Transportation

TRANSPORTATION
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
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Contents
Articles
Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines) 1 4 4 6 9 10 19 23 23 26 27 32 48 48 52 53
LAND TRANSPORTATION
Land Transportation Office (Philippines) Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines) Light Rail Transit Authority Philippine National Railways Metro Rail Transit Corporation
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines) Mactan-Cebu International Airport Ninoy Aquino International Airport
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Philippine Coast Guard Maritime Industry Authority (Philippines) Philippine Ports Authority
References
Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 55 56
Article Licenses
License 57
Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)

Department of Transportation and Communications Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon
Department overview Formed Superseding agency Headquarters Annual budget January 23, 1899 Transportations and Communications The Columbia Tower, Ortigas Avenue, Wack-Wack, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila P 32.7 Billion (2013)
[1]
Department executive Joseph Emilio Aguinaldo Abaya, Secretary of the Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.dotc.gov.ph
[2]
The Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, and dependable transportation and communications systems as effective instruments for national recovery and economic progress. The department is responsible for the country's land, air, sea and communications infrastructure.
History
Beginnings
On July 28, 1979, the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), headed by Minister Jose P. Dans Jr. was created pursuant to Executive Order No. 546. Under this Executive Order, the Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (MPWTC) was divided into two separate ministries: The Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) and the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH). The MOTC became the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and administrative entity of the executive branch of the government in the promotion, development and regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation and communication systems. The infrastructure projects undertaken during this period included: Light Rail Transit System Computer-Controlled Traffic Lights System
Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines) Manila International Airport now Ninoy Aquino International Airport Central Post Offices in Makati, Caloocan, Quezon City, and San Juan It was also during this period that the motor vehicle registration and control was improved with the introduction of permanent vehicle license plates and the staggered registration system. The operations of both the Philippine National Railways and the Metro Manila Transit Corporation were improved and expanded. A bus leasing program provided an additional 1,000 new buses in Metro Manila. At the same time, the Manila south line of PNR serving the Bicol region was rehabilitated. On January 22, 2008, DOTC celebrated its 109th anniversary.[3]
Post-EDSA 1986
On February 26, 1986, just after the 1986 EDSA Revolution Congressman Hernando B. Perez was appointed Minister of the MOTC by President Corazon C. Aquino. In March 1987, technocrat Rainerio O. Reyes, was appointed Minister of MOTC. Immediately after, the MOTC was reorganized pursuant to Executive Order Nos. 125, and 125-A. With these Executive Orders, the MOTC was made into a Department, under the Executive branch of the Government. Under Secretary Reyes, the quasi-judicial functions of the Department were transferred to the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, which was created through Executive Order No. 202.
Under Fidel V. Ramos

Jesus B. Garcia was appointed Secretary of the DOTC by President Fidel V. Ramos. Under Garcia, new entrants were allowed in the landline and cellular phone services, dilapidated taxi cabs were also phased out in favor of brand new and late model units.
At Present
At present, the DOTC is expected to pursue numerous projects as part of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's thrust of improving and expanding the country's infrastructure to promote tourism and investment, as outlined in her 2006 State of the Nation Address.
Future State of DOTC

Bills in the Philippine Congress were filed creating a new executive department named Department of Information and Communications Technology. As proposed in the bill, it will inherit the agencies Information Technology, Electronics and Communications Council (ITECC), National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), Telecommunications Office (TelOf), National Printing Office (NPO), Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB), Optical Media Board (OMB), government corporations Philippine Postal Office (PhilPost), National Broadcasting Network (NBN-4), Radio Philippines Network (RPN-9), Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC-13), Philippine Broadcasting Service (PBS-Radyo ng Bayan). Due to the absence of an enabling law, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo created the Commission on Information and Communications Technology absorbing the ITECC, NTC, PhilPOST and TelOf.
Attached Agencies of DOTC

Land Transportation Office (LTO) Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) Philippine National Railways (PNR) Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) Metro Rail Transit Corporation Though MRTC is not under the government, the DOTC supervises the operation of the MRT-3 (MRTC) Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA-NAIA) Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA) Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) Office for Transportation Security (OTS) Cebu Ports Authority (CPA)
References
[2] http:/ / www. dotc. gov. ph [3] mb.com.ph, Department of Transportation and Communications 109th anniversary (http:/ / www. mb. com. ph/ OPED20080123115123. html)
External links
Department of Transportation and Communications official website (http://www.dotc.gov.ph)
LAND TRANSPORTATION
Land Transportation Office (Philippines)
Land Transportation Office Tanggapan ng Transportasyong-Lupa
Agency overview Formed June 20, 1964
Superseding agency Land Transportation Headquarters Agency executive Parent Agency East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City Virginia P. Torres, Assistant Secretary Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.lto.gov.ph
[1]
The Philippines' Land Transportation Office (Filipino: Tanggapan ng Transportasyong-Lupa), abbreviated as LTO, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and Communications responsible for optimizing the land transportation service and facilities and to effectively implement the various transportation laws, rules and regulations.[2]
History
In order to regulate and provide regulation and licensing of operators for motor vehicles in the Philippines then, Act No. 2159 was enacted in 1912. This was the first formal law on land transportation in the country. It created the Automobile Section under the Administrative Division of the Bureau of Public Works.[3] In 1926, Act No. 3045 compiled and incorporated all laws governing motor vehicles. The Automobile Section was upgraded to the Automobile Division but still under the supervision of the Bureau of Public Works. Act No. 3992 (Revised Motor Vehicle Law) was enacted in 1933, amending Act No. 3045. The Automobile Division was renamed Division of Motor Vehicles. In 1945, the Department of Public Works and Highways issued Department Order No. 4 for the reorganization of the Division. It took effect after the liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese invasion. Executive Order No. 94 was promulgated in 1947, reorganizing the different executive departments, bureaus and offices. Under Section 82 of E.O. 94, the Division of Motor Vehicles was upgraded into the Motor Vehicles Office (MVO) with the category of the Bureau. However, the Motor Vehicle Office was abolished in 1964 by Republic Act No. 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code).[4] Executive Order No. 546 was promulgated in 1979, creating the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC). The Land Transportation Commission was renamed into Bureau of Land Transportation and was absorbed by said ministry. The creation of the Board of Transportation and the Bureau of Land Transportation was nullified in 1985 by Executive Order 1011. The E.O. established the Land Transportation Commission, which was tasked to perform functions such as registering motor vehicles, licensing of drivers and conductors, franchising of public utility vehicles and enforcing land transportation rules and regulations.
Land Transportation Office (Philippines)
The Land Transportation Commission was abolished in 1987, and two offices were created, namely the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). The LTO took over the functions of the former BLT while the LTFRB took over the functions of the BOT. The MOTC was likewise renamed as the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC).[5]
References
[1] http:/ / www. lto. gov. ph
Land Transportation Office, Pampanga Provincial Capitol Office.
[2] Philippines Travel Guide - Jens Peters Publications (http:/ / www. jenspeters. de/ internet_eng/ mixedlinks/ mixedlinks. html#a_wor_3) [3] LTO History (http:/ / www. lto. gov. ph/ history. html) [4] Passage of RA 4136 (http:/ / web. kssp. upd. edu. ph/ eis/ 2005-02-11/ bolinao_jose_history. doc) [5] Department of Transportation and Communications (http:/ / www. dotc. gov. ph)
External links
Land Transportation Office Philippines website (http://www.lto.gov.ph)
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board Lupon sa Pagpaprangkisa at Regulasyon ng Transportasyong-Lupa
Agency overview Formed November 17, 1902
Superseding agency Public Transport Vehicles Headquarters Agency executive Parent Agency East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City Winston M. Ginez, Chairman Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.ltfrb.gov.ph
[1]
The Philippines' Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Filipino: Lupon sa Pagpaprangkisa at Regulasyon ng Transportasyong-Lupa), abbreviated as LTFRB, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and Communications responsible for promulgating, administering, enforcing, and monitoring compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of public land transportation services.
History
The regulatory land transportation dates back to the early 1900s. The LTFRB therefore, is a product of a series of transformations. The evolutionary progression runs as thus: Coastwise Rate Commission November 17, 1902 Supervising Railway Expert June 29, 1906 Board of Public Utility Commissioners December 19, 1913 Public Utilities Commission March 9, 1917 Public Service Commission - 1926 Specialized Regulatory Boards, specifically the Division of Land Transportation - 1972 Board of Transportation - 1979 Land Transportation Commission - 1985 Land Transportation Franchising & Regulatory Board - 1987
Functions
The Board shall have the following powers and functions: 1. To prescribe and regulate routes of service, economically viable capacities and zones or areas of operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles in accordance with the public land transportation development plans and programs approved by the Department of Transportation and Communications ; 2. To issue, amend, revise, suspend or cancel Certificates of Public Convenience or permits authorizing the operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles, and to prescribe the appropriate terms and conditions therefore; 3. To determine, prescribe and approve and periodically review and adjust, reasonable fares, rates and other related charges, relative to the operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles; 4. To issue preliminary or permanent injunction, whether prohibitory or mandatory, in all cases in which it has jurisdiction, and in which cases the pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court shall apply; 5. To punish for contempt of the Board, both direct and indirect, in accordance with the pertinent provisions of, and the penalties prescribed by, the Rules of Court; 6. To issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum and summon witnesses to appear in any proceedings of the Board, to administer oaths and affirmations; 7. To conduct investigations and hearings of complaints for violation of the public service laws on land transportation and of the Board's rules and regulations, orders, decisions and/or rulings and to impose fines and/or penalties for such violations; 8. To review motu proprio the decisions/actions of the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Office herein created; 9. To promulgate rules and regulations governing proceedings before the Board and the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Office: Provided, That except with respect to paragraphs d, e, f and g hereof, the rules of procedure and evidence prevailing in the courts of laws should not be controlling and it is the spirit and intention of said rules that the Board and the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Offices shall use every and all reasonable means to ascertain facts in its case speedily and objectively and without regard to technicalities of law and procedures, all in the interest of due process; 10. To fix, impose and collect, and periodically review and adjust, reasonable fees and other related charges for services rendered; 11. To formulate, promulgate, administer, implement and enforce rules and regulations on land transportation public utilities, standards of measurements and/or design, and rules and regulations requiring operators of any public land transportation service to equip, install and provide in their utilities and in their stations such devices, equipment facilities and operating procedures and techniques as may promote safety, protection, comfort and convenience to persons and property in their charges as well as the safety of persons and property within their areas of operations; 12. To coordinate and cooperate with other government agencies and entities concerned with any aspect involving public land transportation services with the end in view of effecting continuing improvement of such services; and 13. To perform such other functions and duties as may be provided by law, or as may be necessary, or proper or incidental to the purposes and objectives of this Executive Order.
References
[1] http:/ / www. ltfrb. gov. ph
External links
LTFRB Homepage (http://www.ltfrb.gov.ph)
Light Rail Transit Authority

Type Industry Founded
State-owned Public transport Philippines (12 July 1980)
Headquarters Pasay City, Philippines Key people Revenue Employees Website Atty. Rafael S. Rodriguez [1] , Administrator
PHP 5,664,808 per regular day 1,707 of which 43 are permanent/regular employees, 1,586 contractual personnel and 78 contract of services employees www.lrta.gov.ph [2]
The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) is a public transport operator that is in charge of operating and maintaining the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Founded on July 12, 1980, it is also responsible for monitoring the progress of construction of all LRTA lines. Currently it is not directly, however, in charge of the upkeep of the Manila Metro Rail Transit System, or MRT-3, of which those duties are relegated to the Metro Rail Transit Corporation, a private enterprise, under MRT-3's Build-Operate-Transfer agreement. Yet this line's operations is possible to be transferred to this agency this 2011. As of January 13, 2010, the chief of LRTA took over as OIC of MRT-3.[3] Although it has the naming format of a government agency, the LRTA is organized as a government-owned and/or controlled corporation under the Department of Transportation and Communications as an attached agency.
References
[1] http:/ / www. lrta. gov. ph/ the_administrator. htm [2] http:/ / www. lrta. gov. ph [3] LRTA chief takes over MRT-3 (http:/ / www. bworldonline. com/ content. php?title=LRT chief takes over MRT line& id=24398), BusinessWorld, January 13, 2011
External links
Light Rail Transit Authority (http://www.lrta.gov.ph)
Philippine National Railways
10

