Dream and Truth-Part I

subin nig karBit PaK 1-
Rves et ralits Tome 1
vanDI kaGun
Vandy Kaonn
subin nig karBit

PaK 1
RbeTskmCa ; 18631863-1992
BI sm&yGaNaniKmcas
mksm&y GaNaniKmzI
CAMBODGE : rves et ralits

Tome I
smaKm kmCa_GasIu qaM 2012
(Association Cambodge-Asie France - 2012)

rkSasiTi RKbEbbyag
CMBUk 3 ; karpSaM GarZm(Exr CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg

- rCkalhg sIusuvti
matika
qaM 1925 - TidPaBxH> nGPiRkmTMenIbkm -sPaBkarNRbeTskmCa
enAkgrCkalhg munIvgS - kareZVITMenIbkm enAkgraChg neratm hg
-matika.. 3
sIusuvti nig hgmunIvgS - kareLIgesayraCelIkTI 1 enAqaM 1941 n
-Garmkza . ..7
RBH:Tneratm sIhnu - eqaHeTArkkarTamTarkraC nig karkekIteLIg
-lMnaMedIm .22
-
n KNbkSRbCaZibety- BI rbbraCaniymeTvraC eTArbb raCaniym
etCanuPaB nig karcuHdundab n cRkPBExr ... 39
GaRs&yrdZmnuJ - vasna n KNbkSRbCaZibetynig clnasSr;
Grandeur et dcadence de lEmpire khmer

CMBUk 1 ;
Exr _ vibtirdaPi:l enAcenaHqaM 1948-1950 _karkekIteLIg nGk
munsm&y GaNaBa:l:raMg
- BIetCanuPaB mkPaBdundab _ er]geRBgTakTgnwg karkekIt n raCa
NacRkExr _ sm&yGg<r _ karQanJn rbses[menAJkkNal
nig cugstvtSr TI 14 enAedImstvtSr TI 15 nig cugstvtSr TI 16
bdivtn BuTsasna enAstvtSrTI 14- esc kn _ stvtSr TI 17
nig TI 18 _ karRbTajRbTg rvages[m nigyYn _ eRT]g mij yag
RtYtRtaRsukExr
-
TMen[mTmabExr nig GPiRkmTMenIbkm ... 89

Moeurs et coutumes khmres et processus
de modernisation
CMBUk 2 ;
vtman :raMg enARsukExr
- rCkal hgneratm - clnabHe:r RbqaMg nwg :raMg -
RbCaZibetyExrCMnanqaM 1950-1960
-
karEsVg rktulPaB d*Bi:k rvag RbBNI
nig PaBsm&yTMenIb ... 169
Equilibrage difficile entre tradition et modernit
CMBUk 4 : eqaHeTArk
rbb
KNbkSEtmYy
- RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg munraCbUCnIykicedIm|IkraC rbsRBH
:Tneratm sIhnu - RBHraCbUCnIykic edIm|I kraCExr rbs RBH:T

neratm sIhnu - RBHraCbUCnIykic TamTarkraC dMNakkarTI 2 rbs
RBH:T neratm sIhnu-kMENnkmaMgRbCaCatiTaMgmUl enAz 28 mizunaqaM

kubkmTUTaMg
RbeTs -RBHGg<mas yuKnr

-
(1904-1927 ) _ RBwtikarN z 18 emsa
TMenIbkm
km ; bdivaTkm rvag vb|Zm( BIr . 121
1953 - snisIT TIRkughSWENvqaM 1954 - briyakas nsnisITTIRkug

hSWENv qaM 1954
- dMeNIreqaHeTArkPaBrNb
HeTArkPaBrNb nwg GaNaniKmniymzI... 193
Dans lorbite du nouveau colonialisme
Modernisation : conflit de deux cultures

3
CMBUk 5 ;
- RBwtikarN z 18 minaqaM 1970 - sPaBkarNRbeTskmCaeRkay
RsukExrZakkgGnak elakkumynis
- neya:yenAkgRbeTskmCa eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSWENv - RBwti

karN sMxan> enAqaM 1955 _ KeRmagkar Ek rdZmnuJExr - kare:H
eqatsPa ExkJa
qaM 1955 _ clna
sg<mraRsniym nig clna
Exrkumynis karEkTRmg sab&n neya:y tamry; karRbkas oeRbI

nItiRkm cuHz 15ZqaM 1956 -sg<mraRsniym ; karRbTajRbTg rvag
ninakarsaMGPirkS nig ninakareqVg - bJaGBaRkwtPaBExr
- karbunbg
vayrMlM rbb semcneratm sIhnu enAqaM 1959 -sPaBkarN
neya
:yenAqaM 1960 _ bJaEtgtaMg semcneratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd

RbeTskmCa enAqaM 1960 - tulPaB d*Bi:k rvag clna
kumynis
nig clnaExresrI _ karpacCMnYyeyaZa nig esdkic shrd Gaemrik
enAqaM 1963 - esdkic RbeTskmCasm&y sg<mraRsniym - bJa
GBaRkwtPaB nig bUrNPaBEdndIExr enAqaM 1964 - TIbJb n GBa
RkwtPaB rbs RbeTskmCa enA qaM 1965 _ C&yCMnH rbs GkGPirkS
enAkgkare:HeqatsPa qaM 1966 _ karbHe:r enAsmt enAz 2 emsa

qaM 1967
- kareRCIserIs d* Bi:k rbs semc neratm sIhnu
elakkumynis nig
elakesrI -
rvag
rdaPi:l eRsacRsgCati - smTi
sMxan> n rbb sg<mraRsniym - karvivtneqaHeTArk RBwtikarN z

18 minaqaM 1970 - mha:tukm na z 11 nig 16 minaqaM 1970
-bdivtn
rbs GkGPirkS 271
karTmaksemcneratm sIhnu _ karRbkas rbb saZarNrdExr enA
z 9 tulaqaM 1970 - karkekIteLIg nrbb saZarNrdExr -
1973 ; shrd Gaemrik e:Hbg saZarNrdExe ecal - kareRbHqa
n rbb saZarNrdExr - eqaHeTArkkarrlMrlay n rbb saZarN

rdExr - sPaBkarN enARbeTskmCa munz 17 emsaqaM 1975 -
-bdivtn
EdlKanRbCaCnKaMRT .. 301
Une rvolution sans soutien populaire

CMBUk 7 ;
karkemcvb|Zm(mYy edIm|Iyk
menaKmviCa mYy mkCMnYs
- RBwtikarN z 17 emsaqaM 1975 - Gakb|kiriya rbs BYkExrRkhm
-rbb
kmCaRbCaZibety - karkekIteLIg n rbb ExrRkhm - cl
na kumynisExr BIqaM 1957 mkqaM 1969_karERbkay BI

kmCa eTACa
bkSkumyniskmCa -
ExrRkhm - karERbeQaH BI
bkSkumy
nis kmCa - karkekIteLIg n kgRbdabGavuZExrRkhm enAcugqaM 1967
kalRbvti segb ....354

escEdlRKgraC enARsukExr.....401
KnnieT
...... 415
Ts
ecjminrYcBI rcnasm&ncas
bkSBlkr
karvayrMlMvb|Zm(Exreday rbb
bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa mkCa
La Rvolution des conservateurs

