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‫اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌـﻼﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﳎﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺣـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺒﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺭﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻭﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﲝﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﲣﺼﺼﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﺼﻮﺍﹰ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﻴـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳝـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼﹰ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻨـﻪ ﺟـﺰﺀ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻲ ﻛﻌﻀﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﺀ ﻟﻠﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺣﺪ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﳝﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻟﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻀﻮﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ) ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻟﲔ ﺩﻭﺩﺝ ( ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻻ ﻏﲎ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸـﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﺎﹰَ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ ﰎ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻐﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻼﹶ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺇﻻ ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻟﻪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻮﺟﺰﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪-:‬‬

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‫أوﻻً ‪:‬ﺻﻔﺎت اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ ‪.:‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﳛـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ – ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺰﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ – ﻳﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳜﺸﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺘﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﺃﻋﺒﺎﺋﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺮﱘ ﻭﲰﻌﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﳌﺎﺣﺎﹶ ﺫﻛﻴﺎﹰ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ – ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻈﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺛﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻄﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﺰﻧﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ – ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻘﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﻃﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻻﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻻﹰ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺤﻴﺰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﱰﺍﻫﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻼﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﻔﻌﻼﹰ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ﻓﺎﳘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻄـﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﻃﻨﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻜﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻨﻔﺬﺍﹰ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻤﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﻬﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻘﺒﻼﹶ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﲟﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻓـﻊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﲟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﱪﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺗﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻠﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻌﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴـﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﺛﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺷـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ ﻭﺃﺻﻌﺒﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺳـﻬﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ) ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﰲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً ‪ :‬اﻹﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﳑﺎﺭﺳـﺔ ﺃﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻀـﻐﻮﻃﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﺷﻴﺊ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ـﺎ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠـﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ـ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻣـﺄﺛﻮﺭﺓ ) ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ( ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬
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‫ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺋﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﳝـﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲣﺼﺼﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄـﱯ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺟـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﲣﻀﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﻼﺣـﻆ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻸﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﳍﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘـﺪﺭﺑﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻮﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﲔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺍﻷﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻓﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎﹰ ) ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ( ‪ ،‬ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘـﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﲞﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺋﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﲔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﻢ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﳋﺮﳚﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺎﺡ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻷﻥ ﳝـﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻮﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺇﺷـﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻛـﺎﺩﳝﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﻟﻴﺠﺮﺏ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻳﻜﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﺄﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻃﱯ ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻛﺴـﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﻋﻼﺝ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﻞ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘـﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﲟﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻴـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻪ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﳌﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﳛﺒﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﱏ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ ﲝﺐ ﻭﺇﺧـﻼﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺟﺰﺍﺀً ﺃﻭ ﺷﻜﻮﺭﺍﹰَ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲡﻬﺰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻻﻟﺘﺤـﺎﻕ‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺮﻏﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﳊﺒﻪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﱐ ﻭﺇﺧﻼﺹ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳـﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﲔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻘﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻭﰎ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً ‪ :‬أدوار اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺟﺰﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺑﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺎﻧـﺐ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﻴﺒﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﻔﺼـﻞ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﺟﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﳘﻴـﺔ ﺩﺧﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺍﻧـﺐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺸﻜﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘـﺮﺩﺩﻳﻦ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿـﻰ ‪،‬‬
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‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺃﺳـﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳉﻮ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳـﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﳍﻢ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻳـﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﳑـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﺳـﺮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻟﻨﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﺎﺟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﺎﻟـﺖ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻘـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﺩﻭﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﳍـﻢ ﺍﻟـﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﳒﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳌﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌـﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻟﻌـﻼﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳـﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺻﻴﻎ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ " ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺸـﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺗﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺼـﺒﺢ ﻋﻀـﻮﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻐﲑﻩ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺟﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻳﺼﻤﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺿـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻨﻤﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﺤﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻀﻮﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤـﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺽ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻄﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﺝ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﺃﺳـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻴﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘـﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺆﻫﻠﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻤﻲ ﺫﻭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﰎ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻃﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﻘﻖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﻧـﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻜـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﻟﻠﺴﺤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺳﻮﺀً ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺼﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﲎ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﳉﻬـﻮﺩ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺬﻝ ﻟﺘﻤﻨﻊ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ) ﺍﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻬﻮﺭﻱ ( ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺑﲔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳـﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺘﺨﺬ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺣـﱴ ﺭﻏـﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻈـﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﻜـﺮ ﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸـﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﱐ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﲔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻲ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﰱ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻮﺩ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻋﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ) ﺇﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ( ﻓﻬـﻲ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺘـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲣـﺎﺫ ﺧﻄـﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﲤﻨﻊ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ) ﻫﺎﺭﻛﱰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰ ( ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎﹰ ﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳـﺪﻭﺭ ﺣـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻫﻲ )‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ( ﻭﺇﺗﺎﺣـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳـﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻜﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺃﺳـﺮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﺪﻭﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀـﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﻨـﺘﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﲔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﺷـﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﲟﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﳌﻦ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺒﺤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﱏ ﺣﺪ ﳑﻜﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻟﻄﺔ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺑﺘﻮﻋﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻗﻨﺎﻋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﳒﺎﺏ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻻﹰ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﻭﻯ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻓﻴﺸﺠﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻼﻗﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﻜﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺸﺠﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺄﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻃﻼﻗﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻜـﻞ ﺟﻬـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻷﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﻴﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺌﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗـﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪ person in environment‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻳﺘﻄﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺢ ﻭﺃ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺩﻫﺎ ) ﺫﺍﺳﺘﺮﻭ ( ﻭ ) ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ( ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : ‬ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﳌﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻴﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﲣﻔﻴـﻒ ﻣﺸـﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ‪ reassurance‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ‪ encouragement‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﺽ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺬﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸـﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺗﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺪﺭ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﲔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺫﺍ‪‬ـﻢ ﻭﲣﻔﻴـﻒ ﺿـﻐﻮﻃﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌـﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﲔ ‪.‬‬

