Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PROFESSORS CUT
REVIEWER in
PLEASE READ ON
CONJURING
DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGIES
Administration is a universal practice and also of universal importance. Administration exists whenever people cooperate to achieve the goals of their groups and such achievements require planning, organization, command, cooperation and control. It involves the mobilization, deployment and direction of human and material resources to attain specified objectives. Public Administration may be considered both a field of action and a field of study. As a field of action, Public Administration refers to the mechanics and structures through which government policies are implemented. As a field of study or discipline, Public Administration refers to the academic discipline which studies the mechanics and structures through which government implement its programmes. Public Administration, according to Woodrow Wilson (yr), is a detailed and systematic application of law. Every particular application of law is an act of administration. In the words of Dwight Waldo (yr), Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of the states and for . Luther Gullrich, Public Administration is that part of science of administration which has to do with the government and thus concerns itself primarily with the executive branch where the work of government is done. All these definitions of Public Administration exhibit the following characteristics: Organization and Direction and material resources into an organized structure. This organized entity is well guided to attain Here Public Administration brings together human acceptable goals for the interest of all. The issue of cooperation and unity of purpose for the welfare of all; Public Administration is a collective caring process for the welfare and well-being of all. It, therefore, involves the harmonization of personal and group goals. It harmonizes personal and group goals.
III-LEG | PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | 2013
the formulation and implementation of public policies; the executive arm of government the involvement of problems concerning human behavior at governmental level; and a field that is differentiated in several ways from private administration.
However, Public Administration is broad and cannot be restricted to a specific detail. It is multi-discipline because students and practitioners alike need to draw from several discipline like political science, psychology, sociology and especially the sciences in order to reach the truth about a particular administrative problem or before the best decision can be taken and implemented.
11
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
The word approach means to come nearer or closer to something. The approaches discussed here depend on the definition of Public Administration and the extent to which the boundaries of the subject are adjusted. The following are the approaches to the study of Public Administration.
13
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Judiciary Approach: Of all the approaches to the study of Public Administration, the judicial approach is the oldest. This approach assumes that Public Administration carried out primarily by the executive organ of government is nothing more than the implementation of rules and regulations as passed by the legislature. Public Administration is the Science of government and is the knowledge of the laws by which every society is regulated. It can be concluded here that Public Administration originated from the study of the judiciary or Administrative Law
III-LEG | PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | 2013 14
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Scientific Approach: Fredrick W. Taylors, the father of Scientific Management, effort was to develop public administration into a science from principles within the engineering and management sciences. Taylors desire was to increase production by motivating the workers to work harder.
15
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Comprehensive Approach: Here, Public Administration is considered as the total performance of governmental functions or organizational functions by those placed in position to do so. This approach to the study of Public Administration sees both the functional and the administrative tasks as Public Administration and hence the term comprehensive.
III-LEG | PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | 2013 16
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Administrative Process Approach: As the name suggest, this approach sees administration as the make-up of some processes or functions which include policy, organization, personnel, finance procedures and control.
Conventional Approach: This is a transition from the comprehensive and the administrative process approaches. Here, a distinction is drawn between specialized professional and the generalists or the administrative staff. The question that arises here is, the generalists or administrators as the technical experts, who is fit to head the organization?
III-LEG | PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION | 2013 17
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Economy and Efficiency Approach: Under this approach, economy is replaced with the issue of efficiency. There is a strong relationship between the scientific approach and the economy and efficiency approach. While the scientific approach attempts to identify the principles of making management of men and materials in any organization more efficient, the efficiency approach largely introduces and applies these management principles in the organization of men in the public and private sectors of a political system. Historical Approach: This approach sees Public Administration from the perspective of historical developments or events in a nations public service. A typical type is the reforms in the Nigerian civil service from 1922 till date. The Nigerian civil service is growing and getting refined due to the several reforms she has undergone to make it what it is today.
18
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Posit Public Administration as an Art or Science)
Equity Approach: The equity approach to the study of Public Administration states that public officials should become sensitive to the needs, desires and aspirations of the public. This approach is the outcome of the widespread disorder experienced in the United States of America in the fifties and especially the development and spread of ideologies of Socialism which emphasized equity of human beings have the concept of equity. Realizing that mans actions towards his fellow man had been inhuman, the equity approach is aimed at rectifying mans injustice or inhumanity towards man by encouraging the American public servants to discard selfinterest and to be sensitive towards mans social problems.
19
21
23
CONCLUSION
Public Administration is an essential activity that which involves the coordination of all organized actions, having as its purpose, the implementation of public policy.
34