Philippine National Railways Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas
A Hyundai Rotem DMU set currently used by the PNR for Commex runs Overview Type Passenger Train Freight Train Rapid Transit Operational
Philippines
Status Locale Termini Stations Services Daily ridership
Tutuban (Orange and Bicol Line) Muntinlupa (Orange Line), Naga City (Bicol Express) 136 2 (with three spur lines and six future expansion) 60,000-70,000
[1][]
Operation Opened Owner Operator(s) Rolling stock November 24, 1892 Department of Transportation and Communications Department of Transportation and Communications Orange Line (COMMEX): Hyundai Rotem DMU KiHA 52 203-Series EMU Bicol Express: GE U-Series U6B, U10B, U14C, U15C JR Passenger Coaches Isarog Express JR Kogane KiHa 59 Technical Line length Track gauge 1,060km (659mi)
[2] [citation needed]
3ft6in (1,067mm) Cape gauge
Operating speed 60-90 km/h (main line) 80-120 km/h (provincial services)
11
Route map
The Philippine National Railways (Filipino: Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas), or PNR, is a state-owned railway company in the Philippines, operating a single line of track on Luzon. As of 2010, it operates one commuter rail service in Metro Manila and a second in the Bicol Region. PNR restored its intercity service to the Bicol region in 2011. The Bicol Express and Isarog Express run on a daily basis between Manila and Ligao.[3] PNR began operations on November 24, 1892 as the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan, during the Spanish colonial period, and later becoming the Manila Railroad Company (MRR) during the American colonial period. It became the Philippine National Railways on June 20, 1946 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4156. The PNR is an agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications. PNR used to operate over 479km (298mi)[citation needed] of route from La Union up to Bicol. However, continued neglect in past decades reduced PNR's efficiency and railroad coverage. Persistent problems with informal settlers in the 1990s contributed further to PNR's decline.[citation needed] In 2006, Typhoons Milenyo and Reming caused severe damage to the network, resulting in the suspension of the Manila-Bicol services. In 2007 the Philippine government initiated a rehabilitation project aiming to remove informal settlers from the PNR right-of-way, revitalize commuter services in Metro Manila, and restore the Manila-Bicol route as well as lost services in Northern Luzon. In July 2009, PNR unveiled a new corporate identity and inaugurated new rolling stock.
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History
On June 25, 1875, under a royal decree issued by King Alfonso XII of Spain, the required Inspector of Public Works of the Philippine Islands was requested to submit a railway system plan for Luzon. The plan, which was submitted five months later by Don Eduardo Lopez Navarro, was entitled Memoria Sobre el Plan General de Ferrocarriles en la Isla de Luzn, and was promptly approved. A concession for the construction of a railway line from Manila to Dagupan was granted to Don Edmundo Sykes of the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan on June 1, 1887.[]
The Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan which constitutes much of the North Main Line today, began construction in July 1887 with the laying of the cornerstone for Tutuban station. The railway was 195 kilometers (120 miles) long at the time of its opening on November 24, 1892, running from Manila to Dagupan City in Pangasinan. The maiden voyage of the Bicol Express was on September 13, 1931. The track from Dagupan to Legaspi was completely connected on May 8, 1938. Later the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan became the Manila Railway Company.[] It was nationalized and its assets were acquired by the Philippine government, which expanded the rail network, only to have most of those improvements lost during World War II.[] Of the 1,140 route-kilometers (706 miles) before the war, only 452 route-kilometers (280 miles) were operational after it.[] The extensive damage to the system took several years to repair. During the 1950s the Manila Rail Company fleet of trains was converted from steam to diesel engines. The Manila Railway Company was given a new charter under Republic Act No. 4156, and the company changed its name to Philippine National Railways. Natural calamities such as the 1973 and 1975 floods disrupted services and forced the closure of several parts of the main lines. On July 23, 1979, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Executive Order No. 546, which designated the Philippine National Railways as an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications.[] In 1988, during the administration of Corazon Aquino, the North Main Line was closed, with trains unable to reach various provinces in the country. Even the South Rail was also closed due to typhoons and floods, and the eruption of Mayon Volcano in 1993, in which ash flows and lava destroyed the rail line and its facilities. However, jeeps, buses and taxis were popular, and many people are swayed from the present service until 2009. The previous administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was actively pursuing the rehabilitation of the Philippine National Railways through various investments and projects designed to revive Philippine rail transport,[][][] despite the numerous problems involved. Total reconstruction of rail bridges and tracks, including replacement of the current 35-kilogram (77-pound) track with newer 50-kilogram (110-pound) tracks[] and the refurbishing of stations, were part of the rehabilitation and expansion process. The first phase, converting all the lines of the Manila metropolitan area, were completed in 2009.[] On July 14, 2009, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo presided over the launch of the new diesel multiple-units of the Philippine National Railways. As part of its new image, a new brand name, PNR Filtrack was added.[] The San Cristobal bridge in Calamba, Laguna was rebuilt in May, 2011. The Bicol Express train service was inaugurated on June 29, with a maiden voyage between Manila and Naga City plus a return trip back to the terminus on July 1. This inaugural trip was marred by the collapse of the embankment at Malaguico, Sipocot. It was discovered before the train passed through and was repaired. The restored Bicol Express intercity service is offered nowadays on a daily basis, running mostly during night time.
Passengers posing in front of the "Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan" (ca 1885)
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Rolling stock
Four types of rolling stock run on PNR's lines: the locomotives, the Commex express cars, baggage cars and DRC railcars.[] All services were operated by GE Universal Series locomotives and Hyundai Rotem DMUs. There were 14 locomotives, 18 (3 car trains, 6 sets total) Diesel Multiple Units, 2 baggage cars and 8 DRC railcars currently operating.[] Surplus sleeper coaches from Japan Railways were recently acquired by PNR, and were delivered on November 2010. More used rolling stock from Japan Railways was recently acquired by PNR, and arrived in 2011 which included some 203-series EMU, Kiha 52 and Kogane Train (Kiha 59).[citation needed]
Rolling stock General Electric Universal Series locomotives 14 Rail Mounted Crane Hyundai Rotem Diesel multiple units 18 (6 sets) Rail Mounted Crane Baggage cars DRC railcars 8 -
In operation Support equipment
2[citation needed] Rail Mounted Crane 10 tons
Support equipment capacity
.5 tons
30 tons
Operations and services

The PNR currently operates in the Manila metropolitan area and the provinces of Laguna, Quezon, Camarines Sur and Albay. In the past, the PNR also used to serve the provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan and La Union on the North Main Line, and Batangas on the South Main Line.
Passenger services
Philippine National Railways-Commuter Express
Legend
Caloocan
Asistio Avenue
C-3
Tutuban
Solis
LRT-1Blumentritt
Laong Laan
Espaa
14
MRT-2Santa
Mesa
Pasig River
Pandacan
Paco
San Andres
Vito Cruz
Buendia
Pasay Road
MRT-3EDSA
Nichols
FTI
Bicutan
Sucat
Alabang
Muntinlupa
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Commuter Express The Commuter Express (also Metro Commuter),[] commonly called the Commex, serves as the commuter rail service for the Manila metropolitan area, extending as far south as Calamba City, Laguna. The PNR uses GE locomotives hauling Commex passenger cars, as well as newly-procured 18 (3 car trains, 6 sets) Hyundai Rotem DMUs and KiHa 52 for this service. as of now they are also using the EMU 203 series JR Train set from Japan that will be only hauled by a GE locomotive. It already had a commuter test run last April 8, 2012 during 8:05 in the morning(Train 113). (GMT +8) This train test run only ran from Tutuban Terminal and Sucat Station. Commex service using the new DMUs is currently offered between Tutuban and Alabang in Muntinlupa City, while a daily Commex run between Manila and Bian City, Laguna runs using GE locomotives. Currently, Commex trains make 50 daily trips, 25 in each direction.[] Bicol Metro Rail Commuter The Bicol Metro Rail Commuter service is a commuter rail service in the Bicol Region, between stations in Tagkawayan[citation needed], Quezon and Ligao City, Albay, with Naga City in Camarines Sur acting as a central terminus. The service was launched on September 16, 2009, in time for the feast of Our Lady of Peafrancia.[] The trains make seven trips a day, alternating between Tagkawayan, Sipocot, Naga and Ligao as the terminus. All services use commuter coaches hauled by GE locomotives.[citation needed] Bicol Express The PNR has been working for some years on restoring this intercity service. On May 22, 2011, a test run from Tutuban to Naga proved successful.[] Services are set to resume on June 29, 2011, with an inaugural run to Naga from Tutuban.[] A return trip from Naga to Manila was also successful. After this success, Bicol Express was reintroduced on a daily basis. A trip takes approximately 10 hours. The train travels mostly during night-time, leaving Tutuban at 18:30 and arriving Naga at 04:00 next day.[4]
Previously, Commex runs were performed exclusively by PNR GE locomotives.
Now Commex runs are now being performed by the Hyundai Rotem DMU's.
Together with the Hyundai Rotem DMU's Commex runs are also being performed by the Modified EMU's.
The trip designator is Train T-611 for the southbound (MA-NG) and Train T-612 for the northbound (NG-MA). Mayon Limited As of March 16, 2012, anticipating the heavy demand during the Holy Week, another train, the Mayon Limited, leaves Tutuban heading to Ligao. The train runs as Mayon DeLuxe on Monday, Wednesday and
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Friday from Tutuban as train T-713 with three air-conditioned carriages with reclining seats. The train returns from Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday as train T-714 from Ligao. On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays the train runs as Ordinary train (T-815) with non-reclining seats and cooling by fan. The departure as train T-816 is every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The train does not run on Saturdays.[5] The trains meet at Gumaca.[6] The Mayon Limited was hauled alternatively by French Alsthom locomotives and General Electric locomotives,[citation needed] and ran northward from Legaspi railway station up the steep gradient leading to Camalig railway station in the foothills of the Mayon Volcano with another locomotive pushing from the rear. The Manila-Legaspi route was also served by the Mayon Limited service, using the Mayon Limited Special (Train T-577), the fastest and the most modern train of the Philippine National Railways operating on the South Main Line.
At present, Kiha 52 one the primary trains used today.
A PNR Kiha 52 train, at Ligao Station.
Defunct services
Intercity services Although the Southern Luzon Intercity Services is almost completely restored, some of its branch are still in defunct condition such as the Batangas City Intercity and the Legazpi City-Tabaco City intercity railways. Continuous plans and efforts are currently undertaken to restore both services. Northern line intercity that once serviced by Amianan Express and the Dagupan Express has permanently ceased operation. It is envisioned that the Northrail services, although grossly delayed, would be the successor to the defunct lines. Prestige and Peafrancia Express The old Prestige used Japanese-built self-propelled coaches and was the only train not to be hauled by General Electric locomotives.[citation needed] It was frequently the first of the three express trains to arrive. With priority over all other trains on its route, and calling only at Daraga, Ligao, Naga, Lucena, and Paco, it normally arrived in Tutuban railway station, Manila's Grand Central, making it a popular service with businessmen. The 48-seater air-conditioned coaches of the Prestige were somewhat narrower and lower than those built in Madras, which also contributed to the faster run.[citation needed] Express services The PNR also operated several express services. Some of these services were discontinued for financial reasons. The first express service for Luzon was the Baguio Express, which operated from Manila via San Fabian, Pangasinan to Camp One, where the motor vehicles, namely the Stanley and De Dion steamers, of the Benguet Auto Line transport passengers proceeding to Baguio. Another express service was the Ilocos Express, which lasted until the 1980s. This began operating in 1930 and had a dining car with catering provided by the Manila Hotel. Following the
Philippine National Railways modernization program of the Manila Railway Company in 1955, the Ilocos Express featured a 7A class "De Luxe" coach until 1979, when the lack of operable air-conditioned coaches caused a switch to a "Tourist"-class coach. The company also operated the Paniqui Express in the 1930s, but that was eclipsed by the Ilocos Express.[citation needed] The fastest train operated by the PNR on the North Main Line was the Ilocos Special (Train 26) during the 1970s. This DMU train took four hours to run the 195 kilometres between Manila and Dagupan. In addition to these express trains, the PNR introduced the Amianan Day Express (Train 74) in February 1974 and the Amianan Night Express (Train 72), the last train to depart Manila for any destination on both lines. The Amianan Night Express runs faster than its day counterpart, the Amianan Day Express, making the 260-kilometre run to San Fernando City, La Union in five hours. The PNR used to offer freight services, using General Electric U15C 900-series locomotives bought by the company in 1974. There was also a limited mobile hospital service.
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Stations
The Philippine National Railways used to operate two different rail lines, namely the North Main Line and the South Main Line, along with the three spur lines, which served various parts of Luzon with its 138 (once) active stations.
Station layout
All PNR stations were and are presently at-grade, using a side platform layout. Most have only basic amenities, platforms and ticket booths. Rehabilitated stations along the Metro Manila line have been fitted with ramps for passengers using wheelchairs. Several stations have extended platforms, having an upper platform catering to DMU services, and a lower platform for regular locomotive-hauled services.
Buendia railway station in Makati City. The station was rehabilitated as part of Phase 1 of the Northrail-Southrail Linkage Project which began in 2007.
The newly refurbished Pasay Road railway station.
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Plans
Plans to rehabilitate and expand the railway network have been made by various administrations. South Korea and the People's Republic of China have offered to help rehabilitate the Philippine railway system, the former assisting with the rehabilitation and modernization of the South Main Line[] and the latter helping to finance, build, and operate a rationalized North Main Line service[] as well as helping to rehabilitate and modernize the South Main Line.[]
Southrail Project (Conventional Line)

The Korean-funded section covers the Southrail line from Manila to Calamba City, although present funding covers only the Southrail line from Caloocan City to Muntinlupa City,[] which serves as the Green Line-Orange Line connection.[] The Chinese-funded section covers the line from Calamba to Legazpi and further on to Matnog, Sorsogon. The Korean-funded Southrail project was originally expected to cost some US$50million but costs have risen to around $70100million.[] No figures have been released for the Chinese-funded portion of Southrail.
The expanded network of rail transport in the Philippines.
Northrail Project (High Speed Railway)

The Northrail project involved the upgrading of the present-day single track to an elevated dual-track system, converting the rail gauge from narrow gauge to standard gauge, and linking Manila to Malolos City in Bulacan and further on to Angeles City and the Clark Special Economic Zone, as well as Clark International Airport. This project is estimated to cost around US$500million, with China providing some US$400million in concessionary financing, since much of the right-of-way on Northrail will be brand new.[] Construction began in early November 2006.[] and was expected to have been operational in 2010. Due to delays in the construction work, it is currently being renegotiated with the Chinese government. Construction temporarily continued in January 2009 with the support of the North Luzon Railways Corporation. Again, the project was cancelled in March 2011, due to a series of delays, work stoppages, a controversy and anomalies with the foreign contractor.[citation needed] No plans and foreign substitute support (Japan for example) to continue the project. The cancellation of the project was contributed to the arrest and detention of Arroyo from a controversy, the impeachment trial of Chief Justice Renato Corona and questioning funds from the construction company Sinomach.
Citations
Further reading
Uranza, Rogelio. (2002). The Role of Traffic Engineering and Management in Metro Manila [7]. Workshop paper presented in the Regional Workshop: Transport Planning, Demand Management and Air Quality, February 2002, Manila, Philippines. Asian Development Bank (ADB). World Bank (May 23, 2001). Project Appraisal Document for the Metro Manila Urban Transport Integration Project [8]. World Bank. Japan International Cooperation Agency Official Page "Revitalization of Main Line South Project(1989)" http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2000/pdf/02-16.pdf
19
Footnotes
[3] Bicol Express Train (http:/ / www. facebook. com/ media/ set/ ?set=a. 247902085255164. 63724. 247855385259834& type=1), PNR's Facebook page. Retrieved November 4, 2011. [4] "PNR-FB" [7] http:/ / www. cleanairnet. org/ caiasia/ 1412/ articles-37345_tp_20_uranza. pdf [8] http:/ / www-wds. worldbank. org/ external/ default/ WDSContentServer/ WDSP/ IB/ 2001/ 06/ 27/ 000094946_01060804031083/ Rendered/ PDF/ multi0page. pdf
External links
Philippine National Railways (official website) (http://www.pnr.gov.ph) Official Facebook page of Philippine National Railways (http://www.facebook.com/pnrailways) The Railways and Industrial Heritage Society of the Philippines (RIHSPI) (http://www.rihspi.org/) Philippine Railway Historical Society (http://philippinerailwayhistoricalsociety.blogspot.com/) Railroad and ships in the Philippines (http://homepage2.nifty.com/honsyuutetudou/index.htm)
Metro Rail Transit Corporation

The Metro Rail Transit Corporation is a private consortium responsible for the maintenance of the Manila Metro Rail Transit System. It is also the original contractor for the MRT project. It runs the MRT in coordination with the Department of Transportation and Communications.
Formation and Purpose of Metro Rail Transit Corporation

