Running head: CHAPTER 34: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Chapter 34: Infection Prevention And Control Jilian McGugan ITT Technical Institute

NU110 Slomiany August 20, 2012

CHAPTER 34: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL 2 1. Aerobic- requires oxygen for survival. 2. Anaerobic- require little or no oxygen. 3. Asepsis-absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms 4. Asymptomatic- clinical signs and symptoms are not present 5. Bactericidal- temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria 6. Bacteriostasis-prevents bacteria from growing but doesn't kill it 7. Broad-spectrum antibiotics-an antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of infectious microorganisms. 8. Carriers-persons who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others. 9. Colonization-when a microorganism invades a host, grows and/or multiplies but does not cause infection. 10. Communicable diseases-disease that can be transmitted from one person to another. 11. Contaminated-made impure or unclean by contact. 12. Disinfection-process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores, inanimate objects. 13. Cough etiquette-covering mouth or nose when coughing or sneezing; using tissues tissues to contain respiratory secretions. 14. Dose-sufficient number of organisms as in the number needed to cause disease. 15. Edema-localized swelling. 16. Endogenous infection occurs when part of the client's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results.

CHAPTER 34: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL 3 17. Epidemiology-cause and effect or factors controlling the presence or absence of a disease or pathogen. 18. Exogenous infection-post-operative infection. 19. Exudates-fluid and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels (pus or serum). 20. Granulation tissue-a mass of new connective tissue and capillaries formed on the surface of a healing ulcer or wound, usually leaving a scar; red moist tissue composed of new blood vessels which indicated progression toward healing. 21. Hand hygiene-using an instant alcohol hand antiseptic before and after providing client care, hand washing with soap and water when hands are visibly soiled, and performing surgical scrub. 22. Hand washing-act of washing hands with soap and water followed by rinsing for 15 seconds. 23. Health care-acquired infections-infections resulting from delivery of health care services same as nosocomial and health care-associated infections. 24. Health care-associated infections-infections resulting from delivery of health care services, same as nosocomial and health care-acquired infections (HAI). 25. Host resistance-susceptibility of the host. 26. Iatrogenic infections-HAI from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. 27. Immunocompromised-has an imparied immune system. 28. Infectious-capable of causing infection and may or may not be communicable. 29. Inflammatory response-protective reaction that serves to neutralize pathogens and repair body cells.

CHAPTER 34: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL 4 30. Invasive-relating to a medical procedure in which a part of the body is entered, as by puncture or incision. 31. Leukocytosis-increase in the number of circulating WBCs. 32. Localized-restricted or limited to a specific body part or region 33. Medical asepsis-a clean technique which includes procedures used to reduce the number of organisms present and prevent the transfer of organisms. 34. Microorganisms-a microscopic organism; those of medical interest include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Viruses are often included, but are sometimes excluded because they are not cellular and are unable to replicate without a host cell. 35. Necrotic-dead, as in dead tissue. 36. Normal flora-do not usually cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body and also participate in maintaining health. 37. Nosocomial infections-infections resulting from delivery of health care services - same as health care-acquired and health care-associated infections. 38. Pathogen-infectious agent. 39. Pathogenicity-the capacity of a microorganism to produce disease. 40. Phagocytosis-process that involves the destruction and absorption of bacteria by neutrophils and monocytes. 41. Purulent-containing WBCs and bacteria. 42. Sanguineous-containing red blood cells. 43. Serous-clear, like plasma.

CHAPTER 34: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL 5 44. Standard precautions-precautions (such as use of personal protective equipment) to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with any blood or other body fluids is anticipated. 45. Sterile field-area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items. 46. Sterilization-complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores 47. Suprainfection-secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection, happens when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms which, in turn, allows for disease-producing microorganisms to multiply, causing illness. 48. Surgical asepsis-sterile technique which prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery. 49. Susceptibility-at risk of infection by a pathogen. 50. Suppurative-pus-forming. 51. Symptomatic-clinical signs and symptoms are present. 52. Systemic-affects the entire body (diabetes) not just a single organ or part. 53. Vector-external mode of transmission (flies, mosquitoes). 54. Virulence-capacity of a microorganism to cause disease - a measure of the severity of the disease it is capable of causing.