MiDAS Conference 2011 Report

MiDAS CONFERENCE 2011 REPORT
13 September 2011 Putrajaya, Malaysia
REINFORCING NATIONAL DEFENCE & SECURITY: A REVISIT
Theme:
Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security
MiDAS CONFERENCE 2011 REPORT

Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security Ground Floor Block A, MINDEF 2, ZETRO Building Jalan 9/27 C, Section 5, Wangsa Maju 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia http://midas.mod.gov.my
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The Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security (MiDAS) was established in April 2010 under the purview of the Ministry of Defence, Malaysia. It is poised to become a centre of excellence for the Ministry of Defence and Government of Malaysia in the defence and security field through comprehensive research and sharing of knowledge. In generating new ideas it shall include various activities such as forums, debates, seminars and publishing of journal on defence and security. MiDAS is premised at the Ministry of Defence in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 Plenary session 1 Accelerating Maritime Security and Defence Development Through Blue Ocean Strategy ............................. 18 Chapter 2 Opening Address Reinforcing National Defence & Security: A Revisit .................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 The Launching of MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC) ............................................................................................... 40 Chapter 4 Keynote Address The Future of National Defence and Security: Blue Ocean Strategy ............................................................................ 44 Chapter 5 Plenary Session 2 Reinforcing National Defence and Security: A Revisit Through Blue Ocean Strategy .......................................................... 50 Chapter 6 Plenary Session 3 Harnessing Natural Resources for Emergency Responses ................................................................................................ 70 Chapter 7 Closing Address MiDAS Conference 2011 ..................................................................... 86 Chapter 8 Photo Gallery .................................................................................................. 92
This report summarizes the proceeding of the conference as interpreted by the assigned rapporteurs and editor appointed by the Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security (MiDAS). Participants neither reviewed nor approved this report. This conference adheres to a variation of the Chatham House Rule. Accordingly, beyond the paper presenters cited, no other attributions have been included in this conference report.
Foreword
Foreword
The Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security (MiDAS) is pleased to present the summary of proceedings for the inaugural MiDAS Conference 2011. The Conference, held at the Marriott Hotel and Spa, Putrajaya, Malaysia on 13 September 2011, had gathered over 300 participants, which included the military, security and enforcement agency officials, policy makers, local renowned scholars, researchers and major defence industry players, to address and discuss defence and security issues that concerns Malaysia. Among high profile participants were Deputy Minister of Home Affairs, Deputy Minister of Rural and Regional Development, Deputy Minister of Defence, Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia, Director General of Public Service Department, Secretary General of Rural and Regional Development Ministry, Deputy Secretary-General of Home Affairs Ministry, Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Inspector General of Police, Malaysian Armed Forces Chiefs of Service, Director-Generals of security agencies in Malaysia and former Malaysian Armed Forces Chief and Chiefs of Service. They shared their perspectives on issues discussed and recommended a wide range of practical solutions. The Conference is very significant to Malaysia, reflecting her strong commitment to national defence and security through synergised corporation and collaboration among national defence, security and enforcement agencies with the spirit of 1Malaysia, for the benefit of its citizen. In this regard, the conference reflected Malaysias strong commitment to provide an avenue for constructive engagements among the agencies concerned and enhanced inter-agencies relationship. In essence, the MiDAS Conference 2011 acted as a platform in taking security cooperation among defence, security and enforcement agencies to the next level and provided an informal and unofficial channel for the exchange of opinions and perspectives which helps improve interagencies cooperation. With the theme, Reinforcing National Defence and Security: A Revisit seen as most timely and relevant, it is evident that Malaysia is
Foreword
(l-r): The Hon Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop Deputy Minister of Home Affairs, The Hon Datuk Dr. Hj Abdul Latif Ahmad Deputy Defence Minister, The Hon Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi Defence Minister, Dato Sri Dr. Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad Sec Gen Ministry of Defence, Gen Tan Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin Chief of Defence Force
transforming with the inception of the National Blue Ocean Strategy Initiatives. The MiDAS Conference 2011 has helped the defence, security and enforcement agencies to refine our stance towards addressing the national defence and security challenges and led to better understanding on how every national agencies concerned should work together and break out of their silos, to achieve the aim of ensuring peace and stability to the nation.
Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi Chairman
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
The MiDAS Conference 2011 held at the Mariott Hotel and Spa, Putrajaya, Malaysia on 13 September 2011, drew useful lessons on national defence and security issues, through the sharing of knowledge perspectives and discussions among its participants. The theme Reinforcing National Defence and Security: A Revisit was extremely relevant and timely as Malaysia is on a transformation plan, utilizing the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) as one of the means to enhance security for the benefit of its citizen. The Conference, aimed at harnessing and bringing added values to the existing collaboration among all agencies related on defence and security issues in Malaysia, was the first conference organised by the Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security (MiDAS) at the national level, to discuss on defence and security issues. The conference started with the first plenary session that discussed the topic Accelerating National Security and Development through Blue Ocean Strategy moderated by the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Defence, Dato Sri Dr Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad and speakers which included Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli Hj Zainal Abidin (Chief of the Army), Admiral (Maritime) Datuk Mohd Amdan Kurish (Director General of Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA)) and Dato Ibrahim Muhammad (Secretary-General of the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (KKLW)) who discussed the topic from their organizations perspectives. The first speaker, Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli, considered the forum as an opportunity to share experiences and ideas on matters concerning
Maj Gen Dato Dr. William Stevenson Executive Director
Executive Summary
security and development of Malaysia at the time when the world is facing numerous challenges. He stated that security and development is mutually dependant as in hand-in-glove because there can never be security without development and vice versa. He emphasised that through the implementation of KESBAN (Keselamatan dan Pembangunan) and the legacy of the Briggs Plan, the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) had pioneered the BOS. He stated that from a militarys perspective, the BOS is pre-eminent in its own ways and is quite similar to KESBAN since both concepts were aimed towards accelerating the overall output of the nation through innovative ideas, norms, and practices. He added that while focusing on the MAFs primary role in protecting the countrys sovereignty, it has always played an active role in national development. This secondary role often went unnoticed and only rose to prominence throughout the participation in the National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS) programme launched last year. He said, the MAFs involvement and success of the current NBOS was due to the close collaboration, breaking of silos, more interpersonal discussions, willingness to extend a helping hand or complimenting each other, as well as other ground breaking initiatives at the national level. Meanwhile, Datuk Mohd Amdan in his presentation, examined what had been done in enhancing maritime security and defence issues as well as the plans on the foundation of BOS. Although there were few successful BOS related projects embarked to enhance the maritime security and defence, nevertheless, efforts in maritime security and defence were uncoordinated. He suggested a coordinated and holistic concept in guiding future plan, sources, allocation and integration that will mutually enhance Malaysias maritime security and defence, based on the BOS business model. The final speaker, Dato Ibrahim presented the views from the Ministry of Rural and Regional Developments (KKLW) perspectives in line with the NBOS. The National Key Result Area (NKRA) for rural basic infrastructure began as part of the Governments Transformation Programme (GTP) in providing the best public service facilities to Malaysians of all races, religions and backgrounds before the NBOS collaboration. He emphasised that the impact of NBOS to national security and development had
Executive Summary
elevated the level of confidence and support of the people to the government. With the transformation programme in place, Malaysians are able to enjoy the benefits of basic infrastructure, access to education and health services, thus improving their social well being and reducing social illnesses, especially those in the rural areas. It had raised the standards of living of rural people through job creations and business opportunities, improving their income level and quality of life. The Prime Minister, the Honourable Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak officiated the conference and pointed that the MiDAS Conference 2011 was a great opportunity for experts in the field of defence, security and enforcement in coming together to share ideas and exchange perspectives on pressing issues of the nation. He added that globalisation had given Malaysia a new set of rather complex security challenges, which are distinct and different from those that we faced in the previous eras. Today, war between nations are no longer seen as the greatest threat to any region. Instead, countries faced a number of asymmetric nontraditional security challenges and issues like terrorism, human trafficking, drug smuggling, nuclear proliferation and cyber security threats that cannot be resolved by the structures of the past. He mentioned that he is pleased to see this conference uniting and bringing together officials, policy makers, industry players, academicians and researchers to discuss
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak
Executive Summary
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak launched MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC)
issues on common challenges faced by the nation as a foundation for future collaboration. He emphasized on the Governments Transformation Programme (GTP) and the New Economic Model (NEM) to propel Malaysia towards achieving a developed nation status by 2020. In addition, the implementation of the BOS concepts will help improve the standards of living, particularly for Malaysias rural population. In cutting down crime rates in our urban areas, he is delighted to see the security and enforcement agencies, the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF), the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) and the Prisons Department, working together to deliver this ambitious national agenda. He saw the tremendous benefit that the nation can derive from the cooperation between the agencies. Ending his speech, the Prime Minister thanked Professor Dr. W. Chan Kim, Chair Professor of INSEAD for his contribution towards the NBOS projects and Tan Sri Sidek Hassan, Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia, for giving his utmost support for the execution of the NBOS initiatives, before launching the MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC). The conference continued with the Keynote Address by Professor Dr. W. Chan Kim, Chair Professor of INSEAD, INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute (IBOSI) and was moderated by Tan Sri Sidek Hassan, Chief Secretary to the
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Executive Summary
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak, the Hon Dato Seri Dr. Zahid Hamidi with honourable invitees of MiDAS Conferene 2011
Government of Malaysia. In his address, Professor Kim enlightened the participants with BOS fundamentals and the transformation required by nations in order to be a developed nation utilising its concepts. In the second plenary session, Gen Tan Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin (Chief of Defence Force), Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar (Inspector General of Police) and Datuk Mohamed Thajudeen Abdul Wahab (Secretary of the National Security Council (MKN)) discussed the topic Implementation of HANRUH (Total Defence): Way Forward and was moderated by Tan Sri Abu Bakar Hj Abdullah (Director General of the Public Service Department (JPA)). The first speaker, Gen Tan Sri Zulkifeli mentioned that the shift occurring in global geostrategic environment, especially after the end of the Cold War and post 9/11 tragedy, have brought about the advent of traditional and non-traditional threats. The affliction of both form of threats have blurred the concept of national security, where the lines separating defence and internal security have become increasingly ambiguous. This state of affair has removed any exclusivity within the domain of defence and internal security, where a more comprehensive response or whole of government approach would be deemed necessary to address this environment. The prevailing circumstances resulted in the formalisation of the Total Defence Concept or Pertahanan Menyeluruh
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Executive Summary
(HANRUH) and elaborated that the MAF had formulated its strategies in realising the HANRUH concept. Among others, the strategy called for the following actions: First, to develop the MAF to be a balanced and credible force; second, to instil confidence in the public to support the MAF and third, to implement all action plans systematically and proactively in conjunction with policies and to analyse public opinion on national defence. He added that the MAF, in undertaking its responsibilities, was able to achieve significant results in implementing HANRUH, as stipulated in its strategies by consolidating the effects of various platforms, namely the Malaysian Armed Forces Strategic Development Plan (4D MAF), the Hearts And Minds Program and the NBOS. The second speaker, Tan Sri Hj Ismail mentioned that being a small country, with a small population base, limited natural resources and a multi-racial, multi religious society, Malaysia has made herself vulnerable, not only to threats such as a military attack but also to exploitation of our economic, social, political and physiological weaknesses by those who may wish to do us harm. To ensure that these threats be confronted adequately, the government had introduced the concept of Total Defence which involved not only the MAF, Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) and other enforcement agencies, but to include the participation of the entire nation. The concept provided a framework for comprehensive and integrated response in dealing with all kinds of threats and challenges, be it a security threat or national crisis. Total Defence will bring together all relevant government agencies, private sectors, organizations and Malaysians in a coordinated effort to deal effectively with these threats and challenges. He also touched on the national resilience, which is a set of rules out of self resilient, togetherness and familiar spirit. It consisted the skills and strengths of a nation in facing challenges and threats. The success of Malaysia in implementing Total Defence only depends on economy, science, information, and communication technology development but on how we build a society that is morally, spiritually and mentally strong and healthy. Despite many accomplishments, the social progress of our society was still lagging. He emphasized that all Malaysians must take responsibility for the failing
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Executive Summary
values and declining social standards prevalent today. The last speaker, Dato Mohamad Tajuddin began his presentation by elaborating the meaning of national security. National security, according to him, is a prerequisite to political stability, essential for providing a conducive environment for economic growth and prosperity. National security can be defined as a situation where the necessary measures are in place to preserve, maintain and ensure Malaysias existence is free from all internal and external threats. He elaborated that national security consisted three main elements: national integration, territorial integrity and national sovereignty. He emphasised that unity and racial harmony among the citizens are crucial and necessary to guarantee security stability in the country. According to him, territorial integrity is important where the physical security of the country at both the state and federal levels are safeguarded to ensure the nations border are secured at all times. Finally, on national sovereignty, he explained that it is the ability to defend Malaysias national interests and to gain respect and recognition as a responsible member of the international community. In the third plenary session Dato Abdul Rahim Mohd Radzi, (Deputy Secretary General (Security), Ministry of Home Affairs) moderated the session. Three speakers discussed the topic on Harnessing National Resources for Emergency Responses. The first speaker, Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Rozali Daud (Chief of Air Force) provided a background on disasters and emergencies scenarios around the world. According to him, natural disasters such as floods, environmental accidents and services disruptions can happen to our community at any time. He also emphasised that Malaysia is not spared from such scenarios. He added that we should strive to enhance our existing crisis management, as well as our emergency response mechanisms. He added that in order to ensure a comprehensive approach in emergency management, there must be an effective arrangement and close coordination of government activities which require the involvement and cooperation of all parties, including the NGOs, private sectors and individual volunteers. At the national level, an effective framework for emergency management requires a high level of collaboration and coordination that crosses all levels of government and
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Executive Summary
non-government stakeholders. These arrangements are to ensure that key policy decisions or priorities in preparedness for and response to any crisis or major emergencies are established at the highest level of the government. Second, professional and technical advisors are taken into account in drafting key policy decisions and later conveyed on a timely basis to all concern parties. Third, effective coordination between and within agencies should be achieved. He concluded that harnessing national resources during an emergency response is important to protect our national interests. Naturally viable measures and excellent coordination must first be in place. The second speaker Adm Tan Sri Dato Sri Hj Abdul Aziz Jaafar (Chief of the Navy) stated that the topic discussed would be able to propose measures to enhance our present system and mechanisms in responding to a broad spectrum of emergencies. Disaster, as defined in the MKN Directive No. 20, is an incident that occurs in a sudden manner and complex in nature which resulted in the loss of lives, damage to properties or the environment, as well as affecting daily activities of the local community. The directive also defined non-disastrous incidents under its purview. Non-disastrous incidents are incidents that involves a small number of victims and the effect are only to the victims involved and have no possibility of spreading. Non-disastrous incidents may include vehicle accidents, small fires, outbreaks or accidents in lakes or rivers. Incidents that are of higher magnitudes than non-disastrous incidents are considered as a disaster. However, emergency response should not be segregated between non-disastrous or disastrous. He went on to discuss the emergency response from the Navys perspectives which included the attributes such as readiness, mobility and reach, versatility, poised and persistence, lift capability and leverage. He also discussed the challenges faced by the Navy in confronting emergency responses. He concluded that the present mechanisms and arrangements of harnessing national resources towards emergency responses were enough to handle the magnitude of disasters normally faced in Malaysia. The third speaker Dato Hj Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid (Director-General, Jabatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia (JPAM)), discussed the topic by giving a brief background on the establishment of the Civil Defence Department of Malaysia (JPAM). He elaborated on JPAMs roles and functions, which
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Executive Summary
are to formulate appropriate policies on civil defence purposes, managing and maintaining the civil defence force through support services and adequate logistics, training and educating the public about the civil defence knowledge, organising the types of training for civil defence force, providing emergency services throughout the country and performing rescue operations and supervising disaster victims across the country. He added that JPAMs roles and functions in supporting the emergency responses within the BOS projects had included additional 65 new district offices for civil defence. It had placed the minimum number of permanent officers at the head office and relocated them at all districts. From there, JPAM recruited volunteers to help in office operations. With this move, JPAM can recruit more volunteers at the district level so they can provide assistance during any emergencies. The current presence of the civil defence today can be felt all over the country because of the readiness of its personnel in being at the scene as early as possible. This is part of the preparedness in HANRUH concept. JPAM also recommended the actions for effective emergency responses, which are the precise advanced planning with database and comprehensive research undertaken with the ability to mobilise sufficient resources quickly, supported by good logistics management, good local coordination at site via Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) and guidelines. He futher explained that JPAM is determined in exploring new