The contract for building and leasing for the EDSA Rail Transit III, Phase I Project was first awarded in 1992 to a consortium of international sponsors headed by Mr Eli Levin, who was involved in installing the first light rail transit system in Manila in the mid-1980s. Mr. Levin incorporated EDSA LRT Corporation Ltd. ("ELCL") in Hong Kong as the initial contractual counterparty to the DOTC. Legal and other problems beset the project through the first quarter of 1995, which were all subsequently resolved with a Supreme Court decision that asserted the validity of the Project. In June 1995, a newly formed consortium of reputable Philippine companies purchased a majority stake in ELCL through EDSA LRT Holdings, Inc. ("ELHI"), a Philippine-registered company. It was also approximately at this same period that the consortium engaged JP Morgan to help organize the financial structure of the Project and its highly complex financing plan. The Philippine owners obtained control of roughly 85% of ELCL's voting stock. ELHI also formed and owns in its entirety a development company ("MRT DevCo") that acquired the development and commercial rights to develop the 16-hectare depot site and in the 13 stations, as well as the right to develop the air space above the 13 stations. In December 1995, ELCL's name was changed to Metro Rail Transit Corporation Ltd. ("Metro Rail") and ELHI was correspondingly renamed MRT Holdings, Inc. A Philippines subsidiary of Metro Rail, Metro Rail Transit Corporation ("MRTC"), was later formed for the purpose of designing, constructing, testing, commissioning, and maintaining the EDSA Rail Transit III, Phase-1 system. An Accession Undertaking and an Assignment and Assumption Agreement was executed which gave MRTC all rights and obligations to the Project agreements during the debt repayment period and establish MRTC as the Project borrowing entity.
20
The BLT Agreement

The BLT Agreement was signed by DOTC and Metro Rail on August 8, 1997 and amended on October 16, 1997. It constitutes a restatement of similar agreements dating back to the first such contract, which was signed on November 7, 1991. That agreement was restated on April 22, 1992, and the restated agreement was supplemented on May 6, 1993, and amended on July 28, 1994 and May 1996. Another restatement was signed on October 3, 1996. All the terms in those prior agreements were superseded by the provisions of the BLT Agreement. The BLT Agreement governs the relationship between Metro Rail and DOTC during the Projects two major phases, construction and revenue service. During the construction phase, Metro Rail was obliged to construct the Project (Phase 1) and to complete that construction by a certain date (the Date Certain). The construction was to be accomplished in accordance with the specifications and drawings approved by the DOTC and the completed system capable of achieving certain capacity requirements. Metro Rail was also obligated to provide all equipment that was to be used in the system, including the rail vehicles. The DOTCs obligations during the construction phase included granting Metro Rail access to the Project site (including relocating squatters and other persons from the Depot area) and ensuring that certain work to be performed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) was completed properly and on time. In addition, the DOTC accepted the responsibility for certain events that could delay completion of the system. Should such events occur, DOTC would be responsible for paying the costs of the event and the delay it causes, and the date by which Metro Rail is obliged to complete construction would be adjusted. After completion, Metro Rail was obligated to lease the system to DOTC, who would operate the system, with Metro Rail providing the maintenance. DOTC was required to make payments of Rental Fees to Metro Rail, and these were broken down into several different portions. One significant part was intended to repay the loans taken out to finance the Project (Debt Rental Fees).
Project Funding Components

A breakdown of the key funders and tranche funding components of the MRT-3 Phase-1 Project were as follows:
21
The Key Management Team Members: Construction, Operations and Financial Management
From September 1995 to March 2002, Metro Rail oversaw the construction, financing and operational management of the Project. On December 15, 1999 Metro Rail commenced operations (soft opening) of the MRT-3 Phase-1 System operating 10-stations from Buendia to North Avenue. The Project was formally inaugurated on July 15, 2000 (all 13 stations) as scheduled and within the DOTC-approved budget. Robert John Sobrepena, was Metro Rail's Chairman and CEO, overseeing all aspects of the Project from Financing to Construction and turn over. Laurence Weldon, President and Chief Operating Officer, oversaw all aspects of construction of the Project. Mr. Weldon was previously connected as project manager of the Los Angeles Blue Line Rapid Transit Project before July 1995. In Manila he was supported by Carlos 'Karl' Quirino, Chief Financial Officer, Robert Ball, Vice-President of Technical Services, William Lathrop & Walter Mergelsberg of the Project Management Team and Harry Redstone and their teams for the engineering aspects of the Project. JP Morgan and the management team of MRTC negotiated with the support of a team of technical experts and other advisors in arranging project financing totaling US$ 675.5-million from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (formerly Japan Export-Import Bank or JEXIM), Investicni a Postovni Bank of the Czech Republic, a consortium of Foreign Currency Deposit Unit (FCDU) banks led by Citibank, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Far East Bank, ING Bank, Metrobank and the Philippine Government under a Sovereign Credit basis whose blended all-in financing cost amounted to only 4.72% p.a. over the entire life of the loan facilities.
The Rail Vehicle Supply Agreement

The Rail Vehicle Supply Agreement or Vehicle Contract was executed between Metro rail and CKD Tatra on October 14, 1996 and has since been the subject of five amendments. It covers the purchase and commissioning by Metro Rail and the production and shipment by Tatra of 73 Rail Vehicles to be used in the EDSA MRT-3 Phase-1 rail system. Simultaneous with the execution of the Vehicle Contract, Metro Rail and Sumitomo entered into an Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which Metro Rail assigned and Sumitomo assumed most but not all of Metro Rails rights and responsibilities under the contract. The Assignment is part of the single point of responsibility structure under which Tatra becomes a subcontractor of Sumitomo, who then becomes responsible to Metro Rail for Tatras performance.
Maintenance Agreement
The Maintenance Agreement that was entered into between Metro rail and Sumitomo Corporation (the Provider) sets forth the terms on which the Provider will provide maintenance and repair services (the Services), for a period of ten (10) years, for the System. As compensation for Services, Metro rail agreed to pay a base fee (the Base Fee) adjusted in accordance with a price escalation formula (the Annual Maintenance Fee), for each year such Services are provided. The Base Fee in the first year is approximately US$ 15.3-million stepping up to approximately US$ 18-million on the 6th year. In addition to the Annual Maintenance Fee, Metro Rail also agreed to reimburse the Provider for the cost of carrying out any special repairs to the System. The Provider subcontracted, with Metro Rails consent, all services with respect to the remainder of the System to be carried out by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Limited.
22
External links
Official MRT-3 website [1] www.abs-cbnnews, LRT-MRT loop construction to start in May [2]
References
[1] http:/ / dotcmrt3. weebly. com/ [2] http:/ / www. abs-cbnnews. com/ storypage. aspx?StoryId=106774,
23
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
Agency overview Formed Preceding Agency March 4, 2008 Air Transportation Office
Superseding agency Aviation Headquarters Agency executive Parent Agency CAAP Main Office, NAIA Road, Pasay City Ret. Lt. Gen. William K. Hotchkiss III, AFP
[1]
, Director General
Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.caap.gov.ph

[2]
The Philippines' Civil Aviation Authority formerly Air Transportation Office, abbreviated as CAAP, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and Communications. It is the national aviation authority of the Philippines, responsible for implementing policies on civil aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient air travel.[3] The agency also investigates aviation accidents via its Aircraft Accident Investigation and Inquiry Board.[4] The agency's main office is in Pasay City.[5]
History
Legislative Act No. 3909 passed by the Congress of the Philippines on November 20, 1931 created an Office under the Department of Commerce and Communications to handle aviation matters, particularly the enforcement of rules and regulations governing commercial aviation as well as private flying. It was amended by Act 3996 to include licensing of airmen and aircraft, inspection of aircraft concerning air traffic rules, schedules and rates and enforcement of Aviation Laws.[] From 1932 to 1936, there were no standard procedures as to the licensing of airmen, registration of aircraft and recording of various aeronautical activities connected with commercial aviation. There were attempts made to register planes and their owners without ascertaining their airworthiness and to record names of pilots, airplane mechanics and other details.[] In 1933, the office of Technical Assistant of Aviation matters was enlarged into the Aeronautics Division under the Department of Commerce and Industry, the functions of which were embodied in Administrative Order No. 309, a joint Bulletin issued by the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of Finance.[] In October 1934, Act 4033 was passed to require a franchise from the Philippine government in order to operate an air service and to regulate foreign aircraft operations.[] On November 12, 1936, the Congress of the Philippines passed Commonwealth Act No. 168, better known as the Civil Aviation Law of the Philippines which created the Bureau of Aeronautics. After the liberation of the Philippines in March 1945, the Bureau was reorganized and placed under the Department of National Defense. Among its functions was to promulgate Civil Aviation Regulations.[]
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines On October 1947, Executive Order No. 94 which reorganized the government transferred the Bureau of Aeronautics to the newly created Department of Commerce and Industry and renamed Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA).[] On June 5, 1948, Republic Act 224 created the National Airports Corporation which was charged with the management and operations of all national airports.[] On June 20, 1952, Republic Act No. 776, otherwise known as the Civil Aeronautics Act of the Philippines reorganized the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration. It defined the powers and duties of both agencies including the funds, personnel and the regulations of Civil Aviation.[] On October 19, 1956, Executive Order No. 209 placed the Civil Aeronautics Administration under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications.[]
24
Marcos Era
On January 20, 1975, Letter of Instruction No. 244 transferred to the Department of Public Highways the responsibilities relative to airport plans, designs, construction, improvement, maintenance as well as site acquisition. The responsibilities related to location, planning design and funding were later returned to the CAA.[] On July 23, 1979, under Executive Order No. 546, the CAA was renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT) and placed under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.[6]
Cory Aquino Presidency

On April 13, 1987, Executive Order No. 125-A renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation the Air Transportation Office headed by the Assistant Secretary of Air Transportation.[7]
Arroyo Administration
On December 3, 2007, Senator Edgardo J. Angara filed Senate Bill Number 1932, otherwise known as the Civil Aviation Authority Act 2007, authorizing the appropriation of funds therefore, and for other purposes.[8] The bill abolished the Air Transportation Office (ATO) and in its stead created the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), which is mandated to set comprehensive, clear and impartial rules of the aviation industry. Under the new law, the CAA shall be an independent regulatory body with quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative powers with corporate attributes. On March 4, 2008, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the bill into law.[9]
FAA and EU downgrades and other controversies

On January 17, 2008, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) downgraded the Philippines' rating to Category 2 from Category 1, since its Air Transportation Office (Philippines) (ATO) did not fully satisfy international safety standards. Consequently, Philippine Airlines' (PAL) president Jaime Bautista stated that its 2008 growth targets would be lowered. After emerging from eight years of receivership the previous year, PAL was prevented by the FAA decision from increasing US flights from 33 per week.[10] Then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo dismissed acting Air Transportation Office chief Danilo Dimagiba after the downgrade and designated Department of Transportation and Communications Secretary Leandro Mendoza as concurrent Officer in Charge of ATO. Also, the Embassy of the United States in Manila warned US citizens in the Philippines "to refrain from using Philippine-based carriers due to 'serious concerns' about the ATO's alleged mishandling of the aviation industry." Dimagiba blamed lack of funds for the FAA downgrade, alleging that ATO needs Php 1 billion ($1 = Php 40), roughly around $25,000,000.[11] Effective April 1, 2010, the European Union, following the FAA's lead, banned Philippine carriers from flying to Europe. Asia Times reported, "EU ambassador Alistair MacDonald said: 'The commission considers that the supervisory authority is currently not able to implement and enforce the relevant safety standards, and decided therefore to ban from EU airspace all air carriers licensed in the Philippines until these deficiencies are
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines corrected.'"[12] On June 19, 2010, important navigation equipment at the Manila airport maintained by CAAP failed. The VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) used by aircraft for navigating to and from the airport stopped working due to heavy rain and there was no available replacement. One had to be brought from another airport.[13]
25
References
[2] http:/ / www. caap. gov. ph [4] http:/ / www. anpac. it/ download/ Vari/ 08LEGBL01_IFALPA_Legal_Directory. pdf [5] " Philippine Airports Directory (http:/ / www. caap. gov. ph/ web/ offices. htm)." Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. Retrieved on June 9, 2009. [10] Afp.google.com, Philippine Airlines set to lower targets after FAA downgrade: report (http:/ / afp. google. com/ article/ ALeqM5jxp7nMSSNBCmgmNzSeXvz_MItF0Q) [11] Abs-Cbn Interactive, ATO chief sacked after drop in RP aviation safety rank (http:/ / www. abs-cbnnews. com/ topofthehour. aspx?StoryId=105898)
External links
CAAP Homepage (http://www.caap.gov.ph)
Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines)
26
Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines)

Civil Aeronautics Board Lupon ng Aeronautika Sibil
Agency overview Parent Agency Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.cab.gov.ph
[1]
The Civil Aeronautics Board (Filipino: Lupon ng Aeronautika Sibil, or CAB) is a government agency of the Philippines tasked to regulate, promote and develop the economic aspect of air transportation in the Philippines and to ensure that existing CAB policies are adapted to the present and future air commerce of the Philippines. The Board has supervisory and jurisdictional control over air carriers, general sales agents, cargo sales agents, and airfreight forwarders, as well as their property, property rights, equipment, facilities and franchises. It is attached to the Department of Transportation and Communications.
External links
Civil Aeronautics Board Philippines [1]
References
[1] http:/ / www. cab. gov. ph
Mactan-Cebu International Airport
27