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‫أدوار اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﳐﺎﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻠﻘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻤﺄﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺑﻞ ﻫـﻮ ﺍﻟـﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻼﺟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸـﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺭﻭﺣﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻤﺄﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺒﺬﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳚﻨﺒﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ ﻷﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻛـﻞ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﲞﱪﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻤﺄﻧﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗـﺎﺕ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﻗﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﳐﺎﻭﻓﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﲤﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﳎﺎﻻﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﻨﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺅﺳﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﻳﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺁﻻﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺎﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﳐﺎﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻠﻘﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻗﻨﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻤﺄﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺸـﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﳛﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺮﻭﺣﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﳚﺎﰊ ﲡﺎﻩ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸـﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺎﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺁﻻﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺎﺟﺌﻮﻥ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻘﻒ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺜﲑ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﻨﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﺎﳊﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﺜﲑ ﺍﳋـﻮﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺒﻮﺗﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﲣﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺼﲑ ﲟﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﻨﺴـﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﳌﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﳌﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ !!!! ‪.‬‬
‫ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﺬﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻼﺣﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻋﺐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﳊﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﳌﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺕ ﺛﻘﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ ؟‬
‫ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﳛـﺘﻔﻆ ﲟﻜﺎﻧﺘـﻪ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﳌﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻭﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺳـﻢ ﺧﻄـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﳕﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﻫﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺸـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺸـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻬﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﳊﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﱰﻝ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻌﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻞ ﻭﲡﻨﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﻼﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺸـﺎﻃﻪ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ،‬ﲤﻬﻴـﺪﺍﹰ‬
‫ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﳊﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺎت اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼـﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﲢﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﻼﻉ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘـﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺿـﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﳍﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺟـﻮﺭ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﳍﻴﺌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ ﳊﲔ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸـﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺤﻔﻆ ﺣﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﻕ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻇﺮﻭﻓـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﺍﹰ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻫﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﳍﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﲟﻨﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺼـﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄـﱯ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﺗـﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑـﲔ ﺍﳍﻴﺌـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺟﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻭﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﻔـﻆ ﺍﻟﺴـﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﻬﻴﺊ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﺍﻹﻓـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺿـﻰ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺤﻘﺔ‬
‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺬﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺆﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴـﻢ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﰲ ﲣﺼﺼﻪ ﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿـﻰ ﻭﺃﺳـﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﲜﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻔﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺁﻻﻣﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﰲ ﺗـﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺳـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺷﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻌﺎﹰ ﻻﻧﺘﻜﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻭﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄﲔ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌـﺆﺛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣـﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ ﺑﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﱪﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﱪﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺄﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ‬

‫ﻟﻸﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻏﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

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