Reykjavk

Reykjavk
Reykjavk Reykjavkurborg[1]
City and Municipality

View of Reykjavik from the top of Perlan showing the spire of Hallgrmskirkja (photograph July 2011)

Flag Coat of arms

Location in Iceland Coordinates: 6408N 2156W Country Constituency Iceland Reykjavk North Reykjavk South [2]

Government Mayor (Borgarstjri) Area City and Municipality Metro 274.5km2 (106sqmi) 777km2 (300sqmi) Jn Gnarr

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Population (2011) City and Municipality Density Metro Metrodensity Time zone Postal code Website 119,108 436.5/km2 (1,131/sqmi) 202,341 259.4/km2 (672/sqmi) GMT (UTC+0) 101-155 www.rvk.is [3]

Reykjavk (Icelandic pronunciation:[reicavik]( listen)) is the capital and largest city in Iceland. Its latitude, at 6408' N, makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxafli Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavk Area), it is the heart of Iceland's economic and governmental activity. Reykjavk is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Inglfur Arnarson is said to have established around 870 C.E. Until the 18th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities. It is among the cleanest, best organized, and safest cities in the world.[citation needed]

History
The first permanent settlement in Iceland by Norsemen is believed to have been established in Reykjavk by Inglfur Arnarson from Norway around AD 870; this is described in Landnmabk, or the Book of Settlement. Inglfur Arnarson is said to have decided the location of his settlement using a traditional Viking method; by casting his high seat pillars (ndvegisslur) into the ocean when he saw the coastline, then settled where the pillars came to shore. Steam from hot springs in the region is said to have inspired Reykjavk's name, which loosely translates to Smoke Cove (the city is often referred to as the Bay of Smokes or Bay of Smoke)[4] The original name was Reykjarvk with an additional "r" that vanished around 1300.[citation needed] Reykjavk is not mentioned in any medieval sources except as a regular farm land but the 18th century saw the beginning of urban concentration there. The Danish rulers of Iceland backed the idea of domestic industry in Iceland that would help to stimulate much-needed progress on the island.[citation needed] In 1752, the King of Denmark, Frederik the 5th, donated the estate of Reykjavk to the Innrttingar Corporation; the name comes from Danish "indretninger", meaning institution. The leader of this movement was Skli Magnsson. In the 1750s several houses were constructed to house the wool industry that was to be Reykjavk's most important employer for a few decades and the original reason for its existence. Other crafts were also practiced by

Inglfur commands his high seat pillars to be erected in this painting by Johan Peter Raadsig.

Reykjavk in the 1860s

Reykjavk the Innrttingar, such as fisheries, sulphur mining, agriculture, and shipbuilding.[citation needed] The Danish Crown abolished monopoly trading in 1786 and granted six communities around the country an exclusive trading charter, Reykjavk was one of them and the only one to hold on to the charter permanently. The year 1786 is regarded as the date of the city's founding; its 200th anniversary was celebrated in 1986. Trading rights were still limited to the subjects of the Danish Crown however, and Danish traders continued to dominate trade in Iceland. Over the following decades, their business in Iceland expanded. After 1880, free trade was expanded to all nationalities and the influence of Icelandic merchants started to grow.

Rise of nationalism
Icelandic nationalist sentiment gained influence in the 19th century and ideas of Icelandic independence became widespread. Reykjavk, as Iceland's only city, was the melting pot of such ideas. Advocates of an independent Iceland realized that a strong Reykjavk was fundamental to that objective. All the important years in the history of the independence struggle are important for Reykjavk as well. In 1845, Alingi, the general assembly formed in 930AD, was re-established in Reykjavk; it had been suspended a few decades earlier when it was located at Thingvellir. At the time it only functioned as an advisory assembly with the function of advising the King about Icelandic affairs. The location of Alingi in Reykjavk effectively established the city as the capital of Iceland. In 1874 Iceland was given a constitution and with it, Alingi gained some limited legislative powers and in essence became the institution that it is today. The next step was to move most of the executive power to Iceland and that was done by Home Rule in 1904 when the office of minister for Iceland was established in Reykjavk. The biggest step towards an independent Iceland was taken December 1, 1918 when Iceland became a sovereign country under the Crown of Denmark, the Kingdom of Iceland. In the 1920s and 1930s most of the growing Icelandic fishing trawler fleet sailed from Reykjavk and salt-cod production was the main industry but the Great Depression hit Reykjavk hard with unemployment and labour union struggles that sometimes became violent.