Mactan-Cebu International Airport Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Mactan-Cebu Tugpahanang Pangkalibutan sa Mactan-Sugbo
Exterior of Mactan-Cebu International Airport IATA: CEB ICAO: RPVM Summary Airport type Operator Serves Location Hub for Public Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority Cebu City Barangay Ibo, Lapu-Lapu City Cebu Pacific PAL Express Philippine Airlines 23m / 75ft 101848N 1235858E www.cebu-airport.com
[2] [1]
ElevationAMSL Coordinates Website
Coordinates: 101848N 1235858E [1]
Map
Location in the Philippines Runways Direction m 04/22 3,300 Length ft 10,827 Statistics (2011) Passengers 6,050,564 Concrete/Asphalt Surface
28
61,872 51,723
Aircraft movements Metric tonnes of cargo 2012 Philippine Statistical Yearbook
Mactan-Cebu International Airport (Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Mactan-Cebu, Cebuano: Tugpahanang Pangkalibutan sa Mactan-Sugbo) (IATA: CEB,ICAO: RPVM) located in Central Visayas region, is the second busiest airport of the Philippines and one of the top 20 airports in the ASEAN region in 2011. It is located in Lapu-Lapu City in Mactan Island which form part of Metro Cebu agglomeration. The airport is managed by the Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority. It covers an area of 797 hectares, has a single 3,300 meter runway that is complemented by a full-length taxiway. The terminal building has a capacity of handling 4.5 million passengers annually on two wings, the domestic wing and the international wing. Its traffic is continually increasing and is now serving 602 commercial flights weekly from 14 passenger airlines transporting 10,223 passengers daily. About 54% of the flight operations at Mactan-Cebu International Airport are commercial carriers while the remaining 46% are military aircraft and general aviation operations. In the last 15 years, Mactan-Cebu International Airports passenger traffic has grown at an annual average of 21% for international passenger traffic while the domestic passenger traffic grew at an annual average of 5%. The airport is the second busiest airport of the Philippines in cargo traffic served by 5 cargo airlines. Its cargo volume in 2007 was 53,472,924kg. International cargo volume increased at an average growth rate of 47% annually while the domestic cargo grew 4% annually.
Plans
Plans have been drawn for the expansion of the existing terminal building and the construction of two more boarding bridges or jetways to complement the existing four. A new cargo terminal has also been proposed. On August 20, 2008, the Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA) announced that about P300 million will be spent for the terminal expansion program to address the increasing volume of passenger traffic. MCIAA former general manager Danilo Augusto Francia said the program also includes the establishment of a second passenger terminal in the Mactan-Cebu International Airport.[3] Later in 2009, former general manager Francia announced for the public bidding for the construction of the new generation terminal to service only international flight to and from Cebu, Philippines. Two out of the only seven 5-star airlines in the world operate flights from the airport, namely: Cathay Pacific and Asiana Airlines. In 2010, the newly elected Philippine President, Benigno Aquino III, has selected Nigel Paul Villarete as the new General Manager of the Mactan-Cebu International Airport(MCIA)[4] and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of MCIAA. Upon his assumption on October 26, 2010,[5] MCIAA General Manager Villarete has prioritized the completion of the terminal expansion[6] and the completion of the unfinished administration building.[7] In addition, the Feasibility Study for the New MCIA International Terminal will be completed in 2011,[8] and has been included in President Benigno Aquino III's List of Priority Projects for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) implementation.[9] The feasibility study is being financed by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). In addition, MCIAA General Manager Nigel Paul Villarete also proposes to establish a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line to transport airport passengers to and from MCIAA from different parts of Cebu. This will complement and maybe integrated into the proposed Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System being planned in Cebu City.[10] The plan for a new terminal expansion of the airport is underway and estimated to $240 million. The deadlines for bidding was extended to April 5, 2013 for this project from earlier March 22.[]
29
History
The airport opened in the mid-1960s. It was built to replace the Lahug Airport, which could no longer be expanded due to safety and physical problems. The airport was then expanded in its later years to become the current Mactan-Cebu International Airport (MCIA). The airport is currently the second busiest in the country after Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport and serves as the country's primary alternative gateway. The airport is currently in the process of building an administrative building. The construction is currently stalled due to irregularities in the deal but it is expected to continue soon. The idea behind the building is to free up space in the airport terminal so that the airport can expand passenger facilities without necessarily expanding the size of the airport. Currently, all airport offices are located inside the Main Terminal. A VIP Lounge for the ASEAN Summit held in Cebu in 2007. The airport lounge now serves as the primary welcome area for VIPs visiting Cebu.
Terminals, airlines and destinations

The existing terminal building houses both domestic and international operations which has an annual capacity of 4.5 million passengers.[11]
Destinations with service from Cebu
Airlines Air Busan Air Niugini Asiana Airlines Cathay Pacific Cebu Pacific Busan Port Moresby Seoul-Incheon Hong Kong
Destinations
Bacolod, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Busan, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Camiguin, Caticlan, Clark, Davao, Dipolog, Dumaguete, General Santos, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Kalibo (ends July 31, 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Legazpi, Manila, Masbate, Ozamiz, Puerto Princesa, Seoul-Incheon, Siargao, Singapore, Surigao, Tacloban, Zamboanga Charter: Taipei-Taoyuan
China Airlines
Far Eastern Charter: Taipei-Taoyuan Air Transport Jeju Air Jin Air Busan, Seoul-Incheon Seoul-Incheon
30
Korean Air Philippine Airlines Philippine Airlines operated by PAL Express SilkAir South East Asian Airlines Tiger Airways Zest Airways
Notes
Busan, Seoul-Incheon Manila, Seoul-Incheon, Tokyo-Narita Bacolod, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Davao, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Ozamiz, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa, Tacloban, Zamboanga
Singapore 1 Manila
Singapore Busan (ends August 31, 2013), Manila, Seoul-Incheon (ends August 31, 2013)
^1 : This flight may make a stop between Cebu and the listed destination. However, the airline does not have rights to transport passengers solely between Cebu and the intermediate stop.
Cargo airlines
2GO (Air) FedEx Express Pacific East Asia Cargo Airlines Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines TransGlobal Airways
Incidents/Accidents
On December 11, 1994, Philippine Airlines Flight 434 was flying on its second leg of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport - Mactan-Cebu International Airport - New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport) route when a bomb on board exploded, killing a passenger. The airliner was able to make an emergency landing. Authorities later found out that Ramzi Yousef planted the bomb on the airliner to test the bomb for his Project Bojinka plot. His project was discovered in Manila after an apartment fire on the night of January 5 and the morning of January 6, 1995. Ramzi Yousef was on board Flight 434 from Manila when he planted the bomb beneath a vacant seat. He used a fake identity thus he was able to pass through security in Manila. Yousef set the time for the bomb to blow off when the airplane was already in its Cebu-Tokyo leg. Yousef got off the plane during the stopover in Cebu from Manila.
31
References
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Mactan-Cebu_International_Airport& params=10_18_48_N_123_58_58_E_type:airport_region:PH [2] http:/ / www. cebu-airport. com/ [3] Mactan-Cebu airport to set aside P300-M for expansion (http:/ / globalnation. inquirer. net/ cebudailynews/ enterprise/ view/ 20080820-155792/ Mactan-Cebu-airport-to-set-aside-P300-M-for-expansion) [4] Positive News Media, "P-Noy names four Cebuanos to Mactan airport board," http:/ / www. allvoices. com/ s/ event-6803478/ aHR0cDovL3Bvc2l0aXZlbmV3c21lZGlhLm5ldC9hbTIvcHVibGlzaC9CdXNpbmVzc18xOS9QLU5veV9uYW1lc19mb3VyX0NlYnVhbm9zX3RvX01hY3Rhbl9 [5] Marian Z. Codilla, Cebu Daily News, 10/27/2010, "Villarete sworn in as Mactan airport chief," http:/ / globalnation. inquirer. net/ cebudailynews/ news/ view/ 20101027-299999/ Villarete-sworn-in-as-Mactan-airport-chief [6] www.passengerterminaltoday.com, news, "Expanded Mactan-Cebu to open in November," http:/ / www. passengerterminaltoday. com/ news. php?NewsID=27172 [7] Gregg M. Rubio/FPL (The Freeman), November 03, 2010, "Villarete to finish MCIAA administrative building despite corruption tag," http:/ / www. philstar. com/ Article. aspx?articleId=626707& publicationSubCategoryId=107 [8] Cris Evert Lato, Inquirer Visayas, 01/08/2011, "Mactan studies feasilibility of new terminal building," http:/ / business. inquirer. net/ money/ topstories/ view/ 20110108-313298/ Mactan-studies-feasilibility-of-new-terminal-building [9] Jessica Ann R. Pareja, The Freeman, October 26, 2010, "BRT, MCIAA development among P.Noy's top projects," http:/ / www. philstar. com/ Article. aspx?articleId=624372& publicationSubCategoryId=107 [10] Cebu Daily News, January 05, 2011, "Revamp, BRT setup eyed for Mactan airport," http:/ / www. philstar. com/ Article. aspx?articleId=624372& publicationSubCategoryId=107 [11] http:/ / ppp. gov. ph/ ?p=7469
External links
Mactan Cebu International Airport (CEB) (http://www.mactan-cebuairport.com.ph/) Mactan-Cebu International Airport (http://www.cebu-airport.com/) Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (http://www.mciaa.gov.ph/) Airport information for RPVM (http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?airport=RPVM) at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF. Current weather for RPVM (http://weather.NOAA.gov/weather/current/RPVM.html) at NOAA/NWS Airport information for CEB / RPVM (http://www.gcmap.com/airport/CEB) at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF(effective Oct. 2006). Accident history for CEB / RPVM (http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=CEB) at Aviation Safety Network
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
32

Ninoy Aquino International Airport Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino
Faade of NAIA Terminal 3 IATA: MNL ICAO: RPLL Summary Airport type Operator Serves Location Hub for Public Manila International Airport Authority Greater Manila Area Paraaque and Pasay, Metro Manila

Cebu Pacific PAL Express Philippine Airlines South East Asian Airlines Zest Airways
ElevationAMSL Coordinates Website
23m / 75ft 143031N 1210110E www.miaa.gov.ph

[2] [1]
Coordinates: 143031N 1210110E [1]
Map
Location in the Philippines Runways Direction m 06/24 13/31 3,737 2,258 Length ft 12,261 7,408 Asphalt Asphalt Surface
33
Statistics (2012)
Passengers Aircraft movements Metric tonnes of cargo (2009) MIAA Terminals Operational Statistics Record for 2011.
[]
31,558,002 214,354 355,149

[3]
[3]
The Ninoy Aquino International Airport (Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino) or NAIA /na./, also known as Manila International Airport (IATA: MNL,ICAO: RPLL), is the airport serving the general area of Manila and its surrounding metropolitan area. Located along the border between the cities of Pasay and Paraaque, about seven kilometers south of Manila proper, and southwest of Makati, NAIA is the main international gateway for travelers to the Philippines and is the hub for all Philippine airlines. It is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), a branch of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). Officially, NAIA is the only airport serving the Manila area. However, in practice, both NAIA and Clark International Airport, located in the Clark Freeport Zone in Pampanga serve the Manila area, with Clark catering mostly to low-cost carriers that avail themselves of the lower landing fees than those charged at NAIA. In the long term Clark is set to replace NAIA as the primary airport of the Philippines.[4] The airport is named after the late Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr., who was assassinated at the airport in 1983. In 2009 the airport saw growth of 11.4% to 24.1 million passengers.[5] In 2010, NAIA carried 27.1 million passengers, making it to the top 50 of the world's busiest airports by passenger traffic. In 2011, all terminals at NAIA handled a record breaking annual passenger traffic of 29,552,264 making it as one of the busiest airports in Asia and in 2012, NAIA also became the 34th busiest airport in the world, passenger volume increased to about eight percent to a total of 32.1 million passengers.[6]
History
The original airport that served Manila, the Manila International Air Terminal, was opened in July 1937 at Nielson Field, the runways of which now form Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas in Makati. In 1948, following Philippine independence, the airport was moved to its current site adjacent to the Villamor Airbase, which was then called Nichols Field. The original structure was built on what is now the site of the present-day Terminal 2. In 1954 the airport's international runway and associated taxiway were built,[7] and in 1956 the construction was started on a control tower and a terminal building for the use of international passengers. The new terminal was inaugurated on September 22, 1961.[7] On January 22, Map of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport 1972, a fire caused substantial damage to the original terminal building, and a slightly smaller terminal was rebuilt in its place the following year. This second terminal would become the country's international terminal until 1981 when a new, higher-capacity terminal, known today as Terminal 1, was built to replace it. The old international terminal would serve as Manila's domestic airport until another fire damaged it in May 1985. The present Terminal 1, originally named Manila International Airport, was given its present name on August 17, 1987 by virtue of Republic Act No. 6639, with the intention of honouring Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr., who was assassinated at the airport after returning to the Philippines from his self-imposed exile in the United States on
Ninoy Aquino International Airport August 21, 1983. Plans for a new terminal were conceived in 1989, when the Department of Transportation and Communications commissioned Aroports de Paris to do a feasibility study to expand capacity. The recommendation was to build two new terminals, and in 1998 Terminal 2 was completed. Terminal 2 was nicknamed the Centennial Terminal as its completion coincided with the 100th anniversary of Philippine independence from Spain. In 1997 the government approved the construction of Terminal 3, which was originally scheduled to be completed in 2002. After many delays caused by technical and legal issues, the terminal became fully operational in mid-2008. The government aims to return services from many of the airlines which cancelled services to Manila as a result of the current Terminal 1's problems.
34
1990s
The original proposal for the construction of a third terminal was proposed by Asia's Emerging Dragon Corporation (AEDP). AEDP eventually lost the bid to PairCargo and its partner Fraport AG of Germany, who went on to begin construction of the terminal under the administration of Joseph Estrada. Terminal 3 was approved for construction in 1997 and the structure was mostly completed several years ago and was originally scheduled to open in 2002. The ultra-modern US$640 million, 189,000 square meter facility was Departure hall of NAIA Terminal 3 designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) to have a capacity of 13 million passengers per year. However, a legal dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project's main contractor, Philippine International Air Terminals Co. Inc. (Piatco), over the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract, delayed the final completion and opening of the terminal. While the original agreement was one in which PairCargo and Fraport AG would operate the airport for several years after its construction, followed by a handing over of the terminal to the Philippine Government, the government offered to buy out Fraport AG for $400 million, to which Fraport agreed. However, before the terminal could be fully completed, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, called the contract "onerous" formed a committee to evaluate the agreement to buy out Fraport AG. It is this action that sparked the most controversy. The Philippine Supreme Court eventually found the Piatco contract "null and void" citing a variety of anomalies. The administration of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo eventually abrogated Piatco's BOT Contract for allegedly having been anomalous in certain important respects. In a subsequent decision, the Philippine Supreme Court upheld the Philippine Government's position on the matter and declared the BOT contract "null and void" for, among other things, violations of certain provisions of the BOT law. More specifically, the Court found that the original contract was revised to allow for a Philippine Government guarantee of Piatco's obligations to its creditors, contractors and suppliers. The BOT law disallows the granting of such sovereign guarantees. Piatco disagrees and continues to maintain that the provisions cited by the Supreme Court do not amount to a prohibited sovereign guarantee by the Philippine Government.
35
2000s
In December 2004, the Philippine government expropriated the terminal project from Piatco through an order of the Pasay City Regional Trial Court. However, the court only allowed the Philippine government to take over the terminal upon payment of an initial amount of PHP3 billion (approx. US$64 million) to Piatco. The Philippine government formally paid Piatco the said amount on the second week of September 2006. According to the Philippine government, NAIA-3 was 98% complete (prior in 2006) and required at least an additional USD6 million to complete. The government was then in the process of negotiating a contract with the builder of the terminal, Takenaka Corporation, because another factor that delayed the terminal's opening was the ongoing investigation into the collapse of a 100 sqm. area of the terminal's ceiling.
A shot of the airport taken from a departing aircraft
Piatco (and its German partner, Fraport) have instituted arbitration proceedings before different international bodies to recover a fair settlement. Piatco sued the government before the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Singapore. Fraport, separately sued the Philippine government at the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in Washington. In 2007, the ICSID case was decided in favor of the Philippine government because of a violation of Philippine law by Fraport. However, this decision was annulled in 2010 due to a violation of Fraport's right to be heard.[8] A new proceeding before the ICSID is ongoing.[9] Piatco formally withdrew its second application to set aside the earlier ICC ruling that dismissed its claims against the Philippine government on December 2011. The ICC ruling in favor of the Philippine government became final and executory in 2012.[10] Through Executive Order No. 732, the NAIA Terminal 3 Task Force was made and Michael Defensor was appointed on June 19, 2008 as head, creating the Presidential Task Force on NAIA-3 that was "mandated to ensure the immediate opening and operation of Terminal 3." The order provides for the NAIA-3 opening based on decisions of the Supreme Court and applicable laws.[11] Terminal 3 began partial operations at 05:15am on July 22, 2008 with 16 inbound and outbound domestic flights from Cebu Pacific. Philippine Airlines' budget brand PAL Express and Air Philippines moved their operations to this terminal two days later.[12] Cebu Pacific moved all of its domestic and international operations to the terminal on August 1, 2008. On August 1, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III has announced plans to utilize Terminal 3 to its maximum capacity by Christmas Season 2010, which may mean moving international carriers to Terminal 3, but the goal was never reached.[13] The Philippine government has made a new plan where Terminal 3 would be 100% operational by the end of 2011, but lowered their goal to 55% operational after further study.[14] The move of international carriers began in February 2011 with All Nippon Airways (ANA) starting a new service to Manila from Terminal 3, rather than Terminal 1 with other international carriers.[15] ANA is the only foreign carrier at Terminal 3, while other carriers have no intention of moving yet or are still in negotiations such as Cathay Pacific.[16] On April 17, 2012, Tourism Secretary Ramon Jimenez, Jr. announced that Cathay Pacific, Delta Air Lines and Emirates will move to Terminal 3 in 2013.[17]
36
Statistics
Volume of Passengers
This table of passenger movements at MNL is based on data from Airport Council International (ACI).[18] 2010 NAIA passenger traffic was based on Manila International Airport Authority's website for the full-year of 2010.
Destinations with service from Manila
Year
Passenger Movements 12,955,809 (81st) 15,186,521 (75th) 16,216,031 (77th) 17,660,697 (73rd) 20,467,627 (64th) 22,253,158 (57th) 24,108,825 (51st) 27,119,899 (49th) 29,552,264 (46th) 31,558,002 (34th) [19]
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Terminals
Terminal 1
The development of the Manila International Airport was finally approved through the promulgation of Executive Order No. 381, which authorized the airport's development. In 1973, a feasibility study/airport master plan was done by Airways Engineering Corporation through a US$29.6 million loan from the Asian Development Bank. The Detailed Engineering Design of the New Manila International Airport Development Project was done by Renardet-Sauti/Transplan/F.F. Cruz Consultant while the terminal's Detailed Architectural Design was prepared by Leandro Locsin's L.V.
The check-in hall of NAIA Terminal 1
Locsin and Associates.[20]
Ninoy Aquino International Airport In 1974, the detailed designs were adopted by the Philippine Government and was subsequently approved by the Asian Development Bank on September 18, 1975. Actual work on the terminal began during the second quarter of 1978. The terminal was completed in 1981 and had a size of 67,000 square meters with a design capacity of 4.5 million passengers per year.[21] It currently serves all non-Philippine Airlines and non-Cebu Pacific international flights. In 1989, a Master Plan Review recommended the construction of two new terminals (NAIA 2 and NAIA 3), as well as many other facility improvements.[20] The terminal reached capacity in 1991, when it registered a total passenger volume of 4.53 million. Since 1991, the terminal has been over capacity and has been recording an annual average growth rate of 11%,[20] but improvements to the airport increased its capacity to 6 million passengers yearly.[22] It has 18 air bridges and services 33 airlines (as of May 2011). Interestingly enough, the building does not Airside view of the T1 taken from Kaingin Road have a Gate 8 and a Gate 13. Compared with international terminals in other Asian countries, Terminal 1 has consistently ranked at the bottom due to limited and outdated facilities, poor passenger comfort, and crowding (the Terminal has been operating above designed capacity for decades now).[23] In this regard, transport authorities plan to give Terminal 1 a makeover; the plans were approved by President Benigno Aquino III. The makeover and upgrade includes the expansion of the arrival area, addition of parking spaces, and improvement of other terminal facilities.[24] The Transportation and Communications Department previously announced that as soon as Terminal 3 becomes fully operational, Terminal 1 would be rehabilitated into an "Airport City", with the intention of Cebu Pacific Air to convert Terminal 1 into an exclusive terminal for their aircraft.[25] This terminal handles all international flights except those operated by Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, Zest Airways, and All Nippon Airways. The rehabilitation of Terminal 1 will be completed by mid-2013.[26]
37
Terminal 2 (Centennial Terminal)

