.

(,
)
http://intra.pea.co.th

(.0-2590- 5584)

.. 2548


1
2
1.
2. (Manhole and Handhole)
3. ( Cable Riser Pole)
4. (Conduit)
5. ( Underground Cable)
6. (Splice and Terminator)
7. Compact Unit Substation
3
1.
2. (Manhole and Handhole)
3.
4. (Spare Duct)
5. (Grounding)
6.
7. (Pulling Tensions)
8.
9.
4
1.
2.
3.
4.

1
3
6
12
19
22
29
37

48
56
63
67
68
76
77
92
92

96
102
111
117


5
1.
2.
6
1.
2. (Manhole)
3. Duct Bank
4.
(Semi-Direct Burial)
5.
(Direct Burial)
6.
(Cable Pulling Preparation)
7.
8.

122
139

144
144
145
145
.145
.146
157
161

2 (Overhead Line System)
(Underground Cable System)
1. (Overhead Line System)


(Pollution)

2. (Underground Cable System)

(Cable
Termination)

(Overhead Line System)

2
1. (Reliability)

2.
2.1
(Overhead Line System)
2.2 (Overhead Line
System) (Clearance)
(ROW (Right Of Way))
2.3
(Overhead Line System)

(Underground Cable System)

1.


2 5
1.1
1.1.1 (Concrete Encased Duct Bank)

2.1 (Concrete Encased Duct Bank)

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) RTRC (Reinforced Thermosetting
Resin Conduit) (Mechanical
Protection) (Duct Bank)
(Manhole Handhole)

1.1.2 (Semi Direct Burial)

(Flexible) Corrugated HDPE RTRC 2.2

2.2 (Semi Direct Burial)
Concrete Spacer Block

(Concrete Slab)
(Manhole and Handhole) (Concrete
Encased Duct Bank) .
SA1-015/36017 7502
1.1.3 (Direct Burial)


(Concrete Slab) (Warning Sign Strip) 2.3
. SA1-015/36018
7503

D =

2.3 (Direct Burial)

1.2
1.2.1 Pipe Jacking

Jacking Frame
Jacking Frame 2.4

2.4 Pipe Jacking

6
(Manhole or Handhole)
(Cable Route Marker)

1.2.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

Directional Drills


2.5

2.5 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

2. (Manhole and Handhole)
(Manhole and Handhole)
18
(Ton) 40 .
(Manhole Frame and Cover) (Sump)




1) Pulling Iron 2.6

2.6 Pulling Iron Pulling Iron

2) Anchor Bolt Cable Rack 2.7

2.7 Anchor Bolt

3) Manhole Entrance Step
2.8

2.8 Manhole Entrance Step

4) Drive Hook
5) Ground Rod Shield

6)
6.1) 22-33 kV
6.1.1) Cable Rack
Cable Rack 2.9
6.1.2) Cable Support Cable
Rack Pillow Insulator 2.10

2.9 Cable Rack Cable Rack

2.10 Cable Support

6.1.3) Pillow Insulator Porcelain
Cable Support 22 kV 2.11

2.11 Pillow Insulator Pillow Insulator

6.2) 115 kV
6.2.1) Racking Pole
Hanger 2.12

2.12 Racking Pole

6.2.2) Cable Hanger Steel Racking Pole
Pillow Insulator (Zinc Coating) Cable
Hanger Steel 2
- Hanger 500 .. 800 ..
2.13

10

2.13 Cable Hanger Steel

- Hanger 500 .. 800 ..
2.14

2.14 Cable Hanger Steel

6.2.3) Pillow Insulator Porcelain Hanger
115 kV Pillow Insulator 2
- 500 .. 800 ..
2.15

11

2.15 Pillow Insulator

- 500 .. 800 ..
2.16

2.16 Pillow Insulator

7) Manhole Frame Semi - Steel
Manhole Cover Manhole Frame - (Manhole
Entrance) 2.17

2.17 Manhole Frame

12

8) Manhole Cover - Cast Iron

2.18

2.18 Manhole Cover

2.1
1) (Cable Splice)

2) Grounding 22 & 33 kV Cross

Bonding 115 kV
3) Duct Bank ( Riser
)
4)
3. (Cable Riser Pole)
(Cable Riser Pole)
(Overhead system)
Cable Riser Pole 1 2
22 33 kV 115 kV
Cable Riser Pole 1


Cable Riser Pole 2

13


(On Ground)
Cable Riser Pole

. . 22 33 kV
. 115 kV .

3.1 Cable Riser Pole

1) Cable Riser Pole 22 33 kV
1.1) 22 kV 33 kV 600 A
(Disconnecting Switch, Station class and
Mounting Accessories) ()
BIL
1.2) (Lightning Arrester)
( )
.
22 kV (Ur) 20 - 21 kV 22 kV
(Ur) 24 kV 22 kV
(NGR) (Ur) 30 kV
33 kV
- Cable Riser Pole 10 kA
- Cable Riser Pole 5 kA
1.3) (Terminator or Cable Riser) 22 kV 33 kV

( Shield) Stress Shield Stress Relief Cone
High Permittivity Material Shield

14

Airseal Compound

2.19 22 kV 33 kV
1.4) (Cable Grip) 22 kV 33 kV
3 (
) .
3 (termination)

1.5) Airseal Compound

1.6) HDPE PN 6.3 .982

3

1.7) (Conduit Steel Guard)

15

1.8) (Ground Wire and Ground rod)

Cable Riser Pole
Cable Riser Pole
Breakdown
1.9) PVC

.
2) Cable Riser Pole 115 kV

2.20 115 kV ( SD-UG-3)

16
2.1) (Lightning Arrester) 115 kV
22 kV 33 kV
1 Cable Riser Pole
10 kA
2.2) (Terminator or Cable Riser) 115 kV
22 kV 33 kV
2.3) (Supporting Structure)
115 kV

( 01060021)
2.4) () 2
. (Cable Grip)

2
1 2
3
2.5) (Non - Metallic Conduit)
HDPE PN 6.3 .982
(Metallic Conduit) 115 kV
1

Airseal Compound (Conduit Steel Guard)

(ground Wire and Ground rod) PVC
22 kV
33 kV

17
3.2 (Cable Riser Pole)
1)

2)
22-33 kV
(RSC) 2 3

2.21
RSC
3)
Incoming
Outgoing ( 1 2 )

18

2.22 Outgoing
4) .
5) (Cable Grip)
Mark

6) Airseal Compound
(End Cap)

2.23 Airseal Compound

(End Cap)

19
4. (Conduit)
HDPE , Corrugate
Fiberglass RTRC
4.1 HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)
.

. 982
Outside Diameter . PN 6.3
160 . 2.24

2.24 HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

HDPE (Coupling)
(Welding) 2.25

2.25 (Coupling) (Welding)

20
4.2 Corrugate
High-Density Polyethylene
50 100 2.26


Screwing

2.26 Corrugate
4.3 RTRC ( Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit)
Fiberglass ( Resin, Epoxy )
(winding)
Fiberglass 4 Fiberglass
6 Carbon Black UV
Inside Diameter 2 (Gasket-type joint)
(Screw)

2.27

2.27 RTRC ( Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit)

21
National Electric Code Handbook 1999 (NEC) Article 347Nonmetallic Conduit Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit Rigid
Nonmetallic Fiberglass Conduit Fiberglass Reinforced Epoxy Conduit
RTRC 2
- RTRC Type BG
( BG = Below Ground)
- RTRC Type AG
()
( AG = Above Ground)
3
Property

HDPE

High Density
Polyethylene
Weight ( 6 )
~3.77 kg/m
Coefficient of Friction
~0.5 **
Inner Surface of Pipe
Smooth
Corrosion Resistance
Good
Flame Resistance
No
Cable Fusion
Yes
Maximum Working Temp. ~80 0C
Connecting Method
Welding , Coupling

