Application Note

A Member of MISTRAS Holdings Group

103

10 00

10 0

10 (140)
1. 0 0 10

(130) 1

. DANGER - SHUTDOWN

DANGER - FAILURE NEAR

10

D IS (m PL ils AC pk E -p ME k) N T
0. 1 .0 10 AC

Machinery Fault Analysis Guide

(120) VELOCITY (in-pk/sec) (vdB) (110)

MINOR ROUGHNESS

POSSIBLE PROBLEM

IO AT ER s EL rm C g-

.1 (100)
NORMAL OPERATION

(90)

.01 FREQUENCY (RPM) 100 1000

MACHINERY TYPE

10000

100000
SERVICE FACTOR

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Locate machine rotational speed on bottom frequency scale 2. Record the velocity (in-pk/sec or vdB) OR displacement (mils pk-pk) OR acceleration (g-rms) reading and if applicable multiply the reading by the Service Factors listed to the right. Locate the adjusted reading on the appropriate scale on the chart above. 3. The intersection of 1. and 2. determines machine condition 4. See guide on reverse side for more troubleshooting information

1.0 Single Stage Centrifugal Pump, Electric Motors, Fans ................................ Non-critical Chemical Processing Equipment ............................................ 1.0 Turbine, Turbine Generator, Centrifugal Compressor ............................... 1.6 Centrifuge, Shaft suspended ..................................................................... 0.5 Centrifuge, Link suspended ....................................................................... 0.3 Miscellaneous Equipment with Unknown Characteristics ......................... 2.0

(Ref: "Monitor Acceleration Velocity or Displacement"; A.B. Kaufman; Instruments and Control Systems, October 1975)

195 Clarksville Road, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Phone: 609-716-4130 Fax: 609-716-0706 Email: sales@vibrametrics.com Internet: www.vibrametrics.com
Due to continuing improvement, Vibra-Metrics reserves the right to amend specifications without notice. Copyright 2003 MISTRAS Holdings Group. All Rights Reserved. Rev. 1/04

0. 01 1. 0 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1

Application Note
A Member of MISTRAS Holdings Group

103

Machinery Fault Analysis Guide

TYPE OF MACHINE OR DEVICE FREQUENCY OF DISTURBANCE PLANE OF VIBRATION OTHER RELATED SYMPTOMS POSSIBLE CAUSES INDICATED LEVEL FOR POSSIBLE TROUBLE (inpk/sec) .2 - .5 106 115 vdB .1 - .5 100 115 vdB Unsteady

NOTES

Rotating motors Generators Electric Motor Electric Motor

1X base RPM 7200 RPM Erratic

Radial Radial Axial Radial Depends on mounting form Usually axial Sometimes radial

Steady or increase with rotational speed Stops when power to motor cut Unsteady vibration reading Level may vary and exhibit beat characteristics

Rotor unbalance Armature lamination chatter Motor misalignment Interaction due to non-synchronous operation of two units very close in rotational frequency

Common problem: check dynamic balance of main motion Armature requires repair Check alignment and leveling

Rotating Two Or more units

Very low

Isolate or dampen sources

. 05 - .2 98 105 vdB

Couplings, Shafts and Bearings

2X base rpm sometimes 1X or 3X

Misaligned couplings or shaft bearings Random in nature: energy distributed over wide frequency range. May excite critical shaft resonance 1X or 2X RPM; may get hot

Check alignment tolerances. If shaft is bent, vibration will be at base speed

.2 - .5 106 115 vdB

Sleeve Bearings

50-100X RPM

Radial

Defective bearings, excessive friction

Replace

.05 - .2 98 105 vdB

Sleeve Bearings

base RPM

Radial

Disappears when speed drops

Oil whirl in lubricated bearings Friction whip; excessive friction rubbing or chatter in bearing excites armature or support Worn balls. Rough races. Poor lubrication. Chipped gear. Eccentric gear pitch circle. Belts misaligned, mismatched or in resonance. May be design or proximity problem

May be due to excessive clearance or insufficient bearing loads

.05 - .2 98 105 vdB

Sleeve Bearings

Armature resonance Sometimes high multiple of base RPM 1X RPM or number of teeth X RPM or gear ratio

Radial

Does not vary with speed Readings may be unsteady. Spikes indicate pitted balls. May excite structure resonance. Readings may be unsteady. Frequency will vary with speed.

Replace bearing or improve lubrication

.1 - .5 100 115 vdB .1 - .5 100 115 vdB erratic .1 - .5 109 115 vdB .1 - .5 98 110 vdB .1 - .5 98 110 vdB

Ball Bearings

Radial Radial or torsional Axial and radial Axial or radial

Check, lubricate or replace bearings Inspect gear, replace or correct eccentricity Check alignment, dampen vibration or replace belts Relocate, change blade distance, clean blades, check for imbalance

Gears

Belts Fans and Impellers

1 X base RPM 1 X base RPM or blade passing frequency

195 Clarksville Road, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 Phone: 609-716-4130 Fax: 609-716-0706 Email: sales@vibrametrics.com Internet: www.vibrametrics.com
Due to continuing improvement, Vibra-Metrics reserves the right to amend specifications without notice. Copyright 2003 MISTRAS Holdings Group. All Rights Reserved. Rev. 1/04