Video surveillance: camera lens selection and FAQ Many people know that surveillance cameras at the time

of purchase must pay attention to the practicality of its lens, or blurred vision will bring endless trouble. Applications in the security surveillance cameras, the correct selection of the camera lens is very important because it directly affects the system components in the system after the end of the monitor can see the effect of being monitored face painting can meet the design requirements. Optional lens technology one 1, the lens focal length: program designers need to consider the lens indicators monitor the target location, distance, CCD specifications, and monitor the target image on the monitor effects be considered in an integrated manner, in order to select the most appropriate focal length of the lens . For example, production line monitoring, monitoring generally requires relatively close objects, but also require a higher resolution. In this case, the effect of fixed lens zoom than the general good, so often choose short focal length fixed focus lens. Such as 2.8mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and so on. Another example is the control room target, select the focal length is not too large, the general will choose a short focal length manual zoom lens, such as the 3.0-8.2mm ,2.7-12 .5 mm, etc.; road monitoring, the multi-lane monitoring use of shorter focal length such as 6-15mm; crossroads traffic light control plate longer use the appropriate focal length, such as 6-60mm; urban security monitoring generally longer necessary to use a motorized zoom lens focal length, such as 660mm ,8-80mm ,7.5-120mm, etc.; highways, railways, rivers, environmental monitoring, forest fire prevention, airports, border and coastal defense, etc., generally use to large electric zoom lens focal length, such as the 10-220mm ,13-280mm, 10 - 330mm ,15500mm and 10-1100mm and so on. 2, FOV range: FOV range calculation is a formula, you know the focal length of the lens, CCD size, viewing angle can be derived. Lens has such a law: the greater the focal length, monitor farther FOV smaller; smaller the focal length, the nearest distance monitoring, viewing angle is large, focal length and angle of view is an inverse relationship. If a manual zoom lens demand in some projects, the field angle range is the first to be considered, it is generally based on the viewing angle range to determine the selected focal length range. Power zoom lens because it is based on field environment can use the keyboard to control any zoom, focus, so FOV range is
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not too need to be considered. But when the starting power zoom lens focal length is too large (eg starting focal length over 20mm) when is impossible to achieve a wide range of monitoring. 3, the lens aperture: the amount of light through the lens to the lens focal length and aperture ratio to measure (F = f / D), the F mark. Each lens is marked with its maximum F value, F value is smaller, the larger the aperture. For a constant ambient light conditions, you can choose a fixed aperture lens, which is generally a lab environment; illumination did not change significantly for the environment, and often will choose a manual iris lens, the aperture will be tuned to a desired value comparison can be fixed after a; if changes in illumination large, need 24-hour all-weather outdoor surveillance, should be used in automatic iris lens. Auto iris lens is divided into two categories: one is called Video (VIDEO) driven, the lens itself includes an amplifier circuit, using the video camera came amplitude signal translate into iris motor control. Another known direct current (DC) driven using a DC voltage on the camera to directly control the aperture. This lens contains only galvano-iris motor requires amplifier circuit inside the camera. For all kinds of auto iris lens, usually there are two adjustable knobs, one ALC adjustment (metering adjustment), there are at peak metering and average metering conditions according to the target emission two choices, and generally average metering file. Another is the LEVEL control; output image can become bright or dim. It must be noted that, if the light intensity has been uneven, such as monitoring a large contrast between target and background light, the use of auto iris lens, the aperture of the motor may have been in a state of motion at any time to monitor the effect is not ideal, In this case, the lens with the camera generally require backlight compensation function to achieve, with wide dynamic cameras also have relatively good results. Open to the maximum aperture of the lens when it's resolving power is generally the highest. As for the reason you can use an analogy to illustrate: Suppose there are 10,000 holes in the lens to light, the light source A, imaging is B, the maximum aperture case, A hole formed through 10000 B is composed like ; the small aperture, the lens is only 100 holes are open, so the only B 100 like composition; at medium aperture, this value is probably around 2000, so this time resolving power is much higher than on a small aperture. But why do not we have been using a large aperture to obtain the best resolution for force it? This involves another indicator lenses - depth of field. When the camera focuses on the