Participants of the MiDAS conference 2011
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Executive Summary
dimensions of bilateral, multilateral, local and international operations in upgrading and developing new resources for capacity development. He concluded that JPAM, in support of BOS projects and part of the emergency responses, are actively stationing more than 1,200 volunteer members in 50 hotspots as Police Volunteer Reserves (PVR), to fight street crimes through the NKRA initiative. He believed that the HANRUH implementation must be in place to ensure every public and private sectors, NGOs and individual are involved and trained, to contribute in defending the sovereignty of this country. The implementation will be a step towards creating Malaysia with a spirit of patriotism and nationalism, self belonging and unity, bonded by a multi racial population. At the end of the Conference, the Minister of Defence, Dato Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, expressed his satisfaction on the active participation at this inaugural National Defence and Security Conference. He also expressed his gratitude and congratulated MiDAS and the organising committee for the successful organising the Conference. He added that as a follow up to this conference, the Ministry of Defence (MinDef ) needs to establish labs, to discuss in detail security issues pertaining cyber, maritime, border, aerospace, food and emergency response. He emphasised that the discussions concluded at the security lab sessions, will be submitted to MKN and be proposed to the government as part of the security policy enhancement. In conclusion, he hoped that the participants had benefited from the information and lessons learned by various agencies regarding issues on HANRUH and emergency responses. In essence, he called for the conference to act as a platform in promoting cooperation among government agencies and hoped that such conferences in the future will provide avenues for informal and unofficial channel in exchanging opinions and perspectives, and refined everyones thinking, thus making our nation a more stable and progressive nation.
Maj Gen Dato Dr. William Stevenson Executive Director
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Executive Summary
Participants of the MiDAS conference 2011
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Chapter 1
Plenary Session 1 Accelerating Maritime Security and Defence Development Through Blue Ocean Strategy
MODERATOR
Dato Sri Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad Secretary General Ministry of Defence, Malaysia
SPEAKERS
Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli Hj Zainal Abidin Chief of Army Malaysian Armed Forces Admiral (Maritime) Datuk Mohd Amdan Kurish Director General Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA) Dato Ibrahim Muhammad Secretary General Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (KKLW)
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MiDAS Conference Report 2011
Plenary Session 1
Accelerating Maritime Security and Defence Development Through Blue Ocean Strategy
Plenary session 1, moderated by Dato Sri Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad, Secretary General, Ministry of Defence, Malaysia
The session started off with the introduction of speakers and began with the outlining of the objectives of the National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS) which are reducing crime, rehabilitating prison inmates in army camps, providing household assistance, ensuring rural water supply and optimizing vacant Armed Forces land for agriculture. The moderator stressed that the report had shown a sturdy start of the Malaysian NBOS where crime rates were reduced to the highest percentage since Malaysias Independence more than 50 years ago. He also mentioned that the fight against corruption, raising standard of living for low income
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Chapter 1
household, improving rural infrastructure and urban public transport are among the agendas of the NBOS Programme. The Governments Transformation Programme (GTP), which is driven by the National Key Result Areas (NKRA) in addressing the immediate concern of the people, has proven a fast and effective outcome, winning over colleagues from a panel of international experts. The Prime Minister himself had embraced the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) as a tool to transform Malaysia into a new product. In essence, national security and development can be accelerated through the BOS. and ended his address by inviting the speakers to began discussion on the challenges in implementing the strategy. The first speaker, Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli Hj Zainal Abidin, considered the forum as an opportunity to share experiences and ideas on matters concerning security and the development of our country at a time when the world is facing numerous challenges. He stated that security and development is mutually dependant as in hand-in-glove because there can neither be security without development and vice versa. This concept was pioneered by the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) and its sister security agencies during our fight against the communist terrorists by establishing security web that thwarted subversions, lawlessness and terrorism throughout the country. The government was able to bring development to remote areas through the implementation of KESBAN (Keselamatan dan Pembangunan). As a result, the country remained as one of the few in the world to successfully defeated the communist insurgency. He added that the MAF pioneered the BOS through the legacy of the Briggs Plan and the implementation concept of KESBAN. From the military perspective, the BOS is pre-eminent in its own ways and is quite similar to KESBAN, since both concepts were aimed towards accelerating the overall output of the nation through innovative ideas, norms and practices. While focusing on the MAFs primary role in protecting the countrys sovereignty, it has always played an active role in the national development. This secondary role often went unnoticed and only rose to prominence through the participation in the NBOS programme launched last year. Gen Datuk Zulkifli also elaborated on the challenges of the modern era which had significant effect on both security and the development
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of a nation in todays world. The various forms of security threats and challenges confronting the individual nation are said to transcend from a wide spectrum of sources, ranging from non-traditional or transnational issues, to the important elements of statehood, which focused on the dynamics of social, political, and economic norms and practices. He said that the MAFs involvements and successes at current NBOS were mainly due to the close collaboration, breaking of silos, more inter personal discussion and the willingness to extend a helping hand or complementing each other, as well as other ground breaking initiatives at the national level. He stressed that Ministries, organisations and establishments today have realized that championing in isolation is selfpraise and becoming non-beneficial in the long run. The sharing of expertise and resources, inter-agency diffusions and cross-fertilizations are said to be the Order of the Day and if one wants to progress and develop continuously, one has to embrace a sharing culture. The NBOS had opened up these communication channels and laid down the foundation of subsequent initiatives to take off and ensured relevant parties enjoy the benefits of their initiatives, as well as saving the government a substantial amount of money. The successes of the MAF and the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) were acknowledged with the presentation of the Prime Ministers Innovation Award in 2010. It was evident that the results of NBOS 1, 2 and 3 were encouraging and supportive of the countrys development efforts. There has been significant result based on the two NKRAs identified by the government, involving both the MAF and the RMP, namely NKRA 1 (Reduction in Crime Rates) and NKRA 5 (Rural Development). The NBOS programmes and projects were said to have significant influences over the learning curve of relevant organisations and agencies. The realisation of the fact that we were no longer working in silos, resulted in many valuable lessons and ideas from various initiatives, other than synergising and synchronising our strengths and capacities towards a common goal. We have individually changed ourselves where efforts, ideas, and resources are shared. Efforts have enabled cost-sharing, which led to the reduction in individual expenditures, bringing the emphasis on value for money and doing more for less. Other than that,
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Chapter 1
Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli Hj Zainal Abidin, Chief of Army
the relevant parties understood each others capacities and capabilities and had managed to eliminate redundancies or duplications. In the discussion, Gen Datuk Zulkifli highlighted that threats in newer forms are the trend of the future. No longer confined to the traditional battlefields, current and future threats can come from anywhere, anytime and in any forms. Therefore, the demands of safety protection and the well-being of the population will be increased and the responsibilities will become more expensive. This is where BOS comes into place as the exploitation of the success will enhance a secured environment and facilitate socio-economic development. The Border Management, Disaster Management, Procurement and Maintenance of Common Equipment, Total Defence and the Enhancement Capacity of Security Agencies can be equally and successfully managed through the implementation of NBOS. One of the initiatives undertaken to address the national security agenda was the formation of National Special Operations Force (NSOF) where it created a BOS in national security by cutting across relevant agencies in undertaking rapid real-time actions, as well as sharing of
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intelligence and resources that yielded higher inputs, generate rapid responses and lower budget requirements for the government. Another initiative was the collaboration between MiDAS and Akademi Latihan Keselamatan Bersatu, where research on international terrorism, smuggling, human trafficking, and cyber crimes were conducted. In addition, knowledge and information on related security matters, such as non-traditional, transnational security threats and challenges were also shared, with the findings to be circulated and shared among various security agencies. The challenges, as outlined by Gen Datuk Zulkifli, were to deal with the sceptics who refused to admit the militarys significant roles in the BOS. Turf Wars will rise among the various organisations and agencies which must be addressed in utmost caution and sensitivity, to avoid disputes and consequences. Lastly, legal powers accorded to parties carrying out their responsibilities, to ensure peace and security should be addressed accordingly. He concluded his discussion by stating that BOS had opened up numerous options for the MAF and the Army to further enhance its capabilities. The avenues for the Army to collaborate and synergise its capacities and capabilities with the relevant government agencies, in order to enhance national security, had paved a way for continued development and strive for higher income earner status. He ended by stating that BOS was indeed a multiplier in every sense and strategy, providing countless opportunities to join forces in a Whole Nation context for continuous sustainment of peace, security, harmony, and prosperity. The next speaker, Admiral (Maritime) Datuk Mohd Amdan Kurish started his discussion by stating that vulnerabilities still exist in our maritime domain. Maritime security and defence is a daunting task where numerous strategies, plans and resources were allocated to enhance Malaysias maritime security and defence readiness. He claimed that the discussion on maritime security and defence capabilities, the requirement and resources allocation were yet to be recognised in the unique requirements of the maritime sphere of influences. The current maritime awareness did not provide a comprehensive awareness on the activities in the Malaysian Maritime Zone (MMZ) and its adjacent waters. He added that information sharing were based on a need-to-know basis,
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Admiral (Maritime) Datuk Mohd Amdan Kurish, Director General, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA)
rather than a need-to-share basis. A holistic and integrated approach was needed to provide maritime security and defence option. In his presentation, he examined on what was done in addressing the maritime security and defence issues, as well as the plans on the foundation of the BOS. Although there were few successful BOS utilised in enhancing maritime security and defence, his paper suggested that the efforts on maritime security and defence were not properly coordinated. He provided suggestions on a coordinated and holistic conceptual guide for future plans, sources, allocations and integration that will mutually enhance the maritime security and defence, based on the BOS business model. As the Coast Guard of Malaysia, MMEA is the sole maritime law enforcement agency, tasked with maintaining law and order in the MMZ and the high seas, in the time of conflict, war, crisis or emergencies. Placed under the command and control of the MAF, as provisioned under the MMEA Act 2004, it must be able to respond decisively to the changing security environments and evolving security threats. The agency recognises the constraints and limitations of its maritime security capabilities. For now, the MMEA had established its presence in all 5 maritime regions, 17 maritime districts and 9 maritime bases,
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where its capacities and capabilities were continuously being developed. Currently, MMEA operates 20 ships, 38 boats, 53 RHIBs and 8 aircrafts. These assets were assigned and prepositioned to the respective maritime regions. MMEA operated assets inherited from various maritime agencies that partially fulfilled the MMEA demands to effectively and efficiently carry out its maritime security roles and tasks. Most of the ships and boats inherited from various maritime agencies have been in service for more than 20 years. MMEA has a critical role of exploiting maritime dimension in maintaining Malaysias strategic and operational areas in peace, crisis, and war. Therefore, MMEA aimed at achieving greater Maritime Domain Awareness at all levels, looks forward to synergise its advancement in ICT and other technologies, as well as acquiring C4ISR systems which would enable the deployment of MMEA assets and coastal command centres to exchange information rapidly and accurately. MMEA would also expand its human capital based on the awareness that knowledge is the agencys principal competitive advantage. Above all, MMEA will continue to enhance inter agency cooperation and collaboration. He also highlighted that the current BOS will accelerate maritime security and development. First, inter-agency cooperation or sole maritime law enforcement agency. The decision made by the government to establish MMEA as the maritime law enforcement agency of Malaysia by end of 2011 was an excellent strategy, designed to realign operational processes and reduce cost while rising efficiency, and eliminating competing presence in the same maritime domain by various law enforcement agencies. The transfer of vessels by the RMP and the Royal Customs will equip MMEA with additional assets and enhance operational gaps in the MMZ. In terms of infrastructure, MMEA had taken over Kuala Kedah, Langkawi, Kemaman and Labuan operational bases from other maritime agencies and in 2012, MMEA will take custodian of the bases still under construction in Tanjung Pelepas, Batu Pahat and Muara Tebas. The details of costs saving are still being worked out as existing tenancy agreements were still in-force.
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Second, inter-agency cooperation in providing basic recruiting and training at the RMNs Recruit Training Centre in Tanjung Pengelih. The approach had saved the government millions of ringgit by maximising available resources of the RMN to train MMEA personnel required to fulfil its functions. Third, inter-agency cooperation to eliminate competing presence of various maritime agencies of the same jurisdiction, to eliminate redundancies in the MMZ. Inter-agency cooperation will be enhanced and complement MMEA through sharing and maximising RMNs facilities. This will create synergy between enforcement agencies and the RMN and will reduce cost and operational difficulties. He also touched on issues and challenges faced by MMEA in realising its aspirations. Among the issues and challenges were the lack of policy guidelines between MMEA, RMN and Port Authorities in port controls and the ambiguous roles of each entity in maritime defence. Resource compatibilities and redundancies between RMN and MMEA was also an issue. The issue of maritime law enforcement and functions in search and rescue and defence missions should be approached wisely and all agencies involved must be aware of their functions and tasks. The lack of maritime domain awareness was something that should be avoided and if left unchecked, it could cause a serious threat to our security and defence. All maritime agencies should improve their abilities to safeguard Malaysias security by providing relevant information in preparation for any consequences. He concluded by stating that understanding the concept of maritime security was vital to distinguish and separate the roles of RMN and MMEA, where both were equally relevant and operated within the same maritime domain but with different roles and missions. One way to realise the value of enhancing the domain awareness capability was through a maritime security and defence centre, to improve collaboration and information intelligence sharing. MMEA, being the sole maritime law enforcement agency, is resolved to represent this new BOS, to ensure that the nations maritime zones becomes a governed space and the stakeholders have a complete situational awareness. The third speaker, Dato Ibrahim Mohammad elaborated on Accelerating National Security and Development through National
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Security and Development in the NBOS from KKLWs perspectives. The initiatives started with the NKRA for the rural areas basic infrastructure programme as part of the GTP to provide the best public service facilities for Malaysians of all races, religions and backgrounds before the NBOS collaboration. He added that KKLW was entrusted with the rural areas basic infrastructure for the whole period of 2010 to 2011 under the NKRA. The plan included the construction or repair of the 2500km roads throughout Malaysia. He added that KKLW provided the people with the necessities to supply clean water, electricity, housing and accessible roads. As for 2011, they planned to construct or repair more roads and houses, as well as provide clean treated water and electricity supply to more people in the Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. The roads, electricity, water supply and housing projects have indeed improved the standards of living for the beneficiaries. Then, the NBOS 3 came into the picture, where KKLW worked together with the MAF and Ministry of Health (MOH), to provide the rural areas with the basic necessities needed. The BOS eliminated silo mentality and overlapping functions through collaboration between various ministries. It also strengthened the perception of the Rakyat to the government and the military, through the Caring Government campaign and the gotong-royong between the military personnel and the Rakyat. It also enhanced the knowledge and survival skills of the rural people. While working together, one has a clearer idea of ones responsibilities and therefore, better cooperation and results can be achieved. While working on the housing projects, KKLWs areas of responsibilities were to provide the list and locations of projects and also to fund it, before handing it over to the beneficiaries once completed. The MAF was responsible of the site inspection, procurement of building materials and transportation. The MAF also constructed the houses and provided monthly progress reports once the construction had started and before handing over to KKLW. With the similar responsibilities in water supply project implemented in Sarawak, the three Ministries worked hand in hand to realise the dreams of the Rakyat and the governments missions. He concluded his speech by highlighting the impacts of NBOS to national security and development, that included the elevated level of
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Dato Ibrahim Muhammad Secretary General Ministry of Rural & Regional Development
confidence and support of people to the government. Malaysians are able to enjoy the benefits of basic infrastructure, better access to education and health services and eventually improved life quality and reduced social illness, especially those in rural areas. It had raised the standards of living of the rural areas through job and business opportunities, thus improving their income level and quality of life. During the Q&A session, questions were raised on issues such as the efforts of working together between RMN and MMEA, such as the single maritime air surveillance platform for the RMN, MMEA and RMAF. A question regarding the procedures of the procurement for the Army, Navy and Air Force in order to avoid duplication were also raised. The questions were directed on the implementation of BOS and its effect in the MAF and the perception of Malaysians on MAF secondary role.
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Opening Address Reinforcing National Defence & Security : A Revisit
The Honourable Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak The Prime Minister of Malaysia
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Opening Address
Reinforcing National Defence & Security : A Revisit

