Development Limited, ABN 82 090 718 951 each incorporated in The Bahamas
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1 Anzac Highway, Keswick, South Australia, 5035. SA Power Networks' Manager - The SA Power Networks' Manager or the authorised Officer serving that area of the customers installation. For specific Asset Manager Areas and their contact details please refer to SA Power Networks internet website www.sapowernetworks.com.au and then either under Residential Services or Business & Government tabs, browse for Service & Installation Rules and check in Section 3, clause 3.0 & 3.1. Must - is to be understood as mandatory. NAO - Network Access Officer. NAP - Network Access Permit. NAR - Network Access Request. Power line means a set of cables for the transmission or distribution of electricity and their supporting structures and equipment; and associated equipment for the transmission or distribution of electricity Responsible Officer - means the officer appointed by the relevant SA Power Networks Manager to be responsible for the application of this document. There may be multiple Responsible Officers with specific responsibilities, e.g. negotiation for supply, provision of transformers, specification of points of supply, types of supply, servicing and metering. Shall - is to be understood as mandatory. Should - is to be understood as nonmandatory, i.e. advisory or recommended. Suitable (or suitably) - means to the satisfaction of the relevant SA Power Networks Manager.
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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

5.

Isolating and earthing requirements for cables connected to transformers and switching devices are contained in the Switching Operators Handbook. During single phase switching, Ferro resonance conditions can be avoided in loaded cable circuits by switching at the transformer location. The test work area shall be defined with a red tape barrier and warning signs. High Voltage commissioning tests on new URD cables shall be performed without connection to other equipment. All tests shall be performed on individual sections of HV cable. Separate sections of HV cable shall not be connected in series and tested as a whole. All test results shall be recorded in accordance with TS-105 - Testing Standard Appendix-A - Forms. All low and high voltage cables must have the point of destination clearly labelled at both ends. As an example: Low voltage isolator: High voltage switch: Destination is the lot number and street name for the first service pillar. LB1 to transformer e.g. LB1 to LB1 - TC xxxxxx

Refer to E-1943 Sheet 7.11 for cable naming and labelling details. The basis for any numbering sequence for any electrical equipment is to look at the equipment from the kerb and circuit one is on the left side of the equipment and any identification sequence is undertaken in a clockwise direction. For example for a three way pillar the incoming low voltage circuit as shown on the plan on the left side is circuit one the centre circuit is two and the right side circuit is three. The cable destination needs to also reflect the FINAL destination.

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GENERAL This Instruction is applicable to any new extension or repair and replacement work. The purpose of performing cable tests is to prove that the circuit is safe to energise or commission. Cable testing does not necessarily indicate the condition or remaining life of a circuit.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

6.

6.1.1 Insulation Resistance Cables shall be tested for insulation resistance with an insulation tester (i.e. Megger) at 1000 Volts for 1 minute. The minimum insulation resistance to earth or between phases shall be 100 meg-ohms. The instrument used for this measurement shall have a minimum resolution of 10 meg-ohms on the 0 to 500 meg-ohm range. At the conclusion of LV insulation resistance testing, the neutrals must be connected to the earth stakes. 6.1.2 Phasing Test The correct phasing of all LV circuits shall be checked at all positions where the LV cables are terminated into fuse bases and where any LV cable is run from point to point. This test shall be performed with an instrument designed for the purpose. Mains frequency voltage of 240 Volts is not acceptable for this test. The neutral conductor shall be connected to the earth stake for this test. 6.1.3 Continuity Test (Resistance of Bolted Connections) For loop LV UD systems, a continuity test shall be carried out on each LV circuit to ensure that all bolted connections are complete and adequate. The test shall be carried out as follows: At the transformer firmly bond all 4 conductors together; and Undertake a continuity test at every point where there is a service provision or open point. In a fused service pillar the bottom row of fuses bases must be the point at which the test is undertaken as that is the furthest extent of the SA Power Networks network. The difference between the readings of each phase conductor and the neutral for each individual test shall not be greater than 10% of each other. Any difference in reading greater than this may indicate a loose or dirty connection and will require further investigation. The instrument used for this measurement should have a resolution to the second decimal point in the 0 to 5 ohm range. A typical instrument would be the earth Megger type and taking into account the resistance values of the test leads.

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UNDERGROUND TESTING 6.1 Low Voltage XLPE Distribution Cables The low voltage cables must be tested in the following sequence:

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

In difficult earthing locations, alternative configurations may be utilised with agreement from the relevant SA Power Networks Manager, as detailed in TS-109 (currently in DRAFT format and to be issued shortly). CMEN Areas In any overhead or underground network the overall resistance to earth shall be less than 1 ohm prior to connection to the existing network. 6.2 Public Lighting Cable Circuits 6.2.1 Insulation Resistance Testing The insulation resistance of public lighting circuits, including columns wired on site, shall be tested in accordance with clause 6.1.1 above. 6.2.2 Polarity Checking A visual check at each end of public lighting circuits shall be carried prior to commissioning. 6.2.3 Electrical Testing The earth and neutral are to be left disconnected at the point of supply. The earth and neutral are to be individually meggered at 250 Volts. The neutral and earth can be bolted up if testing is satisfactory. Check the active by meggering the active back to the point of supply. Check the P/L column and assembly. Apply 250 Volts to the load side of the fuses at the column. Different types and sizes of luminaries have different characteristics. Any variation from the normal consistent readings for the same type of luminarie indicates a problem in the connection or PL fitting. Any reading that is greater then this may indicate an open circuit problem. Any reading that is lower then this may indicate a fault on the load side of the fuse. On completion the active conductor should be well clear of any metal components in the column.