CMBUk 6 ;
qaM
reb[brsenA BIdUnta rbseK EdleKcatTukza Ca GtsjaN (identit) Ca
GtiPaB
(entit) n RbCaCatimYy. enAkgsg<mxHeT[t GkecHdwgEdlyl
za karvivtn CakarcaM:c EbrCa min:ner[bcM karvivtn enaH o:neRCAenAkg
Garmkza
subin nig karBit CakarsikSa ehtupl n RBwtikarNsMxan> TaMg
vb|Zm(Cati rbs eKeTAvij ehIy RbjabRbjaleZVIbdivtn
(karvivtn xaMg)
Etmg CaehtunaMmk nUv karRbTajRbTg nig Rbtikm BIsMNakGkGPirkS nig
RkumRbCaCn EdlGkRbePTcugeRkayenH eZVIGVIRKbEbbyag edIm|I pac oecj

put BI crn viTasaRs nig TsSnviCazI> Edl:nnaMBiPBelak mkdlcMNuc
mYyKankarvilvij. tamZmta karvivtn kI bdivtn kI minEmn suTEtnaMmk nUv
LayEdlekItmaneLIg enARbeTskmCa taMgBIedImstvtSr TI 19 mkTl
PaBmenarm nUvsuRkwtPaB n karrsenA suPmg<l TaMgGsenaHeT buEn
dMeNIr rbs BiPBelak karRbECgkmaMgenAkgtMbnbueNaHeT Etmankta
d*ZMEdr . yagNamij sg<mExr Casg<mEdlman GriyZm( ruger]g taMgBIyUr
sg<mmYyCakMNt. kgcMeNam ktacugeRkayenH man ktamag EdlCMruj
CakarZmtaeT buEn karBMuyl BIdMNakkar nImYy> n karvivtn nig BI mUl
niwg sBVzenH. karvivtn nRBwtikarNenAkgsg<mmYyminRtwmEtTakTg nwg

xagkgepSg>eT[t EdlkekIteLIg enAkg bribTvb|Zm( nig RbvtisaRs n
o
RBwtikarNcm|g mYy ecjCarUbrageLIg. eyIgkMNtehA ktaenaH za
ktabehtu
(catalyseur). ktabehtuenH eTaHminsUvsMxanbunankI k*Ca
ehtu EdlbegI,toman RBwtikarNcm|genaH edaypalPam> mYyrMeBcEdr.
rIrUbPaB n
RBwtikarNcm|g enaH KW GaRs&yeTAtambc&ybdicsmub|aT
karminRBmvivteTAtamRkwtRkmstanum&t
(loi objective) k*CaeRKaHzakmYy
NasmkehIy> ExrRKbrUb EtgmanemaTnPaB nwg GtItkalrbsxn . enH

danBitR:kd n karGPivDn k*gay nwgeZVIoman karylq<aMq<gEdr. cRkPB
Exr cabepImcuHdundabtaMgBIsm&yescRnvr&nTI 3 mk (1295_1308) ehIy
CaBiess taMgBIes[mvayykbnaylEgVk:n enAcugstvtSr TI16 (1594)

ehIyeRkaymk RtUvyYnvayluk cUlRtYtRta swgEtputBUC rlt rlayCati.
rbsvapal . karvivtn nvb|Zm( nig karERbRbYlsanPaB sg<m_esdkic
Exr :neZVIkarts)U yagssVitsVaj buEn TbTlmin:n nwg karEbk kPaB
mYycMnYn
cMENk mkBI karjHjg BIsMNakRbeTs EdlmanmhictaelbTwkdIExr
nsg<mmYy k*CaktasMxan nkarkekIteLIg n :tuPUtepSg> xusRbRktI
(une srie de phnomnes atypiques) EdlekItmanenAkgsg<m
enaHEdr. sg<mkMBugGPivDxH nig sg<mlUtlasEdlcuHexSayedayRbkar
Cati (dUcCa CarRbyuTKa deNIm raCsm|tiCaedIm) . behtuenH bNalmYy

k* mkBI karelaPln rbs GkEdl BMuman sjaN neya:y c|aslas
epSg> EtgEt mankarBi:k nwg sRmbxn tamsPaBkarN BiPBelak .
(karkabbMpaj kMEpg#sSI bnaylEgVk) . behtuenH GacmanrUbPaBepSg>
enAkgkrNIEbbenH RbCaCati shKmnenaH EtgEt:rm xac:tbg nUv
eT[t
dUcCa lkN;minc|aslas n sab&nRKbRKg CaedIm (kgVHc|abmYy
d* twgEtgsIBI karsgraCCaGaT) . behtuenaH k*GacCa kmaMgbg,b
(forces
sous-jacentes) EdlbNalmkBIkarRbECg karvivaTKa rvagGkdeNImTiBl
Qasv rbselak etg s)av BIig :nBRgwgmUldanrIkceRmInenH :nvij enA
qaM 1979 KW mUldanEdlExr :n:tbg enAqaM 1975 eRJHEt Gkneya
KaenApvaMgEdr. edayxVHksarsIBI er]gravTaMgenH x\MminGacniyay BI bJaa
:yExrxH nig GkbdivtdacxatmYYycMnYn :nCMruj oe:Hbgecal enAkg
carTuk nigBI elakGatedma LWEkr nig RbPBGkRsavRCav breTs mYycMnYn.
RBwtikarN Edlx\M ykmk viPaK kges[vePA enH KWCa karqHbgajo
enH:neLIy eRkABIBt(manxHEdl:nmk BIsaRsaswkrwtnana EdlkvIExe:n

TahrN ; TMnas rvag esc neratm nig Gg< sIuvta CaRBHGnuC
sm&y elak emA es Tug.
(sUmGan
eXIj tamry;RBwtikarN RbvtisaRs lMGit nUv karrGakrGYl EdlRbeTs
Xunhgkn nigRsIsuKbT RBmTaMgRBwtikarNRbvtisaRsExrsm&yqaM 1950_
buEnedIm|IylBI karvivtn n sg<mExr o:nc|as x\M k*elIkeLIgpgEdr BI
bEnmes[vePA RbvtisaRsExr PaK 1 rbs x\M RtgTMB&r 27) TMnas rvag
1970. sUmbJakza RbePT n behtuEdlx\M:nelIkeLIgxagelIenH RKan

EtCa karsnidanbueNaH. muneBl:raMg cUlmkeZVIGaNaBa:l
(dUcesckI
bgR:za rbsRBH:TGg<dYg) RsukExr:kEbkrcnasm&nsg<m excxaMGseTA

ehIy
rbs
(sUmGanbEnm Notes cambodgiennes Au coeur du Pays Khmer
Dr A.Pannetier, Paris Payot, 1921 et Editions Cedoreck, Paris,
1983) . eBlenaH RbCaCnExrmanRtwmmYy lan 5 Esn nak bueNaH ebItam
elak eGECn GmUej
(Etienne Aymonnier, Le Cambodge, 3 volumes,
kmCa :nTTYlrgeRKaH edayRbkarepSg> enAkgGPiRkmTMenIbkm rbs xn.