The Honourable Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, delivered the Opening Address at the conference. Following is an extract of the speech:
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak
Welcome to the Inaugural Conference of the Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security. In my opinion, this forum is a wonderful opportunity for experts in the field of Defence, Security and Enforcement agencies to come together to share ideas and exchange perspectives on some of the most pressing issues of all kinds. It is notable that globalisation has given us a new set of rather complex security challenges. These challenges are quite distinct and different from those we have faced in the previous eras. Today, war between nations are no longer seen as the greatest threat scenario the region or even the world; instead
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we face a number of asymmetric of non-traditional security challenges and issues like terrorism, human trafficking, drug smuggling, nuclear proliferation and cyber security that cannot be resolved by the old security and structure of the past. That is why I am very pleased to see this conference, uniting and bringing together officials, policy makers, event industry players, academicians and researchers in the service of the common challenges we faced. I hope todays event will serve not only as a platform for discussion but also as a foundation for future collaborations. It is certainly an honour to be invited to address such a distinguished gathering and I would like to take this opportunity to outline my thoughts in this field. I make no apology for saying there are key security challenges in the 21st century and our number one priority must be to safeguard and defend Malaysias national interest. But by saying that we must defend Malaysias national interest, it must also be seen in the context of promoting regional peace and stability. The defence of our interest, our national interest is pivotal to our sovereignty, territorial integrity and economic well being, but Malaysias security is also very much influenced by the dynamic of the region which covers the geographical, political, military and economic realities and rather intricate relationship within our region and beyond. Geostrategically, Malaysia shares common land boundaries with Thailand, Brunei and Indonesia as well as maritime boundaries with Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Vietnam, China and Taiwan. And all the nations within the region, including Malaysia, will continue to face a number of significant challenges to their security. For example, if one or more governments in our region were to lose their ability to contain internal political conflict, to maintain public order and to provide for the immediate needs of the people, it will create a condition for potentially catastrophic civil unrest that will impeach on the interest of other countries in the region. Even countries that are quite remote geographically, like Australia, are facing the challenge of asylum seekers and that goes to show that any instability in our part of the region will certainly have a great impact to the other countries. In military terms, Malaysias primary strategic aim is to lift, operate and preserve our way of life. In order to do this, as an independent, sovereign nation within the complex world community,
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Malaysia need to be able to defend itself from interference and destruction. Through any means, including armour tanks, this is the basic role of our security and the most basic responsibility of the government. I believe that there is more that Malaysia can do to prevent such threats on our territory rather than simply building up our Armed Forces. We have a number of strategic investments within our Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) one and we also have a strategic investment and objectives at the global and regional levels. Since Malaysia is an upward working country, we are engaged in many ways, different ways, political, economic, social and cultural across the region and the world beyond. This way of interdependency has matured into an even more intricate and complex web as a result of globalisation. Economically, our offshore investment in the South China Sea, the 200 nautical miles of EEZ and the Continental Shelf surrounding it are rich in living and non-living resources that have contributed significantly to Malaysias economic development. The two areas of the EEZ that are of particular economic significance are the offshore hydrocarbon area, located just on the east coast of the Peninsular and the islands of Sabah and Sarawak. Any loss or disruption to these fields would greatly affect the economic well-being of our nation. The fact that the part of the portion of the EEZ is within the disputed area, further complicating the picture in terms of security. Even, the question of rather mundane matter, like discovering other substances in one of our main reservoir of Sabah, contributed towards a drop in our national production of oil recently, which impacted the growth figures of Malaysia in our first and second quarter of this year. So, what sort of analysis can we derive from the security challenges we face? Firstly, Malaysias geographical and physical characteristics imposes a number of strategic disadvantages, the fact that our nation is made up of two land masses, separated by more than 600 kilometres of water means we need to strengthen our capabilities including our maritime capabilities, simply to secure adequate communications. Common sea and land borders within our neighbours potentially place us in two territorial disputes, either bilaterally or multilaterally. The continuous presence and influence of extraregional powers such as the United States, Russia, Japan and China and their relationships with one another is an additional factor with potential security implications on Malaysia.
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Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak
Secondly, political turmoil in any nation in the region risk effect that will be felt by any neighbouring countries, for example, a massive flow of migrants searching for safety and protection can affect and have clear consequences on Malaysia. Even the internal conflict that happened in Sri Lanka over a number of years has led to security implications on Malaysia. Thirdly, Malaysias national security strategy emphasises not only on military build up, but the importance of striking a balance within a comprehensive military capability and strengthening of our social economic and political capacities. This strategy is intended to promote and contribute towards a stable regional security environment. Finally, the role of major powers, in particular, in triangular relations between the US, China and Japan remained an important element in shaping our regional security environment. I strongly believe that one of the key challenges for Malaysia going forward would be to continue to adapt to changes in our regional security environment and to adopt a new security strategies to protect our national interest towards promoting regional peace and security.
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The number one security challenge faced by Malaysia today is that of safe guarding and defending our countrys national interest. I would like to stress, however, that Malaysias concept of national security is inseparable from political stability and social harmony of our people. The defence of this interest and their application of the concept of security, are crucial to our nation sovereignty, territorial integrity and economic wellbeing. As such, it is reasonable to conclude that Malaysia faces a number of important challenges that go beyond the traditional definition of security. Issues like terrorism, illegal immigration, human trafficking, piracy and cyber security are currently the subject of much discussion in our region, moving the debate beyond the realm of interstate conflict and geopolitical concerns and incorporating post-state and non-state actors. Although the end of the Cold War had brought stability to the world and to our region, some unresolved issues remained, including the issues that demand colossal regional cooperation and have the potential to cause instability in the event that they are mismanaged. Our regional economic prosperity is very much dependent on the conducive and amicable political strategic situation. And with globalisation becoming a watch word for international integration and interdependence, any threat to regional stability whether direct or indirect, would have highly affect Malaysias wellbeing and prosperity. As you are, no doubt aware, the government has embarked on the Government Transformation Programme and New Economic Model to propel our country towards achieving the developed nation status by 2020. In addition, we have also embraced the implementation of the Blue Ocean Strategy concept that will help improve the standards of living, particularly for Malaysias rural population. In cutting down crime rates in our urban areas, I am delighted to see that our security and enforcement agencies, the Malaysian Armed Forces, the Royal Malaysian Police, and the Prison Department working together in an unprecedented manner to deliver this ambitious national agenda. I can see the tremendous benefit that the nation has gained from working together between the agencies and I would like to thank Professor Kim for his contribution towards this and also to the civil service led by Tan Sri Sidek, for giving the fullest support for the execution of the National Blue Ocean Strategy. As a small and still developing nation, Malaysia has followed a different security path, that a larger power with a stronger military capability,
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defining national security as the capacity of a society to protect individual group and a nation from physical and social economic dangers and a threat of such dangers. Apart from a core value of political, independence and territorial integrity, this definition is related to national interest, emphasising the physical survival of the population and importance of promoting and preserving the prosperity of Malaysia citizen. This conceptual approach has been further developed into a more comprehensive security doctrine. In essence, Malaysias national security reflects a combination of political stability, economic success and social harmony, in addition to our military capabilities. Malaysias military has long been a reliable and dependable institution and I believe that the Malaysian Armed Forces must continue to remain the backbone of our countrys security. If we are to defeat the threats to the national security, Malaysias political, social, economic and military forces must work together and best way to forge that common purpose is through national unity and harmony. With all our citizens rallying behind the clarion call of 1Malaysia, this must be the bedrock that provide stability and security for all. Since the Cold War, several countries have implemented the concept of Total Defence. I realised that countries do not just face threat on the conventional battlefield but that aggressors can also target a nations economic system, its ability to recover from disasters, both natural and manmade and even the very fabric of its society. To combat this threat, it requires a concerted effort from the public, government, and private sector. The concept of total defence has actually been implemented in Malaysia, albeit in a limited sense, not in a way that defence planner has hoped for. I am very gratified at what we have achieved when we faced several challenges recently. For example, when we had to evacuate our students from Egypt and during the incident with the Somali pirates, we implemented the concept of Total Defence. Thats a concept of total defence at work. There will be many other examples, for instance cyber security is one area that we must seriously move into in a very comprehensive manner because that would appear to be a major threat to our economic wellbeing. I would also like to congratulate the Armed Forces for interpreting Total Defence in the sense providing economic wellbeing for our populace particularly our rural population. When the civic action programme Jiwa Murni was expanded
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and with the help of the government, many infrastructure projects which would have cost 5 to 6 times more were implemented, simply because we implemented the concept of Jiwa Murni in the broader sense of the word. For example, the Bakalalan road is now completed at the cost of one fifth or one sixth of what the Public Works Department Malaysia said it will cost. The road is completed and now that particular hinterland in Sarawak is able to communicate with the outside world. I would like to commend the Armed Forces for this effort on their part and hope such concept can be broaden to include other activities as well that would benefit the people and the population at large. There are many things for us to discuss but I am quite positive about the future because I dont see us embroil into serious state versus state sort of situation that would lead into a kind of a high risk of conflicts in a traditional sense in our region. We cannot afford to have any tension in the region, particularly between Malaysia and Indonesia. I am confident that if we have this attitude of becoming the shining example for the world, we must lead the way. ASEAN must lead the way. If we depart from our narrow national interest and look at the bigger picture, there will be solution to the myriad of challenges that we face. And I think in tune with this concept of the Blue Ocean Strategy, I would encourage us to be very innovative and creative in finding solution to our security challenges. We cannot stay within our conventional mindset, but we have to explore new innovative ways, how to do things better with fewer resources. I believe there are many opportunities that lay ahead for all of us. If we pull our resources together, then we will be able to achieve a much more effective national unit with fewer resources and with fewer resources, we can use it in other areas, so that we can beef up our capacities and our capabilities. Likewise, when we created the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA), it was designed on the concepts that agencies must pull their resources together and we decided that by doing so then we will be putting our resources in areas that are more critical. For example, most critical as far as the performance of the police, in the eyes of the public, must be crime on land, which is the polices bread and butter and if they can reduce the crime rate, certainly their image will increase significantly by leaps and bounds. So, it is not about hanging on to what we have, its about doing things more effectively and being clear in our thinking. What we want to achieve as an organisation
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and as a nation, and how do we pull our resources together. I think that is the underpinning philosophy behind having this forum because I can see people from different backgrounds here as participants and it is because we need the full support across the length, breadth and depth of our civil service and our security agencies. We all need to pull our resources together, think differently and in a more innovative and creative manners, for us to achieve our long term goals and objectives. I believe that if we do so, we will unleash our capacity to provide a better world for our people in Malaysia, as well as for the region. I would like to congratulate you once again. I am sure there will be many ideas that will be brought up in this forum and those ideas should be looked at seriously and with this new spirit of being more inclusive about us breaking down the wall that separate us, we should now look at ways, and which we can bind together as one nation between the different agencies but with a common purpose and a common goal. On that note, it gives me great pleasure to officially open the MiDAS Conference, Reinforcing National Defence, and Security: A Revisit. Thank you.
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak, the Minister of Defence, Deputy Minister of Defence, Deputy Minister of Home Affairs with speakers and moderators of MiDAS Conference 2011
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The Launching of MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC)
The Honourable Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak The Prime Minister of Malaysia
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The Launching Of MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC)
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak launched MBOSC
The MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC) was officially launched by the Prime Minister the Honourable Dato Seri Mohd Najib Tun Hj Abdul Razak after the opening ceremony of the MiDAS Conference 2011. The MBOSC is reponsible to spearhead the implementation of Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) in the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) and MinDef, to carry out the following task: - Inculcate the concept of BOS into MinDef strategic thinking and defence/security strategy and policy research efforts; - Promote understanding and facilitate education effort on BOS throughout the MAF and MinDef;
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- Act as centre for coordination/interface and cooperation between civil agencies and MinDef/MAF in the practice of BOS; and - Act as centre for idea generation for practical implementation. Among the activities carried out by MiDAS/MBOSC in 2011 were: - Coordinate the implementation of projects under the National Blue Ocean Stategy Initiatives that involved the Ministry of Defence; - Organise the BOS awareness program to the staff of Ministry of Defence; and - Coordinate the implementation of BOS training with Human Resource Development Department for the Armed Forces.
Prime Minister, the Hon Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Hj. Abdul Razak signing the MBOSC plaque
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Keynote Address The Future of National Defence and Security: Blue Ocean Strategy
MODERATOR
Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia
SPEAKER
Prof. Dr. W. Chan Kim Chair Professor of INSEAD, the INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute (IBOSI)
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Keynote Address
The Future of National Defence and Security: Blue Ocean Strategy

Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan, Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia welcoming Prof. Dr. W. Chan Kim, Chair Professor of INSEAD, the INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute (IBOSI)
Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan, the Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia moderated the Key Note Address Session and introduced Prof. Dr. W. Chan Kim, Chair Professor of INSEAD, the INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute (IBOSI). He informed the audience that the address will focus on the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) and how its application could enhance the economy of the country, inter-agency collaboration and reduce bureaucracy and red tapes between agencies, as well as provide stability for national security, before handing over to Prof. Kim. On his request, Prof. Kim did not want his address to be recorded.
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Nevertheless, the issues covered in the address were focused on an overview of the BOS Concept and how it complements national defence and security for the future. The BOS can be described as a tool to generate innovative ideas that demonstrates the characteristics of high impact, prompt implementation and value for money. The adoption of the BOS concept will help the country to achive the set targets, as outlined in the National Key Result Areas (NKRA). BOS has eliminated the culture of working in silos between the Ministries and focuses on collaborating among Ministries and agencies at all levels of management. The present Government Transformation Plan (GTP), initiated by the Prime Minister had provided an opportunity for the Ministry of Defence (MinDef ) to further improve nation-building capacities, particularly in national security, through collaborative measures with other agencies under the purview of the National Blue Ocean Strategy (NBOS). Through NBOS, various agencies were brought together to generate ideas, formulate strategies and plans of action. From the militarys point of view, the opportunity, as stipulated in the NBOS initiatives, would afford to enhance and expand Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) capabilities, without losing sight of the MAFs primary responsibility. Under NBOS 2, the MAFs collaboration with the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) will assist in reducing crime rates through a number of joint measures. Similarly, cooperation with the Prisons Department had initiated the Community Rehabilitation Program (CRP). In NBOS 3, MinDef is working with the various government agencies to develop housing and water supply in the rural areas. The results of the implementation of the BOS in supporting the GTP were overwhelming. It enabled fulfiling the objectives of relevant NKRAs, allowing significant cost-saving to the government and gives impact to the nation.
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Plenary Session 2 Reinforcing National Defence and Security: A Revisit Through Blue Ocean Strategy
MODERATOR
Tan Sri Abu Bakar Hj Abdullah Director General Public Service Department
SPEAKERS
Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin Chief of Defence Force Malaysian Armed Forces Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar Inspector General of Police Royal Malaysian Police Dato Mohamad Tajuddin Abd Wahab Secretary
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Plenary Session 2
Reinforcing National Defence and Security: A Revisit Through Blue Ocean Strategy
Plenary session 2 moderated by Tan Sri Abu Bakar Hj. Abdullah, Director General Public Service Department
The second plenary session started off with the moderator introducing the speakers of the session. The first speaker, Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin stated that on the matters regarding the implementation of HANRUH, we should move forward. This is in conjunction with the main theme of the conference Reinforcing Malaysia Defence and Security: A Revisit. The shifts occurring in the global geostrategic environment especially after the end of the Cold War and post 9/11 tragedy had brought the advent of traditional and non-traditional threats. The affliction in both forms of threats had blurred the concept of national security, where the line separating defence and internal security had became increasingly ambiguous. This state of affair had removed any exclusivity within the domain of defence and internal security, where more comprehensive responses or the overall government approaches
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would be deemed necessary in addressing the issue. The prevailing circumstances resulted in the formalisation of the Total Defence Concept or Pertahanan Menyeluruh (HANRUH). He added that the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) had studied the feasibility of HANRUH since 1986 as part of the National Defence Policy but since then, much has passed under the global geostrategic bridge. Efforts to revive HANRUH in the 1990s were not forthcoming due to various constraints. The National Security Council (MKN) had resolved in 7 September 2006 to reintroduce HANRUH with a stronger determination to see its formalisation. After much deliberation, the concept was presented to MKN and endorsed on 12 July 2008. Much deliberations were conducted to ascertain the viability of HANRUH as part of the National Defence Policy since 1986. Similarly, the MAF had conducted a number of studies, in light to the changing global geostrategic landscape and its impact on national defence. With the revival of this concept in 2006, HANRUH was included into the National Defence Policy as one of the fundamental pillars of its strategies. The concept had cascaded from the national military strategy formalised in 2004, where the MAFs HANRUH Main Committee was established in 28 August 2007 while the subcommittees were formed in 24 August 2009. Since then, the main committee had formulated strategies and action plans to implement HANRUH, in line with the national strategy created by MKN. On 12 July 2008, MKN provided the definition of HANRUH which is a form of approach towards the defence of the nation that involved the sum total of measures undertaken by various government agencies including the MAF, the corporate sectors, non-governmental organizations and the citizens in defending the territory, sovereignty and interest of the nation. The same mechanisms had established 5 components of HANRUH, which are Psychological Defence, Societal Education and Goodwill, Civil Preparedness, Economic Defences and Security Preparedness. Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli mentioned that the MAF were given the responsibility to oversee the defence domain in the security preparedness componen, whereas the public security domain was under the purview of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP). According to him, in fulfilling the requirements of HANRUH, the MAF went further on to list the desired end-state and ways to achieve the mission. The first objective was to
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Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin, Chief of Defence Force
integrate the capabilities of the regular force, the armed forces reserved force, military veterans and related security agencies, to ensure the defence of the nation in peace and during the event of emergency. Second was to coordinate the regulatory and administrative arrangement to enable effective integration of capabilities. Third was to enhance the understanding of the regular force, the armed forces reserves force and military veteran in the concept of HANRUH and its implementation. The final objective was to ensure that the HANRUH Concept will act as a bridge in linking MAF with various agencies to provide essential services to the country and to enable the MAF to cooperate efficiently and effectively with other HANRUH components. On the strategy of the MAF, he elaborated that the MAF had formulated its strategies in realising the HANRUH concept, which among others, calling for the following actions: first, to develop the MAF as a balanced and credible force; second, to instil confidence of the public to support the MAF; third, to implement all action plans systematically and proactively in conjunction with sound policies; and finally, to establish an analysis of the public opinion on national defence.
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In implementing the strategies, he stressed that the MAF had developed its course of actions which would contribute towards achieving the desired end-state. The first course of action was to maintain the MAF in the state of high level of readiness. Second, was to instil the understanding and a deep sense of awareness related to security among the population, especially the youth. Third, was to develop the public support for the MAF and finally, to strengthen public-military cooperation or relationships. The MAF, in undertaking its responsibilities, was able to achieve significant result in implementing HANRUH as stipulated in its strategies, by consolidating the effects of various platforms namely the Malaysian Armed Forces Strategic Development Plan (4D MAF), the Hearts And Minds Programme and the NBOS. He mentioned that the MAF were able to engage a bigger segment of society, continuously breaking the silos separating various government agencies through pragmatic interagency cooperation, while enhancing our state of readiness. Thus, the achievements were as follows: - Maintaining a high a state of readiness: The modernisation of the MAF through the development of programmes in 4D MAF puts emphasis on effective command and control, communication, computer, intelligent, surveillance and reconnaissance system which harnesses the network-centric platform. Combined with better mobility and continuous monitoring of forces readiness, utilising the situational force scoring would afford the element within MAF to be in a state of high readiness for any eventualities. The transformation towards becoming a full spectrum force would allow effective responses throughout the spectrum of operations whether against traditional or non traditional threats; - Instill understanding and awareness of defence and security: The MAF has utilised a number of platforms to meet the needs in engaging the public pragmatically. One of the key platforms were the training programmes provided to quasi-military bodies such as the reserved forces, Malaysian Defence University, the National Service Programme, the PALAPES unit in the various universities and Malaysias Combined Cadet Unit or PKBM. Similarly, the MAF is reaching out to all levels of society through the recruitment, exhibitions and road shows, targeting youth
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from both rural and urban areas. In addition all approaches by media were utilised to disseminate information on defence and national security to the public. - Developing public support for the MAF: Routine hearts and minds operation, combined with activities under the NBOS programmes have provided the MAF opportunities to further develop public support to the organisation. Actions ranging from building roads in rural areas, providing houses for the poor, extending medical services to the public and supporting the RMP in crime prevention have endeared MAF among the general public. Our timely and comprehensive efforts in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations have brought the public closer to MAF. In addition, the conduct of media operations had enabled the organisation to dispel negative public perceptions of the military. By implementing our social obligation, the Rakyat today has confidence of the ownership of MAF. - Strengthening public-military relationship: The backbone to the public-military cooperation or relationship lies in the efficient and effective inter-agency cooperation. This was evident through the implementation of various MKN instructions requiring an overall government approach. Present, the MAF is well presented in security and development committee at all levels: Federal, State and District levels. Similarly, the MAF is present in a number of inter-agency forums where it has successfully broken the interagency silos with significant results. Such example would be the successful execution of Operation Pyramid where Malaysians were evacuated from Egypt with the asistance from a number of government agencies. Similarly, another example was the collaboration between Royal Malaysian Navy and MISC in Ops Fajar, where a GLC-owned ship was converted into an auxiliary naval vessel to protect Malaysian flag ships in the Gulf of Eden. Hence, the inception of the NBOS had provided yet another avenue to further enhance inter-agency cooperation. Through carefully planned strategies, the MAF was able to collaborate with more government agencies and touch base with a bigger segment of agencies in the society. In a nutshell, we were able to
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reach to a more diverse group of agencies through the various platforms developed. Despite the achievements, the implementation of HANRUH was not without challenges which required detailed analysis and sound resolutions. Among the challenges was the budget constraint and despite it, the MAF was able to run various HANRUH activities by optimising and maximising routine programmes, such as the Heart and Mind Operations and trainings at various levels. The activities were repackaged to include the implementation of HANRUH, apart from its traditional objectives. This had allowed the MAF to stretch the `Ringgit without incurring additional costs while achieving the desired end-result. The next challenge was on social structure where the MAF was able to cut across the religious and racial barriers by encouraging more non-Bumiputeras to be enlisted in the military. The MAF will continue its efforts, in addressing religious and racial prejudices within certain quarters of the society. Another challenge was on the publics perception that the defence of the nation was the exclusive responsibility of the MAF and this continues to exist within the society. Rectifying this would require a shift in the mindset of the public through progressive and pragmatic engagements by the MAF, other government agencies and the corporate sectors. Various programmes were planned to further engage the society and emphasise on the vital role in the defence of the nation. The final challenge was the mobilisation of man, machine and method, which according to him, these exercises related to human capital and resources such as energy resources and food should be conducted. This may be done through a simulation where processes and procedures are tested. Similarly, such endeavours would familiarise the affected group on the various Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) related to HANRUH and increases the shared awareness of the relevant parties. Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli, in elaborating The Way Forward mentioned that the Malaysian government has had successful track records in implementing the overall government approach. The monumental MKN instruction No. 11 (KESBAN), provided the blueprint in coordinating efforts by all relevant agencies to combat communist terrorists during the emergency.
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Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli Mohd Zin receiving a memento from Dato Sri Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad, Secretary General, the Ministry of Defence
The HANRUH concept should be seen as an extension of KESBAN but involving a wider spectrum rather than combating lawlessness and anarchy instigated by the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). To ensure that HANRUH was able to meet the demand of the global environment, comparisons on both KESBAN and HANRUH should be seriously considered. He added that it was important for those involved to continuously refer to the NDP in order to gauge the effectiveness of HANRUH, in addressing contemporary and changing defence scenarios. The study would benefit MKN and provide adjustments in the implementation of HANRUH holistically. It would also provide valuable information to the defence plan in formulating contingency plans by accommodating policies. The Malaysian government had implemented an overall government approach since Independence. After the end of the communist terrorists threat by 1989, the government continues to adopt this new approach by restructuring the security executive committees at all tiers of the government to address non-traditional threats and undertake nation building efforts collectively. Above all, various agencies have conducted autonomous public action programmes to draw the Rakyat closer to the government. In light to this, there should be a concerted effort to integrate these programmes under HANRUH, so that it could produce comprehensive impacts to the society.
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Since HANRUH involves a mixture of agencies including government and non-government organisations, it is pertinent that MKN allows shared awareness among all parties involved. This will ensure all agencies to be well aware of the measures taken to enhance the mechanisms and the possibilities of mobilising their assets. This would constitute the command and control element of HANRUH and needless to say, the fluidity of escalation during a crisis would demand a network centric architecture in providing such awareness. It would also enable faster and effective decision making by various agencies involved in the event of any emergency. He also believes that the government should utilise all media platforms to instil awareness in the defence and security of the nation. This should include the effective use of alternative media which can easily attract younger generations. Enhancing awareness on defence and security should not be delegated primarily to the Armed Forces alone or the RMP, instead, it should be formulated as an overall government approach. In conclusion, Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Zulkifeli stressed that the occurrence of traditional and non traditional threats have left a larger portion of the society vulnerable. In the same note, it has blurred the distinction between defence and internal security, where the emphasis of development is on the former but the latter seems to be preoccupied by the MAF. This complex state of affairs could be resolved with efficient and effective implementation of HANRUH as a national security programme which would have a greater impact to other components of the government and the society. In addition, the successful implementation of HANRUH would result in greater confidence of the `Rakyat towards the government and the MAF in particular. Needless to say, the concept which affects the society and the government as a whole would have its inheriting challenges. With the purpose of unity, effective management and sound leadership, HANRUH would the vital to drive the nation towards greater height and simultaneously creating Malaysians who are patriotic, dedicated and ever willing to sacrifice for the well being of this great nation. The second speaker, Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar stated that our beloved Malaysia was a small country with a small population base limited natural resources, multi-racial and multi-religious society. All these make Malaysia
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vulnerable, not only to threats but also the exploitation of our economic, social, political, physiological weaknesses by those who may wish to do us harm. To ensure that these threats can be dealt with adequately, the concept of Total Defence was introduced. It is the defence capability that involves not only the MAF, the RMP and other enforcement agencies but the participation of the entire nation. The concept of Total Defence provides a framework for a comprehensive integrated response to deal with all kinds of threats and challenges, be it a security threat or national crisis. Total Defence brings together all relevant government agencies, private sectors, organisations and Malaysians in a coordinated effort to deal effectively with these threats and challenges. He added that when Malaysians take personal responsibility for, and get involved in the defence of our country, they are actually playing their part to help and keep Malaysia safe and secured. Total Defence, was about the things that we can do every day, in every level of society to strengthen our resilience as a nation. When we take national service seriously, participating in emergency exercises, upgrading our skills, building stronger bonds with different races and religion, and fueling the pride of being a Malaysian, we are actually contributing to Total Defence. In Total Defence, our people are organised and defend the country against all types of attacks, both military and non-military. Total Defence comprises psychological defence, social, economic, civil and military defence. Introduced in 1986, the concept of Total Defence was adopted from experiences of countries like Switzerland and Sweden. As a nation with small population and small armed forces, we need to draw on the different strengths and abilities of our community to justify our defence capabilities. Conflicts between countries were no longer just military in nature. Potential threats can appear in less obvious and non-conventional ways, for example, destroying social cohesion by exploiting differences in races, language, religion, cultures, social or economic classes. We destroy the national resilience by using psychological warfare to play on the peoples fear and apprehension and waging economic war through economic boycotts, trade sanctions or sabotaging the economy. Further, he mentioned that social defence was about Malaysians of all races and religions living and working in harmony. To build a strong
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Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar, Inspector General of Police
