St Hildas Secondary School Secondary Four Express / Five Normal Academic Science (Chemistry) 5116 / 5118 Remedial Worksheet

for Term 2 Week 6 1. A bottle of copper(II) oxide had been contaminated with some solid sodium chloride. How can the sodium chloride be removed from the copper(II) oxide? A B C D Heat the mixture and allow it to cool Add dilute acid to the mixture and filter Add aqueous silver nitrate to the mixture Add water to the mixture and filter

50

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Separation Techniques. You need to analyse the mixture given and the properties of the constituents in the mixture. In the above mixture, which is made up of 2 solids, you should be able to differentiate the 2 substances based on their solubility in water, as sodium chloride is a soluble salt while copper(II) oxide is an insoluble base. After knowing the properties, you can then proceed to choose the appropriate method, which in this case is filtration.

2.

Which of the following is likely to be a pure compound? A B C D A white powder which dissolves in water Green crystals which melt at 58oC Blue crystals which melt over the range of 55oC and 60oC A liquid which gives two fractions when distilled

Thinking process: This question is assessing your understanding of the concept pure compound. A pure substance is made up of ONLY one substance and it always has a fixed melting point and boiling point.

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3.

A sugar, raffinose was treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution, Y, together with some known sugar solutions for reference, was analysed by chromatography. The following chromatogram was obtained.

glucose

maltose

galactose

fructose

This evidence suggests that dilute hydrochloric acid breaks down raffinose into A B C D Glucose and maltose Glucose, galactose and fructose Glucose, maltose and fructose Glucose, galactose and one sugar not among the reference sugars

Thinking process: This question is assessing your understanding of chromatography and how to read/interpret a chromatogram. In this chromatogram, the spot for the unknown sample is located on the LHS, while the reference/known substances are on the RHS. You need to match the spots from the separation of the unknown sample to the known substances by drawing horizontal lines across. Identical dyes produce spots at the same height, when the same solvent is used.

4.

On warming a salt with excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, a gas that turned damp red litmus paper blue was given off. On adding aluminium foil to the boiled solution, a further evolution of the same gas occurred. What was the salt? A B C D Sodium nitrate Ammonium chloride Ammonium sulphate Ammonium nitrate

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Qualitative Analysis and understanding of reactions of acids & bases. Key words/phrases include gas that turned damp red litmus paper blue suggest that ammonia gas is present. Ammonia gas can only be produced when there is presence of ammonium salts reacting with alkali, in this case, it is aqueous sodium hydroxide. The addition of aluminium foil is an indication of nitrate test, which will also produce ammonia gas, when it is a positive test.

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5.

The outer shell electrons in the compound YZ2 are shown. Use the Periodic Table to find the number of neutrons in atom Y, which is in the Period Li to Ne. A B C D 6 8 10 12 Key: - electrons of Y
X X X

X X

Y Z
X

x - electrons of Z
X X

XX

Z
XX XX

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding. The focus is on the atom Y. From the diagram, you will observe that atom Y has 6 valence electrons. This means it is in Group VI, a non-metal. Based on all the information given in the question, we know that atom Y is in Group VI and found in Period 2. This could only mean that Atom Y is Oxygen. Remember that number of neutrons can be determined by taking the difference between mass number and proton number.

6.

P2Q3 is an ionic compound. Which statement about P2Q3 is correct? A B C D It conducts electricity when molten due to free moving electrons It conducts electricity when molten because its ions are able to move. It has low melting point. Its ions are P2+ and Q3-.

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonding. Here, you are required to recall the properties of ionic compounds. In other words, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points (because large amount of energy required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction), conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water (because when in molten state or dissolved in water the ions are mobile and can act as charge carriers) and mostly soluble in water. Please also note that since the chemical formula of the compound above is P2Q3, the ions present are P3+ and Q2- respectively. (Hence, Option D is incorrect.)

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7.

The formula for the aluminium ion is Al3+. It follows that this ion has A B C D three electrons in its outer shell three more protons than electrons three more electrons than protons three more neutrons than electrons

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Atomic Structure. Since the ion formed is a positive one, we know that number of protons is more than electrons. Neutrons are not affected in the formation of ion.