The second terminal, NAIA-2, located at the Old MIA Road, was completed in 1998 and began operations in 1999. It has been named the Centennial Terminal in commemoration of the centennial year of the declaration of Philippine independence. The 75,000-square-meter terminal was originally designed by Aroports de Paris to be a domestic terminal, but the design was later modified to accommodate international flights.[27] It has a capacity of 2.5 million passengers per year in its international wing and 5 million in its domestic wing, it is possible to accommodate nine million passengers per year if required.[27]
The NAIA Centennial Terminal 2 departure hall
Terminal 2 is exclusively used by Philippine Airlines for both its domestic and international flights. It is divided into two wings: the North Wing, for international flights, and the South Wing, which handles domestic operations. It currently has 12 air bridges. There are several cafes and restaurants scattered around the Terminal post-security. There is also a small duty-free section in the north wing. The need for two more terminals was proposed by a Master Plan Review of the Airport that was undertaken in 1989 by Aroports de Paris (ADP). The study was facilitated by means of a grant from the French Government. The review cost 2.9 million French francs and was submitted to the Philippine Government for evaluation in 1990.[20] In 1991, the French government granted a 30 million franc soft loan to the Philippine government, which was to be used to cover the Detailed Architectural and Engineering Design of the NAIA Terminal 2. ADP completed the design in 1992 and in 1994, the Japanese Government granted an 18.12 billion yen soft loan to the Philippine
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Government to finance 75% of the terminal's construction costs and 100% of the supervision costs. Construction of the terminal began on December 11, 1995, and was formally turned over to the government of the Philippines on December 28, 1998.
38
Terminal 3
Cebu Pacific check-in at Terminal 3.
The check-in area of NAIA Terminal 3 The third terminal of the airport, Terminal 3 or NAIA-3, is the newest and biggest terminal in the NAIA complex, wherein construction started in 1997. The terminal is one of the most controversial projects in the Philippines in that the government has become involved with legal battles, red tape, and arbitration cases in both the United States and Singapore, as well as technical and safety concerns which delayed its opening several times.[28] The terminal 3 is built on a 63.5-hectare lot that sits on Villamor Air Base. The terminal building has a total floor area of 182,500 m, having a total length of 1.2 kilometers. A four-level shopping mall connects the terminal and parking buildings. The parking building has a capacity of 2,000 cars while the outdoor parking area has a capacity of 1,200 cars. The terminal is capable of servicing 33,000 passengers daily at peak or 6,000 passengers per hour. Its apron area has a size of 147,400 m, 34 air bridges, 20 contact gates with the ability of servicing 28 planes at any given time. The terminal has 70 flight information terminals, 314 display monitors, with 300 kilometers of fiber optic I.T. cabling. It also has 29 restroom blocks. The departure area has five entrances all equipped with X-ray machines with the final security check having 18 X-ray machines. Its baggage claim has 7 large baggage carousels, each with its own flight display monitor.[27] The terminal officially opened to selected domestic flights from July 22, 2008 (initially Cebu Pacific only, then Philippine Airlines' subsidiaries Air Philippines and PAL Express), with Cebu Pacific international flights using it from August 1, 2008. All international operations, except for those from PAL, are intended to operate from Terminal 3 in the future, originally proposed to move in fourth quarter of 2010,[29] however domestic carriers Cebu Pacific and Airphil Express (then Air Philippines) remained the only tenants for the first two years of its operation. The vast majority of international flights still operate from Terminal 1, with the exception of All Nippon Airways being the first foreign-based carrier to operate out of Terminal 3 started in February 27, 2011.
Terminal 4 (Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal)

The Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal, also known as NAIA Terminal 4,[30] is host to all domestic flights within the Philippines that are operated by Zest Airways and South East Asian Airlines. There are no jet bridges and passengers walk to and from the aircraft or are occasionally bussed. Twenty-six check-in counters are located in the terminal. The departure hall has the seating capacity for 969 people at a time. Several food stores and a book and magazine stall are also available. Five baggage carousels are located in the terminal whilst domestic airline offices, banks, restaurants and a grocery store are also located right beside the domestic passenger terminal.[31] The Domestic Terminal on the old Airport Road was built in 1948 and is located near the north end of Runway 13/31. An
Ninoy Aquino International Airport old hangar has since been annexed to the terminal.
39
Airlines and destinations

Passenger
Airlines Air China Air Niugini All Nippon Airways Asiana Airlines Cathay Pacific Cebu Pacific Beijing-Capital Port Moresby Tokyo-Narita Busan, Seoul-Incheon Hong Kong Destinations Terminal 1 1 3 1 1 3
Bacolod, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Busan, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Cauayan, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao, Denpasar/Bali, Dipolog, [32] Dubai (begins October 7, 2013), Dumaguete, General Santos, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Kalibo, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Laoag, Legazpi, Macau, Naga, Osaka-Kansai, Ozamiz, Pagadian, Phuket (begins August 16, [33] 2013), Puerto Princesa, Roxas City, San Jose (Mindoro), Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Siem Reap, Singapore, Surigao, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tuguegarao, Virac, Xiamen, Zamboanga
China Eastern Shanghai-Pudong (begins October 18, 2013) Airlines China Airlines China Southern Airlines Delta Air Lines Dragonair Emirates Ethiopian Airlines Etihad Airways EVA Air Gulf Air Hawaiian Airlines Japan Airlines Jeju Air Jetstar Airways Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan Beijing-Capital, Guangzhou, Xiamen
1 1 1
Detroit, Nagoya-Centrair, Tokyo-Narita Hong Kong Dubai Addis Ababa (begins June 18, 2013) 1 Abu Dhabi Taipei-Taoyuan Bahrain Honolulu (ends July 31, 2013) Tokyo-Narita Seoul-Incheon Darwin, Tokyo-Narita
[35] [34]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
40
1 1 1 1 1
[]
Jetstar Asia Airways KLM Korean Air Kuwait Airways Malaysia Airlines Philippine Airlines
Osaka-Kansai, Singapore Amsterdam 1 Busan, Seoul-Incheon Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Kuwait Kuala Lumpur
Abu Dhabi (resumes October 1, 2013), Bacolod, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, [36] Brisbane, Busan, Cebu, Dammam (resumes December 2, 2013), Darwin, Davao, Delhi (ends [37] [36] June 14, 2013), Denpasar/Bali, Doha (begins November 1, 2013), Fukuoka, General [38] Santos, Guam, Guangzhou (resumes July 16, 2013), Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, [36] Honolulu, Iloilo, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah (begins December 1, 2013), Kalibo, Kuala [39] Lumpur, Laoag, Los Angeles, Macau, Melbourne, Muan (begins July 25, 2013), [36] Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Perth, Riyadh (resumes December 1, 2013), San Francisco, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Sydney, Tagbilaran, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Xiamen
[36] Philippine Dubai (begins November 1, 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Singapore Airlines operated by PAL Express
Philippine Basco, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Calbayog, Catarman, Caticlan, Cotabato, Dipolog, Airlines Dumaguete, Kalibo, Legazpi, Masbate, Naga, Ozamiz, Puerto Princesa, Roxas City, Surigao, operated by Tacloban, Tuguegarao, Zamboanga PAL Express Qantas Qatar Airways Brisbane, Sydney Doha
1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4
Royal Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Airlines Saudia Singapore Airlines Sky Pasada SkyJet South East Asian Airlines Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh Singapore Basco Basco, Busuanga, Surigao (begins August 18, 2013), Virac Bacolod, Cebu, Davao (ends June 30, 2013), Iloilo, Kalibo, Laoag, Puerto Princesa, Tacloban
Thai Airways Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi International Tiger Airways United Airlines Singapore Guam, Koror Seasonal: Chuuk
1 1 1 3 4
Zest Airways Quanzhou, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong Zest Airways Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro (begins June 15, 2013), Cebu, Davao, Iloilo, Kalibo, Kota Kinabalu, [40] Kuala Lumpur, Puerto Princesa, Tacloban (ends June 30, 2013), Tagbilaran