defence, there must be good racial and religious tolerance, respect as well as equal opportunity for all regardless of race, language or religion. As pointed out by the Prime Minister, we should be looking for acceptance and not just tolerance. These include showing care and concern for the less fortunate and under privileged, as well as active participation in volunteer work. Volunteering will instil, inculcate and give Malaysians a sense of belonging and love for the nation. It will indirectly remind them on the importance of Total Defence. It will remind them that Malaysia is defendable and worth defending for. It also sends out the message that only Malaysians have the will to defend Malaysia. Malaysians should not be idealistic as to be incapable to fight. We should be prepared to sacrifice for the greater good. Problems need to be solved with a solution and not to be ignored. Volunteering and nation building are required because this is the beginning of the differences between the parts of the society. Nation building requires compromise. He believed that, after more than half of a century developing and growing the economy together and achieving a united nation, the majority of the population understood that our shared national objectives were built on the
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Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar receiving a memento from Dato Sri Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad, Secretary General of the Ministry of Defence
appreciation of diversity. The Malaysian colonial legacy takes back to the early 1500s when the Portuguese, Dutch and British vested control over our nation. Soon the Chinese and the Indians came for trade and employment. The divide and rule policy that kept the majority Malay Muslims in paddy field, Chinese in urban business areas, and Indians in rubber plantations had created tension largely due to the economic classes that remained after Independence. Malaysians, being a multi-racial and multi-religious society, must cultivate racial harmony as our way of life. He also asked the question on what is racial harmony and believed it is when people of different races with different nationalities come together to work hard and live harmoniously as one big family in a nation. Any insensitive or unthoughtful decisions made by the government or any authorities will trigger racial issues such as racial riots or strikes. Everyone should be very clear of their counterparts cultures and practices as to avoid any unnecessary mistakes whether in speeches or our daily behaviours. When a society is open, tolerant and forward looking, nation building will materialise. It is only by being inclusive and participative that the various sectors of our society could be productively engaged. He also touched on national resilience. According to him, national resilience was a set of rules out of self resilience, togetherness and familiar
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spirit that consisted of skills and strengths of a nation in facing challenges and threats. Building the culture of resilience holds the key in creating a culture of preparedness. Resilience would allow Malaysians to prevent, respond and recover from any potential changes and threats inclusive of economic warfare. Taking Japan as an example, they have faced the tsunami and pulled out with resilience. The need of national security were not established to protect itself from harm but nations must gather its value for those imposed by other nations or states. The success of Malaysia in implementing Total Defence, not only depended on economic, scienctific, information, and communication technology development but on how we build a society that is morally, spiritually and mentally strong and healthy. Despite many accomplishments, the social progress of our society was still lagging. Malaysians must take responsibility for the failing values and declining social standards that are prevalent today. The increasing crime rates, the unresolved drug trafficing, corruption in the public and private sectors and culture at violence, all pointed to the urgent need in addressing the countrys social wellbeing. We see our culture that glorifies violence, show disrespect towards authority and everything was about human rights but mentioned nothing about responsibility. Since the 1990s, the media not only had created unrivalled television programming but have aided digital medias such as Google, YouTube, Wikipedia, Facebook and Twitter in the ideology of openness. Global censorships are the envy of the world. The good side of social media was already well known. It is used by millions of people worldwide to connect and network with friends and families. Companies are using social media to enhance communications and render customer engagements. The dark side of social media was and is still used by groups of criminals to organise their criminal activities. As seen in the London Riot, it was said to be coordinated through social media. Similarly, social media in the form of Facebook, Twitter and Blackberry Messenger were used in Egypt when people took to the street to protest against President Mubarak. The same internet technology that allowed young people to become a citizen of the world was used to create misleading perceptions. Distorted perceptions were used in our country to establish a situation of fear and the illusion of crime. It portrays a scenario of lawlessness, creating
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fear in businesses, driving away tourists and even foreign investments. However, the World Global Peace Index had reported that Malaysia was the 19th safest place in the world, standing at No. 2 in Asia and No. 1 for South East Asia. The efforts taken by the RMP under the NKRA which effectively brought down the index of street crime by 15% were ignored and perceived to be manipulated. This is the power of perception. The bottom line was that if the false truth or half-truths were not challenged and corrected, the people will continue to believe and form their own opinion. Thus, in Total Defence we must address this issue of perception by formulating strategies. He concluded by stressing that we must emphasise the incentives of building up a nation to be greater and more compelling than breaking it down. It must be sectioned socially, politically and if necessary also legally. We must learn to talk and conduct ourselves peacefully, respectfully and responsibly about our past, present and future, of any disconnection, of our shared investment and the responsibility for the future of our nation. In focusing and unifying our differences in culture and perspectives, he strongly believed that Malaysians will, and without doubt, come together as a united force in the Total Defence of this beloved nation. The last speaker, Dato Mohamad Tajuddin Abd Wahab started his presentation by giving the meaning of the national security. The national security, according to him, was a prerequisite to political stability which in turn is essential to provide a conducive environment for economic growth and prosperity. National security can be defined as a situation where the necessary measures are in place to preserve, maintain and ensure Malaysia as a nation, is free from all internal and external threats. He elaborated that national security consisted three main elements. First, on national integration, in which unity and racial harmony among the people are crucial to provide social cohesion which is necessary to guarantee stability in the country and its survival as a nation that is at peace with itself. Second, on territorial integrity where the physical security of the country at both state and federal levels are being safe, guarded to ensure that Malaysia exists as a nation whose borders are secured at all times and finally on national sovereignty which refers to the ability to enhance and defend Malaysias national interest, as well as gain respect and
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recognition at the international fora as a responsible member of the international community. He also highlighted that the main objective of Malaysias Defence Policy was to protect its strategic interest and national security. The policy was put into practice by applying the doctrine of deterrence and the concept of Total Defence. The doctrine of deterrence is aimed at discouraging potential adversaries from pursuing policies by adopting measures that inhibits peaceful means of resolving conflicts. It called for the application of denial strategy and the development of a credible Armed Forces with effective war fighting capabilities to deter any acts of hostilities or aggression by adversaries. The concept of Total Defence encompasses both the holistic and integrated efforts by agencies of the government, the private sector, non-governmental bodies and the public as a whole, to defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. The underlying philosophy was that, the responsibility of defending the country should not be shouldered only by the security forces. It was said that wars were too much of a serious business to be left to the Generals, but it was also said that wars are far too dangerous to leave to the politicians too. Undoubtedly, the business of managing wars must be done collectively, involving the best of the military, the defences bureaucratic and political minds, think tank intellectuals, as well as the masses to be engaged in a collective supporting directives.
Dato Mohamad Tajuddin Abd Wahab, Secretary of National Security Council
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Parties involved must know their roles, responsibilities and contributions they must make in dealing with any situation of crisis, disaster, emergency or war. The necessary capabilities must therefore be developed to bring together all 27 million Malaysians to face such threat. In practice, HANRUH will involve not only the mobilisation of the governments machineries, the private sectors and the public in general but will require making available sufficient finances, materials, human capacity and other resources. In 1986, HANRUH was introduced as an essential component in the formulation of the National Defence Policy. Total Defence is a noble concept and it was adopted by other countries including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland and Singapore. Against the regional backdrop of post-Vietnam War and the re-emerging threat of the MCP, the situation was timely to implement HANRUH at that time. In 2006, the MKN was asked to work together with MinDef to implement HANRUH and on 10 April 2007, a high-level seminar passed a resolution, stressing the urgency of implementing HANRUH. The paper was successfully prepared and HANRUH was formally approved for implementation in the MKN meeting, chaired by the Prime Minister on 2 Jun 2008. In order to execute HANRUH, 5 substantive components should already be in place, as described by Armed Forces Chief and Inspector General Police in their speeches. He also said that although HANRUH has been approved for adoption in June 2008, the existing policy framework was still very much in a process of being implemented. The absence of a detailed blueprint or Standing Order for the execution of HANRUH had costed the idea to remain essentially at the stage of conceptualisation, rather than implementation. HANRUH, originally conceptualised in 1986, was definitely unsuitable for application at the context of present day regional and international security environments. Thus, the very purpose of the presentation was to initiate for further discussions on the concept and to make HANRUH more relevant to the present time, with a view to its full implementation as early as possible. Today, it is no longer realistic to think about maintaining national security or adopting defence policies solely in the terms of military power and geopolitical arena. The list of values considered the essential elements of national security had already increased. They now include not only non-traditional security
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issues but economic independence, cultural identity and social stability. It is generally accepted that modern day national security refers to the resilient and the ability of a nation to cope with, endure and survive a variety of challenges. It was necessary to concentrate not only on hard power but also on soft powers as equally important ingredients for preserving national security. The need to adopt a holistic approach to security was again emphasised. This fact had contributed to the delay in HANRUHs implementation. When the spirit of HANRUH was finally instilled, challenges remained in making the idea of Total Defence a truly national undertaking, that involves everyone in the country. The next level of challenges now are to find ways and means to attract and steer the target groups, to sharpen the skill so that HANRUH could effectively be implemented. Transferring a concept paper into reality was no easy task but this challenge must be accepted by creating a detailed action plan and identifying specific goals within precise time lines, and this task lies in the hands of all agencies concerned and not just MKN or MinDef. Elaborating The Way Forward, he said that the changing of internal and external environment had significant influence on the course of events, especially for a young nation, striving to maintain its survival in the face of various challenges to national unity, prosperity and wellbeing. Malaysia had successfully fought the communist terorists insurgency and was able to destroy its militant threat during the early stages of the countrys Independence since 1957. However, the challenges to national security continued to exist in other forms. In some ways, these new challenges forced an even greater threat to national stability and consequently national security, particularly in the face of external influences. Addressing these challenges for the purpose of preserving national security and territorial integrity will invariably be a continuing process. Indeed, threats and challenges to national security have become increasingly complex, where threats are now no longer limited to the battlefields. It exists in a non-conventional and asymmetrical environment, changeable and unpredictable in forms. Globalisation had changed the dimensions and roles of a state in maintaining peace, security and prosperity of the people. The economic crisis of 1997, terrorist attacks
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Plenary session 2 participants
on 11 September 2001 in the Unites States and the tsunami in Acheh in 26 December 2004 gave rise to several new dimensions to the security of countries in the world. The events changed the trend of thoughts and perceptions regarding safety, management and the nature of threat to national security. National security architectures need to be reviewed at both national and international level. He also mentioned that the past decade had seen the beginning of a shift in the global approach to security. Security, as the function of the state to protect itself, had expanded progressively to incorporate the basic needs for the communitys wellbeing in the world, with the threats onstage are diminishing while threats from other sources are increasing. These latest form of threats are not linked to any particular territory. There are 4 major elements into the international security architecture which extends beyond military component, is more transnational, global and inter-dependent. It has the plurality of actors where a state was no longer the exclusive factor and at-large, an agenda, since the beginning of the 21st century and demanded that the actors work together. However, he added, despite the sea of change which had taken place at the international security environment, there are still the need
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for a comprehensive Total Defence as part of the NDP. This was in fact reflected in the publication of the Policy in 2010 by MinDef, in which the concept of HANRUH was included as one of the basic principles of defence. Therefore, the transformation of HANRUH should start now, as to make the concept relevant to the present situation in the country and to suit the multi faceted context of the Malaysian community. As a lead agency for coordinating security policy, MKN is of the view that the desire to introduce new approaches to HANRUH with elements pertinent to national resilience are important to be incorporated and maintaining most of the existing elements. The new approach emphasised more to the mobilisation of people, assets and resources of the country in the face of any situation be it a crisis, disaster, emergency or war. The new HANRUH, as proposed by Dato Mohamad Tajuddin, should be renamed National Resilience, as part of transformating from the old concept. This would also help to dispel the stereotypical thinking behind the term `defence, where it has always been associated with the Armed Forces. Likewise, in the military context, joint operation doctrines were developed to provide general guidelines for the deployment of military personnel and assets in Military Operations Other Then War (MOOTW). This operation should include Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC), Humanitarian Assistant and Disaster Relief (HADR), counter-terrorism and peace keeping operations. Unlike the previous HANRUH that was known for Total Defence and comprised 5 main elements (military, civil, economic, social and physiological defence), the new Resilience Concept should be based on 3 main components (public preparedness, asset preparedness and resources preparedness). From it, we can branch out to the other aspects while maintaining and carrying the original elements of HANRUH. On the aspect of public preparedness, the speaker defined this as the readiness of the Malaysian people to participate and contribute accordingly when the country faces crisis, disaster, emergency or war. It is the most important component for determining the success of a national resilience concept. It will also be able to instil moral values and forge greater unity among the countrys multi ethnic society. With the support from the public, the countrys defence capabilities will be enhanced and at the same time, sustain national unity, territorial integrity and sovereignty.
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He also discussed on the asset preparedness, which according to him, considered as the most vital element in the management of national security and include both public and private ownership. Proper management of assets can reduce the risk of disaster and crisis, especially in terms of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. Among the assets identified are transportation, building, telecommunication, infrastructure and other supporting assets. The third element in his discussion was on resources preparedness, which include resources and essential goods, and strategic services that will meet the needs of a country to survive in the time of emergency. Resources preparedness refers to the ability of good services in the time of crisis, disaster, emergency or war. Among the nations suggested resources identified were food, water, energy, emergency medical services, raw material and basic necessities. In his conclusion, he said that although this new approach had taken into account the current developments, the project was still at the stage of conceptualisation and refinement. The presentation reflected the outcome of our series of inter-agency meeting and discussions conducted over the last two years. The strategic planning and implementation processes must indicate clear targets and achievable timelines. This is to ensure that concrete achievements will be made in terms of objectives, implementations, schedules and issues, problems encountered and lessons learnt from the implementation of the newly transform HANRUH must be fully recorded for the benefit of future implementers. He added that MKN was reviewing the legal framework to ensure its compliance with the concept. However at the early stage, it might be sufficient to put into place an Executive Order from the Prime Minister, circulated via MKN Directives. Such directives would outline the implementation mechanisms, which will include guidelines on the roles and responsibilities of relevant agencies in the implementation and management of the new concept. Finally, the concept of national resilience must be given a more dynamic definition and the content should be reviewed periodically to ensure the document remains relevant to meet the ever changing nation. In concluding the session, the moderator emphasised that it was important for all agencies to work hand in glove. He stressed that only
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then policies supporting the HANRUH concept can be periodically examined. Relevant agencies such as the MKN, MAF and RMP should cooperate between agencies, in order to be well prepared and to support or complement each other in time of need. The moderator suggested, to ensure the success of implementing Total Defence, it depends not only on economic, scienctific, information and communication technology developments but also on building a society that is morally, spiritually and mentally strong and healthy.
Dato Mohamad Tajuddin receiving a memento from Dato Sri Hj Ismail Hj Ahmad, Secretary General of the Ministry of Defence
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Plenary Session 3 Harnessing Natural Resources for Emergency Responses
MODERATOR
Dato Abdul Rahim Mohd Radzi Deputy Secretary General (Security) Ministry of Home Affairs
SPEAKERS
Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Rodzali Daud Chief of Air Force Royal Malaysian Air Force Admiral Tan Sri Dato Sri Hj Abdul Aziz Jaafar Chief of Navy Royal Malaysian Navy Dato Hj Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid Director General Civil Defence Department
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Plenary Session 3
Harnessing Natural Resources for Emergency Responses