The main ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS (Mr = 97). When this ore is heated in air, the reaction is represented by the following equation. 2ZnS + 3O2 2ZnO + 2SO2 What volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure would be needed to react completely with 194g of ZnS? A B C D 3 dm3 3 24 dm3 2 3 24 dm3 3 32 dm3

8.

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Chemical Calculations. 1st step: Calculate the number of moles of ZnS, using the formula: Number of moles = mass / molar mass 2nd step: Compare the mole ratio between ZnS and Oxygen. Based on the mole ratio, determine the number of moles of oxygen. 3rd step: Volume of gas = number of moles x 24 dm3

9.

Fluorine is the first element in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Which statement about fluorine is NOT correct? A B C D It forms ionic compounds with metals It is a gas at room temperature and pressure It is a more powerful oxidizing agent than chlorine It is monoatomic at room temperature

Thinking process: This question is assessing your understanding of properties of Group VII elements, in other words, Halogens. Halogens, being non-metals will form ionic compound with metals. The melting and boiling point increase down the group, hence, Fluorine being at the top of the group, is a gas at room temperature and pressure. Chemical reactivity decreases down the group, hence Fluorine is the most reactive halogen and is able to displace all other halogens from its salt solutions. In other words, it is also able to act as an oxidizing agent, where itself is being reduced. To be chemically stable, all halogens exist as diatomic molecules.

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10.

Air polluted by sulphur dioxide was passed through the apparatus shown in the diagram.

Which of the following solutions could be used as Z to show the presence of sulfur dioxide? A B C D Aqueous potassium iodide Aqueous iron(II) sulphate Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) Limewater

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Oxidation and Reduction / Qualitative Analysis. Sulfur dioxide gas can act as a reducing agent, where it will reduce an oxidizing agent such as acidified potassium dichromate (VI). Observation: The orange colour solution of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) changes to green in the presence of sulfur dioxide (reducing agent).

11.

The reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is exothermic. Which graph shows that the change in temperature when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to hydrochloric acid until the alkali is present in excess? A
o o

Volume of sodium hydroxide

Volume of sodium hydroxide

C
o o

D
C

Volume of sodium hydroxide

Volume of sodium hydroxide Page |

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Heat Changes in Reaction. As neutralization reaction is an exothermic reaction, heat will be released and this is represented by the rise in temperature. However, the increase in temperature will stop once the reaction is completed and the temperature will then try to match back to the surrounding.

12.

Oxides of elements may be classified as acidic, basic or amphoteric. Which set of oxides is correctly classified? A B C D Acidic Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Copper(II) oxide Zinc oxide Basic Copper(II) oxide Zinc oxide Carbon dioxide Copper(II) oxide Amphoteric Zinc oxide Copper(II) oxide Zinc oxide Carbon dioxide

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Acids and Bases (Types of Oxides) You are required to memorise the definition of acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides. Acidic oxides are oxides of non-metals which dissolves in water to form an acid. Basic oxides are oxides of metals which are usually insoluble in water, except for sodium oxide and potassium oxide. Basic oxides react with acids to form salt and water. Amphoteric oxides are made up of special group of oxides of metals, mainly Zinc Oxide, Aluminium oxide and Lead (IV) oxide, which react with both acids and alkalis to form salt and water.

13.

In which process is energy released to the surroundings? A B C D Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate Reacting sulphuric acid with sodium hydroxide Melting ice

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Heat changes in reaction. You are required to memorise the list of exothermic and endothermic reactions given by your teacher in class. In this question, the focus of question is on exothermic, since energy is released to the surroundings. Option A endothermic Option B endothermic, as heat is absorbed to break down the compound into simpler substances ( i.e decomposition) Option C exothermic, as reacting sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide is neutralization. Option D endothermic, as melting requires heat energy to be absorbed to break the forces of attraction holding the particles in their fixed arrangement.

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14.