dMeNIrTaMgmUl nRbvtisaRsExr EtmgenAkgCMBUkTI 1 EdlmancMNgeCIg za
etCanuPaB nig karcuHdundab n cRkPBExr Grandeur et dcadence de
lEmpire khmer . tamTMB&rRbvtisaRs rbsxn taMgBI sm&y hV)Nn_ ecn_
LamkTleBlbcb|n RsukExr:nTTYlTiBlvb|Zm(breTseRcIn
(RBhJ
sasna, BuTsasna mhayan, BuTsasnaezrvaT, vb|Zm(:raMg). TiBl

vb|Zm(TaMgenH :ncUllayLMCamYy sjaNedIm rbsExr dUcCa CMen]Gark
Gkta
(animisme) karbkRsay tzPaB BiPBelak eTAtam cknimit RbCa
Paris 1900) . RbvtiviTUxH kMNtcMnYnenH kgcenaH 900000 nak nwg 1
RbiyepSg>
Tmn dlGZibetynigTMen[mTmabExr CaehtunaMoman karbHe:rkgRbeTs.
TakTg nwg karbHe:r rbs esc kn EdlbNal mkBI CMen]eTAelI
mYypgEdr. buEn eRkaymk ExrRkhm :nkMeTc mUldanenH ecalGsKan
TanekItmanenAeLIy :nkayeTACakarBit). rIkarBitenaH KW sRg<ampkg
nigTMenIbkm rbsxn
RtUvPab CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg
lan 5 Esnnak). :raMgEdlmkeZVITMenIbkmenARsukExr :neZVIobHJl Ca

TnwmenaHGsry;eBl 90 qaM BYkeKk*:nplmkoExr nUvmUldanTMenIbkm
sl. taMgBIeBlenaHmk Exr:tbg nUv mUldanzImYyeT[t n karrIkceRmIn
(mUldandMbUgbgs KWenAstvtSr TI 1 bnabmk enA
stvtSr TI 5 nigTI 9 eJlKW sm&yGg<r) . RbeTscin edaysarkar

9
(reprsentations collectives, visions populaires) CaedIm k*
GacBnlehtupl n RBwtikarN neya:y mYycMnYnEdr dUcCa RBwtikarN

karylsbi nig karbkRsaysubin eTAtam buernic&yCaedIm
(KWer]gEdlmin
mYyd*ZM EdlekIteLIgenAkgnKrTaMgmUl. eBl:raMgcUlRsuk vb|Zm(Exr :n
(edImkMeNIt n
bJvn Exrsm&yTMenIb) .
eBl:n kraCenAqaM 1953 KW GkTaMgenHehIy EdlCa Gkbnevn CMruj

10
sg<mExr eqaHeTArk vDnPaB. buEn CaGkusl eK:nEbkKa CaBIrRkum ?
EdleKRKbRKgenaH k*nwgRtUvRbeTsCitxag RbmazemIlgayEdr. RbeTsGac
vb|Zm(ExrEdlpSMCamYyvb|Zm(:raMg n vN;KhbtI
BicarNa kgkarCMrujsg<m omanGVIsBVEbbyag dUcRbeTsnana .
mageTArkkareC]nel]n tamEbbkumynis ehIy mageT[t bnRbBNI n
(influence de la tra-
dition bourgeoise franaise). eBlkumynisGsTiBl Exr k* vilmkrk
vb|Zm(ExrEdlpSM CamYy vb|Zm( :raMgvij buEn KW RCuleBlGseTAehIy
xaMg:n luHNaEtmanGkR:C\ KW GkEdlman esrIPaBRKbRKan kgkarKit

esateT KW RtUvrNbeKrhUt .
ebIBMuenaH
enAkges[vePA RbvtisaRs n RbeTs kmCa TaMg 3 PaK Edlx\M :n
eRJH bul Bt :nvaykMeTcGsKanTukoslGVIbnicbnceLIy. sUm|I Et
sresr kalBIqaM 2005 x\M:ner[brab RBwtikarN TaMgenaH mgrYcmkehIy
catTukzaCa emeraK n TiBlminlcMeJHExrRKbrUbEdr. ExrEdlecHPasa
kalenaH eKaledArbsxM\ KWRKanEteZVIyagNa RbmUl RBwtikarN sMxan> o
Jk:raMg GgeKsmYymat eJlKW Pasa rbs BYkEs|ks k* RtUv
TaMgenH ehIyEdlenAsl BI karkabsmab enAeRkamrbb bul Bt k* :n

RtUvrbbeRkay>mkeT[t
bgabbegan
edIm|IoExr:tbgmUldancas
ecal
CasaBr. eKcgbeg,ItmUldanvb|Zm(mYyzIeT[t eJlKW vb|Zm(mag Edl

RbeTsenAGasIuxH
:nykvb|Zm(
rbseK
er[g>xn
eTApSMCamYybeckviCa
bsimRbeTs rYcykmkoExrvijdEdl edaydkhUt EtesrIPaB n karKit
(libert de pense) nig esrIPaB eZVIneya:yEtbueNaH. eK BMueC]za KW
esrIPaBenaHehIy EdlCamUldan n karrIkceRmIn EpkTsSnviCa nig viTa

saRs. eKePcKitza eRJHEteK:nRcanecalesrIPaBenaH kal BIsm&y mun
(dUcCa kareZVI:bGkR:C\ EdlminRBm yltameK dUckal CMnan h,alIeL
buEn BMu:nniyayBI ehtuplEdlCaktaEdlnaMoman RBwtikarNTaMgenaHeT .

:nsinEtbueNaH bnabmkeZVIkarp<rp<gksar nig skIkmepSg> edIm|IbJak
BIlkN;stanum&t n RBwtikarNnImYy>. enAkges[vePA subin nig karBit

enH x\Msakl|g ykRBwtikarN TaMgenaH mkviPaK tamEbbbT sg<msaRs
eJlKW TMnakTMng rvag rcnasm&n vb|Zm( nig RBwtikarN neya:y. RBwti

karN neya:y nImYy> ekIteLIg enAkgbribT n sm&ykalRbvtisaRs
rbsva k*BitEmn buEn eKk*minGackatpac RBwtikarNenaH ecjBI vb|Zm( nig
BIcit KMnit rbs RbCaCn rbs GkdwknaM EdlCaGkbeg,It Ca GkEdlbk

RsayRBwtikarNnana enA sm&ykal rbseK eTAtam GarmNrYm
(smUh
rmN) Edr . cMeJH sjaN sIBI kartMNag nig dwknaM RbCaCati enH man
CaedIm) :nCaeK:nZakxnmkdlPaBRTwgenAmYykEng) Gsry;eBl d* yUr
krNICaeRcIn xus> BIKa . RbCaCatixH RtUvdwknaMedayRbCaCn Edlman sTi
k*BitEmn buEn eK:nQaneTAdl snHmYy d*xaMg ehIy yagqabrh&s
seRmcepSg> . RbCaCatixHeT[t :nRtUv buK<lmak hYgEhg yk siTienH
n karRbqaMg d*eqatlg nwg sTiesrIPaB rbs buK<l. esrIPaB kgkarKit
enH RbCaCatiTaMgmUlCacMNab
TRmaMM:ndwg
(marasme intellectuel). RbeTsxHeZVIkarpSaMEbbenH eRkayExr
eRJHEteK:ndk bTBiesaZn TaneBlevla ehIy ylBIlkN;GviCman
BicarNa EtgEteZVIordGMNacreg<aHreg<I buEnebImineZVIBlikmxH eTenaH RbeTs