Plenary session 3 moderated by Dato Abdul Rahim Mohd Radzi, Deputy Secretary General (Security), Ministry of Home Affairs
The third plenary session began with the moderator introducing the speakers for the session. The first speaker, Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Rodzali Daud (RMAF) stated that in our daily lives, we may consider a disaster as an event with a very low probability to occur in our community. Yet, natural disasters such as floods, environmental accidents or services disruption, such as massive power surge that resulted in a nationwide blackout, could occur to our community at any time. As we are all aware, the First Quarter of 2011 was a frantic time to all. Back to back public unrest in the Middle East and North African countries, as well as deadly natural disasters that occurred in Japan and New Zealand, have claimed many innocent lives. The exodus of foreign citizens left stranded vigorously in danger and the increase of displaced persons in neighbouring countries are a common sight of this aftermath. Never
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in the history of mankind have we faced such circumstances. We should also keep in mind that Malaysia, is not spared from such emergency scenarios. The recent outbreak of public unrest in Egypt in January 2011 had affected 8,000 Malaysian students studying there, was an unprecedented event for all of us. He added that Malaysia should strive in enhancing its existing crisis management as well as our emergency response mechanism. In addition, the Highland Towers tragedy in 1993 was a reminder of what could happen if we were caught unprepared for any eventuality. We were again shocked by the advent at Typhoon Greg in Sabah in 1996, the mudslide tragedy at Pos Dipang and the calamity that hit Madrasah Taqwa orphanage at Hulu Langat which claimed 16 innocent lives. These incidents not only triggered the government to face such predicament but evoked the sense of fear among international communities across borders, especially expatriates and profesionals residing temporarily, working and studying abroad. These events served as a wakeup call for governments around the world to analyse its crisis management and emergency response mechanisms thoroughly and to ensure the greatest extent possible that their peoples are protected from harm, regardless of the threats involved; be it a political unrest, natural disasters or any other crisis. Since we are neither immune nor invulnerable to these kinds of situations, it is of utmost importance for us to harness all the available resources to cope with future disasters. His presentation focused on the recent Operation Pyramid as an example, since it involves all the right tools of harnessing national resources in times for emergency responses. With some minor adjustments, the operation can be used as a benchmark for other future approaches. Managing crisis and executing remedial actions immediately and effectively during the time of emergency are indeed crucial. To do so, identifying our resources carefully and harnessing them accordingly was indeed critical. Hence, the emphasis should not only be given on developing an effective plan, identifying risks and potential challenges but also to develop a good coordination system between the relevant parties in order to ensure smooth execution of respective contingency
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Gen Tan Sri Dato Sri Rodzali Daud, Chief of Air Force
plans. In Malaysia, the management of crisis was undertaken by the Emergency Crisis Management Task Force led by MKN of the Prime Ministers Department. This task force was responsible in developing plans by gathering all the information and resources required. In the case of facing a crisis abroad, the force will need to track our nationals abroad, ensuring smooth coordination and establishing timely communication network of all available resources as well as formulating steps to evacuate our nationals from the troubled hotspot. When referring to national resources, these do not solely indicate tangible or intangible resources owned by the government but the mobilising of assistance from the private sectors as needed. He also gave the example on the success of Operation Pyramid, launched at a short notice and executed within a short period of time, as a decent manifestation of a close cooperation and strong collaboration between the government, the private sector, NGOs and foreign agencies in executing evacuation by sea and air. The RMAF dispatched three of its C130 aircrafts, loaded with food and the required equipments, together with the commercial aircrafts of Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia working together evacuate Malaysian students out of Egypt to Jeddah by air. The three C130s made 18 flights between Cairo and Alexandria to Jeddah. Due
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to the time sensitive nature of the mission and limited passenger capacity of the C130, it was a round-the-clock effort to fly Malaysians out of Egypt to the transit point before being flown back to Malaysia. He also stressed that the credit should also be given to Lembaga Tabung Haji for providing the accommodation for the students upon arriving in Jeddah. For evacuation by sea, Bunga Mas 5 was planned to join the effort. Apart from Operation Pyramid, which focused on Malaysian nationals, Malaysia as a concerned member of the international community, also extended assistance to evacuate our 1,000 nationals out of Libya in late February during Operation Sahara, not long after the conclusion of Operation Pyramid. This was in line with one of the provisions under the UN Security Council Resolution 1973 calling for the Member States to assist in evacuating other nationals out of Libya. Our diplomatic relations with the neighbouring countries of the troubled states were a great help during the time of need. At the same time, the C130s used in Operation Sahara was mobilised to evacuate our nationals from Tunisia to Rome, Italy. Ranhill, a Malaysian private company operating in Libya, also extended their assistance to ensure smooth evacuation of its workers and Malaysian students in Libya. In both operations, the MKN functioned as the lead agency in coordinating and mobilising all available national resources. No doubt both missions were carried out successfully, however, many lessons could be learnt especially when such missions were relatively new to us. In preparing for future contingencies, we should improve on current procedures to achieve better results in the future. One of the challenges faced in conducting this operation was diplomatic clearance. It was the close relationship between the political and military leaders of both countries that facilitated the process of getting diplomatic clearance and resolving other related issues. It was imperative for a small country like Malaysia to continue engaging and building rapport with other countries at all levels. Emergency management professionals recognised the fact that working together with communities, governments and all key stakeholders was essential in achieving a comprehensive and supportive approach in responding to a crisis. The relevance to the development and the maintenance of safer sustainable communities, in ensuring a comprehensive approach in
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emergency management there must be effective arrangement and close coordination on the activities of the government requires the involvement and cooperation of all parties including the NGOs, the private sectors and individual volunteers. At the national level, an effective framework for an emergency management requires a high-level of collaboration and coordination within that crosses all levels of government and non-government stakeholders. These arrangements are to ensure that key policy decisions in the preparedness for the response to any crisis or major emergency should be established at the highest level. Professional and technical advisors should be taken in account during the making of key policy decisions and later conveyed to all concerned parties. Effective coordination between agencies could therefor be achieved. He highlighted the challenges encountered by the RMAF during the Operation Pyramid and suggested ways to mitigate measures for future occurances. The most important lessons learned was the significance of effective collaboration and close coordination among the agencies involved agencies in the success of an emergency response operation. He added, developing a structured pre-crisis organisation with set procedures was a wise initiative in meeting anticipated contingencies and establishing networks between the organisations involved. Having this readily in place before the time of crisis, MKN only needs to analyse for indicators during information gathering and a sign a set of triggers and come up with recommended plan for immediate cabinet approval. Once an instruction is given, MKN will lead and coordinate with relevant stakeholders in executing the mission. He also mentioned that the evacuation of our nationals during Operation Pyramid could have been better executed if we have anticipated the indicators in a timely manner and the delays in getting our nationals on flights and for diplomatic clearance. In addition, Wisma Putra should be the key player in the aspects of coordination especially in foreign relations. Although our aircrafts were always ready for deployment, the C130 has its limitations in terms of payload, as well as range. If we were to use a better aircraft such Airbus in future similar operations in the future could be carried out more effectively and efficiently. In regard to national and
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international emergency responses, a centralized agency such as MKN, should cater the financial implications throughout the operation in a timely manner. There, there should not be any arising matters, especially the bureaucracy in preparing the funds available, which would have assisted RMAF to execute the emergency response mission. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) should provide a separate contingency fund instead of using the current operational expenditure of the agency involved. Constant and timely updates on the situation is very important which could give a heads up to the mission crews in developing viable plans upon their arrival at the area. This would minimise operational disruptions in terms of telecommunications. Traditional military communication sets are important controlled items or even prohibited in certain countries and this will require alternative communication methods such as mobile phones and communications through social media. He felt that Malaysia should not stop at where we are now but must improve and develop better crisis management strategies to better manage crisis which is beyond the normal rescue and evacuation procedures. Our previous involvement in those aspects could be further enhanced for us to be equally capable internationally. This demanded a collective effort from all parties concerned like the Public Work Department, Mercy Malaysia, Special Malaysian Assistance Rescue Team (SMART), the MAF, RMP and MKN. He concluded that being prepared for any crisis was very crucial and harnessing national resources during an emergency response was important to protect our national interest. excellent measures and coordination must first be in place and this is truly the essence of HANRUH. The second speaker, Admiral Tan Sri Dato Sri Hj Abdul Aziz Jaafar stated that it was timely for this subject be revisited and became the topic of discourse in this conference. He believed todays discourse would be able to propose measures to enhance our present systems and mechanisms in responding to a wider of emergencies. Disaster, as defined in MKN Directive No. 20 is an incident that occurs in a sudden manner, complex in nature and resulting in the loss of lives, damage to property or the environment, as well as affecting the daily activities of the local community. It also defined non-disastrous incidents under the purview
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of MKN No. 20. Non-disastrous incidents are incidents that involve a small number of victims and only effecting the victims involved. Non-disastrous incidents may include vehicle accidents, small fire, outbreak or accident in lakes or rivers. Incidents that are of higher magnitude than non-disastrous incident are considered a disaster. However, emergency responses should not be segregated between nondisastrous or disastrous. All incidents, no matter how big or small the magnitude are, requires immidiate emergency response. its definition dictated that emergency responses be rendered without prejudice and part of disaster management. Emergency response is an enormous responsibility that requires the coordination of all parties. The MAF can deliver critical support when responding to any emergency responses. This was due to its ability in coordinating and organising quick responses on the scene, as well as providing unrivalled logistical support. The value of deploying the armed forces in any national emergency be it disaster relief, recovery of stability effort is therefore invaluable. The roles of MAF with regard to emergency response, were specified in both the MKN Directives No. 20 and No. 21, where MAF should assist and provide services of personnel, machinery, equipment and transport vehicles, provide specialised services, (divers, engineering and medical), carry out search and rescue and provide evacuation and immediate assistance. The MAF is also obligated to provide contingency plans for emergency response. Thus, the MAF will always be ready to perform their responsibilities in extending emergency responses around the clock to any part of the country. Today, responding to emergencies has been a significant activity for the RMN, next to the primary role of safeguarding the nations sovereignty, its strategic interests and the sea lines of communication. The capabilities available on all RMN assets are unparallel in terms of operational mobility, as well as providing critical assistance during any emergencies, particularly in areas where accessibility through land is limited. The RMN possesses certain attributes that enable them to launch emergency responses at any time of the day, to nearly every corner of Malaysia. He further elaborated on RMNs strategies and attributes such as readiness, mobility, versatility, poise and persistence, lift capability and
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Admiral Tan Sri Dato Sri Hj Abdul Aziz Jaafar, Chief of Navy