Two solutions are mixed in a beaker and the mass of the beaker and the contents is then recorded at various times. The graph shows the results.
Mass of beaker and contents

time

Which could be the two solutions? A B C D aqueous copper(II) sulphate and aqueous ammonia aqueous sodium carbonate and dilute nitric acid aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous zinc sulphate dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium sulphate

Thinking process: This question is assessing your understanding of Speed of Reaction. Based on the shape of the graph, you know that the graph is obtained by measuring the mass of system over time. This method is best applied to reactions which produce gas as one of the products, which results in a decrease in mass, as the gas produced will be given off.

15.

Which products are formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with the substances shown in the table? substance iron iron(II) carbonate iron(II) oxide iron(II) sulphate products iron(II) chloride + hydrogen only iron(II) chloride + carbon dioxide gas only iron(II) chloride + oxygen gas only iron(II) chloride + sulphur dioxide only

A B C D

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Acids: Reactions of Acids. Iron is a metal and will react with acid to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Since the acid used is hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a chloride.

16.

A chemical reaction between a solid and an acid is too fast for safe use by a class of students. Which set of changes is most likely to make the reaction safe for the students to use? A B C D Pieces of solid Larger Larger Smaller Smaller Acid Less concentrated More concentrated Less concentrated More concentrated Temperature Lower Higher Lower Higher Page | 7

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Speed of Reaction: Factors affecting speed of reaction. In order to increase speed of reaction, you can use solids with larger surface area (i.e powdered form), higher concentration of reactants, higher temperature, higher pressure (only for gases) and also may use catalysts.

17.

Which of the following is correct about air? A B C D It contains 79% oxygen and 20% nitrogen. It is a mixture of elements. It contains carbon dioxide from incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances. It is a mixture of elements and compounds.

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Atmosphere and Environment. It can also be viewed as a General Knowledge question about air. Air is a mixture of elements and compounds (eg: oxygen gas (element) and carbon dioxide (compound)), it is made up of 79% of nitrogen, 20% of oxygen and 1% of other gases with argon as the main constituent and carbon dioxide.

18.

The equations show four reactions which take place in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron from haematite. C + CO2 2CO (1st) CaO + CO2 (2nd) CaCO3 Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 (3rd) SiO2 + CaO CaSiO3 (4th)

How many of these are redox reactions? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Extraction of Iron and also Redox. By definition, redox reactions involve oxidation and reduction reactions taking place at the same time. 1st: Redox Reaction The element carbon has undergone both oxidation and reduction in the above reaction. This is because its oxidation has changed from 0 to +2 (oxidized) and also +4 to +2 (reduced) 2nd: Decomposition reaction is not a redox reaction as there is no change in the oxidation states of the elements, Ca, O and C respectively. 3rd: Redox Reaction Fe has been reduced as its oxidation state decrease from +3 to 0, while C has been oxidized as its oxidation state increase from -2 to +4. OR CO is oxidized to CO2 (gain oxygen) while Fe2O3 is reduced to Fe (loss of oxygen) 4th : Formation of slag is not a redox, as there is no change in the oxidation state of the elements, Si, O and Ca.

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19

A student wants to titrate aqueous potassium hydroxide with dilute nitric acid. Which two pieces of apparatus is not required for the titration?

P A B C D P and R P and S Q and R Q and S

Thinking process: This question is linked to Preparation of Salts and your knowledge about apparatus and their functions. P = Burette (to measure volume of liquids up to 0.1cm3 accuracy), Q = Fractionating Column packed with beads, R = pipette (measure fixed volumes of liquids), S = Liebig condenser.

20

An element X has the electronic structure 2, 4. The simplest compound formed when X combines with hydrogen is most likely to be a A B C D compound that conducts electricity when aqueous. compound with a low boiling point. molecule made up of four atoms. solid compound which conducts electricity.

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Atomic structure and Chemical Bonding. From the electronic structure 2.4, you will know that Element X is a non-metal, as it has 4 valence electrons, placing it in Group IV in the Periodic Table. It is most likely to share its valence electrons with hydrogen, forming a covalent molecule.