Notes
41
^1 : This flight makes a stop between Manila and the listed destination. However, the airline does not have rights to transport passengers solely between Manila and intermediate stop.
Air routes from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Cargo
The following cargo airlines serve Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
Airlines Air Hong Kong Asiana Cargo China Airlines Cargo EVA Air Cargo FedEx Express Korean Air Cargo MASKargo Hong Kong Seoul-Incheon Hong Kong, Penang, Taipei-Taoyuan Taipei-Taoyuan Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenzhen Penang, Seoul-Incheon Kuala Lumpur Destinations
Shenzhen Donghai Airlines Shenzhen Transmile Air Services ULS Airlines Cargo Yangtze River Express Kuala Lumpur Istanbul-Atatrk Shanghai-Pudong
42
Structure
Runways
NAIA has a primary runway (3,737 m) running at 061/241 (designated as Runway 06/24) and a secondary runway (2,258 m) running at 136/316 (designated as Runway 13/31). The Runway 06/24 is capable as large as Airbus A380. On October 11, 2007, NAIA hosted the debut of the Airbus A380 in the Philippines, after test aircraft MSN009 (registered as F-WWEA, now currently operated by Emirates as A6-EDJ) landed on Runway 24. The test flight proved that the A380 could be flown in existing runways in Asia, and that the primary international airport of the Philippines can support aircraft as large as the A380.[41]
The visit of Airbus A380 in NAIA on October 11, 2007.
Other structures
The airport also serves as a gateway facility of the logistics company DHL.
MRO Facilities
Lufthansa Technik Philippines (LTP) (formerly PAL Technical Center) Founded in 2000 as a joint venture of German firm Lufthansa Technik AG (51%) and Philippine aviation service provider MacroAsia Corporation (49%), Lufthansa Technik Philippines offers a wide range of aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services to customers worldwide. The company heavily focuses on base maintenance checks for the A319/A320 and A330/A340 types of aircraft. Seven hangar bays and workshops have been upgraded to the latest industry standards to support aircraft maintenance, major modifications, cabin reconfigurations, engine maintenance and painting for A319/A320, A330/A340, A380, B747-400 and B777 aircraft. A new widebody hangar was recently added to meet the increasing demand for A330/A340 base maintenance checks. LTP provides total technical and engineering support for the entire Philippine Airlines (PAL) fleet. Aviation Partnership (Philippines) Corporation (A+ Phils) Aviation Partnership (Philippines) Corporation is SIA Engineering's third line maintenance joint venture outside Singapore. The joint venture of SIA Engineering Company (51%) and Cebu Pacific Air (49%) provides line maintenance, light aircraft checks and technical ramp handling as well as many other value-added services to Cebu Pacific Air and third-party airline customers at four major international airports Manila, Cebu and Davao and Clark as well as many other secondary airports in the Philippines.
43
Ground transportation
Inter-terminal transportation
The Manila International Airport Authority runs a shuttle bus system which connects all four terminals for the convenience of passengers who have onward connections on flights departing from another terminal. Shuttle buses run every fifteen minutes during daytime hours, but passengers are required to clear immigration and customs to use the system. Philippine Airlines operates an airside shuttle service between Terminals 2 and 3 for passengers connecting to onward Airphil Express flights and vice-versa.
External connections
Bus and jeepney Nine bus routes serve the airport from various points in Metro Manila: eight which go through Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), and one via Circumferential Road 5 (C-5):
Bus routes serving NAIA Route Norzagaray-Sapang Palay-NAIA via Commonwealth, Fairview Grotto-NAIA via EDSA, Fairview Terminus Norzagaray, Bulacan Service area Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, San Jose del Monte, Norzagaray Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, San Jose del Monte Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, San Jose del Monte Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, San Jose del Monte Operator(s) Luzon Bus Terminals served 2, 1
San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan Valenzuela City
CEM Trans, Ismael Bus Lines, Jayross Lucky Seven, Philippine Corinthian, RGM Grand Rally, Valisno Express NAIA Metro Link
2, 1
Grotto-NAIA via EDSA, Ayala, Buendia NAIA-San Jose del Monte via EDSA Malanday Terminal-NAIA via EDSA, Buendia, Ayala Bagong Silang-NAIA via Maligaya Park, EDSA NAIA-Malanday via EDSA, MacArthur
2, 1
Santrans
2, 1
Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Malanday Metro Link, NAIA Mandaluyong, Quezon City, Metro Link Valenzuela Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City Joyselle Express
2, 1
Novaliches, Quezon City Valenzuela City
2, 1 2, 1
Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, California Bus Lines, Laguna Mandaluyong, Quezon City, Starbus, Malanday Gold Caloocan (South), Malabon Express Valenzuela Paraaque, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City Pasay, Taguig, Makati, Pasig, Quezon City Fermina Express Citylink
Lagro-NAIA via Fairview Eastwood City-Marriott Terminal via Acropolis
Novaliches, Quezon City Bagumbayan, Quezon City
2, 1 3
All four terminals are also served by local jeepney routes serving Paraaque and Pasay.
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Rail The airport is connected, albeit indirectly, by rail: Baclaran station of the Manila Light Rail Transit System and Nichols station of the Philippine National Railways both serve the airport complex. An MIAA-operated shuttle bus also connects Terminal 3 to the Taft Avenue MRT Station. In the future, with the extension of the existing Yellow Line, a new station, Manila International Airport station, is set to connect the airport, albeit still indirectly, to the LRT. A four-station spur extension of the Yellow Line, directly connecting Terminal 3 to Baclaran, is also proposed. Road The NAIA Expressway or NAIA Skyway connecting NAIA/Sales Exit of Metro Manila Skyway and Andrews Avenue in front of Terminal 3. It would soon be extended to Domestic Road, linking with the Domestic Terminal, and NAIA Road before reaching the Coastal Road. Terminal 3 is served by Sales Exit of South Luzon Expressway, and the NAIA Road-Roxas Boulevard Intersection of Coastal Road serving Terminals 1, 2 and 4.
44
The Nichols railway station with the elevated roads above leading to the airport
Accidents and incidents

On February 24, 1949, Cathay Pacific (Douglas C-47A-90-DL). The crew aborted an approach in poor visibility and tried to go around. The aircraft struck a hillside near Braemar Reservoir. All 23 occupants were killed. On November 19, 1970, Douglas C-47As PI-C9 and PI-C15 of Philippine Air Lines, and Douglas DC-3D PI-C944 of Fairways Corportation were damaged beyond repair by Typhoon Patsy.[][][] On July 25, 1971, Pan American World Airways (Boeing 707-321C) The Boeing, named "Clipper Rising Sun", was on a cargo flight from San Francisco via Honolulu, Guam and Manila to Saigon. While on a VOR/DME approach to Manila runway 24, the aircraft struck Mount Kamunay at an altitude of 2525 feet (770 m). All 4 occupants were killed. On November 15, 1974, Douglas C-47A RP-C570 of OASIS was damaged beyond economic repair when a forced landing was made in a paddy field shortly after take-off from Manila International Airport following failure of the starboard engine. One of the eight people on board was killed.[] On February 7, 1980, China Airlines Boeing 707 originated from Taipei-Chiang Kai Shek International Airport (TPE) (TPE/RCTP) undershot the runway on landing and caught fire. Of all the 135 on board, there were only 2 fatalities. During 1982, Douglas C-47B RP-C3 of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas was damaged beyond repair in an accident at Manila International Airport.[] On August 21, 1983, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. was assassinated at the airport after returning to the Philippines from his self-imposed exile in the United States. Five years after the incident he was memorialized by having the airport named in his honor, by virtue of Republic Act No. 6639. On December 13, 1983, Douglas C-47B RP-C287 of Philair crashed shortly after take-off following an engine failure. The aircraft was on a non-scheduled passenger flight. All ten people on board survived.[] On May 6, 1989, Douglas C-47A RP-C82 of MATS crashed on following an engine failure. The aircraft was being used on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight although it was not licenced to carry passengers. All 18 people on board survived.[] On April 28, 1989 Douglas C-47A RP-C81 of Manila Aero Transport System (MATS) crashed shortly after take-off on a non-scheduled domestic passenger flight to Roxas Airport following an engine failure. MATS did not have a licence to fly passengers. Seven of the 22 passengers were killed. The aircraft had earlier made a
Ninoy Aquino International Airport forced landing on a taxiway at the airport.[] On July 21, 1989 Philippine Airlines Flight 124, a BAC One-Eleven overran a runway in poor visibility and heavy rain. No passengers or crew on board were killed but eight people on the ground were killed when the jet crossed a road.[42] On May 11, 1990, Philippine Airlines Flight 143, a Boeing 737300 suffered an explosion in the center fuel tank near the terminal of Ninoy Aquino International Airport while preparing for takeoff. The fire and smoke engulfed the aircraft before it could be completely evacuated. The explosion was similar to what happened to the ill-fated TWA Flight 800 six years later. 8 people died during the incident On May 18, 1990, Aerolift Philippines (Beechcraft 1900C-1) a Domestic Scheduled Passenger bound for Surigao Airport (SUG) (SUG/RPMS) Crashed into a residential area following takeoff. The Beech reportedly suffered an engine failure. All 21 occupants and 4 people on the ground were killed. On September 4, 2002, Asian Spirit flight 897 (de Havilland Canada DHC-7-102)carrying 49 occupants, was the last flight of the day to Caticlan and departed the Manila domestic airport for at 15:36 for a one hour flight. On approach to Caticlan the right main gear failed to deploy. The approach was abandoned and the crew decided to return to Manila for an emergency landing. The plane circled for about 35 minutes over Las Pias to burn off fuel. The crew then carried out an emergency landing with the right gear retracted on Manila's international airport runway 24. After touchdown the aircraft swerved off the runway onto a grassy area. There were no reported injuries or fatalities but the aircraft was Written off (damaged beyond repair). On November 11, 2002, Laoag International Airlines Flight 585 took off from Manila runway 31 at just after 6 o'clock for a flight to Laoag and Basco Airport (BSO). Shortly after takeoff engine trouble developed in the aircraft's left engine. The pilot declared an emergency and he tried to land the plane but decided at the last minute to ditch it into the sea. The aircraft broke up and sank in the water to a depth of about 60 feet. 19 of the 34 occupants were killed.[43] In March 2006, just before the scheduled soft-opening of terminal 3, a portion of its ceiling collapsed. This pushed back its initial partial opening until July 22, 2008. On July 25, 2008 Qantas Flight 30, a Boeing 747 headed from London to Melbourne with a stopover at Hong Kong, made an emergency landing at Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport. A gaping hole on the belly near the right wing was torn from the fuselage in mid-air when a large piece of what appeared to be canvas and a red piece of insulation material stuck out of the fuselage as if pushed by an explosion from the inside. The 747 was carrying 356 passengers and 19 crew but there were no reported injuries or fatalities.[44] On Sunday August 23, 2009, South East Asian Airlines flight DG-0624, flown by Dornier 328 RP-C6328, was hit by strong crosswind when decelerating after landing on runway 13. The aircraft veered off the runway and came to a stop in the grass. None of the 32 passengers and 3 crew was injured. The airport had to be temporarily closed for towing the Seair Dornier away. On October 17, 2009, Douglas DC-3 RP-C550 of Victoria Air crashed shortly after take-off on a flight to Puerto Princesa International Airport after an engine malfunctioned.The Plane Crashed near a factory in Las Pias. All on board died[] On June 19, 2010 The Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (DVOR) controlling NAIA's navigational aid malfunctioned due to a short circuit. Reports said that the incident was caused by a heavy rain downpour. Authorities were forced to close the whole airport for the whole evening and divert all air traffic to Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (now Clark International Airport) in Pampanga and Mactan-Cebu International Airport in Mactan Island, Cebu. Although they have to get some replacement parts from the Subic Bay International Airport's own VOR, the radar was repaired and daylight air traffic was restored to normal the following day while pilots limited only for a visual approach in all of its runways. On December 10, 2011, a Beechcraft 65-80 Queen Air cargo plane going to San Jose crashed into the Felixberto Serrano Elementary School in Paraaque, Metro Manila. The plane crashed after the takeoff plunge and crashed straight into the school. The cause of the crash is due to pilot error. It killed at least 14 people including 3 crew
45
Ninoy Aquino International Airport members on board the aircraft, and injuring over 20 people. Approximately 50 houses in the residential area were set ablaze by the subsequent fire caused by the plane crash.
46
References
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport& params=14_30_31_N_121_01_10_E_type:airport_region:PH [2] http:/ / 125. 60. 203. 88/ miaa/ [3] http:/ / globalnation. inquirer. net/ 61209/ naia-to-undergo-upgrading-in-2013-as-number-of-air-travellers-increase [4] Arroyo wants DMIA become top airport amid plan to close NAIA (http:/ / www. gmanews. tv/ story/ 78496/ Arroyo-wants-DMIA-become-top-airport-amid-plan-to-close-NAIA), GMA News and Public Affairs, January 29, 2008. [5] MIAA counts on double-digit passenger growth in 2010 (http:/ / business. inquirer. net/ money/ topstories/ view/ 20100124-249260/ MIAA-counts-on-double-digit-passenger-growth-in-2010), January 24, 2010 [6] NAIA worlds 34th busiest airport (http:/ / www. philstar. com/ headlines/ 2013/ 01/ 06/ 893743/ naia-worlds-34th-busiest-airport) [7] BRIEF HISTORY OF MIAA (http:/ / 125. 60. 203. 88/ miaa/ AIRPORT/ index. asp) [8] PLC - Arbitral award annulled for violation of claimant's right to be heard (http:/ / dispute. practicallaw. com/ 1-504-9581) [9] Fraport files new claim at ICSID over expropriation of airport terminal project; Annulment committee ruling paved way for new hearing by finding breach of investor's right to ... (http:/ / www. iareporter. com/ articles/ 20110331_7) [11] Abs-Cbn Interactive, Arroyo appoints Mike Defensor as NAIA-3 task force head (http:/ / www. abs-cbnnews. com/ storypage. aspx?StoryId=122210) [18] Airport Council International (http:/ / www. airports. org/ cda/ aci/ display/ main/ aci_content. jsp?zn=aci& cp=1-5_9_2). [19] MIAAs statistics the NAIA terminals handled (http:/ / globalnation. inquirer. net/ 61209/ naia-to-undergo-upgrading-in-2013-as-number-of-air-travellers-increase) [20] Airport : Terminal 1 (http:/ / 203. 160. 187. 194/ miaa/ AIRPORT/ T1. asp) Manila International Airport Authority (http:/ / 203. 160. 187. 194/ ) Accessed September 7, 2006 [21] TERMINAL 1 (http:/ / 125. 60. 203. 88/ miaa/ TERMINALS/ index. asp) [22] http:/ / 125. 60. 203. 88/ miaa/ index. php?option=com_content& view=category& layout=blog& id=21& Itemid=16 [23] Reviews of Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport with Passenger reviews about Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport standards (http:/ / www. airlinequality. com/ Airports/ Airport_forum/ mnl-2. htm) airlinequality.com. [24] (http:/ / www. mb. com. ph/ articles/ 340958/ aquino-oks-makeover-naia1) [25] This has yet to occur or commence. Cebu Pacific eyeing 'Airport City'--DOTC Inquirer.net, Philippine News for Filipinos (http:/ / globalnation. inquirer. net/ news/ breakingnews/ view_article. php?article_id=100262) globalnation.inquirer.net. [26] http:/ / www. rappler. com/ business/ 1330-naia-1-rehab,-facelift-complete-by-mid-2013 [27] airport-tech (http:/ / www. airport-technology. com/ projects/ ninoaquino/ ) [28] GMANews.TV NAIA 3 inspected for Monday opening report Nation Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs Latest Philippine News BETA (http:/ / www. gmanews. tv/ story/ 103407/ NAIA-3-inspected-again-for-Monday-opening---report). gmanes.tv. Accessed June 28, 2008. [29] Bright future for rural banks Business Mirror (http:/ / businessmirror. com. ph/ home/ companies/ 10300-bright-future-for-rural-banks. html) Accessed May 14, 2009. [31] Domestic Terminal (http:/ / 125. 60. 203. 88/ miaa/ TERMINALS/ mia. asp) [32] Cebu Pacific announces direct daily flights to Dubai (http:/ / www. cebupacificair. com/ pages/ PressReleases. aspx?pid=845) [33] Cebu Pacific bares direct flight from Manila to Phuket in August (http:/ / manilastandardtoday. com/ 2013/ 05/ 18/ cebu-pacific-bares-direct-flight-from-manila-to-phuket-in-august/ ) [34] http:/ / centreforaviation. com/ analysis/ ethiopian-airlines-extends-its-asian-reach-and-links-south-america-with-china-97845 [36] http:/ / www1. philippineairlines. com/ news-and-events/ pal-revs-expansion-kicks-12-new-routes/ [37] http:/ / www. abs-cbnnews. com/ business/ 05/ 22/ 13/ pal-halt-flights-india [38] http:/ / www1. philippineairlines. com/ files/ 2413/ 6837/ 7774/ International_Summer_Timetable_as_of_10May_2013. pdf [39] http:/ / www1. philippineairlines. com/ files/ 9313/ 7057/ 1367/ International_Summer_Timetable_as_of_06Jun_2013. pdf [41] AFP: Airbus super jumbo visits Philippines to show it is ready for Asia (http:/ / afp. google. com/ article/ ALeqM5geoixOnYfop8GWntLoE2nRBDzjOg), Agence France-Presse, October 11, 2007 [43] ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600 RP-C6888 Manila-Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL) [Manila Bay] (http:/ / aviation-safety. net/ database/ record. php?id=20021111-0) [44] Qantas 747 makes emergency landing at Manila Philstar.com The Filipino global community (http:/ / www. philstar. com/ index. php?Headlines& p=49& type=2& sec=24& aid=20080725173)
47
External links
Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport (http://www.manila-airport.net/) Manila International Airport Authority (http://125.60.203.88/miaa/) Current weather for RPLL (http://weather.NOAA.gov/weather/current/RPLL.html) at NOAA/NWS Accident history for MNL (http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=MNL) at Aviation Safety Network Interactive satellite view of NAIA (http://maps.google.com/?t=k&om=2&ie=UTF8&ll=14.512053,121. 008997&spn=0.037558,0.055275&z=14)
48
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Philippine Coast Guard
Philippine Coast Guard Hukbong Bantay Dagat ng Pilipinas Guardia Costera del Filipinas
Coat of Arms of the Philippine Coast Guard Founded Country Type Role Partof October 7, 1901 Philippines Coast Guard Maritime Law enforcement, Border control Department of Transportation and Communications, Armed Forces of the Philippines
Garrison/HQ Port Area, Manila Motto Mascot Website "Saving Lives" Dolphin www.coastguard.gov.ph
[1]
Commanders
Commandant Vice Admiral Rodolfo D. Isorena
The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) (Filipino: Hukbong Bantay Dagat ng Pilipinas) is an armed and uniformed service primarily tasked with enforcing laws within the Philippine waters, conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding life and property at sea, and protecting the marine environment and resources. similar to coast guards around the world. It is an attached agency of Department of Transportation and Communications of the Philippines. Currently, it is present throughout the archipelago, with twelve Coast Guard districts, fifty-four CG stations and over one hundred ninety CG detachments, from Basco, Batanes to Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.[2]
Units
The Philippine Coast Guard's major units include the Maritime Security and Law Enforcement Command (MSLEC) [formerly known as the Coast Guard Operating Forces (CGOF)], Marine Environmental Protection Command (MEPCOM), Maritime Safety Services Command (MSSC) [formerly knokwn as Aids to Navigation Command (ANC)], and the Coast Guard Education and Training Command (CGETC). Among the PCG's special units are the Coast Guard Fleet, Coast Guard Aviation Group, Coast Guard Special Operations Group, and the CG K-9 Unit. The PCG used to be under the Armed Forces of the Philippines, but is now fully under civilian authority under the Department of Transportation & Communication. Due to an increase in terrorist attacks, the PCG activated the Task Force Sea Marshals, a composite team from the PCG, AFP and Philippine National Police. These Sea Marshals ride on many passenger ferries traveling to and from Manila, and maintain a security presence aboard these ferries.
49
Coast Guard Air Group