leverage into various perspective. Several RMN capabilities can be deployed, rendered and utilised which the nation can count on for emergency response for example, the RMN has seven main bases all over the country that are readiling to be use as refuge centres in times of emergency. These places are accessible through all means of transportation and vehicles for emergency responses can be launched from these bases at any time, capable of providing logistics and medical facilities to support emergency response though never been used as emergency relief centres, numerous emergency responses were launched from these bases. Occasionally, emergency responses were also launched from RMN bases to cater for non-disastrous incidents to conduct MEDEVAC and search for victims of drowning cases. He also mentioned that as of today, the RMN has assets in areas ready to provide emergency responses against any distress or disaster. They were heavily involved in rescuing fishermen from pirates in its maritime area. During the Operation Pyramid, RMN had their ships stationed and ready to evacuate the our nationals during the unrest in Egypt. Due to its lift capability, mobility and reach, RMN vessels are capable to be deployed for emergency responses and provide logistics relief and support.
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Even though maritime search and rescue is under the jurisdiction of MMEA, the RMN helicopters and crews were well trained and ready to render its assistance in support of emergency operations. It is also part of RMNs secondary role in the time of peace, to assist various national agencies in the conduct of search and rescue operation during peace time. The fact about harnessing national resources indicated that not one agency in Malaysia was capable to provide a wide range of emergency responses due to their limitations. Likewise, the RMN also has its own challenges and limitations. The notable challenges were speed and lack of smaller assets such as assault boats. He believes where RMN in this lacked area can be complemented by other agencies. At the higher level, he believed that responding in a timely fashion requires effective planning and communications, which can be enhanced through personal and institutional relationships among these agencies. Hence, we should strive to strengthen the relationship, the communication gaps and increase collaboration by conducting drills and exercises at any opportunities availble, be better prepared and respond efficiently when the need arises. Lessons learned and experiences shared from drills and exercises will be invaluable during the time of emergency. Harnessing national resources for emergency response should also include the general public and the commercial community. It is vital that disasters could occur anywhere and at any time. However, the public and private sectors should not be blamed if they were unable to contribute efficiently due to the lack of awareness on the mechanisms existed at the local, district or national level. On a positive note, he also mentioned that the collaboration between RMN and Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC) had created a greater awareness in the contributions and roles of MISC in assisting during emergency responses. A good example would be the operations in the Gulf of Aden, seen as the effort in endeavouring the governments calls for the BOS. He added that emergency response is the first and immediate response taken by any party in order to aggregate decisions and measures. Firstly, is to contain or mitigate the effect of disastrous or catastrophic event to prevent any further loss of lives and property.
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Secondly, is to restore order in the immediate aftermath and thirdly, is to re-establish normality through reconstruction and rehabilitation shortly after that. With the present capacity, the RMN is capable of contributing towards the greater aspect of the national emergency response mechanism. He also informed that the MAF does have a future plan of acquiring Multi Role Support Ships (MSS) that would further enhance the capability in rendering emergency response and its follow on support operation. With the sea-based logistics capability, the MSS will provide faster and more effective methods to deliver supplies and equipment to affected areas not only in our country but to other parts of this region. Its independent communication networks, medical facilities, refuelling and resupplying capabilities; and command and control facilities provide unparallel support for state and local administrators of coastal and remote areas. He concluded his arguments by stating that the present mechanisms and arrangements of harnessing national resources towards emergency response may have been sufficient to handle the magnitude of disaster normally faced in Malaysia. However, the nation may require an active involvement of its population, particularly both government and nongovernment agencies. The involvement of these agencies have to be regulated to ensure a holistic approach in harnessing national resources for emergency response, in the essence of emergency response is timeliness and coordination. Having said that, the public needs to be informed and educated on the existing mechanism in rendering emergency responses. The present doctrine in disaster management should be cascaded to a general action plan, accessible to the public so that greater awareness on how to react and what could be contributed can be shared nationally. By doing this, it will create a holistic approach towards realising the idea of harnessing national resources for emergency responses. Dato Hj Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, as the last speaker, began by giving a brief historical background on the establishment of Civil Defence Department Malaysia (JPAM). He added that civil defence during wartime was any action that does not involve the use of weapons in facing enemy attack taken before, during or after the time of attack. During the times of peace, civil defence refers to any action to protect lives and the property
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of the public whether the action is taken before, during or after a disaster or emergency. So it was understood that civil defence functions were enforced during times of peace, war and disaster, to save, rescue, protect and reduce the loss of lives as well as damage to public and government property. He elaborated that JPAM has six roles and functions which are to formulate appropriate policies on civil defence purposes; to manage and maintain the civil defence force through support services and adequate logistics; to train and educate the public about the civil defence knowledge so that they can receive and respond to the programme that is important to their own safety; to formulate and organise the type of training for civil defence force based on the changes of the environment; to provide emergency services throughout the country and to perform rescue operations and supervise disaster victims across the country. The previous and future measures were based on the Total Defence Concept (HANRUH) introduced by the government. JPAM is not far behind in implementing HANRUH because they have been doing this for the past 59 years with other security agencies but it is implemented in a silo approach which is not comprehensive within all related agencies by sharing all the planning, resources expertise and database. These are the tasks and measures taken in its roles. JPAM sets a standard for every permanent personnel in our department that they must have three basic skills in civil defence. JPAM also sets the capacity development for its personnel in advanced and skill training programme to become instructor or master trainer and this was conducted internally and externally with recognised institutions. Emergency services are also the core business in providing humanitarian services including rescue and medical assistance in events involving crowds for general elections and by-elections, special operations on crime prevention and on illegals, and assistance to accident and breakdown vehicles during festive seasons in Ops Bantu and Ops Sikap. JPAM has started to activate its own public alarm system in the Klang Valley which was established in 1983 under Malaysia Air Defence Ground Environment (MADGE) project with the RMAF and Telekom Malaysia. Although it is for the purpose of air raid warning but JPAM is in the progress to develop a new system and computerised devices for
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public warning system which will enable all related authorities in disaster preparedness and warning announcement. In the early years, civil defence had only 30 operations officers nationwide but today, JPAM has 95 officers and JPAM plans to set up its office in all 152 districts across the country by the year 2012. As a part of the BOS, he added that JPAM catered additional 65 new district offices for civil defence. JPAM placed the minimum number of permanent officers at the head office and placed them at all the districts and also recruit volunteers to help the operations of the offices. JPAM is currently recruiting more volunteers at the district level so that they can assist us during any emergency. At present, the presence of civil defence can be felt all over the country because JPAM wants the speed and wants to be at scene of the incident as early as possible. This is part of the people preparedness aspect in the HANRUH concept. As for JPAM, it has recommended the keys for effective emergency responses which are precise advanced planning with database and comprehensive research being undertaken. The ability to mobilise sufficient resources quickly supported by good logistics management, good local coordination at site and conducted via Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) and guidelines. JPAM has already conducted exercised to identify the weaknesses and problems in joint exercise involving multiple agencies and post mortems were held as well. The inventory of resources to be made available include transports, vehicles, buses, trucks, earthmoving equipment, boat, electric generators, water pumps and mobile telecommunication equipment. JPAM has 280,000 volunteers who are ready to be deployed at any part of the country as part of our humanitarian support services. Well trained personnel and volunteers of the force internally and externally which the volunteers are also targeted to have some capability and skills as the permanent officers. The active members are trained regularly to enable them to be highly skilled and ready to be deployed in any emergency situation. There are also professional members enrolled as honorary and associate officers who we believe can also contribute and play their part in enhancing national safety and security based on their professional fields and backgrounds. We need more reliable asset and logistics for rescue operation. To date, the number of public being trained as front liners
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in local incidents and emergency as for responders until June 2011 is 394,400 people. We do have a close relationship with other agencies such as the Welfare Department, the Fire Department, and MKN at the state and district level supporting disaster operations such as flood and road accidents. He explained that JPAM have determined and explored new dimensions of bilateral and multilateral, local and international operations in upgrading and looking for new resources for capacity development. At present, JPAM has established international collaborations and partners especially with International Civil Defence Organisation based in Geneva, where Malaysia became a member state in 2010. That is the reason for the change of uniform from green to blue because it is the corporate colour of the International Civil Defence Organisation. We are also building up a network with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in the field of humanitarian assistance. We have a very close relationship with the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) in training programmes especially in urban search and rescue courses. We are also registered as a member of ASEAN Network for Major Cities (ANMC) based in Tokyo in experiencing and knowledge sharing in disaster management programmes. We decided to gain an advanced training and instructor programme with the Australian International and Training Institute in high risk rescue operation courses besides empowering our officers in the current updates and knowledge in disaster management skills with ASEAN Disaster and Preparedness Centre (ADPC) based in Bangkok. As we are one of the agencies under the Home Ministry, JPAM has actively stationed more than 1,200 volunteer members in 50 hotspots as police volunteers reserved (PVR) to fight street crimes through the NKRA initiative. And finally, he believed that the HANRUH implementation must take place in this country to ensure every public and private sectors, NGOs and each citizen been involved, trained, as well as contributes, to defend the resilience and the sovereignty of this nation. The implementation will thoroughly be a step toward creating Malaysian with a spirit of patriotism and nationalism, self belonging and unity of our multi racial population. Bringing the session to an end, the moderator underlined that natural
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Dato Hj Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, Director General, Civil Defence Department
disasters such as floods, environmental accidents or service disruption can strike our community at any time. Thus, every agency responsible must be well prepared to support and face the challenges during support and rescue operations. He also stressed that due to budget constraints, the agency must ensure that equipment acquired must be able to fulfil the functions needed for humanitarian aid and disaster relief. He also stressed that present mechanism and arrangement of harnessing national resources towards emergency response may have been sufficient to handle the magnitude of disaster normally faced in Malaysia. However, for larger magnitudes of disasters, the nation may require an active involvement of its entire population, the government and nongovernmental agencies.
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Chapter 7
Closing Address MiDAS Conference 2011
The Honourable DATO SERI DR AHMAD ZAHID HAMIDI Minister of Defence
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Closing Address
MiDAS Conference 2011

