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Placental passage
Passive diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport against a concentration gradient
Molecular size
Example: Heparin / Fragmin (dalteparin) Protein binding
Degree of ionization
Foetal plasma slightly more acidic ion trapping of basic drugs
Time
Of importance for monitoring drugs where total plasma concentration is measured (phenytoin, valproate)
N-acetyltransferase
NAT
60 %
15 %
Most important
Relation between the Level of Exposure of an Infant to a Drug Excreted in Breast Milk and the Rate of Clearance of the Drug by the Infant, According to the Ratio of the Drug Concentration in the Milk to the Drug Concentration in Maternal Plasma