World War II
In the morning of May 10, 1940, following the German occupation of Denmark and Norway on April 9, four warships approached Reykjavk and anchored in the harbour. In a few hours, the allied occupation of Reykjavk was complete. There was no armed resistance and taxi and truck drivers even assisted the invasion force which had no motor vehicles initially. The Icelandic government had received many requests from the British government to consent to the occupation, but they always declined on the basis of the Neutrality Policy. For the remaining years of World War II, British and later American soldiers built bases in Reykjavk; the number of foreign soldiers in Reykjavk became about the same as the local population of the city. The Royal Regiment of Canada (RREGTC) formed part of the garrison in Iceland during the early part of the war. The economic effects of the occupation were quite positive for Reykjavk: the unemployment of the depression years vanished and construction work was begun. The British built Reykjavk Airport, which is still in service today, mostly serving domestic flights; the Americans built Keflavk Airport, which later became Iceland's primary international airport, situated 50km from Reykjavk. In 1944 the Republic of Iceland was founded and a president elected in popular elections replaced the King; the office of the president was placed in Reykjavk.

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Post-war development
In the post-war years, the growth of Reykjavk accelerated. A mass exodus from the rural countryside began, largely due to improved technology in agriculture that reduced the need for manpower, and because of the population boom resulting from better living conditions in the country. A once primitive village was rapidly transformed into a modern city. Private cars became common and modern apartment complexes rose in the expanding suburbs. Much of Reykjavk lost its village feel. In 1972, Reykjavk hosted the world chess championship between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. Reykjavk has in the last two decades become a significant player in the global community. The 1986 Reykjavk Summit between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev underlined Reykjavk's new-found international status. Deregulation in the financial sector and the computer revolution of the 1990s have transformed Reykjavk yet again. The financial sector and information technology are now significant employers in the city. The city has fostered some world famous talents in recent years, such as Bjrk, lafur Arnalds and bands Mm, Sigur Rs, and Of Monsters and Men, and poet Sjn.

Geography
Reykjavk is located in southwest Iceland. The Reykjavk area coastline is characterized by peninsulas, coves, straits, and islands. During the Ice Age (up to 10,000 years ago) a large glacier covered parts of the city area, reaching as far out as lftanes. Other parts of the city area were covered by sea water. In the warm periods and at the end of the Ice Age, some hills like skjuhl were islands. The former sea level is indicated by sediments (with clams) reaching (at skjuhl, for example) as far as 43m (141.08ft) above the current sea level. The hills of skjuhl and Sklavruholt appear to be the remains of former shield volcanoes which were active during the warm periods of the Ice Age. After the Ice Age, the land rose as the heavy load of the glaciers fell away, and began to look as it does today. The capital city area continued to be shaped by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, like the one 4500 years ago in the mountain range Blfjll, when the lava coming down the Ellia valley reached the sea at the bay of Elliavogur.

Reykjavk seen from above

The largest river to run through Reykjavk is the Ellia River, which is non-navigable. It is one of the best salmon fishing rivers in the country. Mt. Esja, at 914m (2,998.69ft), is the highest mountain in the vicinity of Reykjavk.

Esja, the mountain range in the north of Reykjavk.

The city of Reykjavk is mostly located on the Seltjarnarnes peninsula, but the suburbs reach far out to the south and east. Reykjavk is a spread-out city; most of its urban area is in the form of low-density suburbs, and houses are usually widely spaced. The outer residential neighborhoods are also widely spaced from each other; in between them run the main traffic arteries and a lot of empty space.