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21

When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to salt X, the white precipitate formed remains insoluble in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. (This is a cation test for Salt X. Since white ppt is formed and insoluble in excess, we can deduce it to be Ca2+.) A fresh portion of salt X is dissolved in water and added to acidified barium nitrate, white precipitate is formed. (This is an anion test for sulfate. Since it is a positive test, Salt X contain sulfate.) What could X be? A B C D calcium chloride calcium sulfate lead(II) chloride lead(II) sulfate

22

Element X has a proton number of 15. Element Y has a proton number of 9. Which statement about the compound formed from X and Y is correct?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Atomic structure and Chemical Bonding. You are required to write out the electronic configuration for Element X and Y respectively in order to help you determine the type of bonding present. Element X = 2.8.5 (Group V, since there are 5 valence electrons). Thus, one atom of X will share 3 of its 5 valence electrons. Element Y = 2.7 (Group VII, since there are 7 valence electrons). Thus, one atom of Y will share one of its 7 valence electrons. Hence, an atom of X will combine with 3 atoms of Y, forming a compound with chemical formula of XY3.

A B C D

The compound is a covalent compound with the formula XY3. The compound is a covalent compound with the formula X3Y. The compound is an ionic compound with the formula XY3. The compound is an ionic compound with the formula X3Y.

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23

The equation for the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and chlorine is given below. H2S (g) + Cl2 (g)

S(s) + 2HCl (g)

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Oxidation and Reduction. From the equation above, you would observe that H2S has been oxidized (hence, it is acting as a Reducing Agent) while Cl2 has been reduced (hence, it is acting as an Oxidising Agent).

Which of the following statements is correct? A B C D Cl2 is the oxidising agent. It adds electrons to H2S. Cl2 is the reducing agent. It removes electrons from H2S. H2S is the reducing agent. Cl2 is reduced. It is not a redox reaction.

24

Which of the following gives the correct classification for the four oxides below?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Acids and Bases Types of Oxides) Please refer to Question 12 for explanation.

CO2 A B C D basic basic acidic acidic

Li2O acidic amphoteric basic neutral

NO acidic acidic neutral neutral

PbO amphoteric basic amphoteric basic

25

In which equation is the sign of the energy change, H, shown correctly?

Thinking process: This question is linked to Heat Changes in Reactions. A positive value for H represents an endothermic reaction while a negative value for H represents an exothermic reaction.

A B C D

NH Cl (g) CO (g) + H O (l) C H O (s) + O (g) CH (g) + 2O (g) CO (g) + 2H O (g)

NH4Cl (s)
2 4 2 6 12 6 2 4 2 2 2

equation

H negative negative positive positive Page | 11

2AgCl (s) 2Ag (s) + Cl2 (g)

26

Which one of the following would give a pH of less than 7 when dissolved in water?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Acids and Bases. Since the question is looking for a substance which would give a pH of less than 7 when dissolved in water, you should think of acidic substances. In other words, the substance must produce H+ ions when dissolved in water.

A B C D 27

ammonia hydrogen chloride potassium nitrate sodium chloride

Which of the following salts can be prepared by titration?

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Preparation of Salts Titration method is used to prepare soluble salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium only. Note: Titration can also be used to prepare Group I salts.

A B C D

ammonium sulfate calcium sulfate copper(II) carbonate zinc chloride

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28

Dissolving ammonium chloride in water is endothermic. Which graph shows the change in temperature with time until there is no further change in temperature? Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Heat changes in Reaction. Since you are looking for endothermic reaction, the temperature will drop before rising to match the surrounding temperature again.

Temperature

Temperature

room temperature

room temperature Time Time

Temperature C

Temperature D

room temperature

room temperature

Time

Time

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29

Which of these statements about the metals in Group I of the Periodic Table is correct?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic The Periodic Table: Group I elements. You are required to be very familiar with the properties and trends of Group I elements, or else known as Alkali Metals. These metals are known as Alkali metals as they react with water to form alkalis and hydrogen gas. For example, 2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g) (Please avoid thinking that the product form is sodium oxide, NaO) This include, trends such as melting and boiling point decreases down the group, the densities increases down the group and chemical reactivity increases down the group.

A B C D

Their densities decrease down the group. Their melting points decrease down the group. Their reactivities decrease down the group. They react with cold water to give metal oxides and hydrogen gas only.

