NAME 1.

) Bone Cancer

RISK FACTORS Stress Previous Chemotherapy Previous Radiation Therapy Pagets disease(non-cancerous bone condition) Inherited genetic symptoms

SYMPTOMS Rising Temperature on local skin Venous engorgement Rapid growth of bone Tumor with pain under compression Dysfunction of joints Pathologic fracture

DETECTION intermittent dull pain --> persistent severe pain with aggravation at night. Systematic toxic reaction, including loss of appetite, weight loss, systematic exhaustion and dyscrasia, etc. mainly happens to teenagers from 15 to 25 years old. It often locates in metaphysis in the long bones of limbs and parts surrounding the knee joints. MRI scan CT scan

TREATMENT Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Surgery Bio-immunotherapy Chinese Medicine And with a positive and calm attitude Surgery Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Hyperthermia Immunotherapy steroids

2.) Brain Cancer

Your race Your age Exposure to radiation Chemical exposure on the job Gender Genetic link

3.) Cervical Cancer

Human Papillomavirus Smoking

Headache Weakness Clumsiness Difficulty walking Seizures Altered mental status Nausea, vomiting Abnormalities in vision Difficulty with speech Gradual changes in intellectual or emotional capacity Abnormal vaginal bleeding sometimes none until advanced stages

Precarious lesions cancer subtypes Biopsy and PAP smear

Surgery Chemotherapy Radioscopy Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation Palliative care

4.) Colon Cancer

Older age Male High intake of fat Alcohol or red meat Obesity Smoking Lack of exercise *Approximately 10% of cases are linked to insufficient activity

Diarrhea or constipation Changes in stool consistency Narrow stools Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool Pain, cramps, or gas in the abdomen Pain during bowel movements Continual urges to defecate Weakness or fatigue Unexplained weight loss Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Anemia

Blood tests COLONOSCOPY -Using a scope to examine the inside of your colon. BARIUM ENEMA -Using dye and X-rays to make a picture of your colon. Virtual Colonoscopy -Using multiple CT images to create a picture of your colon

5.) Leukemia -making too many abnormal white blood cells.

Very high levels of radiation Working with certain chemicals- benzene & formaldehyde (widely used in chemical industry) Chemotherapy Down syndrome and certain other genetic diseases Human T-cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) Myelodysplastic syndrome Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Excessive alcohol intake Geography: E.Asia or Subsaharan Africa Ethnicity: more Asian than African, Whites Sex: more w/ Male Age: 75y.o and older Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Tobacco Exposure to aflotoxins Smoking Radon Gas Asbestos Air Pollution Genetics

6.) Liver Cancer

Excessive bleeding Minor injuries can result in hard-to-stop bleeding and large bruises. Tiny red spots may appear just under the skin. Lymph glands and the spleen may become enlarged, causing pain in the left side of the abdomen. If abnormal cells accumulate in the brain and spinal cord (as in AML), the symptoms include vomiting and headaches. Lumps (chloromas) and skin rashes. Fatigue and shortness of breath Pain in the upper abdomen on the right side A lump or a feeling of heaviness in the upper abdomen Swollen abdomen (bloating) Loss of appetite and feelings of fullness Weight loss Weakness or feeling very tired Nausea and vomiting Yellow skin and eyes, pale stools, and dark urine from jaundice Fever

Physical Exam Blood test Biopsy CT Scan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan Lumbar Puncture/Spinal Tap Ultrasound

Chemotherapy Biological therapy Targeted therapy Radiation therapy Stem cell transplant

Blood tests One or more imaging studies biopsy

Liver transplantation Surgical resection Liver-directed, intrahepatic or regional therapy External beam radiation therapy Chemotherapy Clinical trials

7.) Lung Cancer

8.) Ovarian Cancer

Inherited gene mutations Family history of ovarian cancer A previous cancer diagnosis Increasing age Never having been pregnant

respiratory symptoms: Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath systemic symptoms: weight loss, fever, clubbing of finger nails, fatigue symptom due to local compress: chest pain, bone pain, superior vena cava obstruction, difficulty swallowing Frequent bloating. Pain in your belly or pelvis. Trouble eating, or feeling full quickly. Urinary problems, such as an urgent need to urinate or urinating more often than usual

