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A Novel Compact Dual-Wideband Microstrip Band-Pass Filter Using Stepped-Impedance Resonators and Defected Ground Structures
Omid Borazjani1, Mehdi Nosrati2 and Hossein Sahoolizadeh3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University (IAU) 1 Dashtestan Branch, 2Ilam Branch and 3Kangan Branch, Iran Tel: +989177728702; E-mail: omidborazjani@yahoo.com

Abstract-A novel compact topology is developed and introduced using a combination of -strip multi-mode resonator (MMR) and defected ground structures (DGS) to design a dual-wideband bandpass filters (BPF). The proposed structure is reported to consist of a pair of /4-transmission lines and a loaded MMR with two balanced spiralshaped high impedance transmission lines as well as a unit cell of DGS instead of the conventional /2 one. Here is shown that a high level of miniaturization (around 67%) can be realized in the size of these components using the proposed topology. The condition of the transmission zeroes is mathematically discussed as well and eventually, a compact dual-wideband BPF is designed, analyzed and tested where two transmission zeros at both the lower and upper stop-bands of each band guarantee a high level of suppression in the rejection bands with sharpness in skirts Index Terms- Multi-Mode Resonator (MMR), Defected Ground Structures (DGS), Dual-Band BPF.

I. INTRODUCTION In many communication systems, especially satellite and mobile ones, it is highly important to keep radio frequency components to a minimum size and weight, low insertion loss, high selectivity, and flat group delay within the passband. Recently, dual-band filters have become attractive components for wireless communication products at RF/microwave frequencies. In many situations where the second higher operational frequency is not a simple multiple of

the lower one, component realization by employing conventional transmission line technology may be difficult and this fact become much more difficult especially in the realizing of a dual-wideband BPF since, these components should be somehow designed to realize wideband pass-band, and on the other hand, they should provide dual-band behavior. This duality has made the design of these crucial components such complicated so that the designers had to use the complex technology or multi-layered ones [14]. Additionally, some dual-band BPFs have been designed and introduced by different techniques in several investigations: however, these structures generally realize narrow band-pass ones and still occupy a relatively large area on their substrates [5-6]. Moreover, several other techniques have been proposed to design such components provided dual-band behavior though with complicated technology including shortcircuited stubs [7-8]. One of the recent class of wide-band components named as multi-mode resonator (MMR) is the best candidates to realize wide-band structures [9-10]; where a dual-wideband BPF has been designed utilizing this resonator accompanied by complementary split ring resonator (CSRR); however, the bandwidth of the second band has been reported to be narrow. In this paper, a novel combination of a MMR with a unit cell of DGS is proposed to enhance the bandwidth of the first and second bands of these components. The developed structure is reported to consist of a pair of /4-transmission lines similar to the basic topology of these

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resonators as well as a loaded MMR block in combination with a unit cell of DGS instead of the conventional /2 one. Furthermore, a novel compact dual-wideband BPF is designed and fabricated on a 0.755-mmthick substrate with r = 2.56 based on this technique. The measured frequency response of the proposed filter confirms the simulated one. II. THE STRUCTURE OF THE PROPOES SIR The resonance frequencies of an SIR in Fig. 1 can be calculated by two different transcendental equations using odd-even modes analysis presented in [11]; however, here are mainly considered the transmission zeroes of the proposed model to realized dual-wideband BPF.

impedance of the filter; these poles are therefore calculated by equating the denominator of this equation. Assuming that the electrical lengths of two high and low-impedance lines of the proposed SIR given in Fig.1 are identical, thus the resonance frequency can be demonstrated as follows:

r = tan 1

K 2

(2)

Fig. 1. The proposed SIR to design dual-wideband BPF

Inspecting the proposed model shown in Fig.1, the geometry of the SIR is asymmetric and constructed by cascading a high-impedance section with a low impedance one where the input admittance of this MMR is calculated as follows:

in

= jY 1

2 K tan ( 2 ) + tan ( 1 ) K 2 tan ( 2 ) tan ( 1 )

(1)