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6.1.4 Earth Resistance Test MEN Areas In any overhead or underground network the earth resistance at any point along the length of a LV feeder is to have a maximum resistance of 10 ohms prior to connection to the existing network.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

6.3

6.3.1 Phasing Test The correct phasing of all HV circuits shall be checked at all positions where the HV cables have been terminated. This test shall be performed with an instrument designed for the purpose. 240 Volt mains frequency is not acceptable for the performance of this test. The test may be conducted on either the wire screens or the aluminium conductors. Where the test is performed on the wire screens, they shall be disconnected from earth. 6.3.2 Outer Sheath Insulation Resistance (Screen Wire Test) The purpose of the test is to determine soundness of the outer polyethylene sheath against water ingress, mechanical damage and termite attack. Values below 0.5 meg-ohms (500 k) can indicate sheath damage. Values between 1.0 and 10 meg-ohms may not indicate damage in a single location. Fault finding can often be very difficult. In new cables, a value of greater than 100 meg-ohms is required. The integrity of the outer sheath shall be checked after cables have been buried by an insulation tester (Megger) at 1000 Volts. The test shall be conducted for 1 minute between each wire screen and earth after the cable has been jointed and terminations installed. For cables after repairs, the resistance must not be less than 10 megohms. Where HV cable circuits are cut and joined to new circuits, sheath testing must be carried out on the existing old circuit prior to jointing to the new cable.

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11 kV and 33 kV XLPE Cables Including CBD Cables New cables shall be tested individually, i.e. one phase at a time and one section at a time.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

6.3.3 HV Test on XLPE Cables already in Service or Previously Energised

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Except for new cables, testing at voltages greater than 5.0 kV is not permitted; DC testing above 5kV of field aged XLPE cables generally increases water tree growth and reduces service life; and 5kV is not considered a High Voltage DC Test. The test voltages for conducting tests on XLPE cables is now limited to 5kV after in service repairs and 10kV for new installations. A 5kV Megger is suitable for a 5kV test on cables after repairs.
Application After repairs Sheath After repairs Insulation Test Voltage 1kV Megger 1 minute 5kV Megger 1 minute
or 5kV DC 1 minute

Criteria 10 meg-ohms min. 1000 meg-ohms min. 5.0 A (micro-amps) max.

6.3.4 HV Test on New XLPE Cable Prior to the performance of this test, the screen wires must be connected to the permanent earth position. The cable shall be tested at the test voltage and the pass criteria shall be in accordance with the following table:
Application New cables - Sheath Test Voltage 1kV Megger 1 minute Criteria 100 meg-ohms

1.0 A (micro-amps) New cables - Insulation 10kV DC 15 minute; or 10kV Megger 1 minute Max. 1000 meg-ohms min.

Note: A new cable installation is one not previously connected and energised to any existing network asset. If further repair works are undertaken, and they require additional joints to be installed, the complete HV testing procedure shall be repeated.

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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

The following list of circumstances and conditions must be met as a minimum requirement: The work conditions shall be emergency or as determined by SA Power Networks Project Manager; The cable circuit voltage shall be 11kV; The circuit outage duration shall be not more than 48 hours; The work shall involve extending or repairs to existing circuits; The insulation test shall be applied for 1 minute between each phase core and screen with a 1000 Volt minimum insulation tester (Megger); and Typically the test result should be in the order of 1000 meg-ohms. 6.4 Paper Insulated Cables 6.4.1 General Tests on paper insulated cable systems shall be performed after new installations, extensions or repairs. Many CBD high voltage cable circuits are connected to older style equipment and therefore test voltages are purposely reduced from those in Australian Standard AS1026. 6.4.2 Tests on LV Cables An insulation resistance test shall be conducted with a 1000 Volt megger. Test results as low as 10 meg-ohms on old cable circuits are common and therefore considered safe to energise.