30

The table below shows possible impurities in iron ore (haematite) and possible substances which could be added to the blast furnace to remove such impurities. Which one of the following options is correct?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Extraction of Iron To remove the impurities, which is mainly silicon dioxide (sand), calcium carbonate (limestone) is decomposed to form basic oxide, calcium oxide. The basic oxide will react with acidic oxide, silicon dioxide to form calcium silicate.

impurity in iron ore A B C D 31 chalk clay granite sand (silica)

chemical added to remove impurity acid slag coke limestone

Which of the following best explains why recycling ensures that metals will be available in the future? A B C D Dumping of metals in landfill sites is unsightly. Recycling metals ensures that the metals do not lose their metallic properties. Recycling metals saves the cost of extracting new metals from their ores. There are finite amounts of metal ores in the Earths surface. Page | 14

32

The table below describes the reactions between 3 metals X, Y and Z with cold water and steam. reaction with cold water no reaction reaction with steam reacts slowly to form hydrogen gas no reaction

Y Z

no reaction

reacts readily to form reacts violently to form hydrogen gas hydrogen gas

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Reactivity series of metals. From the data in the table above, we can observe that the least reactive metal is Y, followed by X being moderately reactive and Z as highly reactive.

Which of the following are likely to be metal X, Y and Z? X A B C D iron lead zinc zinc Y lead copper copper silver Z calcium magnesium sodium potassium

33

Which of the following statements about the molecules of cooking oil at room temperature is correct?

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Kinetic Particle Theory. Since cooking oil is liquid at room temperature, we know that the particles are able to slide past one another and the particles are disorderly and not as close as that of solids. The forces of attraction between the particles is less strong compared to solids (even though the particles are still close together)

A B C D

The molecules vibrate about fixed positions. The molecules are close together but in a disorderly arrangement. The molecules are held together by strong forces. The molecules are far apart and move randomly.

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34 Which substance is wrongly matched with the type of particles it contains?

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Ions charged particles formed from atoms. Molecules when 2 or more non-metals combined chemically by sharing electrons. Atoms simplest form of matter. Note: HCl (g) is actually a covalent molecule HCl (aq) is actually ionic when in aqueous state.

Substance A B C D HCl (g) I2 (s) LiBr (s) Graphite

Type of Particles ions molecules ions atoms

35 In which reaction is the underlined substance acting as a reducing agent?

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Redox. Reducing agents are substances that will reduce others but itself is oxidized in the reaction.

A chlorine + iron(II) chloride iron(III) chloride B hydrogen + copper(II) oxide copper + water C hydrochloric acid + magnesium oxide magnesium chloride + water D zinc oxide + carbon monoxide zinc + carbon dioxide

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36 Which of the following salts is incorrectly matched with its method of preparation?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Preparation of Salts. There are 3 main methods of preparation of salts: Method 1: For soluble salts not including sodium, potassium and ammonium salts. Reacting acids with excess metals (provided the metals are not highly reactive and it becomes dangerous) / metal oxides/ metal carbonates Method 2: For preparation of sodium, potassium and ammonium salts. Reacting acids with soluble bases (alkalis) Titration. Method 3: For preparation of insoluble salts Reacting 2 soluble salt solutions together.

Salt A B C D silver nitrate ammonium sulphate lead(II) chloride Iron(III) sulphate

Method of Preparation add excess silver to warm dilute nitric acid titrate aqueous ammonia with dilute sulphuric acid mix aqueous lead(II) nitrate and dilute hydrochloric acid add excess iron(III) oxide to warm dilute sulphuric acid

37 Which of the following process(es) give(s) out energy? (I) condensation of ethanol vapour (give out energy) (II) melting of ice (energy is absorbed to overcome the forces of attraction holding the particles in fixed arrangement) (III) reacting aqueous sodium hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid (neutralization, give out energy) (IV) H2 H + H (From the equation, we can see that the molecule of hydrogen is broken down to single atoms of Hydrogen, so energy must be taken in instead of giving out energy)
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Heat changes in reaction. Since the question stated gives out energy., we are looking for exothermic reactions such as neutralization, combustion etc.