Material

CORRUGATE
High Density
Polyethylene
~2.0 kg/m
~0.3
Corrugate
Good
No
Yes
~80 0C
Screwing
-

RTRC
Fiberglass
~1.52 kg/m
~0.385
Smooth
Good
Yes
No
110 0C
Gasket and Screwing
~ 1900 lbs/ft *
( 5 )

*
Reference No. SPT-005/40 10 2540
** IEEE 525-1992 36

22
5. ( Underground Cable)
10
- XLPE , PE EPR
XLPE Low pressure oil
fill 40

XLPE
.
XLPE (Medium voltage cables) 22 33 kV
(High voltage cables) 115 kV ( . R-777/2539
22-33 kV R-500/2544 115 kV )

Spunbond tape

Conductor shield
Insulation shield

Conductor

Insulation

PE sheath

Copper wire with copper contact tape

2.28 22-33 kV

23

Conductor shield
Insulation shield

Conductor

Non-conductive W/B tape

Plastic-coated Al tape
PE Sheath

Copper wire with copper contact tape

Semi-conductive W/B tape
Insulation

2.29 115 kV
5.1
1) Conductor ()

1.1) Solid Conductor

1.2) Round Strand Conductor ()

1.3) Compact Strand Conductor ()

1.4) Segmental Conductor Current

Carrying Capacity Segment Segment
Segment AC Resistance Wire
Segment Transpose Skin Effect Factor
1.5) Hollow Core Conductor Oil Fill Cable
Solid Dielectric

24
2) Conductor Screen Carbon Extrude
Layer
Partial Discharge
3) Insulation ()

Polyvinyl
Chroride (PVC) Polyethylene (PE) , Oil Impregnated Paper, Crosslinked
Polyethylene (XLPE) Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR)
4) Insulation Screen Conductor Screen
Insulation Metallic Screen Insulation Screen
Conductor Screen
5) Metallic Screen Ground
Metallic Mechanical Protection
(Submarine Cable)
Oil Fill Cable Metallic Screen Tape Wire
Lead Sheath () Corrugate Aluminium Sheath ()
6) Reinforcement Armour
Mechanical Force
Steel Tape,
Steel Wire Aluminium Wire
7) Water Blocking Tape
Jacket

Water Blocking Tape Swellable Powder (

) Insulation Screen Jacket
8) Laminated Sheath
Plastic Ground Screen Plastic

9) Non Metallic Sheath Jacket

PVC, PE

25

Grounded
Metal Conduit
Conductor Screen

Insulation Screen

Over-Stressed

2.30
5.2 XLPE
. XLPE (
Submarine Cable) XLPE XLPE
Polyethylene (PE) Thermoplastic
Polyethylene
Thermoplastic Thermosetting (
Crosslinking)

26
PE (C) (H)
C-H
() Crosslink
( Radiation )
Polyethylene
XLPE
1) XLPE
1.1) 900 C
1.2) Dielectric Loss Dielectric Strength
1.3)
1.4) PE/PVC
1.5)
2) PE XLPE
PE XLPE Peroxide
Crosslinking Peroxide Crosslinking 2
2.1) Steam Cure
Thermoplastic
Extrude ()
XLPE
Extrude XLPE
( PE + Peroxide )
PE PVC
Thermosetting
(2000 C)
(20 Bar) PE XLPE (
Curing Zone Valcanizing Zone)
Cooling Zone
/

Curing Vertical Continuous
Valcanization (VCV)

27
Catenary Continuous Valcanization (CCV) VCV
(Excentric)
(Tower) CCV
Excentric
2.2) Dry Cure
XLPE CABLE Steam Cure
10 20
.. 1969 Water Tree
Curing
(
)

(Void)

Water Tree Water Tree

3 1) 2) 3)
XLPE
Cure Dry Cure

Pump XLPE
Dry Cure
Steam Cure

28

3
1. Pay off Stand : Stranded and compacted
conductor is taken up for seamless transfer to
tower top.
2. The conductor being pulled up.
3. Turnpulley: Conductor turns 3600 to align with
gravity.
4. Triple Extrusion Chamber: An absolutely clean
zone where the insulation is extruded under
continuous monitoring.
5. Vulcanisation Zone: The extruded polyethylene
is cross linked in a dry environment under
temperature and pressure.
6. Cooling Zone: The extruded core is brought to an
ambient temperature option of nitrogen
cooling.
7. Take Up Stand: The extruded core is reeled on
drums for further processes.

2
7
1

2.31 Vertical Continuous Valcanization (VCV)

29

2.32 Catenary Continuous Valcanization (CCV)

6. (Splice and Terminator)

Shield
Shield () ()

Shield 2.33

2.33 Potential Field Electric Flux Lines

30

Shield ()
(Flashover) Shield
Shield ( Shield )
2.34

2.34

Dielectric Strength 2.35

2.35 Shield

31
Stress Shield
Shield Stress Relief Cone 2.36 High
Permitivity Material 2.37 Shield Termitor Splice
1) (Stress Relief Control)
IEEE 48-1990
2
1.1) (Geometric Cone or Stress Cone)

Shield
Shield

2.36 Terminator Stress Cone

1.2) K ( High Permitivity Material)
K (Dielectric Constant )
2 (Dielectric Constant K High K )

Shield

32

2.37 Terminator HI-K Material

2) Cable Terminator
Shield

2.38
Shield

33
2.1) Terminator
2.1.1) Porcelain Type
( Compound )

2.39 Porcelain Type

2.1.2) Slip On Type

2.40 Slip On Type

34
2.1.3) Cold Shrink Type (
)

2.41 Cold Shrink Type

2.1.4) Heat Shrink Type

( )

2.42 Heat Shrink Type

35
Terminator
Terminator ( Cable preparation )
Jacket , Semi Conducting Layer Wire Screen
Insulation Partial Discharge
Insulation Breakdown Insulation
Semi Conducting
Partial Discharge
Wire Screen 240 400 ..
25 ..
(Terminator)
IEEE 48 1990

CENELEC HD 629.1 S1

VDE 0287 Part 629-1

EDF HN26-E-20, 33-E-01, 41-E-01

BS C-89

UNE 21-115-75

A.B.N.T. 934

3) Cable Splicing

1.
2.
3.
4. ( T- Tap)

3.1) Splicing
3.1.1) Slip On Type

36

2.43 Slip On Type

3.1.2) Cold Shrink Type
2

2.44 Cold Shrink Type

37
3.1.3) Heat Shrink Type

2.45 Heat Shrink Type

Terminator Splice

7. Compact Unit Substation

2
(Overhead Line System) (Underground Cable System)


1 (Step down) 22
kV 33 kV 400/230 V
( Fuse Cut-out Open Type)
. . .

1
(Network System) (Loop System)

38


.
2 3

.