Chest x-ray CT scan MRI PET scan Sputum cytology Bronchoscopy

Thoracotomy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy

Physical examination Blood tests Ultrasound scan Transvaginal ultrasound CT scan MRI scan Colonoscopy

Surgery Hormone Therapy Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Palliative treatment

9.) Prostate Cancer

Age 50 or over Obesity Smoking Inflammation of prostate Sexually transmitted infections Vasectomy (minor surgery to make men infertile)

10.) Skin Cancer

11.) Testicul ar Cancer

12.) Throat Cancer

Severe, blistering sunburns Lifetime sun exposure Tanning Family history Skin that burns easily Certain medical conditions or medicines Dysplastic nevus More than 50 common moles Old scars, burns, ulcers, or areas of inflammation Exposure to arsenic Radiation therapy Actinic keratosis HPV Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle) Congenital abnormalities Inguinal hernia Having had testicular cancer Family history Abnormal testicular development Mumps orchitis Race The exact cause is unknown Tobacco use (80 % cases) Regular and heavy consumption of alcohol.

problems during sexual intercourse erectile dysfunction Trouble urinating Decreased force in the stream of urine Blood in the urine Blood in the semen Swelling in the legs Discomfort in the pelvic area Bone pain Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the shape, color, size, or feel of an existing mole. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. - asymmetry - border that is irregular - color that is uneven - diameter - evolving A change on the skin is the most common sign of skin cancer. This may be a new growth, a sore that doesn't heal, or a change in an old growth

PET scans Prognosis physical examination, prostate specific antigen (PSA), or biopsy

surgery, various forms of radiation therapy, or, less commonly, cryosurgery;hor monal therapy and chemotherapy are generally reserved for cases of advanced disease

shave biopsy -the doctor uses a thin, sharp blade to shave off the abnormal growth punch biopsy -the doctor uses a sharp, hollow tool to remove a circle of tissue from the abnormal area incisional biopsy -the doctor uses a scalpel to remove part of the growth excisional biopsy -the doctor uses a scalpel to remove the entire growth and some tissue around it. This type of biopsy is most commonly used for growths that appear to be melanoma. Blood tests Ultrasound Biopsy

Surgery -excisional skin surgery -Mohs surgery -electrodesiccation and curettage -cyrosurgery Chemotherapy Photodynamic Therapy Biological Therapy Radiation Therapy

A lump or swelling in a testicle (painless) Pain in a testicle or scrotum Discomfort in a testicle or scrotum sensation of heaviness in the scrotum dull ache in the lower back dull ache in the groin dull ache in the abdomen sudden accumulation of fluid in the scrotum Unexplained tiredness or malaise swelling or lump in the throat A persistent cough Blood-flecked phlegm The sensation of something permanently stuck

Surgery Orchidectomy Lymph node surgery Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) Chemotherapy

Medical history Laryngoscopy Video-stroboscopy Biopsy

Surgery (laryngectomy ) (glossectomy ) Radiation therapy Chemotherapy

Chronic goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland). Radiation exposure. Family history of cancer

in the throat Voice changes, such as persistent hoarseness or huskiness Throat pain Swallowing difficulties Breathing difficulties Swollen lymph glands Vaginal bleeding after menopause Bleeding between periods An abnormal, watery or blood-tinged discharge from your vagina Pelvic pain Pain during intercourse

X-rays - Ultrasound - CT scan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan PET (Position Emission Tomography) scan Blood tests Thyroid scan

13.) Uterine Cancer

Changes in the balance of female hormone. More years of menstruation. Never having been pregnant. Older age.

Pelvic exam Ultrasound Hysteroscopy Tissue sample Dilation and curettage chest X-ray CT scan PET scan blood tests.

Radiotherapy Long term monitoring Rehabilitation therapy this may include assistance from a dietitian, speech therapist and physiotherapist. Surgery Radiation Hormone therapy Chemotherapy