A B C D

(I) only (I) and (III) (I) and (IV) (II) and (III)

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For questions 38 to 40 refer to this part of the Periodic Table.

O Na Mg K Al Ti Fe

38

What do the metals Fe (iron) and Ti (titanium) have in common?

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic The Periodic Table. Fe and Ti are metals found in the centre block which means they are transition metals. Key properties of transition metals include ability to exist in variable oxidation states and form coloured compounds and often used as catalysts.

A B C D 39

They belong to the same group in the periodic table. They form coloured compounds. They do not conduct electricity. They are resistant to corrosion.

When Fe (iron) and O (oxygen) react, iron atoms join with oxygen atoms to form iron oxide, Fe2O3. When this happens, . . .

Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic Chemical Bonding. Since iron atoms and oxygen atoms are chemically combined to form iron(III) oxide, we know a compound and a chemical reaction has taken place. During a chemical reaction to form new products, there will be re-arrangement of atoms and since the compound formed is ionic in nature, electrons are transferred.

A the nuclei from iron and oxygen atoms join together. B electrons are lost and new atoms form. C electrons are transferred and chemical bonds hold the atoms together. D the nuclei are transferred and new atoms form. 40 Fe (iron) and O (oxygen) are in the periodic table but Fe2O3 (iron oxide) is not. This is because iron oxide is . . . A B C D an alloy. a compound. an ore. a gas.

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41

Which one of the following statements about the Periodic Table is not true?
Thinking process: This question is linked to the topic The Periodic Table. Consider the Group trends and also the general structure of Periodic Table when answering this question. Key concepts: Number of valence electrons corresponds to the Group number of the element. Number of electron shells corresponds to the Period in which the element is in. Moving from left to right, the elements change from metals, metalloids and non-metals.

A B C D

The elements in a group have the same number of outer shell electrons The reactivity of the halogens decreases down Group VII. The melting points and densities increases down Group I. As we go across a period from left to right, the elements change from metals to metalloids and then to non-metals.

42

Which row in the table correctly describes the type of combustion and a substance produced when fuel oil is burned in open air? Thinking process: This question is linked to the concept of Combustion. Complete combustion of fuels will result in two main products carbon dioxide and water Incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen supply will result in the following products carbon monoxide and unburnt carbon. A B C D Type of combustion Complete Complete Incomplete Complete Substance produced Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide

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43

Note the following information about Titanium, Sodium and Carbon. Titanium cannot be extracted by carbon reduction of its ore, which contains titanium dioxide, TiO2. When sodium reacts with titanium chloride, titanium and sodium chloride are formed. (Since Na is able to displace titanium from its salt solution, Na is more reactive than Ti) Sodium, not carbon, is used to extract titanium from its compounds.

Thinking process: This question is linked to the concept of reactivity of metals with respect to carbon. Which row in the table does this information suggest to be the order of reactivity for carbon, sodium and titanium? A B C D Most reactive Sodium Sodium Titanium Carbon Titanium Carbon Sodium Titanium Least reactive Carbon Titanium Carbon Sodium

44 Which one of the following equations does not represent a neutralization reaction? A B C D 2HCl (aq) + Fe(OH)2(s) FeCl2(aq) + H2O (l) H2SO4 (aq) + Ba(NO3)2 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (g) (NH4)2 SO4 (aq) 2HNO3 (aq) + Mg(s) Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + H2 (g) linked to the topic Acids and Bases

Thinking process: This question is

Please note that neutralization is describe the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water, H+ (from acids) + OH (from soluble bases) H2O as neutralisation

In options A, C and D, the acids are behaving as acids, where the H+ ions are used up during the reactions. However, for option B, the acid is not behaving as acids, as the reaction is actually a precipitation, where H2SO4 is the source for sulfate ions to form BaSO4 (an insoluble salt)

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45 Which hydroxide dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution? Since the question requires you to choose a base which is soluble, the best option is calcium hydroxide. A B C D **46 Aluminium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Copper (II) hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide

All of the following substances produce carbon dioxide on complete combustion. Which one will produce 1.0 mole of carbon dioxide? A B C D 2.0 mole of graphite, C. 1.5 mole of propane, C3H8. 1.5 mole of ethane, C2H4. 0.5 mole of ethanol, C2H5OH.