()
1
Compact Unit Substation

2.46 Compact Unit Substation

39
Primary Substation HV/MV

Primary Substation HV/MV

2.47 Compact Unit Substation

7.1 Compact Unit Substation
1) (Type of Operation)
- (Walk-in Type)

- (Outdoor Type)

40

2) Compact Unit Substation (Type of Compact Unit Substation)

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

(Integrated in Buildings)
(With corridor)
(Compact without corridor)
(Semi Underground)
(Fully Underground)
(Mobile and temporary power supply)

3) (Enclosure)
- (Plinth)

- (Without Plinth)

41

Plinth

Plinth

4) ( Internal Arrangement)
- (Frontal)
- (Diagonal)

- (Longitudinal)

Frontal

Diagonal

Longitudinal

5) (Type of Decoration)
- (Stone) (Wood)
- (Roof)

42
6) (Type of Material for the Enclosure)
- (Concrete) Compact Unit Substation
(Thermal Shocks)

- (Light Concrete) ) Compact Unit Substation

(Thermal Shocks)

- (Metal)
(Condensation)

7)

()
()
()
(Temperature Rise) IP (Mechanical Withstand)
() (Internal Arc Capability)

43
8) (Type of Transformer)
- Oil Immersed type (Hermetically sealed transformer)
Compact Unit Substation (Oil
Retention Tank)
- Dry type (Cast resin transformer)

Oil immersed type

Dry type

9) (Type of MV Cubicle)
- Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS) Modular
SF6 AIS
- Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) GIS

Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS)

Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)

10) (Type of Low Voltage)

- Circuit Breaker

- Fuses (protection of the Installation)

44
- Disconnector

Circuit Breaker

Fuses

7.2 Compact Unit Substation .

Compact Unit Substation
(Specification) . .1) (Scope) 22 kV
33 kV 50 Hz
2) (Standard) IEC, VDE,
DIN, TISI
3) (Principal Requirement)
3.1) (Service condition and Installation)

(Altitude) : up to 1,000 m above sea level
(Max.ambient air temperature) : 40OC
(Mean annual ambient temperature) : 30OC
(Mean annual relative humidity) : 79%
(Mean max.annual relative humidity) : 94%
(Climatic condition) : (Tropical climate)
(Max. seismic factor) : 0.1 g
(Lightning stroke expectancy) : 100 thunder storm/d/y
: (salt) , (soot)
(Specific corrosive elements at site)
Compact Unit Substation
(Public area)

45

(Enclosure)
3.1.1) (Internal Arc
Test) PHELA No.4 , IEC 60298 IEC 61330
3.1.2)
(External Impact) (Live-parts)
3.2) Compact Unit Substation
Compact Unit Substation 3
3.2.1) (High-voltage room) Ring Main Unit (RMU)
Ring Main Unit (22-33 kV)
Open Loop

RMU 3
- Air Insulated and Air Interrupter Ring Main Unit
Ring Main Unit
Ring Main Unit

- Air Insulated and Oil ,Vacuum , SF6 Interrupter Ring Main Unit
Ring Main Unit
SF6 Ring Main Unit
1 2
- SF6 Insulated and Vacuum , SF6 Interrupter Ring Main Unit
Ring Main Unit SF6
SF6 Ring Main Unit
1 4 30
Ring Main Unit SF6
(Medium Voltage)
- Switch Disconnector
- Fuse Circuit Breaker
- Earthing Switch

46
. (High-voltage room) Ring
Main Unit SF6 (SF6-insulated Ring Main Unit (RMU)) IP 34
(Medium Voltage) 2
(Cable feeder switch) 2-3 XLPE 240 ..
(Transformer feeder switch) 2
XLPE 50 ..

2.48 Ring Main Unit SF6

3.2.2) (Transformer room) IP34
ONAN
Three-phase, oil-immersed, permanently sealed and completely oil filled system (without gas
cushion), natural self-cooled type, up to 1,000 kVA 630 kVA 1,000 kVA
22 kV-400/230V 33 kV-400/230V 50 Hz
3.2.3) (Low-voltage room) IP34
(Low-voltage switching), local control panel, distribution management system (DMS)

47
interfacing equipment () (Water
Condensation) (Heaters)
(Thermostat) Incoming
Outgoing 3 (Three-pole molded case circuit-breaker ; MCCB)

(Overload) (Short-circuit ) MCCB IEC
60947-2 (Auxiliary contacts) Remote status monitoring

3.3) (Enclosure)
3
- 2.0 . plastic
powder coated 75 m Stainless
steel
- (Reinforced concrete)
- Stainless steel 1.5 .
Compact Unit Substation
(High-voltage live-parts)
3.4)
- (Painting process)

(humid) (Polluted atmosphere)

- 3 Compact Unit Substation

1
(Earthing points) stainless steel
(galvanic )

1.


2 5
1.1
1.1.1 (Concrete Encased Duct Bank)

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) RTRC (Reinforced Thermosetting Resin
Conduit) (Mechanical
Protection) 3.1
. SA1-015/31016 7201

3.1 (Concrete Encased Duct Bank)

Duct Bank (Corrugated)

Duct Bank (Manhole Handhole)

(Cable Route Marker) Duct Bank -

49

1) Duct Bank

(Reliability)
2)
3)
Spare
4)

1)

2)
3)
4) ()
5) HDPE

1.1.2 (Semi Direct Burial)

(Flexible) Corrugated HDPE RTRC
Concrete Spacer Block

(Concrete Slab) (Warning Sign Strip)
3.2 . SA1015/36017 7502

50

3.2 (Semi Direct Burial)

(Manhole and Handhole)
Duct Bank (Cable Route Marker)
-

1) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Duct Bank
2) Duct Bank
3) Duct Bank
4) Corrugated
Duct Bank
5)

Spare

51
6)

1) Slide

2) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

1.1.3 (Direct Burial)

(Concrete Slab) (Warning Sign Strip)
(Cable Route Marker)

3.3
. SA1-015/36018 7503
-

1)

2)


3)
4)

52

D =

3.3 (Direct Burial)

1)
(Concrete Slab)
(Reliability)
2)

3)

4)
5) 1 2

53
(Direct Burial )
1)
(Direct Burial)

Sheet Pile
2)
1 2
(Direct Burial)
Right of Way

3)
(Direct Burial )

Cable Route Marker

4)
(Direct Burial)

1.2
1.2.1 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE)
(Concrete Slab)
(Manhole and Handhole)
Duct Bank (Cable Route Marker)
3.4 . SA1015/37022 7504 -

54

3.4 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

1)

2) Duct Bank
3) Duct Bank
4)

Spare
5)

1)

2)

3) (Slide)

4)

55
1.2.2 Pipe Jacking

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit (RTRC)
3.5
. SA1-015/44018 7506

3.5 Pipe Jacking

(Manhole and Handhole)
Duct Bank (Cable Route Marker)
-

1)

2)
Reliability
3)
4)
Spare

56
5)

1)

2)
3) ()
4) HDPE

2. (Manhole and Handhole)

(Manhole and Handhole)
18 (Manhole Frame & Cover)
(Type)
1)
2
2)

2

3)
(Manhole) (Type)
(Type)
2
1) (Manhole) 22&33 kV
1.1) Type 2T - 1 2T - 2
12

57
3.6 . SA1015/31030 7301 SA1-015/45038 7301A
SA1-015/31032 7302 SA1-015/45039
7302A

2T 1

2T 2
3.6 (Manhole) Type 2T - 1 2T 2
1.2) Type 2T - 3
12
3.7 . SA1015/31034 7303 SA1-015/45040 7303A

58

3.7 (Manhole) Type 2T 3

1.3) Type 2T 4
12 3.8
. SA1-015/31035
7304 SA1-015/45041 7304A

3.8 (Manhole) Type 2T 4

59
1.4) Type 2T 8
8 3.9
. SA1-015/38011
7309 SA1-015/45045 7309A

3.9 (Manhole) Type 2T 8

1.5) Type 2S-1
12 3.10
. SA1-015/31037 7316 SA1-015/45047
7316A

3.10 (Manhole) Type 2S 1

60
1.6) Type 2C-1
12 3.11
. SA1-015/31036 7311
SA1-015/45046 7311A

3.11 (Manhole) Type 2C 1

2) (Manhole) 115 kV
2.1) Type 2T - 5 2T 6
3.12
. SA1-015/37005 7305
SA1-015/45042 7305A SA1-015/37012 7306
SA1-015/45043 7306A

2T 5

61

2T 6
3.12 (Manhole) Type 2T 5 2T-6
2.2) Type 2S-2 3.13
. SA1-015/37015
7317 SA1-015/45048 7317A

3.13 (Manhole) Type 2S 2

2.3) Type 2T 7
3.14
. SA1-015/38010 7307
SA1-015/45044 7307A

62

3.14 (Manhole) Type 2T 7

1)

2) RISER POLE
3)
4) 250.00

( Pulling Grip)
5)
6)
(Curb) Sheet Pile
20 . Section


7)

63
8)
Cross Bonding

(Compromise)

3.