The Coast Guard Air Group (CGAG) was formally activated on 18 May 1998 during the incumbency of Commodore Manuel de Leon as Commandant, PCG. Accordingly, Commander Noel Monte was designated as its first Commander holding office at the former PADC Hangar Nr. 3, Domestic Airport Complex, Pasay City. On 22 January 1999, after eight months of existence, CGAG acquired its first aircraft, a BN Islander from the Philippine National Oil Company Energy Development Corporation (PNOC EDC). After six months intensive inspection and rehabilitation, it was commissioned into Coast Guard service on 26 June 1999 as PCG251. On June 1999, the first helicopter, a MBB Bo 105CB was acquired from PADC and was commissioned with the tail number PCG1636. Another aircraft, a Cessna 421B "Golden Eagle" was acquired without cost from the Bureau of Soils and Water Management sometime in the early part of 2000. However, due to budgetary constraint, the aircraft rehabilitation was not yet completed up to this date. In the same year, another BN Islander with the tail number PCG684 was acquired. It was commissioned and activated on June 2002 after it underwent rehabilitation. On 30 March 2001, the helm of the CGAG was transferred to Captain Lino Darbi. In search for a bigger home for its growing inventory, on 21 November 2002, with the support of the SOTC, Pantaleon Alvarez, the Manila International Airport Authority allowed CGAG to occupy this present location. Extensive renovation works were undertaken to make the hangar suitable to be called the nerve center of all Coast Guard Air Operations. On 28 March 2003, the CGAG acquired another Bo 105C helicopter from PADC, aircraft carriers PSN-234 and was commissioned into the service as PCG145, and PCG-192 during the Groups 5th Founding Anniversary. With the intense need to have the capability to extract survivors from water, the said helicopter was fitted with a rescue hoist through the courtesy from the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Another significant milestone unfolded the history of the Group when the PCG leadership was turned over to Vice Admiral Arthur Gosingan. Through the intense endorsement of the Commander, CGOF, Rear Admiral Damian Carlos in recognizing the importance of the air unit in coast guard operations and their outstanding accomplishments has granted the aviators their most aspired yearning for their career by approving the Groups position paper on the Command Pilot Rating. This enables the aviators to have an equal opportunity with officers that acquired a Command at Sea Badge to assume position to higher responsibilities in the Coast Guard hierarchy. Today, the yoke of CGAG was entrusted to Commodore Aaron Reconquista.
Special Operations Group

The Philippine Coast Guard's Special Operations Group (CGSOG) is the special forces unit of the Philippine Coast Guard. It is a domestic counter-terrorism and law enforcement unit directly under its control, particularly notable for their involvement in the aftermath of the 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing.[3]
Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary

The Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary is the civilian support group for the Philippine Coast Guard. Although a volunteer, civilian organization, the PCGA uses a military structure for organizational purposes. Like other volunteer sea rescue organizations around the world, it performs non-military and non-police activities in support of its national navy or coast guard. These endeavors include search and rescue, environmental protection, disaster relief, community service, and marine safety.
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History
The new Philippine Coast Guard law (RA 9993, the Philippine Coast Guard Law of 2009 [4]) established the guard as a distinct law enforcement identity (sui generis). The PCG has been expanding its capabilities for the last 9 years. []
Ships in service
Vessel BRP Batangas (SARV 004) Origin Australia Builder Tenix Class (San Juan Class , 56 meter) Commissioned 2003 Notes All 56 meter vessels equipped with [] helipad. [] All 56 meter vessels equipped with helipad. All 56 meter vessels equipped with helipad. All 56 meter vessels equipped with helipad.
BRP Pampanga (SARV 003) BRP EDSA II (SARV 002) BRP San Juan (SARV 001) BRP Davao del Norte (SARV [] 3504) BRP Romblon [] (SARV 3503) BRP Nueva Vizcaya (SARV [] 3502) BRP Ilocos Norte [] (SARV 3501) BRP Tirad Pass [] (AU-100) BRP Bessang [] Pass (AU-75) BRP Corregidor [] (AE-891) BRP Kalinga [] (AG-89)
Australia
Tenix
(San Juan Class , 56 meter)
February 2003
Australia
Tenix
October 2000 []
[]
Australia
Tenix
June 2000 2003
Australia
Tenix
(Ilocos Norte Class, 35 meter)
Australia
Tenix
2003
Australia
Tenix
2001
Australia
Tenix
2001
Japan
unknown
Bessang Pass-class SAR vessel
[]
unknown
Japan
unknown
Bessang Pass-class SAR vessel
unknown
Japan
Niigata Engineering Marine Iron and SB Corp.
Corregidor-class navigational aid tender
3 February 1998
Lone ship of class
United States
ex-USCG Balsam-class navigational aid tender, USCGCRedbud(WLB-398)
1 March 1972
Refitted in Cavite Dockyard in Nov 1995.
BRP Limasawa [] (AE-79)
United States
Ingalls, Pascagoula, Mississippi unknown
ex U.S. Coast Guard navigational aid tender, USCGCNettle(WAK-169)
Loaned 9 January 1968, Sister ship BRP purchased 31 August Mangyan (AS-71) is 1978 in Philippine Navy. unknown Undergoing engine repair.
BRP Palawan [] (PG-64)
United States
unnamed (ex-US PGM-39 class)
MT Tug Habagat unknown [] (TB-271)
unknown
unknown
unknown
Note: Some BFAR ships/boats are manned by PCG personnel.
51
Acquisitions
On 30 October 2012, it was announced in the media that the Philippines will buy five patrol boats from France for about 90 million euros ($116 million). Rear Admiral Luis Tuason, the chief of the coastguard, said one 82-metre (271-foot) ship and four 24-metre (79-foot) patrol craft would be delivered by 2014.[] During Japan's Minister of Foreign Affairs visit to Philippines on January 2013, Minister Fumio Kishida underscored the role of Japan as Philippines' strategic ally. In the conference, he stressed that Japan will have to provide 10 patrol vessels to the Philippine Coast Guard in a loan basis. [][]
Aircraft in service
Aircraft Britten-Norman Islander MBB Bo 105 Eurocopter EC145 Country of Origin Quantity Notes 4 grounded []
United Kingdom 3 Germany Germany 5 2
Delivery in 2012
Multi-purpose Maritime Helicopters

This acquisition project was a "priority". The helicopters have to be capable of multi-mission capability and autopilot. It must also have small ship take-off/landing capability, and must have twin engines and high payload. The helicopters will be the EC-145 of which 2 units have been purchased as of February 2012 and delivery is expected soon.[][5]
References
[1] http:/ / www. coastguard. gov. ph [2] Mission - Pulse of the Maritime Environment Philippine Coast Guard News (http:/ / www. coastguard. gov. ph/ content/ ?page_id=13) [3] Number of missing passengers rises. (http:/ / www. mb. com. ph/ issues/ 2004/ 03/ 01/ MAIN200403013680. html) Retrieved on June 21, 2007. [4] http:/ / www. senate. gov. ph/ lis/ bill_res. aspx?congress=14& q=SBN-3389 [5] http:/ / www. zambotimes. com/ archives/ 43251-Philippine-Coast-Guard-to-get-1,-2-Eurocopters-EC145-to-boost-search-and-rescue-operations. html
External links
Official website (http://www.coastguard.gov.ph) History of the Philippine Coast Guard from Official website (http://www.coastguard.gov.ph/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=53) Department of Transportation and Communications (http://www.dotc.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_k2& view=item&id=47&Itemid=18)
Maritime Industry Authority (Philippines)
52
Maritime Industry Authority (Philippines)

Maritime Industry Authority Pangasiwaan ng Kalakalang Pandagat
Agency overview Formed June 1, 1974
Agency executive Atty. Nicasio A. Conti, Administrator Parent Agency Department of Transportation and Communications Website
http:/ / www. marina. gov. ph
The Philippines' Maritime Industry Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Kalakalang Pandagat), abbreviated as MARINA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and Communications responsible for integrating the development, promotion and regulation of the maritime industry in the Philippines.
History
The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) was created on June 1, 1974 with the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 474 to integrate the development, promotion and regulation of the maritime industry in the country. It was originally placed under the Office of the President. With the creation of the Ministry (now, Department) of Transportation and Communications by virtue of Executive Order No. 546 was attached to the DOTC for policy and program coordination on July 23, 1979. The regulatory function of the MARINA was increased with issuance of EO No. 1011 which abolished the Board of Transportation and transferred the quasi-judicial functions pertaining to water transportation to the MARINA. On January 30, 1987, EO No. 125 (amended by EO 125-A) was issued reorganizing the Department of Transportation and Communications. The powers and functions of the department and the agencies under its umbrella were defined which further increased the responsibility of the MARINA to the industry.
Sectoral coverages
MARINA has jurisdiction over the development, promotion and regulation of all enterprises engaged in the business of designing, constructing, manufacturing, acquiring, operating, supplying, repairing, and/or maintaining vessels, or component parts thereof, of managing and/or operating shipping lines, shipyards, drydocks, marine railways, marine repair ships, shipping and freight forwarding agencies and similar enterprises..
External links
MARINA Homepage [1]
References
[1] http:/ / www. marina. gov. ph
Philippine Ports Authority
53

Philippine Ports Authority Pangasiwaan ng mga Daungan ng Pilipinas
Agency overview Superseding agency Seaports of the Philippines Parent Agency Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.ppa.com.ph
[1]
The Philippine Ports Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng mga Daungan ng Pilipinas, abbreviated PPA) is a government-owned corporation under the Department of Transportation and Communications as an attached agency. It is responsible for financing, management and operations of public ports throughout the Philippines, except the port of Cebu, which is under the Cebu Ports Authority.
History
Prior to the creation of PPA, port administration in the Philippines was merged with the traditional function of revenue collection of the Bureau of Customs (BOC). Port and harbor maintenance was the responsibility of the Bureau of Public Works (BPW). In the early 1970s, there were already 591 natiot planning, development, operations and regulation at the national level. Around this time, the Bureau of Customs had proposed to the Reorganization Committee and to Congress the creation of a separate government agency to integrate the functions of port operations, cargo handling and port development and maintenance to enable the Bureau to concentrate on tax and customs duties collection. Moreover manage the country's ports. Hence, the Philippine Ports Authority was created under Presidential Decree No. 505 which was subsequently amended by P.D. No. 857 in December 1975. The latter decree broadened the scope and functions of the PPA to facilitate the implementation of an integrated program for the planning, development, financing, operation and maintenance of ports or port districts for the entire country. In 1978, the charter was further amended by Executive Order No. 513 the salient features of which were the granting of police authority to the PPA, the creation of a National Ports Advisory Council (NPAC) to strengthen cooperation between the government and the private sector, and the empowering of the Authority to exact reasonable administrative fines for specific violations of its rules and regulations. By virtue of its charter, the PPA was attached to what was then the Department of Public Works and Highways's responsibility. The executive order also granted PPA financial autonomy.
P 6 Billion Just Compensation Award

On August 24, 2007, the Philippine Supreme Court (per 24-page decision by Angelina Sandoval-Gutierrez), ordered PPA to pay 231 residents of Batangas City the just compensation sum of P6 billion as payment of 185 lots it bought in 2001 for the construction of Phase 2 of the Batangas Port Zone.[2] On September 6, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines orders status quo on PPA expropriation in Batangas (of 1,298,340 square meters of land to be used for the development of Phase II of the Batangas City port).[3]
54
References
[1] http:/ / www. ppa. com. ph [2] GMA NEWS.TV, Batangas City lot owners win P6-B lawsuit vs PPA (http:/ / www. gmanews. tv/ story/ 57797/ Batangas-City-lot-owners-win-P6-B-lawsuit-vs-PPA) [3] Inquirer.net, SC orders status quo on PPA expropriation in Batangas (http:/ / newsinfo. inquirer. net/ topstories/ topstories/ view_article. php?article_id=87057)
External links
PPA Homepage (http://www.ppa.com.ph)
Article Sources and Contributors
55
Article Sources and Contributors

Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=558417440 Contributors: After Midnight, Akuindo, Barrera marquez, Benstown, Bluemask, Cda stitch, Chinchanchon, Christian Layug, CommonsDelinker, Dotcpid, East718, Exec8, Florentino floro, Glenncando, Good Olfactory, Hongooi, Howard the Duck, J.delanoy, Jeepday, JoeCo0327, Joseph Solis in Australia, Kabino, Marleg77, Marletbadeo, Mithril Cloud, Moi-Hieronimus, Niconazareno, Rafaelvicentemarquez, Rayrc1, Rizalninoynapoleon, Rjwilmsi, Ruffyuppie, Sardanaphalus, Sky Harbor, SunKing, Supergabbyshoe, Tabletop, Visik, Vivafilipinas, WayKurat, Wikiperdy, Wintersira, Woohookitty, Zararo, Zollerriia, 52 anonymous edits Land Transportation Office (Philippines) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=533443998 Contributors: Allen3, Bluemask, Emperork, GregorB, Jimmatt.ham97, Marleg77, RHaworth, Rafaelvicentemarquez, Ramon FVelasquez, Rjwilmsi, Seav, Swpb, Widr, Zollerriia, 10 anonymous edits Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=556423129 Contributors: Bluemask, Emperork, Loren.wilton, Materialscientist, Rafaelvicentemarquez, Sky Harbor, Wavehunter, Zollerriia, 10 anonymous edits Light Rail Transit Authority Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=559364459 Contributors: Adkranz, Baliwag farinas, Bluemask, Cda stitch, Jeromesandilanico, Sky Harbor, 5 anonymous edits Philippine National Railways Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=559364867 Contributors: Abhishek191288, Ace Mendiola, Alarics, Alcogoodwin, Arius1998, Arwel Parry, Axver, BD2412, Baliwag farinas, Barrera marquez, Bearcat, Blue6, Bluemask, Bobblewik, Boogie314, Bruce Hall, C111222333444, Chaleyer61, CitizenOfAlbay, Colonies Chris, Compgeo.98, DePiep, Dirk Paul Kulits, Dthomsen8, Dyjodee, Emperork, Endo-Plexor, Ennen, Euphonikid, Florentino floro, Gaius Cornelius, Gareon, Gubernatoria, Gwernol, Hitomi, Illusoir, J.christianson, J3ff, JameiLei, Jeromesandilanico, Jman, Joeydaninja, Johnwilmer06, Jon21488, Joseph Solis in Australia, Junipers Liege, Justox dizaola, Kamuixtv, Kel 0814, Khazar2, L Kensington, La Utnog, Leo de Beo, Leodb, LilHelpa, Magasin, Manager0916, Miguel raul, Mithril Cloud, Nakakapagpabagabag, Nickrds09, Niconazareno, Nikbert16, Ohconfucius, PBP, PNRStreamliner, Palexjohn, Peter Horn, Philippinerailways, Picapica, Pinas Central, Quiensabe, R'n'B, RafaelMinuesa, Rickvaughn, Rlsadiz, Sachet2, Shoujun, Sky Harbor, Slambo, Sonett72, Squids and Chips, TOMITE, Tabletop, Teria, Tony1, Tutmosis, User2004, Utnog La, Vanished user 5zariu3jisj0j4irj, WayKurat, 147 anonymous edits Metro Rail Transit Corporation Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=459518324 Contributors: Baliwag farinas, Bearcat, Bluemask, Bobblewik, Brighterorange, Chinchanchon, Chris the speller, Depot Man, Edward, Enkyo2, FleetCommand, Florentino floro, Galaxiaad, Geni, Giraffedata, Hmains, L Kensington, La Utnog, Mithril Cloud, Rail Head, Receptacle, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Sfan00 IMG, Sky Harbor, Swanwing, Tabletop, WayKurat, 119 anonymous edits Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=545686615 Contributors: Bjmarfito, Bluemask, Bruce Hall, Cybercobra, Emperork, F-16Pilot, Florentino floro, Ground Zero, Jason Quinn, Joseph Solis in Australia, Magioladitis, Manilaskies, Mr Accountable, Neutrality, Pascal666, Rafaelvicentemarquez, Rich Farmbrough, Rizalninoynapoleon, Rjwilmsi, Russavia, Sky Harbor, Tabletop, WhisperToMe, YSSYguy, Zararo, Zollerriia, 15 anonymous edits Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=551965116 Contributors: Bluemask, Marletbadeo, Misarxist, Mr Accountable, Mr pand, Niconazareno, Rafaelvicentemarquez, Zollerriia Mactan-Cebu International Airport Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=558006571 Contributors: 124x247x221x146, 777sms, A900040a900040, ANG99, ATLANTA819, Adkranz, Albert777MAX, Alzamento, Audude08, Bobblewik, Bruce Hall, Burgundavia, CHCBOY, COOL JHX, Cashier freak, Christian Mac Juane, CommonsDelinker, D.c.camero, Dave iconas, Dennislyh, Drdisque, Drmies, Dyjodee, Edcolins, Elektrik blue 82, Feydey, Gatekeeper0711, Gebherbosa, Gilliam, Gittinsj, Glenncando, Gorillazfeelgoodinc, Hawaiian717, HkCaGu, Huaiwei, Immortal sanctus, JLRAtwil, JLaTondre, Jasepl, Jayen466, Jessica acebedo, Jockster 87, JoeCo0327, Joseph Solis in Australia, KevinZenielPerez1990, Khazar2, Kjbaldio, Klub97, Kmusser, Lawrence Cohen, Lightning Ace1995, LilHelpa, Lovebus, Lzdimitar, M.nelson, Magalhes, Marletbadeo, MarsRover, Mawai, Michael.angelo, MichaelRyanSYu, Miguel raul, MilborneOne, Nanrisen, Neilc, Nichetas, Omie94, P199, Per aspera ad Astra, PikDig, Pinas Central, Pinoy78, Pogi123, PresLoiLoi, Qele, Rabbit 20, Researcher1982, Rex4ds, Rich Farmbrough, Russavia, Sb617, Sharpie2007, Shin368, Siegfried.schneider, Sky Harbor, Slyder, Snoozlepet, Spikydan1, Sulhan81, SunKing, TenOfAllTrades, ThevikasIN, Thingg, Tim3122, Tobibln, USAMissions, Unlawyer, Urville86, Username12, Vegaswikian, Versageek, Wenzi, WhisperToMe, Wng, Zidlakan, Zollerriia, Zorok2008, Zyxw, 602 anonymous edits Ninoy Aquino International Airport Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=559475106 Contributors: 124x247x221x146, 23prootie, 777sms, 9shaun, AKMask, ANG99, AP1787, Abomasnow, Ace495, Adkranz, AdultSwim, Adv96008, Akamaramba, Akosikupal, Alansohn, Albert777MAX, AlbertR, Aldis90, Altarep, AndrewStar, AnimalExtender, Ann Stouter, ApprenticeFan, Arkanov92, Asterion, Audude08, Backslash Forwardslash, Badudoy, Benstown, Blueeeeeeee, Bluemask, Boken, Boogyboy1978, Briaboru, Bruce Hall, Bruce-nilo1, Burgundavia, COOL JHX, CambridgeBayWeather, Caniago, Canterbury Tail, Carabaopower, CarloPlyr440, Cashier freak, Catungal9, Catungalz, Charmedaddict, Chris the speller, Christian Mac Juane, Chuggernaut, CityAirline, Claicers, CommonsDelinker, Compaddict11, Craigy144, CreativExplorer101, Cst17, D.c.camero, DB, Daltnpapi4u, Darkcore, Darkspots, Darren23, Dave iconas, Dave1185, Dave6, Deekay744, Deflective, Deltanalliance, Denisarona, Destron Commander, Dewritech, DjShooter71, Djingle777, Dmcuniversal, Donmla14, Dyjodee, East718, Edward, Elektrik blue 82, Elhombre9, Eliz2009, Elydelacruz, Enzofroilan, Eternal dragon, Eumolpo, FamilyGuy1998, Fifteencounts, Florentino floro, Flywitheli, Fred Bradstadt, Friedfish, Frj1947, Fudoreaper, Gadfium, Gaimhreadhan, Gebherbosa, Geoffmayo, Gerald Farinas, Gittinsj, Glenncando, Gogo92, GoingBatty, Grebaldar, GretchBacayan, Hawaiian717, Haynaku, HkCaGu, HobbesPDX, Homboy, Howard the Duck, Howcheng, Huaiwei, Icomparetv, J.delanoy, Jacktheladz, Jacsam2, Jangarin, Jasepl, Jdanctan, Jerichochang97, JesseW, Jessica acebedo, Jetstreamer, Jezrelkayiliganon, Jim1138, Jmc24, Jockster 87, JoeCo0327, JohnMarcelo, Johnnie ong, Johnpsolis, JonasJavier, Joseph Solis in Australia, 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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

file:Seal of the Department of Transportation and Communications of the Philippines.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Seal_of_the_Department_of_Transportation_and_Communications_of_the_Philippines.png License: unknown Contributors: Department of Transportation and Communications File:PampangaProvincialCapitoljfccd.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PampangaProvincialCapitoljfccd.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramon FVelasquez Image:Lrtalogo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lrtalogo.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Cda stitch file:PNR Sucat train.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PNR_Sucat_train.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Joshua Lim (Sky Harbor) File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Achim1999 File:Philippine National Railways.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippine_National_Railways.png License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was TheCoffee at en.wikipedia File:Ferrocarril Manila-Dagupan 1885.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ferrocarril_Manila-Dagupan_1885.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anonymous File:BSicon_BHF orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_BHF_orange.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Germany Contributors: Bernina & axpde (modified by Dinamik) File:BSicon_STRlf orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_STRlf_orange.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: BSicon_exSTRlf_orange.svg: Sameboat derivative work: Tuvalkin File:BSicon_ABZ+lr orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZ+lr_orange.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:YLSS File:BSicon_STRrf orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_STRrf_orange.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: BSicon_exSTRlf_orange.svg: Sameboat derivative work: Tuvalkin File:BSicon_INT orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_INT_orange.svg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: User:Laukatu File:BSicon_WBRCKE orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_WBRCKE_orange.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Usama File:BSicon_exBHF orange.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_exBHF_orange.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Germany Contributors: Bernina & axpde (modified by Dinamik) File:PNR Tayuman 2009 MC.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PNR_Tayuman_2009_MC.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Mithril Cloud File:PNR DMU MC 2010.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PNR_DMU_MC_2010.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Mithril Cloud File:Philippine Railways- Sucat.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippine_Railways-_Sucat.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Philippinerailways File:Philippine Railways- Bicutan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippine_Railways-_Bicutan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Philippinerailways File:Philippine Railways PNR Ligao Station.jpeg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippine_Railways_PNR_Ligao_Station.jpeg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: King of Hearts, Magog the Ogre, Philippinerailways, Ronhjones, 1 anonymous edits Image:Philippine Railways PNR Buendia Station.jpeg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippine_Railways_PNR_Buendia_Station.jpeg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: Philippinerailways File:PNR Pasay 2011.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PNR_Pasay_2011.jpg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: Philippinerailways File:SRTS Full Map Oct-2010 MC.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SRTS_Full_Map_Oct-2010_MC.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: Jerome Sandilanico Image:MRT-3 Phase-1 Funding Components.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MRT-3_Phase-1_Funding_Components.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Swanwing File:Mactan Cebu International Airport.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mactan_Cebu_International_Airport.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Magalhes file:Philippines location map.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Philippines_location_map.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: NordNordWest Image:Cebuairportmap.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cebuairportmap.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Kmusser File:NAIA Terminal 3 2009 MC.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA_Terminal_3_2009_MC.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Mithril Cloud. Original uploader was Mithril Cloud at en.wikipedia File:Increase2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Increase2.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Sarang Image:NAIAMap.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIAMap.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Darkcore (talk). Original uploader was Darkcore at en.wikipedia Image:NAIA Terminal 3 Departure 2009 MC.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA_Terminal_3_Departure_2009_MC.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Mithril Cloud File:NAIA from the Air.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA_from_the_Air.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Badudoy Image:Manilaairportmap.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Manilaairportmap.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Kmusser Image:NAIA Airport.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA_Airport.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Johnpsolis at en.wikipedia Image:NAIA-Termina-1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA-Termina-1.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Jay Solis Image:Centennialphoto.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Centennialphoto.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: John Paul Solis - Johnpsolis at en.wikipedia file:ManilaTerminal3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ManilaTerminal3.jpg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: Mattun0211 file:NAIA Terminal 3 (2).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NAIA_Terminal_3_(2).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Carabaopower File:Air routes from MNL.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Air_routes_from_MNL.png License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: PikDig Image:A380manilavisit.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A380manilavisit.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Dawnseeker2000, Dmcuniversal, Koavf, 1 anonymous edits File:Nichols railway Station.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nichols_railway_Station.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Barrera marquez File:Flag of Australia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter File:Flag of Japan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Japan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie File:Flag of the United States.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Good Olfactory, Mifter File:Flag of Germany.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Germany.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie
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TRANSPORTATION

Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)

Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)

Under Fidel V. Ramos

Future State of DOTC

Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)

Attached Agencies of DOTC

Land Transportation Office (Philippines)

Land Transportation Office, Pampanga Provincial Capitol Office.

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)

Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)

Light Rail Transit Authority

Light Rail Transit Authority

Type Industry Founded

State-owned Public transport Philippines (12 July 1980)

Philippine National Railways

Philippine National Railways

Status Locale Termini Stations Services Daily ridership

3ft6in (1,067mm) Cape gauge

Philippine National Railways

Philippine National Railways

Passengers posing in front of the "Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan" (ca 1885)

Philippine National Railways

In operation Support equipment

2[citation needed] Rail Mounted Crane 10 tons

Support equipment capacity

Operations and services

Philippine National Railways

Philippine National Railways

Previously, Commex runs were performed exclusively by PNR GE locomotives.

Philippine National Railways

At present, Kiha 52 one the primary trains used today.

A PNR Kiha 52 train, at Ligao Station.

The newly refurbished Pasay Road railway station.

Philippine National Railways

Southrail Project (Conventional Line)

Northrail Project (High Speed Railway)

Philippine National Railways

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

Formation and Purpose of Metro Rail Transit Corporation

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

The BLT Agreement

Project Funding Components

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

The Rail Vehicle Supply Agreement

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

Department of Transportation and Communications Website www.caap.gov.ph

Cory Aquino Presidency

FAA and EU downgrades and other controversies

Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines)

Civil Aeronautics Board (Philippines)

Mactan-Cebu International Airport

Mactan-Cebu International Airport

ElevationAMSL Coordinates Website

Coordinates: 101848N 1235858E [1]

Mactan-Cebu International Airport

Aircraft movements Metric tonnes of cargo 2012 Philippine Statistical Yearbook

Mactan-Cebu International Airport

Terminals, airlines and destinations

Destinations with service from Cebu

Mactan-Cebu International Airport