Thinking process: This question is assessing Chemical Calculation. Since the question states complete combustion, please note that the only two products formed are carbon dioxide and water. You will need to write out the balanced chemical equations for the above: Option A: C + O2 CO2 Option B: C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O Option C: C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O Option D: C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O ** This question can be challenging as you will need to be able to write balanced chemical equation to represent the combustion process. 47 Small portions of aqueous potassium iodide and of acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) were added separately to each of the four solutions. The colour changes seen are shown in the table. Solutions 1 2 3 4 Potassium iodide Colourless to brown Colourless to brown No visible change No visible change Potassium manganate(VII) Purple to colourless No visible change Purple to colourless No visible change

Thinking process: The question is linked to the topic Redox. You are expected to know that Potassium Iodide is a Reducing Agent while potassium manganite (VII) is an oxidising agent. Reducing agent will reduce others and itself is oxidised. Hence KI will be oxidised as observed by a change in colour from colourless to brown. Page | 21

On the other hand, KMnO4 being an oxidising agent, will oxidise others and itself is reduced, as observed by the change in colour from purple to colourless. Since you are required to choose solutions which can act as oxidizing agents, the solutions must be able to oxidise KI. Which solutions can act as an oxidizing agent? A C 48 1 only 1 and 3 only B D 1 and 2 only 2 and 4 only.

Carbon dioxide is produced from the burning of carbon monoxide in oxygen according to the reaction.

2CO (g)

O2 (g)

2CO2 (g)

20 cm3 of carbon monoxide was reacted with 15 cm3 of oxygen at room condition. What is the total volume of gases measured at the end of the reaction? A B C D 0 cm3 10 cm3 25 cm3 35 cm3

Thinking process: This question is assessing Chemical Calculation. Since the reactants and products are all in gaseous states, you can compare the mole ratio to determine the volume of gases. However, please note that you are required to identify which gas is acting as the limiting reagent here. To determine the limiting reagent, you have to compare the mole ratio of the reactant to the product. Based on the chemical equation above, you will observe that mole ratio of CO : O2 is 2 : 1. Thus when 20 cm3 of CO will require 10 cm3 of O2 in the reaction. However, the volume of O2 present is 15 cm3. Hence, there will be 5 cm3 of O2 unreacted. From this, we know that O2 is in excess while CO is the limiting reagent. To determine the volume of CO2 produced, we use the mole ratio (as shown) between CO and CO2, which is actually 1:1. Hence, the volume of CO2 produced is 20 cm3. Total volume of gas present = 20 cm3 + 5 cm3 (unreacted O2) = 25 cm3.

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49

The table below refers to four metals and some of their compounds. Metal Action of dilute sulfuric acid on metal Hydrogen evolved No reaction Hydrogen evolved Hydrogen evolved Effect of hydrogen on heated oxide Reduced Reduced No action No action Action of metal on solution of the sulfate of S No reaction No reaction S formed No reaction

P Q R S

Which one of the following is the order of the reactivity? A B C D Most reactive Q R R R P P S Q S S P P Least Reactive R Q Q S

Thinking process: This question is assessing you on your understanding of the Reactivity Series of Metals. From the table it is observed that Q is the least reactive as it does not react with acid and also it is unable to displace the other metals from their metal salt solutions. Hence options A and B are out. Metal R is the most reactive as it reacts with acid and is able to displace S from its salt solution. This means that R is more reactive than S.

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50 Several tests were conducted for a colourless solution S to determine its chemical properties and the observations were recorded below. Test Observations

1. To a portion of S, add No visible observation excess aqueous sodium hydroxide 2. Add aluminium powder to Effervescence of pungent gas which Test 1. Warm mixture gently. gave brown precipitate when bubbled into aqueous iron (III) chloride

Which ions could be present in S? A B C D Calcium and nitrate Potassium and nitrate Sodium and bromide Sodium and ammonium

Thinking process: This question is assessing the topic Qualitative Analysis. Test 1 is a cation test. However, there is no ppt observed. So it cannot be calcium, as stated in Option A. Besides serving as a cation test, it is also required in the test for nitrate, where besides addition of aqueous NaOH, aluminium powder is also added and the mixture is warmed. The test for nitrate is positive as a pungent gas, which is ammonia, is produced. This is further confirmed as the ammonia gas when bubbled in aqueous iron(III) chloride will produce brown ppt, as ammonia gas would have dissolved in water to form aqueous ammonia and reacts with the cation, Fe3+.