11
esrIPaB RKbRKan
(RbeTsEdlkanlTiRbCaZibety) edIm|I Garkat esckI
sRmabEtmakg ehIyenAkgry;eBl d*yUrGEgVg . enAkgkrNI cugeRkay
(tage) rbs mnusSmak Edl:n bnyk
rdGMNac yk nKr:l nig eyaZa eZVICabkrN sRmab beRmI RbeyaCn

12
rbs bkSBYk nig RkumRKYsarxn . cMeJH kardackPaB rvag RbCaCn rvag

GkecHdwg nig GkkanGMNac
mYyCakMNt eJlKW rcnasm&n n bkrN EdleKehAza
shkal
(rupture du consensus populaire ou identifi-
(synchronie) tRmUvoeKs<alRbvti nbkrNnImYy> o:nc|as . kta
cation dun homme fort une nation) eKBMuGacniyay BI RbCaCati:neT.
Edlman#sKl enAkg GtItkal CaktasMxan buEn BMueZVI GMeBIedaypal
ehIy pSgvasna EteTAtam buK<lenaH . dUecH RbCaCati nig rdTaMgmUl Kw
kgshkal
eTaHCayagNakI RbCaCatiTaMgmUl :nRtUvbRgmmkRtwm buK<lmak bueNaH

mnusSEtmak. eRkABIenaH KWmanEtTaskr nig GksIuQl
EtbueNaH. TsSnviTUeRkk eDmURKIt
(les mercenaires)
(Dmocrite) :nniyaydUecHza? vasna
rbs mnusSmak KWCa karkMNt n crit rbs eK
( Cest le caractre de
TAelIRBwtkarNeT. eTaHCayagenHkI k*va Ca#s n RBwtikarNEdr. kta enA
(synchronie) CaktakMNtpal n karEsgecjeLIg n RBwti
karN. sMeyaK rbsva enAkgxN;mYyCakMNt k*GacCa ktakMNt n

RBwtikarNenaHEdr.
beg,Itedaypal
RBwtikarNxH
enAkgdMNakkarEtmYy
k*GacCaRbtikr
(catalyseur) nUv RBwtikarN EdleyIgykmksikSaenaHEdr.
lhomme qui fait son destin) . yagNamij ebImnusSenaH Ca GkdwknaM
shkal Ca sMeyaKmYy d*ZMTUlay EdlRKbdNb RBwtikarN TaMgLay
plitpl n vb|Zm(mYy EdlenARTwgmYykEng EdlRtUvraMgsH minvivt eday
bcb|nkal kgGtItkalkI . buEneKk*RtUvecHEbgEckdMNakkar sm&y
packarenaH k* RtUv rlMrlayeTAvijEdr.
sMxan n karviPaK sg<msaRs KWw karsMKal nUv :tuPUtBiess
packar KW RbCaCatiTaMgmUl EdlCa GkTTYlrgeRKaH . GMNacpackar Ca

RbkarepSg> EtebIvb|Zm( man karvivtn tamdMeNIr rbs BiPBelak rbb
enAkgsklelak enAkgeBlmYyCakMNt eTaHenAkgrcnasm&nNamYy enA

kalnImYy> pgEdr .
(dlimitation dune structure synchronique). kickar
(phno-
RBwtikarN nImYy> suTEtman ktakMNt buEn ktaTaMgenaH maneRcIn
mnes spcifiques) n sg<mEdleKsikSa . eKehA :tuPUtenaHza :tuPUt
#sKlrbsva taMgBIyUrmkehIy dUcenH eKRtUvBiBN(nadMNakkarsMxan>
kgsg<mmYy man #sKl rbs va enAkgsg<m enaH KW rcnasm&nsg<m-
EdleKsikSaenaH ekItmaneLIg . karecjrUbrag n RBwtkarNmYy enAkg
cUlciteZVInamWun eZVITahan PakgarnKr:l. enAkgsg<mmYyeT[t yuvCn
enaHekIteLIg eRJHvaEtgEtman ktapSMcugeRkayCadrab
tRmUvoGkviPaK ylc|as GMBI sg<m_vb|Zm( GMBI sg<m-neya:y nig
Nas ehIy manlkN;sKsajRbTakRkLaKaeT[t. RBwtikaNxH man

n karvivtn rbsva
(diachronie) taMgBIedIm rhUt dleBlEdlRBwtikarN
lMh nig ry;eBlmYyCakMNt TakTg CaBiess nwg eBlEdlRBwtikarN
(catalyseur).
buEn
TnwmenaH eKk*RtUvdwgEdrza bkrNTaMgenaH k*suTEtmanRbvtipalrbsvaEdr
KW vb|Zm( nig RbvtisaRs
(diachronie) KWktaEdleKBMuGackatpac:n edIm|I
sg<msaRs
(phnomnes sociologiques) . RBwtikarN EdlekItman enA
vb|Zm( nig sg<m-esdkic . ; enAkgsg<mmYy eKseg,teXIjza mnusS

EbrCaBMuRBm cUlrYmrs kgsg<m. karBnlmUlehtu n riyabz TaMgBIrenH
sg<m_esdkic yagc|as .
ykmkbg,at
bkrN BIeRkA EdleKykmk bg,bpSaM k*
(hybridation) enAkg rcnasm&n TaMgenaH eTaHCa kgRkbx&N
BnlmUlehtusIuCeRmA nRBwtikarNenaH. sMeyaK n bkrNenAkgeBl
vb|Zm( neya:y esdkickI k* GaccatTukza Ca RbtikrkMNtRBwtikarN
13
14
Edr. buEn karbnbRBwtikarNmYy mkelIsg<mmYy

catTukzaCa
:tuPUtsg<msaRs
manRbPBecjmkBI
rcnasm&n
:neLIy
(transposition) minGac
eRJH
:tuPUtsg<msaRs
sg<mmYyEdlmansirPaBRKbRKan
CaTUeTA sg<mmanBIrRbePTsMxan> KWsg<mEdlminvivt
(socit stagnante,
ultra-conservatrice) nigsg<mEdlkMBugvivt. enAkgsg<mTI 1 karrIkceRmIn
minGacmaneTA:neT buEnk*Bum
M anGsirPaBEdr. sg<m TI 2 mankarrIkceRmIn
yagqabrh&s buEnkarpasbrGkdwknaM oTansPaBkarN k* CakarcaM:c
Der . sg<mcugeRkayenH Gactam sPaBkarN BiPBelak:n ehIy Gac
viTasaRs)
karERbRbYlsanPaB esdkic nig karreg<aHreg<I n sab&n Ca
RbBNI . bdivtn neya:y RKanEtCa karseRmc n karvivtn TaMgbIenH

bueNaH ebIBMuEmnCa kardeNImGMNacKa tamEbbTskiPUmi k*Ca karkMhit
mkBIxageRkArcnasm&n n sg<menaHeT . bdivtnsg<m (KWkarvivtn xaMgEdl
pHeLIgtamry;sMeyaK xagelIenH Edl:nmkdlkRmitmYyxs bMput) Ca