Panorama of Reykjavk seen from Perlan with the mountains Akrafjall (middle) and Esja (right) in the background

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Climate
Reykjavk

Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in C Precipitation totals in mm Source: WMO

Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D

Average max. and min. temperatures in F Precipitation totals in inches

Temperatures very rarely drop below 15 C (5F) in the winter. This is because the Icelandic coastal weather in winter is moderated by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The climate is subpolar oceanic (Koppen: Cfc ), and the city is on the northern edge of the temperate zone. The city's coastal location does make it prone to wind, however, and gales are common in winter. Summers are cool, with temperatures fluctuating between 10 to 15 C (50to 59F), sometimes exceeding 20 C (68F). Reykjavk is not a particularly wet city, but it nevertheless averages 148 days with measurable precipitation every year. Droughts are uncommon although they occur in some summers. In the summer of 2007, no rain was measured for one month. Spring tends to be the sunniest season, May particularly. Annual sunshine hours in Reykjavk are around 1,300,[5] which is comparable with other places in Northern and

Reykjavk North-Eastern Europe, such as Glasgow, Scotland. The highest ever recorded temperature in Reykjavk was 26.2 C (79F), recorded on July 30, 2008, while the lowest ever recorded temperature was 24.5 C (12F), recorded on January 21, 1918.[6] The temperature has not dropped to below 20 C (4F) since January 30, 1971.[7]
Climate data for Reykjavik (normals 19812010, extremes 1949present) Month Record high C (F) Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Record low C (F) Precipitation mm (inches) Mean monthly sunshine hours Jan
10.7 (51.3) 2.5 (36.5) 2.4 (27.7) 19.7 (3.5)

Feb
9.9 (49.8) 2.8 (37) 2.4 (27.7) 17.6 (0.3)

Mar
11.7 (53.1) 3.4 (38.1) 1.9 (28.6) 16.4 (2.5)

Apr
14.7 (58.5) 6.1 (43) 0.5 (32.9) 16.4 (2.5)

May
20.6 (69.1) 9.7 (49.5) 3.8 (38.8) 7.7 (18.1)

Jun
22.4 (72.3) 12.4 (54.3) 7.0 (44.6) 0.7 (30.7)

Jul
26.2 (79.2) 14.2 (57.6) 8.8 (47.8) 2.7 (36.9)

Aug
24.8 (76.6) 13.6 (56.5) 8.4 (47.1) 0.4 (31.3)

Sep
18.5 (65.3) 10.9 (51.6) 5.7 (42.3) 4.4 (24.1)

Oct
15.7 (60.3) 7.0 (44.6) 2.2 (36) 10.6 (12.9)

Nov
12.6 (54.7) 4.1 (39.4) 0.5 (31.1) 15.1 (4.8)

Dec
12.0 (53.6) 3.1 (37.6) 1.8 (28.8) 16.8 (1.8)

Year
26.2 (79.2) 7.48 (45.48) 2.28 (36.12) 19.7 (3.5)

80.6 85.9 81.4 56.0 52.8 44.2 52.7 68.6 71.8 74.3 79.5 94.3 841.9 (3.173) (3.382) (3.205) (2.205) (2.079) (1.74) (2.075) (2.701) (2.827) (2.925) (3.13) (3.713) (33.146) 20.0 59.6 109.3 164.2 200.8 173.8 168.1
[8]

155.1

119.7

93.0

41.0

21.6

1,326.2

Source: Iceland Met Office

Cityscape

Colorful rooftops line Reykjavk.

Central Reykjavk seen from Hallgrmskirkja

The Menntaskli, the old high school of Reykjavk.

The Arni Magnusson Foundation, Reykjavk.

jmenningarhsi

View from Sklavrustgur

Tjrnin (The Pond) in central Reykjavk.

Panorama of the northern seashore of Reykjavk, as seen from rfirisey.

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City administration
The Reykjavik City Council governs the city of Reykjavk according to law number 45/1998[9] and is directly elected by those aged over 18 domiciled in the city. The council has 15 members who are elected using the open list method for 4 year terms. The council selects members of boards, and each board controls a different field under the city council's authority. The most important board is the City Board that wields the executive rights along with the City Mayor. The City Mayor is the senior public official and also the director of city operations. Other public officials control city institutions under the mayor's authority. Thus the administration consists of two different parts: The political power of City Council cascading down to other boards Public officials under the authority of the city mayor who administer and manage implementation of policy.