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6.3.5 Alternative HV Test Requirement on Insulation for 11kV Cables Where it is not practical to conduct a high voltage test, the test requirements for insulation (core to screen wire) may be limited to testing for the condition of safe to energise.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

Application 11kV new cables 11kV after repairs 33kV - no TFs connected 33kV - with TFs connected

Test Voltage 5kV Megger 1 minute 5kV Megger 1 minute 5kV Megger 1 minute 5kV Megger 1 minute

Criteria 1000 meg-ohms 100 meg-ohms 1000 meg-ohms 15 meg-ohms

6.5

66kV Oil Filled Cables 6.5.1 Core to Sheath Test after Repairs After repairs have been carried out on 66kV single core oil filled cables, a DC test shall be applied between the conductor core and metallic sheath (earthed). The test voltage shall be 60kV DC for 15 minutes. The cable shall be considered safe to energise if the test voltage is maintained without failure for the duration of the test. The leakage current at the end of the test shall be recorded. 6.5.2 Outer Sheath Integrity Test An insulation resistance test between the aluminium sheath and earth shall be conducted. Where the cable construction includes an anti-termite metallic barrier, that barrier shall be connected to the aluminium sheath and the insulation test performed to earth. The test voltage applied for 1 minute shall be 5kV DC applied with either a high voltage test set or insulation resistance tester (Megger).

6.6

66kV XLPE Cables 6.6.1 Safety Careful attention to safety procedures must be carried out. Rope barriers and warning signs are particularly important when testing 66kV cable circuits. 6.6.2 Core to Sheath Test after Repairs After repairs have been carried out, the 66kV XLPE cable shall be energised at power frequency for 24 hours without load. DC testing is not permitted. The cable sheath link box/cross bonding system shall be put into its normal condition.

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6.4.3 Test on 11KV and 33kV Cables between Cores and Earth For three core belted cables, the test on any core shall be conducted between the core and lead sheath with the remaining two cores connected to earth. The test voltages and pass criteria shall be in accordance with the table below.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

The test voltage applied for 1 minute shall be 5kV DC applied with either a high voltage test set or insulation resistance tester (Megger). 6.7 Cable Identification Testing Whenever any work is performed on cables that are installed in an SA Power Networks transformer or switching cubicle the relevant personnel will undertake the following in accordance with the current Network Access Procedure: Locate the labelling at each end of each cable and note what is recorded on the label; If the labels match and identify each cable as being the same phase, proceed to step 2; If the labels do not match, all cables MUST be traced and the correct identification confirmed; All cables are to be proved dead and earthed before continuing with the testing; Perform a phase identity test; Perform a screen to earth and screen to core test for high voltage cables and a Megger test for low voltage cables in accordance with clause 6.0 of this standard; The test results will be written up on the relevant forms in TS-105 Appendix A, F-34 (HV) / F-31 (LV) in duplicate; and If cable test results on the existing cable/s are unsatisfactory, then the damage to the cable/s is to be identified & repaired. The Contractors NAP will be withheld until the damaged cable/s is rectified, then reissued when satisfactory cable test results are available.

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6.6.3 Outer Sheath Integrity Test An insulation resistance test between the metallic sheath and earth shall be conducted. The anti-termite barrier must be connected to the metallic sheath and the insulation test performed to earth.

TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks In the event that the cable identification tests are performed as a Request for Network Access (NAR) then:
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The original of the test results will be supplied to the contractor along with the NAP at the site handover; and The cables to be worked on for the period of the contractors access will be earthed. It will be the contractors responsibility to arrange for earths to be removed and cables disconnected at both ends for the purpose of cable testing. The contractor MUST be present for the site handover of any SA Power Networks assets. 6.8 Network Access Permits To assist in the delivery of work associated with Network Access Permits (NAP) for contestable work it is in the contractors interests to submit the request at the earliest opportunity. If the date is tentative only, state that. If the date needs to be changed the Network Access Officer (NAO) has the opportunity to log and process the request and it is in the system for scoping and costing. With the preliminary work completed it should improve on-site delivery of the request at the time it is needed. The following must be undertaken by the SA Power Networks Switching Officer (ASO) at the time of the asset handover: Install all the required tags and earths on isolated equipment; Clearly record all the Isolation & Earthing points on the Network Access Permit; Fully explain the extent of the switching and isolation that has taken place to the Contractor receiving the access, i.e. where the nearest live / open points are located; and Hand over a copy of the Work Party Responsibilities and one page summary sheets when issuing the Network Access Permit. The Contractor accepts the Network Access Permit on the understanding that full knowledge of the asset condition has been relayed. The Contractor should only accept the Network Access Permit with a full understanding of the on-site SA Power Networks network status.

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TS-105 Technical Standard for Testing Underground & Overhead Networks

7.

Any cores not being tested are to be earthed including the neutral. Ensure neutral bond is still re-connected at the completion of testing. 7.2 Buried SWER Earthing Cable Circuits A visual check of cable connections is only required prior to the reinstatement of trenching. Refer to E1451 and E1453 for construction details. 11kV and 33kV Covered Conductor and 11kV IUC 7.3.1 General A conductor covering insulation test is not required. 7.3.2 Phasing Test HV covered conductors shall be tested for correct phasing in accordance with existing procedures for bare conductor systems. New and repaired HV ABC circuits shall be tested (Meggered) for insulation resistance prior to commissioning to prove safe to energise and confirm that all earths have been removed.

7.3

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OVERHEAD TESTING 7.1 LV ABC New LV ABC circuits shall be tested (Meggered) for insulation resistance between cores and earth prior to commissioning to prove safe to energise. Confirm that all working earths have been removed.