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Answer Sheet for MCQ 1 2 3 4 5 D B B D B 16 17 18 19 20 A D B D B 31 32 33 34 35 D A B A D 46 47 48 49 50 D B C C B

6 7 8 9 10

B B C D C

21 22 23 24 25

B A C C D

36 37 38 39 40

A B B C B

** Please change the question numbers No. 25 to 24 and No. 24 to No. 25. C A C B A B A D B D C B A B B

11 12 13 14 15

26 27 28 29 30

41 42 43 44 45

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Group I II
1

III H
Hydrogen

IV

VI

VII

0
4

He
Helium

1 7 9 11 12 14 16 19

2 20

Li
Lithium

Be
Beryllium

B
Boron

C
Carbon

N
Nitrogen

O
Oxygen

F
Fluorine

Ne
Neon

3 23

4 24

5 27

6 28

7 31

8 32

9 35.5

10 40

Na
Sodium

Mg
Magnesium

Al
Aluminium

Si
Silicon

P
Phosphorus

S
Sulfur

Cl
Chlorine

Ar
Argon

11 39

12 40

45

48

51

52

55

56

59

59

64

65

13 70

14 73

15 75

16 79

17 80

18 84

K
Potassium

Ca
Calcium

Sc
Scandium

Ti
Titanium

V
Vanadium

Cr
Chromium

Mn
Manganese

Fe
Iron

Co
Cobalt

Ni
Nickel

Cu
Copper

Zn
Zinc

Ga
Gallium

Ge
Germanium

As
Arsenic

Se
Selenium

Br
Bromine

Kr
Krypton

19 85

20 88

21 89

22 91

23 93

24 96

25

26 101

27 103

28 106

29 108

30 112

31 115

32 119

33 122

34 128

35 127

36 131

Rb
Rubidium

Sr
Strontium

Y
Yttrium

Zr
Zirconium

Nb
Niobium

Mo
Molybdenum

Tc
Technetium

Ru
Ruthenium

Rh
Rhodium

Pd
Palladium

Ag
Silver

Cd
Cadmium

In
Indium

Sn
Tin

Sb
Antimony

Te
Tellurium

I
Iodine

Xe
Xenon

37 133

38 137

39 139

40 178

41 181

42 184

43 186

44 190

45 192

46 195

47 197

48 201

49 204

50 207

51 209

52

53

54

Cs
Caesium

Ba
Barium

La
Lanthanum

Hf
Hafnium

Ta
Tantalum

W
Tungsten

Re
Rhenium

Os
Osmium

Ir
Iridium

Pt
Platinum

Au
Gold

Hg
Mercury

Tl
Thallium

Pb
Lead

Bi
Bismuth

Po
Polonium

At
Astatine

Rn
Radon

55

56 226

57 227

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

Fr
Francium

Ra
Radium

Ac
Actinium

87

88

89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175

*58-71 Lanthanoid series 90-103 Actinoid series

a
a = relative atomic mass X = atomic symbol b=proton(atomic)number

Ce
Cerium

Pr
Praseodymium

Nd
Neodymium

Pm
Promethium

Sm
Samarium

Eu
Europium

Gd
Gadolinium

Tb
Terbium

Dy
Dysprosium

Ho
Holmium

Er
Erbium

Tm
Thulium

Yb
Ytterbium

Lu
Lutetium

58 232

59

60 238

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Key

X
b

Th
Thorium

Pa
Protactinium

U
Uranium

Np
Neptunium

Pu
Plutonium

Am
Americium

Cm
Curium

Bk
Berkelium

Cf
Californium

Es
Einsteinium

Fm
Fermium

Md
Mendelevium

No
Nobelium

Lr
Lawrencium

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

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