Political control
The Independence Party had overall control of the city council from the party's establishment in 1929 until 1978, when they narrowly lost their overall majority. From 1978 to 1982 the People's Alliance, the Social Democratic Party and the Progressive Party formed the majority of the council. The Independence Party regained overall control in the 1982 elections, and held it until 1994. At that election its opponents had formed an alliance, called Reykjavkurlistinn, or the R-list. That alliance had overall control until 2006. In the May 2006 elections the electorate could choose between five different parties, three of which had formed the R-list. The Independence Party obtained 7 members of the council, and thus failed to gain overall control, but together with the Progressive Party, and its one council member, they were able to form a new majority in the council which took over in June 2006. In October 2007 a new majority was formed on the council, consisting of members of the Progressive Party (1), the Social Democratic Alliance (4), the Left-Greens (2) and the F-list (1) (liberals and independents), after controversy regarding REI, a subsidiary of OR, the city's energy company. However three months later the leader of the F-list formed a new majority together with the Independence Party. lafur F. Magnsson, the leader of the F-list, was elected mayor on 24 January 2008, and in March 2009 the Independence Party was due to appoint a new mayor. This changed once again on 14 August 2008 when the fourth majority of the season was formed, when the Independence Party and the Progressive party took over again, with Hanna Birna Kristjnsdttir becoming mayor. The latest election in May 2010 saw a new political party, The Best Party, win the most seats on the council.[]

Mayor
The mayor is appointed by the city council; usually one of the council members is chosen but they may also appoint a mayor who is not a member of the council. The office of mayor was introduced from 1907, and in 1908 applications for that position were requested. Two applications were received, from Pll Einarsson, sheriff and town mayor of Hafnarfjrur and from Knud Zimsen, town councillor in Reykjavk. Pll was appointed on 7 May and was mayor for six years. At that time the city mayor received a salary of 4500 ISK per year and 1500 ISK for office expenses. The current mayor is Jn Gnarr. Timeline of mayors

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Mayor Pll Einarsson Knud Zimsen Jn orlksson Ptur Halldrsson Bjarni Benediktsson Gunnar Thoroddsen Auur Auuns and Geir Hallgrmsson Geir Hallgrmsson Birgir sleifur Gunnarsson Egill Skli Ingibergsson Dav Oddsson Marks rn Antonsson rni Sigfsson Ingibjrg Slrn Gsladttir rlfur rnason

From 7 May 1908 7 May 1914

To 7 May 1914 30 December 1932

30 December 1932 20 March 1935 20 March 1935 26 November 1940

26 November 1940 10 February 1947 10 February 1947 19 November 1960

19 November 1959 6 October 1960

6 October 1960 1 December 1972 15 August 1978 27 May 1982 16 July 1991 17 March 1994 13 June 1994 1 February 2003

1 December 1972 15 August 1978 27 May 1982 16 July 1991 17 March 1994 13 June 1994 1 February 2003 30 November 2004

Steinunn Valds skarsdttir 30 November 2004 13 June 2006 Vilhjlmur . Vilhjlmsson Dagur B. Eggertsson lafur F. Magnsson Hanna Birna Kristjnsdttir Jn Gnarr 13 June 2006 16 October 2007 24 January 2008 21 August 2008 15 June 2010 16 October 2007 24 January 2008 21 August 2008 15 June 2010

Demographics
Reykjavk is the largest and most populous settlement in Iceland. Present-day Reykjavk is a city with people from at least 100 countries. The most common ethnic minorities are Poles, Filipinos, and Danes. In 2009, foreign-born individuals made up 8% of the total population.[10] Children of foreign origin form a more considerable minority in the city's schools (as much as a third in places), many of whom are adopted.[11] Although in addition to immigrant inhabitants, the city is visited by thousands of tourists, students and other temporary residents weekly, at times outnumbering natives in the city-centre, tending to be educated upper middle-class Scandinavians, other Europeans, North Americans, or Japanese.[12]

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Historical population of Reykjavk.

