Welcome

Outline

Definition of IC Why do we need IC? IC Rollers IC Measurement Values Feedback Systems InIn -situ Tests IC Maps Summary y

Intelligent
Definition

sound judgment and

rationality

Ultimate Goal for IC

Gain the knowledge needed to develop credible and p productive IC Specifications p for future projects

Why do we need IC?

Why Intelligent Compaction? p

A I An Innovation ti i in C Compaction ti Control and Acceptance

Why Intelligent Compaction? p Proper inin-place density is vital for good performance Conventional compaction equipment and procedures have shortcomings and too often produce poor results Intelligent compaction technology appears to offer ff a a better b way way

Why Intelligent Compaction? p Shortcomings in the Compaction Process

Limited On The Fly y Feedback

Over or UnderUnder-Compaction p Can Occur

Intelligent Construction
Paving Control

Grade Control

Intelligent g Compaction

Cloud C Computing i

Site Positioning

Fleet Management

Conventional spotspot-testings
non-destructive spot-testings Troxler PQI/PDM destructive spot-testings Drill-core

Proportion P i of f spot-testings i to the q quantities placed p 1 : 1,000,000 1 000 000

Practical example: Counting g of p passes

1-3 passes Up to 13 passes

Up to 15 passes 1 pass
Passes

>8

Consistency

IC Rollers

IC Roller Requirements (FHWA) ( )

IC Measurement Value (ICMV) GPSGPS -Based B dD Documentation t ti S System t OnOn -Board, Color Color-coded Display Surface Temperature Measurement System Optional: Automatic Feedback System

Single Smooth Drum Rollers

AmmannAmmann -Case Caterpillar HAMMHAMM -Wirtgen

Bomag

Dynapac

S k i Sakai

Double Drum Rollers

Bomag Sakai

HAMMHAMM -Wirtgen

Caterpillar

Volvo

Intelligent Compaction
RTK GPS

Global Positioning S System (GPS)

Onboard Report System y

Continuous Measurement Sys e System

GPS Precisions Autonomous: 1010-15m Float: 1m DGPS: G S 0.50.5 0 -5m Fixed: 1 1-3cm

HCQ System
D-GPS accuracy

Correction calculation of the GPS-signals via geostationary reference stations. Correction signal is transmitted via communication satellites to D-GPS-receiver (rover). Accuracy: 5 10 cm

GPS Accuracy for IC

Poor P GPS

Good G d GPS

Sources of GPS Errors

Receiver Clock Error Atmosphere Multipath Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Lack of Clear Vie View to Sk Sky Satellite Geometry

A Typical IC System
GPSlinkedto onsite base station Onboardcomputer display p yunit
a:0.7mm f:30Hz Mode:Auto Pass:1 Scale

GPS referenced color coded compactionvalue

GPS referenced roller position Operation parameters

Machine integratedsensorsto measure drum/machine response to soilbehavior

HCQ Indicator (animation)

Caterpillar Soils IC System

Radio GPS Receiver

Display

Controllers A l Accelerometer t
Courtesy of Caterpillar

Slope Sensor

Sakai Double Drum IC System y

GPS Radio/Receiver

Control Panel

Temperature Sensor

Accelerometer

CIS Display

HAMM Double Drum IC y System

HCQ GPS Navigator

GPS Receiver

Temperature Sensors

Accelerometer

Control Panel

IC Measurement Values

Roller Measurement Values

Ammann kb

Caterpillar CMV,MDP

HAMM/Wirtgen HMV

Bomag EVIB

Dynapac CMV

Sakai CCV

Compaction Meter Value CMV

SoftRubber 1

Uncompacted p Sand

Compacted p Sand

h1 < h

Increasinggroundstiffness
A A A A

A2 CMV C A
A2

A A

A 0.5

A2

0.5

modified from Thurner and Sandstrm 1980

Feedback Systems
(Optional)

