Multiple Continuous Beams - Beams - Materials - Engineering Referen... 1.

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Engineering Materials Beams

Multiple Continuous Beams

The deflection of Continuous Beams with more than one span.

Continuous Beams
When a Beam is carried on three or more supports it is said to be Continuous. It is possible to use an extension of the Moment-Area method ( See "Bending of Beams Part 3") to obtain a relationship between the Bending Moments at three points (Usually Supports.) On the drawing the areas spans and and are the Free Bending Moment areas obtained by treating the Beam as over two separate , and . Then a Fixing Moment diagram consisting

Contents 1. Continuous Beams 2. Clapeyron's Equation Or The Equation Of Three Moments 3. Beams With More Than Two Spans. 4. Page Comments

. If the actual Bending Moments at these points are

of two trapezia can be introduced and the actual Bending Moment will be the Algebraic sum of the two diagrams. In the lower figure the Elastic Line of the deflected Beam is shown.
A beam is a horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.

The deflections

and

are measure relative to the left hand support and are positive upwards. and are the intercepts for and

is the slope of the beam

over the central support and

Note. This assumes that the slopes everywhere are small.

Note that

is a negative intercept.

The above equation can be written as:

(2) If

(3) If the supports are at the same level:

(4) If the Ends are Simply Supported then

(5)

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Clapeyron's Equation Or The Equation Of Three Moments

Equation (2) is the most general form of The Equation of Three Moments. Equations (3) (4) and (5) are simplifications to meet particular needs. Of these Equation (4) is the form most frequently required.
Span is the distance between two intermediate supports for a structure, e.g. a beam or a bridge.

Example - Example 1
Problem

A Beam Ad 60 ft. long rests on supports at a load of 2 tons acts at

, and

which are at the same level.

and

[imperial] and

Example:

The loading is 1 ton/ft. throughout and in addition a concentrated load of 5 tons acts at the mid-point of

Draw the Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams.

Workings

Applying Equation (3) to the span

The Bending Moment at mid-point of

The Bending Moment at the mid-point of

To find the reactions at the supports: for for

And

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By difference,

From the Shear Force diagram it can be seen that the maximum Bending Moment occurs either at a distance of 13.5 ft. from where:

Or at a distance of 10.5 ft. from

where:

The combined Bending Moment diagram is shown at the bottom of the sketch.

Beams With More Than Two Spans.

Where a Beam extends over more than three Supports the Equation of Three Moments is applied to each group of three in turns. In general if there are Supports there will be unknown Bending Moments ( excluding the Ends) and equations to solve simultaneously.
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