:tuPUtZmtaeT kalNa rdGMNacneya:y raMgxbkarvivtnenaH minoecj
rYc. Gkneya:yxH Edlylehtupl k* eZVIkarpasbrbnicbnc edIm|IkMuo
mankarpH
(GkEkTRmgniym, les rformistes). buEnGkneya:yxH Edlcg
karJrxn:n KW xusBIsg<mTI 1 EdldacecjBIExSry;BiPBelak dUcCa BYk
omankarpHxaMg eKeZVIyagNa minomankarpasbrmun dUecHeLIy .
kalNasg<m mankarrMeCIbrMCYl KWCasJal eRJHKW Casg<m EdlkMBug
mUldan ehIyEdl karecHdwg xagviTasaRs nig TsSnviCa BMu:ncUleRCA
; nKrhV)Nn nKr ecn_La sm&yGg<r . kta clkr n karERbRbl
bdivtn EbbenH EtgEtvil mkrk cMNucedImdEdl edayeKcBMuput . enAkg
RbCaCnedImenAshrd
Gaemrik
ERbRbYl edIm|IrktulPaB
sg<mkumynis EdlbiTCitsg CaedIm.
(le mcanisme dauto-rgulation fonctionne) .
KWkarvivtn n vb|Zm( EdlminenARTwgmYykEng. TahrN; bdivtn:raMg
ecjmkBI karvivtn nvb|Zm(:raMg Edl:nQan mkdl kRmitviTasaRs
mYy d*xs edaysar bTniBnepSg> rbs TsSnviTU :raMg Edl:nnaMKa

sresres[vePA viCasmaZan
(Encyclopdie) mYyd*ZM ehIy tamry;enaH
yagNakI bdivtnsg<m
eTaHCa
(karbHe:rZmta) EdlKan karlUtlasvb|Zm( Ca
eTAkgsg<mTaMgmUl RKanEtCa karRbyuTEpkneya:ysuTsaZ EtbueNaH.
krNIenH eKxatbgeBlsRmabeZVIbdivtnBitR:kdTeT Kwdacecj BI GPiRkm

n karvivtnEdlnaMsnSwm> eTArkbdivtn KWwkarERbRblxaMgenA dMNakkarcug
eRkaybgsrbsva . ehtudUecHehIy :nCa GkkanGMNacxH EdlBMucgo
man bdivtnEmnETn EtgEtraMgs,at minomankarrIkceRmIn karvittn Epk
:nnaMelakTsSn;zI mkoGkecHdwg nig RbCaCn:raMg . karrIkceRmIn n
vb|Zm( CaBiessEpkTsSnviCa ehIy tagnameKCaGkkarJrvb|Zm(Cati eK
mankarERbRbl CamUldan ehIyTnwmenaH :neZVIo GbIiyCMen] RBmTaMgCMen]
TsSn;GVIeT[t eRkABIkareKarBTsSn;caseLIy . ebIniyayocM KW eKcgRKb
karecH dwg :neZVIokarbkRsaytzPaB
(ralits) rbs RbCaCn :raMg
KanmUldanepSg> cuHzyTiBl rbsva CabnbnabDer . bdivtn BitR:kd
EdlekIteLIg enAkgsg<mmYy CakMNt CakarRbCMu karRbTakRkLaKa rvag

karvitn
n rcnasm&nbI KW karvivtn enAkgvb|Zm(

15
(TsSnviCa beckviCa
rkSaTukEt GVI> EdleKehAza TMen[mTmabCati EtbueNaH eJl KW minoman

RKgTaskr CagcgRKbRKgBlrd Edlman esrIPaB nig karecHdwg . rItY
naTI
BitR:kd
rbs
TIRbwkSa
k*BuG
M acmaneTAekItEdr
eRJHGkkanGMNac
EtgEtxacGMNac rbseK ZakeTAkgd TIRbwkSaEtmg . karBit KW BMuEmn kar

16
rIkceRmIn n sg<meT EdleKcg:nenaH EtCaGMNacEdleKyk mksRmab
x\M:neZVIkarsikSasg<mExr
taMgBIxMe\ nAer[nenAviTal&y. Tnwmnwg
kar
beRmIbkSBYk RkumRKYsar rbseK EtbueNaH. eKGacniyay:n za bdivtn
sikSaksar x\M:ntamdan RBwtikarNneya:y sMxan> yagRby&tRbEyg
neya:y
sg<mmYyCakMNt
ehIy :nCYbsnna CamYy tYGg< RbvtisaRs nig bJvnCa kneya:y nig
edayKankarpSaM bg,at KWCa RBwtikarN neya:y suTsaZ ehIydUcenH
Tmabcas edIm|IGacrkSaGMNac rbseK bneTAeT[t buEn TnwmenaH eKk*TTYl
Caplitpl
nkarvitn
Epkvb|Zm(
rbs
(krNI n bdivtn:raMgqaM 1789). bdivtn EdlykbkrN BIeRkAmkbnb

BMuGac mansirPaB:neT enAkgkrNIEdl RbCaCn ylmin:nc|as BIGt
RbeyaCn nRBwtikarNenaH cMeJHxneKmak> k*dUcCa cMeJH karlUtlas n

sg<mTaMgmUl. eTaHCayagenHkI karpH karpusecjeLIg n bdivtnmYy
suTEtman Rbtikr rbsva
kgkrNIdEdlenH
(catalyseur) enAkg shkal mYyCakMNt. enA
eKGacniyay:nza
RBwtikarNmYydUcCa
bdivtnsg<m
CaedIm EdlEsgecj enAkgsg<mmYy KWCatMNakkar cugeRkay n karvivtn

rbsva. k*buEn ebIBMuEmndUecHeTenaH eKGacniyayza KWCaarrlUt karBnt
RBwtikarNmYy muneBldlkRmitkMNt rbsva. bdivtn enARbeTsrusSI nig
enARbeTsnana eT[t RtUvcayeBlCaeRcIn edIm|Ivil eTArkcMNucedImvijsin

CabeNIr> eRJHedIr BMuTandlkaryldwg GMBI eKaledA rbsGkeZVIbdivtn.
niyaymYyEbbeT[t kalNaKan karCabJkB&n nwg karyldwg rbs RbCa

Cn
(karvitnnkarecHdwg) KWRKanEtCa :tuPUtneya:ybueNaH eJlKWw kar
pasbrGkdwknaM EtminEmnCakarERbRbYl Castanum&t n sg<menaHeLIy.
enAkgkrNInkarbHe:rZmta eKminGacehAzabdivtn:neT eRJHKanKeRmag

eZVIkarEkERbrcnasm&n ehIyebIKanKeRmagEkERbrcnasm&nenHeT eK RKanEtbr
BImnusSmak eTAmnusSmakeT[t EdlRtUvrcnasm&n cas kMNtoeZVIeLIgvij
nUvGVI> EdleKcgkMcatecalEt bueNaH. bdivtn BitR:kd EsVgrkGkdwknaM
KWwminEmnGkdwknaMneya:y NamakEsVgrkGkKaMRTxnenaHeT.
17
TsSnviTU CaeRcInnak . x\Mseg,teXIjza Gkneya:y EtgEt cgrkSaTMen[m
s<alpgEdr nUv ktaTaMgLay Edl:neZVIo RbeTs mankarlUtlas man

vDnPaB . KYrktsMKalpgEdrza eTaHsitenAkg sanPaB Bi:k EbbNakI
escExrxH dUcCa esc Gg< eGg
(k.qaM 1772 _ 1797)
(k.qaM 1791 _ 1835)2 Gg< dYg (k. qaM 1791 _ 1860)