Year 1801 1860 1901 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 City 600 1,450 6,321 11,449 17,450 28,052 38,308 55,980 72,407 Metro 8,221 14,534 21,347 33,867 43,483 64,813 88,315

81,693 106,152 83,766 121,698 89,868 --

97,569 145,980 --

1995 104,258

2000 110,852 175,000 2005 114,800 187,105 2006 115,420 191,612 2007 117,721 196,161 2008 119,848 201,585 2011 119,108 202,341

The population of Reykjavk in 2011 was 119,848, the combined population of the Greater Reykjavk Area being about 202,341. Six of the municipalities of Iceland are in the capital city area, those are as listed below: lftanes: 2,484 Garabr: 10,272 Hafnarfjrur: 26,099 Kpavogur: 30,779 Mosfellsbr: 8,642 Seltjarnarnes: 4,445

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Districts
Reykjavk is divided into 10 districts.

Vesturbr (District 1) Miborg (District 2, city centre) Hlar (District 3) Laugardalur (District 4) Haleiti og Bstair (District 5) Breiholt (District 6) rbr (District 7) Grafarvogur (District 8) Kjalarnes (District 9) Grafarholt og lfarsrdalur (District 10)

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Economy
Borgartn is the financial centre of Reykjavk, hosting a large number of companies and three investment banks.

Sbraut

Reykjavk has been at the centre of Iceland's economic growth and subsequent economic contraction over the last decade,Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words a period referred to in foreign media as the "Nordic Tiger" years,[13][14] or "Iceland's Boom Years".[15] The economic boom led to a sharp increase in construction, with large redevelopment projects such as Harpa concert hall and conference centre and others. In 2009, Reykjavk was listed as the richest city in the world in 2007 by The Economist Group[citation needed].
Old whaling ships Hvalur 6, 7, 8 and 9

Major companies
66NORTH - clothing manufacturer 365 - mass media company Advania - information technology service corporation Air Iceland - airline Arctic Trucks - vehicle modifications TVR - alcohol and tobacco store Carbon Recycling International - renewable methanol company CCP Games - video game developer and publisher Dagsbrn - telecommunications and media conglomerate Eimskipaflag slands - shipping company FRISK Software International - software company Hagar - retail store holding company Hagkaup - hypermarket chain HB Grandi - fishing and fish processing company Icelandair - airline Icelandair Group - airline slandsbanki - bank slandspstur - postal service

Reykjavk deCODE genetics - biopharmaceutical company Mannvit Engineering - engineering firm Marorka - marine energy management and research company MP Bank - bank NBI - bank Ni Srus - chocolate and confection manufacturer Nyherji - information technology service corporation ssur - orthopaedics manufacturer RV - mass media company Sminn - telecommunications company WOW air - airline

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Infrastructure
Roads
Per capita car ownership in Iceland is among the highest in the world at roughly 522 vehicles per 1,000 residents,[16] though Reykjavk is not severely affected by congestion. Several multi-lane highways (mainly dual carriageways) run between the most heavily populated areas and most frequently driven routes. Parking spaces are also plentiful in most areas. Public transportation consists of a bus system (called Strt bs). Route 1 (the Ring Road) runs through the city outskirts and connects it to the rest of Iceland.

Reykjavk Airport, including the Icelandair head office and the Icelandair-owned Hotel Loftleiir

Airports and seaports

Reykjavk Airport, the second largest airport in the country (after Keflavk International Airport), is positioned inside the city, just south of the city centre. It is mainly used for domestic flights as well as flights to Greenland and the Faroe Islands. It was built there by the British occupation force during World War II, when it was on the outskirts of the then much smaller Reykjavk. Since 1962 there has been some controversy regarding the location of the airport, since it takes up a lot of valuable space in central Reykjavk. Reykjavk has two seaports, the old harbour near the city centre which is mainly used by fishermen and cruise ships and Sundahfn in the east city which is the largest cargo port in the country.