3.1
(Outside Diameter Of Cables) . 3.2
3.1

1
2
3
4 4
53
31
40
40
40
55
30
40
38
35

3.2 Outside Diameter Of Cables

.
System / Size
(mm2)
22 kV
33 kV
115 kV

35

50

28
-

30
35
-

Outside Diameter Of Cables (mm.)

120
185
240
400
34
40
-

38
44
-

42
47
-

48
55
-

500

800

52
58
-

98

64
3.1
1) Percent Area Fill

d
PAF = n 100
D

PAF 40 % 3 / 53 % 1 /
d =
D =
n =
2) Jam Ratio
Jam Ratio =

1.05

D
d

d =
D =
Jam Ratio 3
( 2.8 - 3.0 )
3) Clearance
Clearance = D

1.366d +

1
d
(D d ) 1

2
D d

d =
D =
Clearance 0.5

ID = 97.4 mm
Percent Area Fill (PAF)
1 / ( PAF 53 % )
d=
=

PAF
(D 2 / n )
100
53
(97.4 2 / 1)
100

= 70.9 Say 70 mm
3 / ( PAF 40 % )

65
PAF
(D 2 / n )
100
40
(97.4 2 / 3)
100

d=
=

= 35.56 Say 35 mm
Clearance
CL =
=

1
D
d
(1.366 d ) + ( D d ) 1

2
2
Dd

1
97.4
35

(1.366 35) + (97.4 35) 1

2
2
97.4 35

= 26.72 mm
Jam Ratio
D
1.05
d
97.4
1.05

35

JR =
=

= 2.922
Jam Ratio 2.8 - 3.0
d Jam Ratio 3.2
(Cradled )
d=

1.05
97.4
3.2

= 31.9 Say 32 mm
Clearance PAF
CL =
=

1
D
d
(1.366d ) + ( D d ) 1

2
2
Dd

1
97.4
32

(1.366 32) + (97.4 32) 1

2
2
97.4 32

= 33.5 mm OK
2

d
PAF = n 100
D

66
2

32
= 3
100
97.4

= 32.38 < 40 % OK
d PAF PAF 40 % d
Jam Ratio d Jam Ratio
PAF Clearance
3.3
3.3

ID. (mm)
96.8 102.0
110.0 114.0
123.4 127.0
140.0 - 144.6
150.0 152.0
177.2 180.8

1 Cable
OD ( mm ) PAF ( % )
Up To 70
52.29
Up To 80
52.89
Up To 90
53.19
Up To 100
51.02
Up To 109
52.8
Up To 129
50.9

Outside Diameter Of Cables

3 Cables
OD ( mm ) PAF ( % ) Clearance
Up To 32
32.78
32.86
Up To 37
33.94
35.92
Up To 42
34.75
39.19
Up To 48
35.26
43.67
Up To 50
33.33
50
Up To 60
33.04
60.86

Jam Ratio
3.17
3.12
3.1
3.1
3.15
3.16

1. PAF
2002 National Electric Code Handbook
Australian Standard AS 3000-1991
2. Clearance And Jam Ratio
Underground Transmission System Reference Book 1992 Edition
SIEMENS Manual

67
3.4

ID. (mm)
96.8 - 102.0
110.0 114.0
123.4 127.0
140.0 144.6
150.0 152.0
177.2 180.8

HDPE PN6.3
(mm)
110
125
140
160
200

RTRC
(Inch)
4
5
6
-

Corrugate
(mm)
100
125
150
-

ID. (mm)

= .

HDPE (mm)
= High Density Polyethylene Pipe
RTRC (Inch)
= Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit
Corrugate (mm) = Corrugate ()

4. (Spare Duct)


3.5
3.5

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 4 3
3 4 6 6 8 9 10 12 12 15 15 15 18 18

68
5. (Grounding)


.
2
1)

(Surge
Voltage)
(Cable Rack)
(H.T. Cable Racking pole) Manhole Handhole
(Shield Wire)
(Shield Wire)
65 V


2)



(Shield Wire)

( (Shield Wire)
(Shield Wire)
XLPE Riser Pole (
) 2
115 kV 5 22 & 33 kV ( 25
) (UE)
Riser Pole

69
5.1 (Grounding) .
1)
3.15 (Cable Rack)
(H.T. Cable Racking pole) Manhole Handhole

22 33 kV

70

22,33 115 kV
3.15
Manhole 5
25
Manhole 3.16
. SA1-015/31023

71
7341 Manhole

3.16 Manhole 22 33 kV (
Splice )
2)
(Shield Wire)
XLPE

72

. SA1-015/46005 7131
.
2.1) 22 -33 kV
1) (Both-Ends Bonding) 500 .

3.17 (Both-Ends Bonding)

2) (Multi-points Bonding) 500 .

3.18 (Multi-points Bonding)

22 33 kV 500 .
(Single-point Bonding)

73
(Ampare)
(Both-Ends Bonding)
Riser Pole
. 22 33 kV (Both-Ends Bonding)
()
()
2.2) 115 kV
1) (Single-point Bonding) 500 .

3.19 (Single-point Bonding)

2) (Middle-point Bonding) 500 1,000 .

3.20 (Middle-point Bonding)

74
3) (Cross-Bonding) 1,000 .

3.21 (Cross-Bonding)
115 kV

(Shield Wire)

(Shield Wire)
65 V (UB : )

2.3) Riser Pole

75

.
3.22 . . Riser Pole 22 - 33 kV
. Riser Pole 115 kV

76

(Termination)
Riser Pole

( )
Riser Pole


Riser Pole
. 2 115 kV 5 22 &
33 kV ( 25 )
Riser Pole
115 kV
(Single-point Bonding) Riser Pole ( Shield Wire)

6.

3
1)
XLPE
90 0C 130 0C
2)

3)
3.1)
3.2)
3.3)
3.4) (Soil Thermal Resistivity)

77
3.5)

3.6
3.6 IEC 287
1)
100%
2)
90 0C
3)
30 0C
4)
1.2 K.m/W
5)
3.6 22 & 33 kV ( XLPE)
()
()

240 ..
400 ..

1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
402 384 374 367 362 510 485 470 462
2
342 320 310 302 296 430 402 387 378
3
302 280 270 262 257 378 350 336 327
4
281 258 246 240 234 350 320 307 297
5
260 237 226 220 214 323 295 280 272
6
245 223 212 205 200 305 277 263 254
7
233 210 200 193 188 290 262 248 240
8
221 200 190 183 178 275 248 235 227
9
212 190 180 175 170 263 237 224 216
10
204 184 174 168 163 253 228 215 207

5
456
370
320
290
265
248
233
220
210
201

7. ( Pulling Tensions )

(Pulling Tensions) (Sidewall Pressure)

78

1) (Pulling Tension)


-

-
-
2) 2
2.1) (Pulling Eye)

Tm

= 0.008 NACM
= 7.162 NAmm2

( : lb)
( : kg)

79

Tm

= 0.004 NACM
= 3.581 NAmm2

( : lb)
( : kg)

Tm
()
ACM
(circular mils)
Amm2
(mm2)
N

3 N 2
3 60%

Tm

= 0.0048 NACM
= 4.297 NAmm2

( : lb)
( : kg)

Tm

= 0.0024 NACM
= 2.148 NAmm2

( : lb)
( : kg)

1
5,000 (2,268 )
6,000 (2,722 )

3.23

80
2.2) (Pulling Grip or Basket Grip) 2
2.2.1) (Lead sheathed cable)
basket-weave 1,500 (680 )

Tm = Km t ( D t )

()

Tm
()
t
()
D ()
3.14
Km 200 1,500 ( Lead alloy)
* (Neoprene jackets)
1,000 (453 )
2.2.2) (Nonleaded jacketed cable)
PVC PE
Tm =

1,000 (453 ) /

2.2.1 2.2.2


2.3) (Coaxial) (Triaxial)
(Special cable)

81

T =
M =
=
3.24
3) (Side Wall Pressure)


T/R

300 /(446.48 /
. 450 /) T/R

3.25

3.25
(T/R) : = 2T sin /2R
sin 2T sin /2R = T / R
.