Where parameter K is the impedance ratio defined as Z1/Z2. Referring to the conventional stepped-impedance resonators, all of them have no the factors 2 in their input admittance where it can be demonstrated that it plays a crucial role to further suppress the higher harmonics as well as to further reduce the overall size of these components. It is well known that the poles of equation (1) are the zeroes of the insertion

The necessary conditions to suppress the higher harmonics and other correlations among the parameters have been presented in [11]; however, a simple comparison between (2) and its counterpart in the conventional SIRs reveals that the proposed SIR provides several degrees of freedom in the design of these components, for example and demonstrated in several papers, the more the parameters K is reduced, the performance of the components is improved in eliminating of the harmonies, on the other hands, since, Typically, only an impedance of 20120 can be realized using the microstrip fabrication process, so the range of K is limited; however, the equation (2) obviates these limitations to some extents, for example, if there is a need to K be a value equal to 0.2 and this requirement is established by a 130-ohm line for an example application, the desired conventional K=0.2 can be chosen to be 0.4 where a transmission line 100-ohm is needed to realize this parameter, since this K is divided by 2 according to (2). Another parameter, considered in the previous studies, is the ratio length of the two low/highimpedance lines of the proposed structure playing a crucial role in suppressing the undesired higher harmonics as well as further reducing the overall size of such components where is defined as follows:

1 1 + 2

(3)

Where 1 and 2 are the lengths of the low and high-impedance lines, indicated in Fig.1, respectively that this ratio is properly chosen to optimize the performance of the filter.

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III. THE PROPOSED TOPOLOGY FOR THE

DUAL-WIDEBAND BPF

unit cell of DGS (c) the equivalent circuit of layout of (b)

As demonstrated in [10], a dual-wideband BPF can be designed by a combination of a MMR and a unit cell of CSRR; however, the bandwidth of the second band has been reported to be narrow. In this paper, another combination of this MMR is proposed by a unit cell of DGS where is demonstrated that this novel structure enhance the relative bandwidth of these wide-band components. Similar to [10], a capacitive coupling structure is initially established by bending the high-impedance section of the proposed SIR and then it is combined by a unit cell of DGS provided in Fig.2 (a). The equivalent circuit of the unit cell of DGS in combination of the proposed MMR can be derived using the investigation presented in [12] as provided in Fig. 2 (b) and (c).

As indicated, the combination of DGS with the capacitive coupling of the proposed MMR provides the equivalent circuit given in Fig.2 (c) where it realizes a dual-wideband BPF with wider bandwidth and considerable suppression in the stop-band of the proposed filter. IV. SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT According to the given, structure, a novel dualwideband BPF is designed and developed in this section. The design procedure of this filter is very clear where the developed structure of loaded MMR is combined with two coupled transmission lines as feeding lines. The characteristic impedances of the low and highimpedance lines are initially chosen based on the discussion provided in [9] and [10] where the effects of these parameters have been fully presented in these investigations. It has been demonstrated that the electrical length of the input coupled lines should be chosen to be /4 for the given center frequency; however, as given in (3), the length ratio of the low and highimpedance -strip lines provides a open scope to better design as well as to further tune the overall performance of the filter. Following is presented the simulated frequency responses of the proposed dual-wideband BPF for several different values of this parameter. As defined in equation (3), this parameter is varied from 0.15 to 0.3 with a step of 0.5 where 1 is varied from 26.7 to 57.44 with a step of 10 by remaining other parameters constant. Fig.3 presents the frequency response of the proposed dualwideband BPF for different values of .

(a)

(b)

(c)
Fig. 2. (a) The diagram schematic of the proposed model of MMR in combination of a unit cell of DGS (b) the layout of capacitive coupling of MMR with a

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Following, a fine tuning process is carried out with an EM simulation tool (ADS software) to optimize the dimensions of the proposed BPF given in the beneath of Fig.4 for the -strip section as well as DGS one. To demonstrate the priority of this topology in balancing the two bandwidths of the filter, a comparison between the performance of this proposed BPF and that of the conventional one is established given in Fig.5.