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subject,when the object (focal point) of objects within a certain distance before and after, there will be more clear images, depth of field that is relatively clear around this distance range. Lens aperture and depth of field is inversely proportional to the size, large aperture, when almost no depth at all, resulting in the background will be a monitoring image blur. Therefore, the lens aperture is not the bigger the better, but also the monitoring environment. 4, the lens imaging circle size: in the monitoring project, matched with gun camera lens imaging circle diameter is generally 1/3 inch or 1/2 inch. Circle lens imaging cameras CCD size not less than that would otherwise occur Noire. The same focal length lenses of different caliber camera matching the same size, the monitor and the distance to the object to get the viewing angle is different. If the 1/2 inch CCD, the camera, the focal length of around 12mm standard lens, there are 30 degree field of view; while in 1/3 inch CCD, camera, a standard lens focal length of 8mm or so can has a 30 degree field of view. Finally, you also need to consider the type of interface lens, lens mount and camera interface to be consistent. Now the camera and lens are usually CS-mount, CS and CS camera can type, C type lenses connected with, but, and C-type lens mount with must be added between the lens and camera adapter, otherwise it may damage the the imaging surface of the CCD cover glass, resulting in damage to the CCD camera. C-and CS-type lens camera not connected with. Optional lens technology two Lens optional indicators, if AS aspherical lens, infrared sensors (IR) camera, SD ED lens, megapixels high-definition lens, motorized zoom AF auto-focus lens and so on. The following are discussed point by point. 1, AS aspherical lens AS aspheric technology everyone is familiar with. Change the spherical lens is aspherical lens, so that the edge portion of the lens most prone to correct the spherical aberration. Reflected in the monitoring image, i.e., the periphery of the screen angle to improve image quality; And because aspheric lenses can be worth a few pieces of the spherical effect, reducing the number of the lens, chromatic aberration will be reduced to increase the contrast of the image; and lens length will be somewhat reduced, easy to make shorter length of the lens, but in order to increase the brightness as much as possible indicators is generally not the lens diameter
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becomes small, but the better; Again, reduction of the number of lenses, passes through the loss of the lens will be much smaller, but also easy to make a greater flux of the lens, such as the F0.98. 2, IR day and night conversion IR Day & Night lens with glass material to add a special element to improve the infrared light refraction and focusing rate, bring it closer to the refractive index of the level of visible light, infrared IR lens can do so during the day and night of the focal plane, so that monitoring screen weather clear. 3, SD ED lens SD ED lens, because the glass using a special material, FK01 and FK02 is divided into two levels, with a high refractive index and low dispersion characteristics, mainly for the visible part of the light, make a sharp vivid color images. 4 megapixels HD lenses Megapixels originally described the number of pixels of the image sensor, lens manufacturers corollary now be utilized. Lens itself no pixel concept, but the lens resolving power good and bad. Some manufacturers use the lens unit distance performance to the performance of black and white lines on the number of lens resolving power to distinguish between ordinary lenses and megapixels camera, may well be an expression. Resolving power is a low-resolution camera for capturing the details of the assessment of the high resolving power of the lens, point block record for the more delicate lines, for small changes in color can also be a faithful reflection. However, this feature is not the same but with the sharpness, sharpness generally refers to the clarity of the edges of the graphic, and more resolving power in terms of mean levels. Mentioned above, under the conditions of the same focal length of the imaging lens fixed focus lens than the general good, where is it good? Fixed lens high resolving power, why not? Because the lens is designed to be simple, with a small number of lenses, which can improve image contrast and reduce chromatic aberration. Applied AS aspherical lens, SD ED lens can also improve the lens resolving power. Currently appearing on the market megapixels lens manual zoom lens is several times higher than the average price, plus the CMOS network camera itself some flaws in the data stream increases due to insufficient bandwidth, and storage on the problem, the current there is no way massive popularity megapixels. But megapixels system in the environmental conditions permit, the resulting image
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quality than analog indeed much higher image quality, video capture magnified image on the monitor is still clearly assist the public security department crime detection has a great potential. 5, the electric lens AF Auto Focus Technology AF, built-in microprocessor through the lens of the camera gives a composite video signal samples, contrast, image brightness conversion is given voltage, the focus motor drive scanning, the scanning process the highest voltage that the objectives focus point . After 1-3 seconds the search response time, you can achieve sharp focus. Autofocus lens is now more sophisticated applications, matching simulation with analog and network cameras and two output signals megapixels network camera can be achieved. Turned on simultaneously and the need to control PTZ zoom, focus ordinary monitor, the auto-focus lens PTZ direction can be achieved by simply turning a clear monitoring, surveillance distant target is also just pull large zoom buttons can be realized, which eliminates the cumbersome monitoring process, truly a heart monitor. 6, the lens wear dust Fog Wear dust through the fog is more popular in the security industry as recent monitoring requirements. Visible through the smoke or mist in the air, it will be blocked and can not be reflected through, so the human eye can only receive visible light can not see the smoke fog backdoor objects. The near-infrared light because a longer wavelength, can bypass the smoke and fog and penetrate in the past, and the camera's image sensor can sense this part of the near-infrared light, so they can use to implement this part of the light through the fog of dust wear monitoring. Optional lens technology three In the choice of lens, the following five factors to determine Lens Standard: (A) monitoring the size of the site; (2) the size of the subject; (3) the object distance; (4) focal length; (5) CCD target surface size. Before 4:00 by field measurements and calculations to determine the focal length of the lens standard, which is calculated as follows: u1 / 3 "CCD F = 4.8 L / W or F = 3.6 L / H u1 / 2 "CCD F = 6.4 L / W or F = 4.8 L / H
