COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULT WITH ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF PIN FIN UNDER FORCED CONVECTION

NAMEDATEDUE DATEGROUP MEMBERLABAROTARY SECTION

ABSTRACT- Pin Fin heat sink are one among the most powerful heat sink available today and use in various application like automobile engine body ,gas turbine blade, heat exchanger and mostly in electronic equipment .They offer very small resistance to heat flow and compact in nature. The steadystate forced -convective cooling of pin-fin assembled in a square duct has been investigated experimentally. The circular pin-fins protruded horizontal from a vertical base plate. In present study temperature data obtain at various location of fin except base of fin under forced convection from unsteady condition to steady . Further performance of fin find out analytically and compared with experimental result. Keywords- Pin fin, Forced convection, Heat exchanger

Introduction
For many industrial applications, internal heat generation can cause serious overheating problems and sometimes leads to system failure. This is especially so in modern electronic systems and for such device a heat removal mechanism is necessity with compactness and required very high area density. In such case either we can increase the heat transfer coefficient or we can increase temperature difference but in most situation it is not possible due to various constrain. Extended surfaces of fins are used to increase the heat transfer rate from a surface to a fluid wherever it is not possible to increase the value of the surface heat transfer coefficient or the temperature difference between the surface and the fluid. Fins around bike engine, condenser of a refrigerating unit, near fan of a computer and heat sink on a motherboard are some common examples. It is quite obvious that as we go away from the base of a fin attached to primary heat source it temperature fall and so heat transfer rate for uniform external condition thus temperature distribution becomes very important in design of a fin. Beside that proper length and shape become other important factor and material highly distant from base in not much useful and increase weight and cost. However in our present experiment a uniform cross section circular fin in duct use and mainly focus on study of thermal behavior analytical and then compare with temperature plot that has been obtain by direct measuring temperature at various location .Also discussion on fin length and corresponding effectiveness show the above comment on proper length

Theory

Consider a fin extruded from a surface of uniform cross section area throughout length as shown in figure below.

Figure1

Notation =convective heat transfer at surface L=length of fin

from base

,h=Convective heat transfer coefficient

P=Perimeter of fin T= steady state temperature at location x =temperature of outside atmosphere K=Thermal conductivity of fin materail Tb= Temp. of the fin at the base

Consider a volume element of a fin at a distance condition the energy balance equation will be

of thickness

. Under steady State

Rate of heat conduction into the element at Rate of heat conduction from the element at Rate of heat convection from the volume element

Where Substituting and dividing by , we obtain

Taking the limit as

gives

From Fouriers law of heat conduction we have Where Ac is the cross-sectional area of the fin at location x. Substitution of this relation into Eq. gives the differential equation governing heat transferring fins, Thus taking = = (1)

and cross section area constant equation reduce to

(1a) Where

Equation above is a linear, homogeneous, second-order differential equation with constant coefficients and general solution is in form of , where c and c depend on boundary condition. Applying BC at At thus

Thus h Solving equation 1 and 2 leads to ( ) ( ) (2) )= )

And amount of heat transfer from entire fin is = ( )

Or

(3)

Equation 2 and is valid for a constant cross section area fin and can be used to find the value of temperature at various point for a given base temperature where base temperature can be find using 3 if we know the value of heat dissipated through the fin, convective heat transfer coefficient and fin dimension and material.

Experimental Setup/Procedure Fin-A circular fin of diameter 8 mm is fixed inside the duct of size 15 * 10 cm in horizontal
position. The position of sensor are shown in figure 2.the fin is made of mild steel (K=54 W/m K).There is clearance space between fin tip and duct boundary. The thermocouple made of copper -Constantine is connected to a rectangular base which can be further connected to a digital millivolt meter as shown in figure 3.millivoltmeter is able to give reading up to three decimal points.

Figure 2 (fin arrangement inside duct and sensor position)

Figure 3(top view of set up)

Figure 4 (Front view of experimental setup) Heating System The heating system consist of a heater with range varying from ..which can be controlled by a variance setting and can be measured with a electronic wattmeter with measurement capability up to two decimal point and range. The heating element attached to fin base and insulated with an insulation cover outside duct to prevent heat loss. Wind tunnel of made of steel attached to compressor to maintain a high speed velocity to which fin is attached from which heat dissipation take through forced convetion.an orifice meter. Control valve is fitted in the inlet section to control the flow velocity which further control the Reynolds no and thus Nusset number and thus the time to achieve steady state. Switch on the system and set the power at 50 W. Monitor the reading throughout observation. Wait for the steady state to achieve and note down the first reading when all point achieve a near steady reading. Opened the control valve to a quarter