Section A

Answer all questions in this section.

1. A students determined the thickness of 20 pieces of A4 paper by using the measuring instruments as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 (a) What is meant by the sensitivity of a measuring instrument? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ __ [1 mark] (b)Compare instruments P and Q and hence state which instrument is more sensitive. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ __ [2 marks] (c) Given that the thickness measured using instrument Q was found to be 1.42 cm, calculate the thickness of a piece of A4 paper in mm.

[2 marks]
1

(d)Suggest a more suitable measuring instrument that can be found in the school laboratory, which can be used to determine the thickness of a piece of paper. _______________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]

2. Figure 2 shows a student standing on a stationary trolley. He than jumps off the trolley onto a platform. The trolley moves away from the platform as he jumps.

Figure 2

(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the trolley as the student jumps onto the platform. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (b)Explain why the trolley moves away from the platform as the student jumps. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ___
2

[2 marks] (c) The mass of the student is 60 kg and he jumps at a velocity of 3 ms 1 . The mass of the trolley is 20 kg. Calculate the velocity of the trolley as he jumps.

[2 marks] (d)Name one application of the physics principle stated in 2(a) in the exploration of outer space. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]

3. Figure 3.1 shows that arrangement of apparatus in an experiment to determine the relationship between the extension, x of a spring, S with force, F. The relationship of x and F is shown in the graph in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

A law states that : The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to stretch it if the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.

(a) Name the law. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (b)Mark with cross (X) on the graph in Figure 3.2 to indicate the elastic limit of the spring. [1 mark] (c) The spring stores energy when it is extended. Calculate the energy stored in the spring when it is extended by 8 cm.

[2 marks] (d)Another spring identical to spring S is added to arrangement as in Figure 3.3. The experiment is then repeated.

Figure 3.3

Sketch the graph of x against F, up to the elastic limit, for this experiment in Figure 3.2. [2 marks]

4. Figure 4 shows a wooden block, with dimensions 30 cm x 40 cm x 70 cm, floating in a tank of water with 20 cm of its vertical length above the water surface. [Density of water = 1000 kg m-3]

Figure 4 (a) Name two forces that are acting on the block. Force ______________________________________________________________ Force ______________________________________________________________ 1: 2:

[2 marks] (b)State the relationship between the two forces in 4(a).

5

____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (c) State the principle involved in this situation. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (d)Calculate the weight of the wooden block.

[2 marks] 5. Figure 5 shows a manometer used to measure the pressure of gas supply.

Figure 5

(a) Using the diagram above, determine the gas pressure (atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg) in (i) cm Hg as shown by the manometer.

[2 mark] (ii) Pascal (density of mercury is 13600 kgm-3).

[2 mark] (b)State what changes, if any, to the height of the liquid used if (i) The manometer tube is broader. _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (ii) A liquid denser than mercury is used in the manometer. _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (c) If the density of water is 1000 kgm -3 explain why water is not used in a manometer. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]

6. Figure 6 shows a hydraulic system.

7

Figure 6

The areas of piston A and piston B are 2.0 m2 and 15.0 m2 respectively. A group of weights with total mass of 50 kg is placed on top of piston A. (a) Calculate: (i) The pressure of weight on piston A

[2 marks] (ii) The pressure which is exerted on piston B

[2 marks] (iii) The force acting on piston B

[2 marks] (b)If piston A moves down by 30 cm, calculate the distance moves up by piston B.

[2 marks] (c) (i) Suggest one liquid suitable to be used in the hydraulic system above. _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (iii) Give one reason.

_________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]

7. Figure 7 shows the change of phase when 1 kg of water at 80 C in converted to ice at -50 C.

Figure 7

A, B, and C are the heat energies released during the cooling process. (a) Name the heat energy, B which is released. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (b)Give one reason why the temperature at process B remains constant even though heat is released. ____________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (c) (i) Calculate the heat energy, A released. [Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4200 Jkg-1C-1]

[2 marks]

(iii)

Calculate the heat energy, C released. [Specific heat capacity of ice, c = 2100

Jkg-1C-1]

10

[2 marks]

(iv)

Calculate the total heat energy released during the cooling process. [Specific latent heat of fusion = 3.36 x 105 Jkg-1]

[4 marks] (d)Sketch the graph of temperature against time for Figure 7 to show the change of phase from A to C. [2 marks]

8. Figure 8 shows gases of the same mass trapped inside two glass tubes. The mercury columns on top of the gases are 4 cm and 12 cm respectively. Atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg. The temperature both glass tube are kept constant.

11

Figure 8

(a) (i) What is the gas pressure in cm Hg in Figure 8(a)? _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (ii) What is the gas pressure in cm Hg in Figure 8(b)? __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b)(i) If the length of the gas trapped in Figure 8(a) is 5cm, calculate the length of gas trapped in Figure 8(b).

[2 marks]
12

(ii) Name the gas law used in the calculation of l in (b)(i) __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (c) Based on Figure 8(b) state the changes, if any on the quantities below: (i) Average velocity of the molecules: _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark] (ii) Number of molecules per unit volume: _________________________________________________________________ _ [1 mark]

Section B
Answer all questions.

9. (a) (i) What is meant by atmospheric pressure? [1 mark] (ii) Figure 9(a) and 9 (b) show a barometer used to measure atmospheric pressure and gas pressure of gas trapped in the glass tube.

13

Figure 9

Compare the height of mercury level in both diagram. State the atmospheric pressure and the gas pressure in Nm-2. [gh = 13600 kgm3 , g = 10 ms-2] [4 marks]

(b) Table 1 shows the characteristics of liquid X, Y, W, and Z. Explain the suitability of the liquid to be used in a barometer. Choose the best liquid and explains the reasons.

Liquid/ Characteristi cs X Y W Z

Density /kgm-3

Boiling point/C

Stick to glass wall

Colour

1600 1000 8000 10000

120 100 530 400

Yes No Yes No

Opaque Transparen t Transparen t Opaque

14

[10 marks] (c) Given the density of mercury is 13 600 kgm-3 and atmospheric pressure is 103 360 Nm-2 find the gas pressure in the following diagram. Describe the effect on the manometer if mercury is replaced with water. [5 marks]

Section C
Answer all questions.

10.

(a) (i) What is meant by specific latent heat of fusion? [2 marks]

(ii) Explain why someone feels cool when a nurse applied some alcohol solution on the skin before injection. [4marks] (b) A solid substance X, of mass 100 g, is heated using an immersion heater of 200W.

Figure 10
15

Figure 11 shows the heating curve of the solid.

Figure 11

Based on the diagram above, calculate: (i) the specific latent heat of fusion of the substance. (ii) the specific heat capacity of the substance in liquid state. (iii) state one assumption when calculating (i) and (ii) above. [6 marks] (c) You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material in a car engine radiator. Explain the suitability of each feature and then determine the most suitable car engine coolant to be used. Give a reason for your choice. [8 marks] Material Specific Heat Capacity/Jkg1 C-1 700 4000 2000 1500 Boiling point/C 85 100 60 110 Density/ kgm-3

A B C D

12000 1000 6000 9000

16

There are admirable potentialities in every human being. Believe in your strength and your truth. Learn to repeat endlessly to yourself. "It all depends on me." (Andre Gide) Prepared by: ____________________ (Miss Azdarwina Md Yusop)

17