82
- 1 /
SWP = Tout / R
- 3 / ( Cradled )
SWP = (3C-2)Tout / (3R)
- 3 / ( Triangular )
SWP = CTout / (2R)
Tout
( )
R

()
C
Weight-correction factor
4) Jam ratio Jamming



- 3

Jam ratio = 1.05 D/d

d = (.)
D = (.)
- 3
Jam ratio = 3D / (n1d1 + n2d2 + n3d3 + + )

D (.)
n1, n2, n3, . 1, 2, 3, .
d1, d2, d3, . 1, 2, 3, ..
Jamming ratio

83
Jam ratio 2.8 3.0
Jam ratio
2.8 jamming ratio
3.0 () .
Jam ratio 3.0
5) (Cable Bending)


(Sheet metal)

(Side Wall Pressure)


.

3.26
1)
R () 12 d

84
2)
R () 15 d
d (OD)

(.)

6) Weight - Correction Factor (C)

Weight - Correction
Factor Sum(F) / Sum(w) W
3.27 Weight - Correction Factor

F2

F1

F1

F1 = W/cos = F2 (F1 + F2) / 2W = C

3.27 Weight - Correction Factor (C ) 2
Weight - Correction Factor .
3

Cradled : C = 1+(4/3)[d/(D-d)]2

85

Triangular : C = 1/ [1-(d/(D-d))2]1/2

d (OD)
D (ID)

(.)
(.)

C D/d
D/d > 3.0 C Cradled
D/d < 2.5 C Triangular
D/d 2.5 - 3.0 Jamming
D/d
7)

3.28 REEL MANHOLE

86
7.1) 3
1)

T = WLCF

MH1

MH2
L

2)

: Tup = WL(CF COS + SIN )

: Tdown = WL(CF COS SIN )

3)

ROUTE OF DUCT

TOUT = TIN Cosh (CF) + Sinh (CF) TIN2 + (WR)2

4) -

TOUT = TIN e CF

87
3.7
( 3) - ( 4)

3 1 , 2 4
3.7
Symbol
T,Tin,Tout,Tmax
W
L
F
C
E

D
D
R

Sin, Cos, Sinh,Cosh

Unit
.
./.
.
Radian
.
.
.
-

Drscription

Weight correction factor

Exponential

88

CB

1. 240 . OD. = 42 .
= 12.18 . / . / 3
2. HDPE PN 6.3 ID = 144.6 .
Friction (F) = 0.4
3. Pulling Eye
Percent Area Fill (PAF) 3 PAF
40 %
2

d
PAF = n 100
D
2

42
PAF = 3
100
144.6

PAF = 25.309% < 40%

OK

Jam Ratio
D
d
= 1.05 144.6
42

Jam Ratio =

1.05

= 3.615 > 3.0

OK

Weight Correction Factor ( C )

D/d = 144.6/42
= 3.44 > 3.0 ( CRADLED )

C = 1 + (4/3) x [d/(D d)] 2

C = 1 + (4/3) x [42/(144.6 42)] 2
= 1.223
2
1 Reel Control Building Control Building (CB) D

89
TA = TIN + WLCF ; TIN = Reel Back Tension = 50 Kg
= 50 + (12.18 x 14.4 x 1.223 x 0.4)
= 135.80 kg
TB = TA e CF
; = 60O x 3.1416 / 180O = 1.0472
= 135.80 x e 1.223x0.4x1.0472
= 226.67 kg
TC = TB + WLCF
= 226.67 + ( 12.18 x 53.5 x 1.223 x 0.4 )
= 545.45 kg
TD = TC e CF
; = 90O x 3.1416 / 180O = 1.5708
= 545.45 x e 1.223x0.4x1.5708
= 1,176.20 kg

TMAX = 7.162 nAmm 2

= 7.162 x 2 x 240
= 3,437.76 kg
2,722 kg 2,722 kg > 1,176.20 kg ..OK
Pulling Grip (1,176.20 kg > 2 x 453 kg ) )
SWP ( A-B ) = (3C-2)TB / 3R
= (3x1.223-2)x226.67 / (3x12.8)
= 9.85 kg / m < 450 kg / m OK
SWP ( C-D ) = (3C-2)TD / 3R
= (3x1.223-2)x1,176.20 / (3x1)
= 654.36 kg / m > 450 kg / m NO
2 Reel D D Control Building(CB)
TC = TIN e CF ; TIN = Reel Back Tension = 50 Kg
= 50 x e 1.223x0.4x1.5708 ; = 90O x 3.1416 / 180O = 1.5708
= 107.8 kg

90
TB = TC + WLCF
= 107.8 + ( 12.18 x 53.5 x 1.223 x 0.4 )
= 426.57 kg
TA = TB e CF
; = 60O x 3.1416 / 180O = 1.0472
= 426.57 x e 1.223x0.4x1.0472
= 711.99 kg
T CB = TA + WLCF
= 711.99 + (12.18 x 14.4 x 1.223 x 0.4)
= 797.79 kg

TMAX = 7.162 nAmm 2

= 7.162 x 2 x 240
= 3,437.76 kg
2,722 kg 2,722 kg > 797.79 kg OK
Pulling Grip (797.93 kg < 2 x 453 kg )
SWP ( D-C ) = (3C-2)TC / 3R
= (3x1.223-2)x107.8 / (3x1)
= 59.97 kg / m < 450 kg / m OK
SWP ( B-A ) = (3C-2)TA / 3R
= (3x1.223-2)x711.99 / (3x12.80)
= 30.95 kg / m < 450 kg / m OK

91

3.8
Side wall Pressure
1
2

TMAX
TMAX
CB
D

CB D
D CB
D
CB
0.00
797.79
CB
797.79
135.80
711.99
A
9.85 (OK) 30.95 (OK)
226.67
426.57
B
545.45
107.8
C
654.43 (NO) 59.97 (OK)
1,176.20 1,176.20
0.00
D

1.
1 (
Control Building(CB) D )
2.
() (Side wall
Pressure)

3.29

92
8.

3.9
3.9
()

0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45

0.3
3
0.3
3

0.3(1.5)
0.6
0.3
1.2

Underground Transmission Systems Reference Book 1992 Edition

( ) . ()
9.
Cable Trench Duct Bank
Phase Relationship
Phase Relationship Inductance

3 2
1) Flat Formation

93
2) Trefoil Formation
T

Power Cables and Their Application Arrangement of Cables

1) Flat (Flat Formation)

1.1) Flat RST TSR 3.30
(D)

2 (2D)
3.30 Bundle( 2 )
inductance inductance R, S ,T

3.31
R


D

2D

3.30 Cable Tray

1.2) Flat RST RST 3.31
( Bundle) inductance
inductance


D

2D

3.31 Cable Tray

94
1.3) Flat RST RST RACK
3.32 Rack
300 .
R

D
R

2D

2D

300 .