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Wherein, W is the width of the subject; H is the height of the subject; L of the lens to the distance between the subject; F is the lens focal length. Why then has the choice of lenses to consider the size of the CCD target surface it? Order from 1/3 "and 1/2" CCD camera to get the same angle, 1/3 "CCD camera lens focal length must be shortened; conversely if 1 / 3 "CCD with 1/2" CCD camera with the same focal length lens, circumstance how? 1/3 "CCD camera angles than 1/2" CCD camera significantly reduced, while 1/3 "CCD camera image on the monitor than 1/2 "CCD image magnification, produced using a long focal length lens effect. In addition, we also pay attention to the choice of lens such a principle: the small size of the target surface of the CCD target surface using large-size CCD camera lens, not vice versa. The reason is: If 1/2 "CCD camera with 1/3" lens, then the amount of light becomes smaller, the color will deteriorate even images will defect; contrary, the amount of light becomes large, the color will get better, the image effect certainly gets better. Of course, all things considered, the camera or choose their best match of the lens. Lens Installation FAQ Lens construction and installation techniques are not inscrutable, but in the construction process, due to various reasons, the lens construction and installation errors are common, so that the lens structure or circuit damage. So, these common problems are mainly what it contains? A lens Adapter Ring assembled in the wrong order Lens Adapter Ring assembly sequence is the engineering staff at the biggest blind spot on the lens mount, and the resulting direct consequence of damage to the lens. Since C and CS lens mount mating ring when there are applications, and many engineers are often connected with the first combination locking ring and the camera first and then, and then lock the lens into the mating ring, and some will be in the design of the lens A sliding structure to fit the camera back focus (Back Focus) adjustment or loose screws on the camera back focus adjustment mechanism; these adjustments required under the lens can be rotated on the mating ring or ring together with the mating drive in order to obtain the best focus point clear. But because the engineers assembled when sorting errors, making the mating ring deadlocked on the lens side. Thus, in the absence of auto back focus
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(ABF) function case, connected with loose ring, not only unable to rationally adjust back focus, or even due to pressure caused by improper lens thread wear or plastic material on the lens holder twisted thread broken. Second, the lens assembly did not take the gloves resulting coating damage In the lens assembly process, the most frequently occurring construction engineers fault that is not wearing gloves or protective coating causing damage. Part of the project due to lack of personnel to protect the lens (the lens cap fitted for installation) and the construction of optical components for precision equipment or facilities for the protection and care of consciousness, and thus often find that when assembled lens surface has its own fingerprint residues or other dirt. Seasoned engineering staff will fetch the appropriate chlorine dioxide and lens cloth to wipe or deerskin, however there are still some people out simple, choose clothes touch or improper paper towel, and its not only on the lens surface of the lens coating cause damage, but also hurt the video screen and the lens "vitality." Third, the lens protection cover is not installed in the left window to the appropriate spacing Installation of electric lens, most likely to be negligent is the lens protection cover is not installed in the left window to the appropriate spacing. After construction engineering staff to do the depth of field or focus adjustment, sometimes find that the screen actually can see the camera or lens cover to protect itself reflected images. At this point, even by manipulating the depth of field (ZOOM) or adjust the focus (FOCUS) still can not change the screen twist. Inexperienced engineers will mistakenly think that the camera itself is not adjusted, then the real protection for the lens hood in pitch caused by installation errors. Fourth, the lens without appropriate protection for assembly In the lens assembly process, most of the engineering staff will carefully assembled lens. Lens expensive, the slightest mistake caused damage to the lens, escape the blame. However, some engineers at the camera and lens assembly lax protection, and even choose the location on the site. In the absence of other preventive measures to protect padded case, can easily cause damage to the lens exterior, interior aperture shutter plates damaged or sand attached to the lens. Fifth, the auto iris lens connector assembly line welding error
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The efforts of the lens manufacturer, type of lens has been achieved mostly pre-processing lines and connectors, this way, similar to the errors caused by line welding lens servo motor burned exist. However, some electric supply or field lens protection cover because there are some flaws with so skilled engineers still need to understand and these subtle circuit wiring and welding technology. The author has found that in a project appear in all auto iris lens drive circuit shorted joint welding accident, which brings to the project applied for a great loss and cost consumption, as contractors have to prevent such problems.

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