(k. qaM1840_ 1927)
Gg< c&n TI 3
3
nig sIusuvti
CaedIm :nylc|as BIkarcaM:c RtUvebIkcMh
TTYlcrn n karrIkceRmIn mkBIbreTs ehIy xitxM ebIkpvomanBnW mkBI
bsimRbeTs buEn escxHeT[t BMu:neZVItameT enAeBlEdlenARsukes[m
eNaH esces[m CULaLgkn (1853_1910) :nCYlGkR:C\bsimRbeTs
mkoCYybeRg{n GkdwknaMrbseK. enARsukyYneNaHvij enAqaM 1802 raC

vgSegV{g EdlmanbEgk BI:raMg :nksag cRkPBmYy enAGNam. enARsuk
Exr enAeBleRkay> mkeT[t KMnitEbbenH k*man bnmkeT[tEdr . mRnI
raCkar EtgEtbJn kUnecA oeTAer[n enAsala:raMg . buEneRkaymk
1
Gg< eGg RKgraC taMgBIGayu 6qaM KW BI qaM 1779 dlqaM 1796.
Gg< c&n RKgraCBI qaM 1806 dlqaM 1834.
Gg< DYg RKgraCBIqaM 1841 dlqaM 1859.
sIusuvti RKgraC BIqaM 1904 dlqaM 1927.

18
BYk
GkbdivtGPrkSniym :nnaMKabMpusKMnit obny crnenH mkvij eday
karecjesah)uy
RKansRmabeRkbykviCaepSg> CaehtueZVIokarecHdwg rbs GkCMnaneRkay
karbM:tsiTiesrIPaB rbs buK<l edIm|I buBVehtupalxn rbs mnusS
yankm maneKaledA pacsg<mExrTaMgmUl BIkarvivtn rbs bsimRbeTs
mkeZVICa buBVehtu nkarRbyuTrbssg<mTaMgmUl nig rbs mnusSCati pg
CMrujoykPasaExr eZVICaPasayan enAeBlmYyEdlRbeTs xVHksarRKb

cuHzyCaGtibrma.
karBit cMeJHGkneya:y enAeBlenaH clna exmr
EtbueNaH) karsikSaTsSnviCa enAzakbJbviTal&y k*RtUvbMbiT minomant
edIm|IERbkaysubinTaMgenaHoeTACakarBit
mantm
BneBkRk dUcCa sRg<am karbgrQam karkabsmabRbCaCn d*KYrornt

mYyRkum.
ZnZrCagenHeTAeT[t
KW
karEdleKykRbeyaCnpalxnTaMgenaH
eT[tk*Gacza:n. esaknadkm enA Jl habb&r enA eG[rUsIuma nig Na
evCsaRsCaedIm.
h,asaKI karkabsmabRbCaCn enAeRkamrbb bul Bt karQanJnTwkdI BI
GMBI tYnaTI rbseK enAkgbcb|nkal. ehtuenHehIy :nCaRsukExr mankar
EtnaMeTArkkarbgrQam eTArksRg<am RBmTaMgkarbM:tsiTiesrIPaB CamUl
mkeT[tEdr
Kw
neya:yenH
omanEt
GkbeckeTs
xagviCa visVkm
CaehtuEdleZVIoExrCMnaneRkay>
mkeT[t
BMu:nylc|as
Bi:keRcInkgkarsRmbxneTAtamdMeNIr nig sPaBkarN BiPBelak . bc
sMNakRbeTsCitxag
danrbsbuK<l.
karksagrdkumynisEdlQrenAelI
mhictaTaMgenH
Edl:neZVIoBiPBelak
ePrvviZI
Etg
mansRg<am
d*
b|nenH eKseg,teXIjza RbeTsNak*eday CaBiess RbeTscinkumynis
esakseRgg suTEtecjmkBI subin TaMgGs dUcRbvtisaRs:nbgajo
karlUtlasRKbvis&y rbseK Caehtu eZVIoeyIg KiteXIj za ebIRsukExr
mun nwg bJb sUmbJakza ksar EdlCamUldan n karsikSaenH
enHEtmg :nnaMKa ykvb|Zm( GarZm( tamEbbbsimRbeTs eZVICa kta n
:nbnreb[benH taMgBIeBl:nkraCrhUtmk emHRbeTskmCa RbEhlCa

mankarrIkceRmInxaMg enAeBlbcb|nenHEdr.
mUlbT Edlx\M:nkMNt sRmabeZVIkarviPaKmanTaMgGs 7 mUlbT ?
1 etCanuPaB nig karcuHdundab n cRkPBExr _ 2 TMen[mTmabExr nig
eyIgeXIjyagRbtkSRsab.
manRbPBCaeRcIneT[t
enAkgKnnieTs
eRkABIeQaHksar
Edlmanray
tamlMdablMeday
(bibliographie) Edlx\MdakenAxageRkayes[vePA . kal
briecTxH manxusKamYyqaM BIrqaM rvagRbtiTin cnKti nig suriyKti
(Rbti
Tin:raMg_Exr) dUckarktsMKal rbs elak Xwg huk DI enAkg kMNt htu
GPiRkm TMenIbkm _3 TMenIbkm ; bdivaTkm rvag vb|Zm(BIir _ 4 karEsVg
es[vePA GkSrsil|ExrstvtS TI 19 rbselak enATMB&r 5 . cMeJH
eTArkPaBrNb nwgGaNaniKmniymzI _ bdivtn rbs GkGPirkS _ bdi vtn
karRsavRCav rbs bNit mk PWn5 Edl:neZVIkarep{gpatc|aslas nUv
rktulPaB d*Bi:k rvag RbBNI nig PaBsm&yTMenIb _
5 dMeNIreqaH
EdlKanRbCaCnKaMRT.
subin mann&yza mhictaRKbRKgBiPBelak nig QanJnTwkdI rbs
kalbriecT
TakTgnwg
raCesceRkaysm&yGg<r
x\MEpkmYyEpkZM
eTAelI
ksarCaeRcInEdlelak:nsikSaRsavRCavyaghtct.
RbeTsEdlcgtaMgxneKzaCamhaGMNac. buEn karBit :nbgajoeXIj za
5) Essai de tableau chronologique des rois du Cambodge de la priode
19
20
post-angkorienne par Mak Phoeun, Directeur de recherche au CNRS (FRE
cMeJHTinn&yTakTg
nwg
sm&y
buerGg<r
Edlx\MelIkeLIgxH>Edr
KW
GaRs&yTaMgRsugeTAtam karRsavRCav EdlecHEtman CahUrEhbnbnab rhUt
lMnaMedIm
mkTl nwgeBlenH eday minGHGagdacxat eTAelI karRsavRCavNamYy Ca