3.32 Flat Formation Rack

2) Trefoil
3.33 inductance
S
R

S
T

2D
S
R

T
2D

T
2D

R
2D

S
T

2D

S
T

S
R

S
R

S
T

300 .
R

2D

3.33 Trefoil Formation Rack

95
Phase Relationship Magnetic
Field Underground Transmission System
Refference Book 1992 Edition Magnetic
Field Phase Relationship
Magnetic Field =238 mG

Magnetic Field =26 mG

S 

3.34 Duct Bank 2 700 A 2

3.34 2 Duct Bank
2 RST RST
RST TSR
Phase Sequence Magnetic Field
Phase Sequence Duct Bank
115 kV 22-33 kV

2


1.
1.1


- 210 ./.2 Manhole
180 ./.2 Duct Bank (
28 )
- 10 2.5 .

1)

: : 1 : 3 : 5 ()
2)
1
ASTM C150 . 15

3)
(Mortar)

97
4)

2
1
1
3/4
3/8
4

20 . (3/4 4)
40 . (1 - 1 )
100
90 100
20 55
0 15
05
-

100
90 100
20 55
0 10

5)
()

98

9.51 . (3/8 )
4.76 . (NO. 4)
2.38 . (NO. 8)
1.19 . (NO. 16)
595 (NO. 30)
297 (NO. 50)
149 (NO. 100)

100
95 100
86 100
50 85
25 60
10 30
2 10

6)


()

2
1.5
3
2

7)
-

(Construction Joint)

99


-
1) 30
/ 10 2.5 .
2) 120
/ 10 2.5 .

-
(Mortar) 1.5 .
(Mortar) (Mortar)

(Mortar)
-

(Immersion
Type)
8)
24

(Mortar)

(Bonding Agent)
.
1.2

100
(Mortar)

:

:

:
0.15 .


1.3

- (Batch)
40 ..
ASTM C143
- 3 2

1 7 ( 75 %
)
2 28
, ASTM C31
ASTM C39

101
1.4
1)
(Re-Rolled Bars) (Yield Point) (Elongation)
. 20 . 24

(Bonding)

(Metal Spacer) (Metal Hanger)
( ... 1001-16)
300 mm
2

200 kg/cm2

(Yield Strengh)_ kg/cm2

( D= )

200 kg/cm2

20D
24D
30D

40D
48D
60D

(Yield Strengh)_ kg/cm2

( D= )

3500
4200
5200

2800
3500
4200

24D
30D
36D

48D
60D
72D

102

1) 50 . 5 .
2) 50 . 10 .
3) () 25 .
2) (Embedded Item)

2.
2.1 Duct Bank

4.1 Duct Bank

1) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

.
2) () 2
1 2 .

103
HDPE
15 .
3)

4) HDPE (HDPE COUPLING) HDPE 2
8 . 300 .
900 RSC 8 . 150 .
5) End Bell Duct Window
6) (Cable Route Marker) 4.2

4.2 (Cable Route Marker)

7)
8) Duct Bank

1)
Duct Bank
2)
0.75 . Duct Bank

104
3) Duct Bank
0.05 .
4)
()
5) ()

6)

1 60
7) HDPE
2
() 15 .
() 2.00 .
() 0.60 .
8) () 1

()

9)


24 .
10) Sheet Pile Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile Sheet Pile

105
2.2 (Semi-Direct Burial)

4.3 (Semi-Direct Burial)

106

1) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

.
2) () 2
1 2 .
HDPE
15 .
3)

4) .

5) HDPE (HDPE COUPLING) HDPE 2

8 . 300 .
900 RSC 8 . 150 .
6) End Bell Duct Window
7) (Cable Route Marker) 4.2
8) (Warning Sign Strip) 4.4
9)

4.4 Warning Sign Strip

107

1)

2)
1.20 .
() 10 .
850
3) 15
.
4) ()

4.5
5) HDPE 2

() 15 .
() 2.00 .
() 60 .
6) () 1

108

4.6
7) 20 .

16 .
8)
10 .
9)
2.3 (Direct Burial)

D =

4.7 (Direct Burial)

109

1) .

2) (Cable Route Marker) 4.2

3) (Warning Sign Strip) 4.4
4)

1)

2)
1.20 .
10 . 850

4.8
3)
15 . 4.9
4) 1

110
5)
20 .
16 .

4.9
6)
10 .
7)

4.10

111
3.
3.1 Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

Directional Drills


Directional Drills 3
1) Guide Drills Pilot Bore

Spot D-Tex
Spot D-Tex

Water Jet
4.11

4.11 Guide Drills Pilot Bore

2) Back Reamer

4.12

112

4.12 Back Reamer

3) Pulling Pipe




4.13

4.13 Pulling Pipe

113
3
1) Power Unit Mixing Unit
Drill Track 4.14

4.14 Power Unit

2) Mixing Unit Power Unit
Drill Track 4.15

4.15 Mixing Unit

3) Drill Track Power Unit
Mixing Unit 4.16

114

4.16 Drill Track

3.1) 3
3.1.1) Rocket Head
3.1.2) Sky Head
3.1.3) Flex Head
3.2) Reamer 2
3.2.1) Bits Reamer

3.2.2) Packer Reamer

3.3) (Rod) Rod
3 . Reamer
3.4) Pulling Head

1)

2)
Power Unit

Mixing Unit Mix

115
Drills Track Reamer Rod

3) Guide Drill

Spot D-Tex
Reamer 4.11
4) Back Reamer Reamer
Ream
Reamer
Reamer
4.12
Reamer
Reamer
5) Pulling Pipes
Rod
(Swivel) Rod
4.13
3.2 Pipe Jacking

116

1) Jacking Frame
2) Directional Drill Machine
3) Launch seal
4) Laser
5) Theodolite
Jacking Frame
1) (Jacking Shaft )
2) Slope Laser Laser Jacking (
Back Plate Jacking Frame)
3) Jacking Jacking

4) Laser ( Laser Beam )

Laser
5) Jacking Frame Jacking Jacking Frame

6) Jacking Frame Slope Laser Beam
7) Set up Jacking Frame Jacking Frame

1) Jacking Frame Directional Drill

Laser Beam Shaft
2) Directional Drill Jacking Frame
3) Operator Theodolite
Target Directional Drill
4) (Receive) Receive Directional
Drill Receive
5) Adapter Directional Drill

117
6) Jacking Receive Launch
Seal Jacking
4.
(Caisson Sinking)

1)

2)

4.1

1) (Bearing Force)
2) (Wall Friction)
3)
Cutting Edge
4.17 Cutting Edge

4.17 Cutting Edge

118

1)

2)

3)

4)

1) Cutting Edge 4.18

2)

4.18

1) Manhole

119
2) Sheet Pile
1.50-2.00

3) Manhole
Manhole ()

4. 19 Manhole
4) Manhole
Manhole 0.40



Survey


Cutting Edge

120

4. 20
5)
Manhole 20 .
10 . 0.05 .

6) Manhole
Manhole Ground Rod ( 5
25 )
Manhole 4.21
7) Manhole

4.21 Manhole

121
8) Manhole
Manhole 5
1:2 5 .