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Railways
There are no public railways in Iceland, due to its terrain, but the locomotives used to build the docks are on display.

District heating
Volcanic activity in Iceland provides Reykjavk with geothermal heating systems for both residential- and industrial districts. In 2008, natural hot water was used to heat roughly 90% of all buildings in Iceland.[17] With total use of geothermal energy being at 39 PJ, space heating accounted for 48%. Most of the district heating in Iceland comes from three main geothermal power plants, producing over 800 MWth:[18] Svartsengi combined heat and power plant (CHP) Nesjavellir CHP plant Hellisheidi CHP plant

Two steam locomotives were used to build the harbour Reykjavk Docks railway; both are now on display in Reykjavk.

Cultural heritage
The "Culture House" was opened in 1909 and has a number of important exhibits. Originally the National Museum and Natural History Museum, in 2000 it was re-modelled to promote the Icelandic national heritage. Many of Iceland's national treasures are on display, such as the Poetic Edda, and the Sagas, in their original manuscripts. There are also changing exhibitions on various topics.[19]

Lifestyle
Nightlife
Reykjavk is famous for its weekend nightlife.[citation needed] Icelanders tend to go out late so bars that look rather quiet can fill up suddenlyusually after midnight on a weekend. Alcohol is relatively expensive at bars. People tend to drink at home before going out. Beer was banned in Iceland until 1 March 1989, but has since become popular among many Icelanders as their alcoholic drink of choice.[20] There are over 100 different bars and clubs in Reykjavk[citation needed]; most of them are located on Laugavegur and its side streets. It is very Laugavegur main street in downtown Reykjavk common for an establishment that is a caf before dinner to turn into a bar in the evening. Closing time is usually around 4:30am at weekends and 1am during the week. The Iceland Airwaves music festival is annually staged in October.

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New Year's Eve

The arrival of the new year is a particular cause for celebration to the people of Reykjavk. Icelandic law states that anyone may purchase and use fireworks during a certain period around New Year's Eve. As a result, every New Year's Eve the city is lit up with fireworks displays.

Main sights
Alingishsi the Icelandic parliament The Culture House, National Centre for Cultural Heritage, Hversfigata 15, 101 Reykjavk. tel 545 1400[21]
Crowds gather for celebratory fireworks on New Year's Eve, near Hallgrimskirkja

Bjarins Beztu Pylsur a small hotdog stand in central Reykjavk Blue Lagoon geothermal spa located near Reykjavk CIA.IS - Center for Icelandic Art general information on Icelandic visual art Hallgrmskirkja the largest church in Iceland Harpa Reykjavk - Reykjavk Concert & Conference Center Heimrk the largest forest and nature reserve in the area Hfi the house in which Gorbachev and Reagan met in 1986 for the Iceland Summit Kringlan the second largest mall in Iceland Laugardalslaug Swimming pool Laugavegur main shopping street Nauthlsvk a geothermally heated beach Perlan a glass dome resting on five water tanks Rauhlar a cluster of red volcanic craters Rhs Reykjavkur city hall Reykjavik Art Museum the largest visual art institution in Iceland Tjrnin the pond National and University Library of Iceland (jarbkhlaan) National Museum of Iceland (jminjasafni) University of Iceland rbjarsafn (Reykjavk Open Air Museum) Reykjavk's Municipal Museum Reykjavk 8712 exhibition of an archaeological excavation of a Viking age longhouse, from about 930AD Vikin Maritime Museum - a maritime museum located by the old harbour

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Education
Secondary schools
Fjlbrautasklinn Breiholti (FB) Menntasklinn Reykjavk (MR) Menntasklinn vi Hamrahl (MH) Menntasklinn vi Sund (MS) Borgarholtsskli (Borg) Fjlbrautasklinn vi rmla (F) Menntasklinn Hrabraut Kvennasklinn Reykjavk (Kvenn) Tknisklinn Verzlunarskli slands (Verzl)

Universities
The University of Iceland Reykjavk University Iceland Academy of the Arts