BiesseT
eRJHenAmancMNuceRcInNas
EdleyIgminTandwgc|asenAeLIy
TRmaM:nlTpl n karRsavRCavzI>eT[t EdlRtUvkarcayeBl CaeRcIneT[t

edIm|IbJak . eKaledA n es[vePA subin nig karBit enH CakarsikSasg<m
saRs TakTgnwg RBwtikarN n TMB&rRbvtisaRscugeRkaybgs Edlx\M:n

dwgedaypal
buEn
karBicarNa
GMBI
GtItkalEdlman
taMgBIyUrmkehIy
k*CakarcaM:cEdr edIm|IeZVIkareRb{beZ[b GMBI karvivtn n sanPaBPUmisaRs_
neya:y nig RbCasaRs tamsm&ykalnImYy>. TnwmenaH GVIEdlx\Mcg elIk

eLIgCaBiess kgsikSakzaenH KWTMnakTMng rvag sg<mExr nig RBwti karN
neya:y rvag dMeNIrRbvtisaRs nig vb|Zm(.
bnabBI:neZVIkarts)U yagsVitsVajGsry;eBl 90 qaM edIm|Iedj
:raMgecjBIRsuk Gkts)UExr:nZakeTAkgRkjaMd n BYkGaNaniKmniym

zI. eBl:nkraCBI:raMg enAqaM 1953 RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:Tneratm
sIhnu EbreTArkbEgk BIRbeTskumynis yYn nig cin ehIy cUlrYmeZVIkar

RbyuTts)URbqaMg nwg bsimRbeTsyageBjTMhwg. minEmnEtescExr nig
bJvnExrPaKeRcIn bueNaHeT Edl:nrYmcMENk kgclenaH GkdwknaM nig

bJvn n RbeTskMBugGPivDCaeRcIn enAkgBiPBelak k*eKcBMuputBI clna
pasbrGaNaniKm d*ZMenHEdr. enAqaM 1847 TsSnviTU GalWmg kal makS
nig esdICamitrbsKatmakeQaH Ggh<il :necjpSay nievtnkza mYy
vanDI kaGun
TIRkug:rIs z TI 9 tula qaM 2012
mancMNgeCIgza nievtnkza n bkSkumynis
(Manifeste du Parti com-
muniste) Edl:nCHTiBlyagxaMgeTAelIGVIEdlkal makS ehAza
GZn nig eTAelIbJvn RKbTisTI pgEdr . enAqaM 1864
GnrCatiTI 1
(Premire Internationale)
vN;
smaKmBlkr
:ncabbdisni . enAz 25 tula
qaM 1917 bdivtn buleqvik enARbeTsrusSI:npHeLIg. escrusSI nIkULa TI

2 RBmTaMgRKYsar :nRtUv eKykeTARbharCIvit ehIy elnIn k* eLIgkan
GMNac . bnabBI:n qgkat vibti neya:ymYy d*ZM saZarNrdsg<m
2380 : Asie du Dud-Est continentale. Peuples et contacts). Journal

Asiatique 290.1 (2002) : 101-161. Voir aussi Anthologie de la littrature
khmredu XIX me sicle de Khing Hoc Dy, chercheur au CNRS, p. 131
(note de bas de page).
21
niym sUev[t :ncabbdisni enAz 30 ZqaM 1922 ehIyman tYnaTI Ca
GkdwknaM bdivtn kumynis enAkgsklelak . cabtaMgBIqaM 1945 mk

rhUt dlqaM 1975 enAkg RbeTskMBugGPivD EdlkalenaH eKehAza
22
RbeTsttIyelak clnats)UrMedaHxnecjBI GaNaniKmniym kanEtman
enAkgRkbx&N nkarts)UrYm RbqaMg nwg
cUlrYmcMENk kgmhaclnaenaHEdr. karBit KWRKanEtnaMKaedjxamYy ehIy
ecj BINcin. enAeBlenaH ExrRkhmenAman TMnakTMng CamYyev[tNam
Gaemrik nig shPaB sUev[t rvag lTimUlZnniym nig lTisg<mniym
naTI Rbmuxrd enAz 18 minaqaM 1970 semc neratm sIhnu :neTAcUlrYm
RTgRTayd*ZMmhima. GkdwknaM nigbJvnPaKeRcIn n RbeTsTaMgenaH k*:n

bJlxamYyeT[t mkkgRsuk bueNaH. TnwmenaH sRg<amRtCak rvag shrd
rvagvN;KhbtI nig vN;GZn :neZVIo BiPBelakTaMgmUl rMeCIbrMCYlyag

xaMg CaBiess sRg<am rvag shrd Gaemrik nig ev[tNam kumynis Edl
manRbeTscinRbCamanitu
(rhUtdl qaM 1975) nig shPaB sUev[t enABI
eRkay. enANcin RbeTskmCa RbeTsev[tNam xageCIg nig RbeTsLav
clna TamTarkraC manlkN; puspul KYroktsMKal buEn RbeTs

nImYy>
manyuTsaRs
BmudUcKa
TaMgRsugeT.
enARbeTskmCa
escExr
neratm sIhnu Edl:raMgdakoRKgraCenAqaM 1941 eZVIkarcrca CamYy:raMg
rIenARbeTsev[tNam xageCIgvij BYkev[tmij eZVIkarts)U edayeRbIGavuZ .
:raMg RbKlkraC oExrenAqaM 1953 ehIy enARbeTsev[tNam xageCIg

BYkev[tmij vayQH kgT&B:raMg enA eD[n eb[n PU enAqaM 1954 . enAkg
karts)Uedj:raMgenH BYkev[tmij :nbeg,It clnasSr;Exrev[tmij enAelI
TwkdIExr Edlman sWn guk mij CaGkdwknaM. snisITTIRkughSWENv qaM
cRkB&RtGaemrik Gkbdivtcin nig
ev[(tNamkumynis enAEteZVIshkarKa bnmkeT[t edIm|Iedj kgT&B Gaemrik

enAeLIy. eBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu RtUvsPaTaMgBIr Tmakecj BImux
CamYy ExrRkhm ehIy EzmTaMgGMJvnav okgT&Bev[tNam kumynis vay

kgT&BtmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt; pgeT[t. enA
z 17 emsa qaM 1975 ExrRkhm :nvayrMlMrbb saZarNrdExr dUceKal

bMNg.
rbb saZarNrdExrenH :nRtUvtmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<
mas sirimt; RbkasenAz 9 tulaqaM 1970 tamkarTamTar rbsbJvn nig

yuvCn Edlminniymkumynis . luHvayrMlM rbbbenH _ Edlmanbsim
RbeTs nig shKmn GnrCatiKaMRT _ :nehIy BYkExrRkhm k* cUlmkkan

kabGMNac enA z 17 emsa qaM 1975 . rbb
kmCaRbCaZibety rbs
ExrRkhm :nkabsmabRbCaCnExr GsCit 2 lan nak mun nwg RtUvkgT&B
ev[tNam Edlman shPaB sUev[t enABIeRkay vayrMlM ehIycUlmkkan
kab TwkdIExr enAz 7 mkra qaM 1979 . tammtixH karvayRbhar rbsev[t