Ammann Auto Auto-Feedback

Courtesy of Ammann

Bomag Auto Auto-Feedback

Courtesy of Bomag

Correlation with InIn-Situ Testing g

Areaoverwhichthe rollerMVsareaveraged Insitupointtest measurements

2.1m

Distance=Rollertravelin approx.0.1to0.5sec.
ImpactForce FromRollers 300mm LWD/FWDa Nuclear SoilStiffness Density Gaugec Gaugeb Dynamic Cone P t t Penetrometer (DCP)

0.3mspacing Geophones

0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 Dep pth (m) 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 0

B= 2.1 m B= 0.3 0 3 m
Influencedepth =1.0to1.2m
Deflection Basind

Compactionlayer Typicalpenetration depth~1m Extension upto ~3m

1 5 m (ISSMGE 2005) 1.5

Notes: a Influence depthsfor LWD/FWDare assumed ~ 1 x B(width) b Influence depthofsoilstiffness gauge ~ 230 mm (FloridaDOT ,2003) c Maximum penetrationdepthfor Nuclear densitygauge = 0.3 m dAccording g toMethod ofEquivalent q Thicknessby yOdemark(1949) ( )

3 Width (m)

7
Courtesy of David White

Market Overview
Asphaltmanager stiffness reading

ACE Ammann Compaction Expert stiffness reading

HCQ Indicator stiffness tiff reading di

One dimensional systems, which measure only l the th stiffness tiff of f the th asphalt. h lt

InIn -Situ Testing

In-Situ Tests for InSoils/Subbase Soils/ Subbase

LWD
(Light Weight Deflectometer)

DCP
(Dynamic Cone Penetrometer)

NDG
(Nuclear Density Gauge)

FWD
(Falling Weight Deflectometer)

PLT
(Plate Load Test)

DSPA

BCD

(Dynamic Stiffness Pavement Analyzer) (Brieux Compaction Device)

InIn -Situ Tests for HMA

NG
(Nuclear Gauge)

LWDLWD -a
(Light Weight Deflectometer Asphalt)

NNG
(Non(Non -nuclear Gauge)

PSPA
(Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer)

Sampling Coverage

1 / 1,000,000 , ,

100 % Coverage

Courtesy of Trimble/Caterpillar

ICMV vs LWD
Sakai CCV

20 16 CCVPD D 12 8 4 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 ELWD-Z2 (MPa) ) LWD Z2 (

CCVPD = 1.76 + 0.14 ELWD-Z2 R2 = 0.75 n = 57

CCV

LWD

Meshes of IC Data
N

Raw Time History Data

N-E N E coordinates of *.gps gps are here which is center of drum drum.

.. ..

Refined Meshes
N-E coordinates of *.pln are here which is center of mesh. These coordinates are calculated by AithonMT using *.gps * gps data and setting data.
Courtesy of Sakai

All Passes and Proof Data

N

All passes data

IX X

Proofing data only

Legend of Pass No.

I, , V and IX are same coordinate. II, VI and X are same coordinate. III and VII are same coordinate. IV and VIII are same coordinate.

Pass No.=3 Pass No.=2 Pass No. =1

VII V III I VIII VI IV II

3 2 1

.. ..
E
Courtesy of Sakai

IC Maps

Ammann ACEplus System

Bomag BCM Office

Caterpillar p AccuGrade Office Trimble SiteVision Office

Dynapac DCA System

HAMM Compaction Quality (HCQ)

Sakai AithonMT

HAMM Asphalt HCQ y System

Data Collection

Compaction Degree

Stiffness is not the same as Compaction! p

(voids content)

Summary
Why IC again?
Offers advantages over conventional compaction equipment Offers valuable new tools to the Contractor to improve Quality Control Offers valuable new tools to the Owner/Agency to improve pavement service life Improved density. Better performance Improve p efficiency. y Cost savings g Increase information. Better QC/QA Overall Benefit: Improved Pavement Performance!

For More Info on IC

Website
IntelligentCompaction.com

Email
info@IntelligentCompaction.com

Phone
(512) 451 451-6233

Thank You