Sports teams
Glmuflagi rmann (rmann) Ungmennaflagi Fjlnir Fylkir Fram Knattspyrnuflag Reykjavkur (KR Reykjavk) Vkingur rttur Knattspyrnuflagi Valur (Valur) rttaflag fatlara Reykjavk for disabled people rttaflag Reykjavkur (.R.) Skotflag Reykjavkur Skautaflag Reykjavkur Tennis- og badmintonflag Reykjavkur Skylmingaflag Reykjavkur Leiknir

Twin towns and sister cities

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Baku, Azerbaijan Caracas, Venezuela Copenhagen, Denmark Helsinki, Finland

Oslo, Norway Saint Petersburg, Russia Seattle, United States Stockholm, Sweden Strumica, F.Y. Republic of Macedonia Trshavn, Faroe Islands Vilnius, Lithuania Winnipeg, Canada Zevenaar, Netherlands

Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom La Paz, Bolivia Moscow, Russia []

Nuuk, Greenland

In July 2013, mayor Jn Gnarr filed a motion before the city council to terminate the city's relationship with Moscow, in response to a trend of anti-gay legislation in Russia. According to The Daily Telegraph, "Mr Gnarr has long been an advocate for gay rights, appearing in Gay Pride parades in drag"; in 2009, Iceland was the first modern country to have an openly LGBT head of government (Jhanna Sigurardttir, who is a lesbian), and the Alingi unanimously legalized same-sex marriage in 2010.

Notes
[1] Referred to the "City of Reykjavk" [2] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Reykjav%C3%ADk& params=64_08_N_21_56_W_type:city(119108)_region:IS [3] http:/ / www. rvk. is/ [5] The weather of 2010 in Iceland (http:/ / en. vedur. is/ about-imo/ news/ 2011/ nr/ 2112) Icelandic Met Office [8] Retrieved on January 4, 2013. [10] Foreign citizens in Reykjavk by districts 2002-2010 (http:/ / www. statice. is/ ?PageID=1174& src=/ temp_en/ Dialog/ varval. asp?ma=MAN04211& ti=Foreign+ citizens+ in+ Reykjavk+ by+ districts+ 2002-2010+ & path=. . / Database/ mannfjoldi/ Rikisfang/ & lang=1& units=Number/ Percentage) Reference Icelandic Statistical Bureau [11] http:/ / reykjavik. is/ Portaldata/ 1/ Resources/ leikskolasvid/ reykjavik_fjolmenningarborg_barna. pdf [19] Guide leaflet to the Culture House 2008, published by the National Centre for Cultural Heritage.

References
Hermannsdttir, Edda (2006-07-03). "Consumption of alcoholic beverages 2005" (http://www.hagstofa.is/ lisalib/getfile.aspx?ItemID=3893). Prices and consumption. Reykjavk: Hagstofa slands. Retrieved 2007-02-01.

External links
Reykjavik official blog website (http://www.reykjavik.com/) (in English) Official website (http://www.reykjavik.is/en/) (in Icelandic/English) Visit Reykjavk (http://www.visitreykjavik.is/) - official English travel site Live webcam to Reykjavkurtjrn (http://live.mila.is/english/tjornin/)

Coordinates: 640800N 215600W (http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Reykjavk& params=64_08_00_N_21_56_00_W_type:city)

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Article Sources and Contributors