Fig.3. The simulated frequency response of the proposed dual-wideband BPF for different values of

Inspecting the performance of this filter, indicated in Fig.3, reveals that =0.3 is a better value for the ratio of electrical lengths of the low and high-impedance transmission lines. One may chose this parameters for the higher values for example =0.6 where it directly deteriorate the return loss and increase the undesired harmonics out of the pass-band. Considering these results as well as the complementary results of different values for characteristic impedance of the transmission lines, the given layout in Fig.4 is considered for the design of a dual-wideband BPF.

Fig.5. A comparison between the frequency responses of the proposed (dashed lines) and the conventional (solid lines) dual-wideband BPFs

Fig.4 The diagram schematic of the proposed dualwideband BPF with optimized parameters : L = 2.3 mm, L1 = 8.44 mm, L2 = 1.23 mm, L3 = 5.9 mm, L4 = 13 mm, L5 = 4 mm, L6 = 0.8 mm, S = 0.3 mm, S1 = 0.1 mm, S2 = 2.3 mm, W = 1.8 mm, W1 = W2 = 0.2 mm, W3 = 0.9 mm, W4 = 0.1 mm, for -strip section and Lg = 5.4 mm and Wg = 1 mm for the DGS.

As stated in [10] and observing the simulated performances of the both conventional and the proposed ones, the simulated 3-dB bandwidths of 83.99% (from 3428 MHz to 8199 MHz) with central frequency of 5680 MHz and 25.75 %( from 15090 MHz to 19550 MHz) with central frequency of 17320 MHZ are reported respectively in comparison with those of the conventional one as central frequencies are 6 and 18.1 GHz with 3-dB bandwidths of 75.83% (from 3.62 GHz to 8.17 GHz) and 15.47 %( from 16.6 GHz to 19.4 GHz) , respectively. According to the given specifications, a novel dual-wideband BPF is designed and fabrication on a 0.755-mm-thick substrate with r = 2.56 based on this technique. The scattering parameters of the proposed dualwideband BPF are measured by an Agilent 8722ES network analyzer over the frequency

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range from 1 to 25 GHz where Fig.6 presents a comparison between the measured and theoretical these parameters. Measured central frequencies are reported to be 5.68 GHz and 17.32 GHz with 3-dB bandwidths of around 83% and 25 %, respectively. Notably, the bandwidth of the first band of the proposed BPF is much wider than that of the conventional ones designed using multi-mode resonators presented in [9] as wide single band BPF as well as the dual-band one proposed in [6-8] and [10]. Additionally, the proposed dual-wideband BPF occupies an active circuit area around 8.9 21.14 mm2 on its substrate in and 24 24 mm2, where a size reduction is realized around 67%.

(b) Fig.6. (a) A digital photograph of the proposed filter (b) A comparison between the measured (dashed lines) and simulated (solid lines) frequency responses of the proposed dual-wideband BPFs

V. CONCLUSION A novel miniaturized structure has been developed and introduced using a combination of -strip multi-mode resonator (MMR) and defected ground structures (DGS) to design a dual-wideband band-pass filters (BPF). The proposed structure has been reported to consist of a pair of /4-transmission lines and a loaded MMR with two balanced spiral-shaped high impedance transmission lines as well as a unit cell of DGS instead of the conventional /2 one. It has been demonstrated that a high level of miniaturization (67%) can be realized in the size of these components using the proposed topology. The condition of the transmission zeroes has been studied as well and eventually, a compact dual-wideband BPF has been designed, analyzed and tested where two transmission zeros at both the lower and upper stop-bands of each band have demonstrated a high level of

(a)

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suppression in the rejection bands with sharpness in skirts. .

[9] M. Nosrati and M. Mirzaee, Compact wideband microstrip bandpass filter using quasi-spiral loaded multiple-mode resonator, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon Lett., Vol. 20, pp.607-609, Nov. 2010. [10] M. Nosrat and M. Daneshmand, A novel compact

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