4.22 Manhole
9) Manhole
(Manhole Entrance Step)

10) Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile Sheet Pile

11) Manhole

12) Manhole

1.
.
IEC (22 kV-33 kV) IEC 60502
(115 kV) IEC 60840
IEC 60228
IEC
Water treeing IEC
(Radial watertight)
Water treeing Breakdown
Water treeing Type test
NEN 3620 (
)
water treeing
Type test
water treeing


Water treeing
water treeing
1. Europe, Unipede
2.5 Uo, 50 Hz, 30 C, 24 Months
2. Germany, VDE draft
4 Uo, 50 Hz, 50 C, 24 Months
3. Harmonised Europe
3 Uo, 50 Hz, 40 C, 24 Months
4. Italy, ENEL/Pirelli
2.5 Uo, 50 Hz, 90-70 C, 6 Months
5. USA, AEIC
3 Uo, 60 Hz, 90-45 C, cycling, 4 months
6. The Netherlands
2.5 Uo, 500 Hz, 30 C, 4 months

123

1.1
1.1.1 22-33 kV ( IEC 60502)
IEC 60502
Uo(kV)
U(kV)
Um(kV)

3.6
6
7.2

6
10
12

8
5
17.5

12
20
24

18
30
36

Uo =
U = -
Um =
1.) ( Type Tests )



1.1) Partial discharge test (PD Test) IEC 60885-2
Calibrate PD PD Calibrator 5 pC
2 U0 1.73Uo PD
PD Background ( harmonic Noise )
Routine test PD 5 pC
1.2) Bending test
10 1
1

124
3
(Partial discharge)
25(d+D) + 5 %


20(d+D) + 5 %

d
D
1.3) Tan Measurement 95-100
2 kV ( U0 )
1x10-4 80x10-4
1.4) Heating cycle test Current transformer
8 95-100 2
( 7-8) 8
3 20 (

20 IEC 60840 )
Partial discharge test ( Heating cycle test 1000 hours
2.5 U0 12 h on/12 h off 30
: KEMA)
1.5) Impulse voltage test, followed by power frequency voltage test
Impulse 10 (125 kV 170 kV
22 kV 33 kV ) 95-100
breakdown
voltage test 3
Impulse A.C. Voltage 3.5U0 15 Breakdown
Impulse voltage test
1.6) Voltage test for 4 hours
5 .

125
4 U0 4 Breakdown

1.7) Resistivity of semi-conducting screens
Conductor Screen Insulation Screen
90 2 30

resistivity conductor screen 1000 -m
resistivity insulation screen 500 -m
( -m m2/m)
1.8) Measurement of dimensions

( Raw
Material)
1.9) Test for determining the mechanical properties of insulation before
and after ageing. (Tensile strength &
Elongation ,at break)
1.10) Test for determining the mechanical properties of non metallic
sheath before and after ageing. non metallic
sheath (Tensile strength & Elongation ,at break)
1.11) Water absorption test on insulation



2.) ( Routine Tests )

Routine tests
2.1) Measurement of the conductor resistance

126
12
20 1
20
R20 = Rt x254.5/(234.5+t) x 1000/L /km for Cu
R20 = Rt x248/(228+t) x 1000/L
/km for Al
Rt = L t /km
t =
L =
Correction factor IEC 60228
2.2) Partial discharge test
Type test PD 10 pC
PD (
PD > 1 pc : KEMA)
2.3) Voltage test
Shield 3.5 U0 5
Breakdown
3.) ( Sample Tests )

3.1) Check of construction and dimensions

10%

()
6000
3000

()
500
500

10 %
()
600
300

2
1

127
3.2) Voltage test for 4 hours
5 .
4 U0 4 Breakdown

3.3) Hot-set test Cross-linking
Cross-linking
20 N/cm2
200 + 3 Cross-linking elongation (
) Cross-linking
Cross-linking
Repetition of tests 2

1 2

128
1.1.2 115 kV (IEC 60840)
Electrical type test
6
5 5
Electrical stress conductor screen stress
15
Type test

5.1 6
IEC 60840
Uo(kV)
U(kV)
Um(kV)

26
45 to 47
52

36
60 to 69
72.5

64
110 to 115
123

76
132 to 138
145

87
150 to 161
170

Uo =
U = -
Um =

129
1.) Type Test
( Electrical on completed cable )
1.1) Bending test followed by Partial discharge test
Partial discharge
1.75 U0 ( 115 kV 112 kV )
10 1.5 U0
(
115 kV 96 kV ) Partial discharge 5 pC.
1.2) Tan Measurement dielectric losses
5 10
XLPE 95 100
U0 ( 115 kV 64 kV )

Soft interruption metallic screen 30 .
semiconductive layer

1.3) Heating cycle voltage test followed by Partial discharge test

95 100
8 95 100
2 16 1
20 2U0 (
115 kV 128 kV )

1.4) Inpulse voltage test followed by a power frequency voltage test

95 100 550 kV 10

130
10 2.5 U0 ( 115 kV
160 kV ) 15

( Non electrical type tests on cable

components )
1.5) Conductor examination and check of dimensions

1.6) Resistivity of semi-conductive layers
Conductor Screen Insulation Screen

1.7) Tests for determining the mechanical properties of insulation before

and after ageing (Tensile strength &
Elongation ,at break)
1.8) Tests for determining the mechanical properties of non metallic
sheath before and after ageing non metallic
sheath (Tensile strength & Elongation ,at break)
1.9) Ageing tests on pieces of completed cable to check compatibility of
materials
100 2 168
16
Tensile strength & Elongation
1.10) Pressure test at high temperature on sheath

1.11) Hot set test

1.12) Carbon black content of PE sheath

Carbon black
Carbon black UV

131
radiation Carbon black Semi-conductive

1.13) Shrinkage test for XLPE insulations

130 3
6

Breakdown

1.14) Water penetration test

3 50 Insulation Screen
24
10

2.) Routine Tests

2.1) Partial discharge test type test

2.2) Voltage test A.C. voltage Shield
2 U0 30 Breakdown
2.3) Electrical test on non metallic sheath

3.) Sample Tests

3.1) Conductor examination and check of dimensions

3.2) Measurement of electrical resistance of conductor

132
3.3) Hot set test
3.4) Measurement of capacitance Capacitance
Shield



1. Visual inspection of the cable on the drum
2. Check of cable marking
3. Check of drum number
4. Check of the end caps
5. Review of test records

133
KEMA

Inspection Program Factory Acceptance Test

XLPE insulated High Voltage Power Cables
in accordance with IEC 60840
Electrical tests
Voltage test for 30 minutes
Partial Discharge Test
DC Test of outer sheath in water
As an alternative Spark test
Measurement of resistance of conductor
Measurement of resistance of copper screen
Measurement of the capacitance
Non electrical tests
Check of construction and dimensions
Hot-set test
Other tests / checks
Visual inspection of all drums
Review of type test report

9.3
9.2
IEC 60229 / 3.1
IEC 60229 / 3.1
10.5
10.10

Method of
control
W 100%
W 100%
W 100%
R 100%
V 10%
V 10%
V 10%

5.5
10.9

V 10%
V 10%

W 100%
R

Clause

Remark: Depending on the number of drums to be inspected the programme shall be adapted to be
able to complete the inspection in three days on site.

134
Inspection Programme Factory Acceptance Test
XLPE insulated MV-XLPE Cables
in accordance with IEC 60502 - 2

16.2
16.3
16.4
17.9

Method of
control
V 10%
V 25%
V 25%
W1

17.4 / 17.8
17.10

V 10%
W1

W 100%
W 100%
W 100%

Electrical tests
Measurement of resistance of conductor
Partial Discharge Test
Voltage Test for 5 minutes
Voltage test for 4 hours
Non Electrical tests
Check of construction and dimensions
Hot set test
Other tests / checks
Visual inspection of all drums
Check of drum numbers
Check with clients specification

Clause

Explanation of abbreviations
Wx% = Test will be witnessed on x% of the items.
Wy = Test will be witnessed on y items.
Vx% = Verification of test records by repetition of test on x% of the items, the completed test
records need to be submitted to the inspector.
Vy = Verification of test records by repetition of test on y items, the completed test
records need to be submitted to the inspector.
R = Review of (all) test records.
Remark: If test results can not be verified or if test records can not be reviewed the test will be
witnessed.