The Honourable Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Minister of Defence delivered the Closing Address at the conference. Following is an extract of the speech:
Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Minister of Defence
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT for his blessings and guidance that we are able to meet here today to participate in this inaugural National Defence and Security Conference 2011. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude and congratulations to the Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security (MiDAS) especially to Maj Gen Dato Pahlawan Dr. William Stevenson for organising this conference, aimed to promote understanding on defence and security issues through discussion, as well as sharing of knowledge and perspective in order to draw useful lessons for further improvement. I would like to announce that for todays event, we have with us fourteen former generals as participants of the conference. This includes four former Chief of Defence Force and ten former Service Chiefs of which were three former Chiefs of Army, four former Chiefs of Navy and three
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former Chiefs of Air Force. To me, personally, this is the manifestation of their dedication and commitment to the defence and security of the nation. I have gone through the presentations in detail and found out that as a follow up to this conference, we need to establish labs to discuss in detail, as mentioned by Gen (R) Tan Sri Ghazali earlier. I would like to suggest to MiDAS and with the consent of all, that the following labs be established: Cyber Security, Maritime Security, Air Space Security, Emergency Response or HADR, and Food Security. If there are any other aspects which was not mentioned, perhaps you should write to MIDAS and organise special sessions for that purpose. I would also like to inform that the Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Raja Muda Perak will be giving his special Keynote Address in November 2011 and it is my pleasure to invite the
Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Minister of Defence
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MiDAS Executive Director Maj Gen Dato Dr. William Stevenson presenting the MiDAS Conference 2011 memento to the Hon Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, Minister of Defence
participants for todays conference and I think MIDAS should organise labs during the event and provide the resolutions to be concluded during the preliminary sessions. Further to it, we will submit the resolutions to the MKN and through those labs, we may be able to propose to the government on a specific security policy. I feel that according to the feedback that we have, the Internal Security Act (ISA) may be transformed to an act which involves anti-terrorism, economic sabotage and matters affect racial harmony. I think that these labs will incorporate HANRUH and involve matters pertaining to total defence and security. I would also like to inform that MiDAS will be organising the Putrajaya Forum in conjunction with DSA in 2012. We will include international participants to share thought and knowledge but for now it will involve local participants. According to the directive from our Prime Minister and the consent of all, we will not open it to the media because of the sensitive issues that need to be discussed in detail and in the future, instead of the listed participants, I have proposed to MIDAS to invite the former senior officers of the military, police, MKN and who were involved in security to be present so as to share issues that should have been proposed by them but cannot be implemented. I think that the suggestions made should be appreciated by all parties concerned as it does not only highlight the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Home Affairs but also other parties
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related to defence and security, especially MKN. Through inter-agency collaborations in the NBOS may effect or defince and security will be implemented. Again, I wish to thank to all the moderators speakers and participants. Finally once again, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation and congratulation again to MiDAS and all the committee members for their efforts in organising this conference. I would like to extend my gratitute to the distinguished moderators and speakers for their commitments in sharing their thoughts, knowledge and experiences. To all the participants, I hope you have seized all the lessons learned and will utilise the knowledge and information benificial to the defence and security of our country. In essence, todays conference also acted as a platform in promoting cooperation among government agencies. I hope that this conference had provided an informal and unofficial channel for the exchange of opinions and perspectives and refined each others thought and making Malaysia a more stable and progressive nation. On that note, I hereby pronounce the MiDAS Conference 2011 officially close. Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahibarakatuh.
Closing Address participants
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MiDAS CONFERENCE 2011 REPORT

13 September 2011 Putrajaya, Malaysia

REINFORCING NATIONAL DEFENCE & SECURITY: A REVISIT

Malaysian Institute of Defence and Security

MiDAS CONFERENCE 2011 REPORT

Printed and bound in Malaysia by Marzuq Print & Trading

Dato Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi Chairman

Maj Gen Dato Dr. William Stevenson Executive Director

Participants of the MiDAS conference 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

Gen Datuk Hj Zulkifli Hj Zainal Abidin, Chief of Army

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

Reinforcing National Defence & Security : A Revisit

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

The Launching Of MiDAS Blue Ocean Strategy Centre (MBOSC)

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

The Future of National Defence and Security: Blue Ocean Strategy

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

Tan Sri Hj Ismail Hj Omar, Inspector General of Police

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

Plenary session 2 participants

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

Harnessing Natural Resources for Emergency Responses

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

The Honourable DATO SERI DR AHMAD ZAHID HAMIDI Minister of Defence

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

MiDAS Conference 2011

MiDAS Conference Report 2011

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