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File:Reykjavik, Iceland-13July2011.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik,_Iceland-13July2011.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Srikanth Jandhyala from San Francisco File:Flag of Reykjavik, Iceland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Reykjavik,_Iceland.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: 32X, Connormah, Fry1989, Reykholt, TommyBee, Xenophon File:Reykjavik Coat of Arms.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: 32X, Arthur Diebold, Connormah, Massimop, Xenophon, 1 anonymous edits file:Iceland location map.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Iceland_location_map.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: NordNordWest File:Flag of Iceland.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Iceland.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370, User:var Arnfjr Bjarmason File:Speaker Icon.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Speaker_Icon.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Blast, G.Hagedorn, Mobius, Tehdog, 2 anonymous edits File:Ingolf by Raadsig.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ingolf_by_Raadsig.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Artwork by Johan Peter Raadsig (1806 - 1882), photograph by User:Haukurth File:Reykjavik 1860s.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_1860s.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Sigfs Eymundsson (1837 - 1911) File:Reykjavikfromabove.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavikfromabove.jpg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: User:Blmes File:Reykjavik Esja.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Esja.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: MartinPutz File:Reykjavik_Perlan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Perlan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: Napoleon tnt File:Magnify-clip.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magnify-clip.png License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Erasoft24 File:Reykjavik rooftops.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_rooftops.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Bjrn Giesenbauer File:Islande - Rekjavik du haut de la cathdrale.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Islande_-_Rekjavik_du_haut_de_la_cathdrale.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Yelkrokoyade file:Reykjavik Menntaskoli.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Menntaskoli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: MartinPutz file:Reykjavik Stofnun rna Magnssonar.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_Stofnun_rna_Magnssonar.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: MartinPutz file:Iceland-Reykjavik-Thjodmenningarhus-1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Iceland-Reykjavik-Thjodmenningarhus-1.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Gumundur D. Haraldsson file:Sklavrustgur.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sklavrustgur.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Molde20 File:The pond.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_pond.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Fingalo, Maksim, Mircea, Reykholt File:Reykjavk panorama1.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavk_panorama1.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: Ogkelt File:Reykjavik hverfi alt.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reykjavik_hverfi_alt.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Akigka File:Saebraut 02.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Saebraut_02.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Christian Bickel File:Hvalur 6, 7, 8 and 9.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hvalur_6,_7,_8_and_9.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Molde20 File:HotelLoftleidir.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HotelLoftleidir.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: TommyBee File:RHR-Minor.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RHR-Minor.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: User:Timothy Titus File:Laugarvegur01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Laugarvegur01.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fingalo, Reykholt

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:ReykjavikNewYr.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ReykjavikNewYr.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fancy-cats-are-happy-cats File:WP baku siegel.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WP_baku_siegel.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Jahn Henne File:Oslo komm.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Oslo_komm.svg License: unknown Contributors: Silje File:Caracas escudo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Caracas_escudo.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Chatsam, Heralder, Kornbluth, Massimop, Shadowxfox, 1 anonymous edits File:Coat of Arms of St Petersburg (1780).png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_Arms_of_St_Petersburg_(1780).png License: Public Domain Contributors: Butko, Panther, 1 anonymous edits File:Lesser coat of arms of Copenhagen.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg: *Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg: S. Solberg J. and autors of source files Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg: Ssolbergj POL_COA_Rymer.svg: Projekt graficzny: Tadeusz Gajl, :POL COA blank.svg: Tadeusz Gajl, vector version: Bastian, Other elements: Avalokitesvara Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_(1830-31).svg: Sodacan derivative work: Ssolbergj (talk) derivative work: P. S. Burton (talk) File:Coats of arms of None.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coats_of_arms_of_None.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: concept: Rainer Zenz (2004) SVG and small adaptions: Huhsunqu and TM File:Helsinki.vaakuna.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Helsinki.vaakuna.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Drawn by NingyouModified by -MajesticFile:Stockholm vapen bra.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Stockholm_vapen_bra.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Koyos File:Coat of arms of Strumica Municipality.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Strumica_Municipality.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:MacedonianBoy File:Coat of arms of La Paz.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_La_Paz.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Ssolbergj File:Coat of arms of Trshavn.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Trshavn.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ssolbergj File:Coat of Arms of Moscow.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Moscow.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original Author: Vector-Images.com Converted to SVG by: Oren neu dag File:Coat of arms of Vilnius Gold.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Arz File:Nuuk Coat of Arms.gif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif License: Public Domain Contributors: PD File:Blason ville ca Winnipeg (Manitoba).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blason_ville_ca_Winnipeg_(Manitoba).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: User:Spedona File:Arms of Zevenaar.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arms_of_Zevenaar.svg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: Darwinius, Ssolbergj

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