135
Discharge Partial discharge

Discharge
Discharge
HV LV

Discharge
HV LV

Discharge
Discharge
(Voids)

Discharge
HV
HV

Discharge
LV HV

Discharge
Ground
Ground

Discharge
HV

Corona discharge
Sharp point HV

Discharge
LV

Corona discharge
Sharp point Ground

Impulse

Zero point

: ISO Division, HV Lab , PPC Supervisor, Phelph Dodge Thailand

136
1.2 (Field Test)

1.
2.
60 %

DC High Potential (DC Hi-Pot Test) DC High Potential
(Leakage Current)
DC High Potential

DC High Potential
(Insulation Resistance Measurement _Test)

(MEGGER) (M)


Voltage Rating of Cables (V)
Megohmmeter Voltage (V)
< 300
500
300-600
500-1,000
2,400-5,000
2,500-5,000
5,000-15,000
5,000-15,000
>15,000
10,000-15,000
Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing

137
(MEGGER)
1. (energize)
2.
3. L
4. E

5.2 (MEGGER)
0.5 M
(600 V) 2000 (22,33 115 kV)
DC High Potential
Dielectric Strength

Uo/U(Um) (kV)
3.6/6(7.2)
6/10(12)
8.7/15(17.5)
12/20(24)
18/30(36)

Installation Test(1) Maintenance Test (2)

4Uo
75% of installation test
14.4
10.8
24
18
34.8
26.1
48
36
72
54

138

Uo/U(Um) (kV)
36/60-69(36)
64/110-115(64)

Installation Test(1) Maintenance Test (2)

3Uo
75% of installation test
108
81
192
144

(1)

Installation Test Voltage

( 15 )
(2)
Maintenance Test Voltage
( 15 )
IEC60502-2 ,IEC60840 IEEE std 400-1980
1. IEC60502-2 1 kV-30 kV
DC Test = 4Uo
2. IEC60840 30 kV-150 kV
DC Test = 3Uo
3. IEEE std 400-1980 Maintenance Test Voltage = 75 % of installation test
voltage
DC. Hi-Pot Test Set

Megohmmeter

5.3 DC Hi-Pot Test Set Megohmmeter

139

2.


(HDPE)

5.4
1.)
(Site Test)
-
-

- (ID , OD)
- Dummy

140
2.)

. ()

2.1)
2.1.1)
1/8 ( )

2.1.2) 1/2
1/8 2.1.1
2.1.3) Flexible Cleaner
1/2 2.1.2)

5.5 Flexible Cleaner

- HDD dummy

- duct bank duct pipe

jacking
-

141
2.1.4) 2.1.1 Rod Duct ( PVC )

5.6 Rod Duct ( PVC )

2.1.5) Dummy
12 . 1/2 2.1.2
50 kg Dummy
50 kg Dummy
2.1.6) Elbow 900 Riser Pole Dummy
12 . Elbow Riser Pole
2.1.7) 2.1.5 2.1.6
3-1/C,400 mm2 XLPE, 22 kV 5

2.1.8)
.
1/8

142

5.7 Plastic Plug

50

Y ( 4)
A

50

A
Dummy for Testing Duct

X ( 3)

SECTION A - A

5.8 Dummy

1. Dummy 22,33 & 115 kV

2. Dummy ()
3. Dummy
12 .
4. Dummy 400 .
Riser Pole Dummy 200 .

143
2.2) ( Riser
Pole) ( Riser Pole)

Carbon Black
( ultra violet) Neoprene Rubber
SA1-015/31022 ( 7232)

1.

1) 210 ./.2 Manhole

180 . /.2 Duct Bank
2) 10 2.5 .
3)
4)
5)
6)
30
120
7)
8)
(re-rolled bars)
9)
10) ...
2. (Manhole)

1) (Manhole)

2) ()
3) 5
25
4) Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile Sheet Pile

145
3. Duct Bank
Duct Bank
1) (Corrugated) Duct Bank
2)

3) Duct Bank (Slope) 1:200
4) Duct Bank
5)
6) Window Window Space
( Window Space
Duct Bank
Duct Bank)
4. (Semi-Direct Burial)

1) () 2.00 .
() 60 .
2)

3)
5. (Direct Burial)

1)
15 .

2) 1

3)

4)

146
6. (Cable Pulling Preparation)

6.1


(HDPE)




2 5
6.2



1-2
(Splicing) (Terminator)

147

2
1)

()
(Seal)
2)



6.3


1) As-Built Drawing
2) Check List Test Form
3) Material List
3.1) (Factory Test)
3.2) (Routine Test) - partial discharge, voltage test
3.3) (Special Test) - dimension , electric resistance
4) (Winch)

6.1 Winch

148
5) (Wire Rope) 1/2 5,000
3/4 10,000
6) 1/8 1/2
Dummy
7) Drum Jack ( )

6.2 Drum Jack ( )

8)
8.1) Pulling Grips Catalogue
(Maximum Tension ; TM)
240 .2

6.3 Pulling Grips

149
8.2) Pulling Eye Terminal Lug (Conductor)

400 - 800 .2

6.4 Pulling Eye

9) (Dynamo meter)

6.5 Dynamo meter

150
10)

6.6
11)
12) Mark
13)
14) ( Roller )

6.7 Roller
15) Stringing Box
16) ( Swivel )

151

6.8 Swivel
17)
18) ( Manhole )
19) D Shackle
20) Rod Duct (PVC) 1
21) ( Water Pump)
22)
(Pulling
Tensions) (Sidewall Pressure)
Drum Jack

Catalouge Pulling Grips Pulling Eye
(TM) ( Handbook )
6.4
1) ()

152
2)

3)
4) End Bell
End Bell
5)
Rod duct (PVC)
6) ( Winch)
(Dynamo meter)

7) Drum Jack


8) 45 3
HDPE
3 Pulling Grips
3 Mark
1 (Pulling Eye)

9) Pulling Grip
D Shackle Pulling Grip Swivel

( 22 33 kV )
(Substation) Riser Pole
Manhole
(Sidewall Pressure)
Riser Pole

153

6.9 (Pulling Grip)

10)
Soap Stone , Poly Water
Silicone Grease ( )
Petroleum Product
Jacket

11)


5 / 15 /
( Expansion )

12)
1.50 2.50
Megger Ohm
3

154
12.1) (Conductor Shield)
12.2) (Shield Ground)
12.3) (Conductor Ground)

13)

14)
6.5
.

1)
2)
3) -
4) , (Side Wall
Pressure) IEEE 525-1992 Guide for the Design and Installation of cable system in
substation
6.6 (Sealing End Cable)
1) 180 .

2) 76 .
3) 13 .

4)

155
5) 25 .
2
2
6)
7) 1
130 . 4
2
Heat Shrink

6.10

156

6.11 (Sealing End Cable)

Heat Shrink

157
7.














7.1
2
1)
1.1) Sheet Pile
1.2)
1.3)
1.4)
1.5)
2)
2.1) Manhole
2.2) , Manhole
2.3)
2.4)

158
7.2
80%
20%

(Manhole) (Substation) -

6.12 (Manhole) (Sub-station)

1)
2)
3)

4)

5)
5.1)

159

5.2)

5.3)
(
)
5.3.1)


- ( 18%)
- ( 20%
(Lower Explosive Limit LEL.))
- ( 25 PPM.)
- ( 10 PPM.)
5.3.2) 5.3.1



5.3.3)

5.3.4)

5.3.5)
(PPE.)
()
.
5.3.6)

160
7.3



1)
2) (
)
3)


4)

4.1)

4.2)

5)
(PPE.)
()
.
6)

7)

8)

161
7.4

7.5




1)
2)


8.
.
(Packing)
. (Wooden battens)
(Galvanized Steel Wire or Steel Strap)
Moisture-proof pulling Eye
115 kV 22 kV Moisture-proof end Caps

.

162
8.1
1)

2)

163

3)

164
4)

5)

1,700 .
2,700 .
(O.F.)

90 .
120 .
180 240 .

165
6)
.
.

7)
.

. 5

166
8.2
1)

2) 2

167
3) 60

60

4) 2
5 5 2

168

5)

6)

169
8.3

170
8.4
1)

2)
5

171
3)

4)

172
5)

6)

173
7)

8)

9)

174
8.5
1)

175
2)

3)

176
8.6