Namkumynis nig shPaB sUev[t eTAelI rbbExrRkhmenH CakarrMelaP
1954 tRmUvoBYkev[tmij cakecjBITwkdIExr buEn enAkgeKaledA ERbkay
TwkdI nig GZibetyExr yagCakEsg k*BitEmn Etk*:nrMedaH RbCaCnExr
ZMmYyenAelI TwkdIExr. bnabBI manTMnasmYy d*sMxan evag cin nig shPaB
eT[tpgEdr.
GtItNcin:raMg oeTACakumynis BYkev[tmij :nbeg,Itslkumynis d*
sUev[t enAqaM 1959 clna kumynisExr man crn sMxanBIr KWW mYyEpk
vasnaeTAelI bdivtnev[tNamkumynis nig shPaB sUev[t ehIymYyeT[t

dwknaMeday saLt sr ehA bul Bt :nykcinCabEgk. eTaHCayagenHkI
23
EdlenAessslBIsab eRkamrbb bul Bt oputBI karkabsmab bneTA

buEn
tampvc|abGnrCati
kgT&Bev[tNam mkelIRbeTskmCa.
KW
CakarQanJnmYyd*ZM
rbs
ebIniyayBIyuTsaRsvij RBwtikarN
enH CaC&yCMnH rbsRbeTs ev[t Nam nigshPaB sUev[t eTAelIcin Edl
Casm&nmmit rbsBYkExrRkhm xagbul Bt. eTaHCayagNakI karcUlluk

24
luyRbeTs kmCa edaykg T&Bev[t NamenH k* CaeKalbMNg taMgBIyUr
niymdwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm rN#Ti :nTTYlC&yCMnHeTAelI KN
BINcin hU CI mij Kitza GtItNcin:raMg TaMgmUl nig sitenAeRkam
elakh)un Esn BMuRBmTTYls<allTpl n kare:HeqatenaHeT. enAeBl
GEgVgmk rbs hU CImij Edr . eBlEdl eKbbYlExr oedj:raMg ecj

karRtYtRta rbs RbeTsev[tNam kumynis bnabBI vayykPaKxagt|g
bkS
RbCaCn rbselak h)un Esn EdlkanGMNac taMgBIqaM 1979 mk.
enaH RbeTskmCaeh[bEtnwgRtUvEbgEckCaBIr (GbKmn). RBHGg<mas cRk
:n. karcUllukluy RbeTskmCa enAqaM 1979 KW CakarseRmceKal
BgS buRtmYyGg< rbs semc neratm sIhnu EdlenAxagelak h)un Esn
karBit . buEn shKmnGnCati CaBiess cin nig Gaemrik RBmTaMgRbeTs
rkkarRsuHRsYlmYy:n (KWRBHGg<mas rN#Ti nig elak h)un Esn eLIgeZVI
bMNgenH rbsev[tNam eJl KW subin rbshU CI mij :nkayeTACa
minRBmo RBHGg<masrN#Ti Cabg eLIgkanGMNaceLIy. buEnbnab BI:n
PaKeRcIn n smaKmRbCaCati GasIuGaeKy BMu:nbeNayo ev[tNam Edl
CanaykrdmRnI TaMgBIrnak kgeBlEtmYy)
Nam shPaB sUev[t tTl nwgcin RBmTaMg shrd Gaemrik nig RbeTs
rbs KNbkSRbCaCn nig kmaMgkgT&BxagKNbkS
mansUev[t Casm&nmit yktMbnenH :neLIy. karRbyuT rvag RbeTsev[t
rdaPi:l
k|alBIr enHRKb
RKgRbeTskmCa rhUtdl Exkk,da qaM 1997 KW eBlEdlkmaMg kgT&B
hV)nsIunebc RBQm
n smaKmGas)an :nkay eTACa karvivaTmYy d*ZM enAkgRsukExr (1979_
muxdakKayagxaMg. RBHGg<masrN#Ti shnaykrdmRnITI 1 mankarBi:k
sUev[t :nnaMKaCYy clnats)UExr vayedjkgT&Bev[tNamyageBjTMhwg.
rIelak h)un Esn elakminRBm plGMNac eTAo KNbkS
1989) . RbeTsEdlRbqaMg nwg ev[tNam CaBiess RbqaMg nwg shPaB
RTaMRT nwg karKabsg,t BIsMNakelak h)un Esn shnaykrd mRnI TI 2 .
hV)nsIunebc
KabCYneBlenaH shPaB sUev[(t Edlmanvibti mYyd*ZM TaMgEpkneya:y
eT. buEn enATIbMput kgT&BKNbkSRbCaCn :nykQHeTAelIkgT&B h)VnsIun
oev[tNam eT[teLIy. shPaB sUev[t k*bgMcit CanaCamYycinvij. enAqaM
kardeNImGMNacKaEbbenH
TaMgEpkesdkic :nbrneya:y rbs eK ehIy KanlTPaBplCMnYy eTA

1989 bNa RbeTsmhaGMNac :nebIksnisITGnrCatimYyenATIRkug:rIs
edIm|I bJbkarvivaT. kicRBmeRB{g sniPaBTIRkug:rIs na z 23 tula qaM
1991
tRmUvo PaKIbdibkExrTaMgbYnRkum CanaKavij. bnabBI:necjesckI
seRmc cit elx 745 RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati eZVIGnraaKm

enAkmCa enAqaM 1992 edIm|InaMsniPaBmkvij. Gg<kar
N.U.C.) eJlKW
GaRbnuc
(A.P.R.O.
GaC\aZrbeNaHGasn nGg<kar shRbCaCati enAkmCa
:ncattaMgkare:HeqatesrI
enAz 23 sPaqaM 1993. KNbkS raCa

25
ebc:n ehIyRBHGg<masrN#Ti k* eP[sxneTAbreTs:teTA . buEn cMeJH

karbkRsaymanxus>Ka
tamkarRbkanmag>.
mtixH catTukza CardRbhar rbs elak h)un Esn eRJHKNbkSraCaniym
hV)nsIunebc CaGkQHeqatehIyer]gGVI EdlRtUv RbKlGMNac eTAoelak
h)un Esn enaH. enAeBlenaH elak h)un Esn
:nEtgtaMg elak Guwg hYt
n KNbkS hV)nsIunebc oCMnYsRBHGg< masrN#Ti. tamkarBit TaMgelak

h)un
Esn
TaMgrdsPa
KansiTiEtgtaMg
naykrdmRnI
CMnYsRBHGg<mas
rN#Ti :neLIy eRJH RBHGg<masRN#Ti CaGkQH kgkare:Heqat ehIy
eTaHbI naykrdmRnIzI CasmaCik KNbkS hV)nsIunebckI . RBwtikarN enHqH

26
bgajoeXIjxH>za karvivaTdeNImTiBlKa rvagTIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkugha
NUy :nQanmkdl kRmitmYy d*xs . dUecHeXIjza TIRkugebkaMg :n
nigkarrMedaHxnecjBI yYn nig cinbueNaHEdlGacXatXaMg mino mnusSmak

ykRbeTs TaMgmUleTAeZVICa kmsiTi palxnrbseK:n.
TTYlbraC&ymgeT[t . eTaHCayagNakI kar deNImGMNacKa EbbenH :n

eZVI oRbeTskmCa
RtUv:tbg nitanukUlPaB rbs xn taMgBIeBlenaHmk.
buEnkarcrca k*ecHEtman bnmkeT[t edIm|Ivil eTArknitanukUlPaBvij eTaHCa

xus nwg eKalkarNkicRBmeRB[g sniPaB TIRkug:rIsqaM 1991 TaMgRsugkI.
kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB TIRkug:rIs hamdacxatmino eZVIkarcrcaeLIy KWGVI>
RtUvseRmc eTAtamlTpl n kare:H eqat. shKmnGnrCati Edlmincg
RBwtikarN sMxan>
enA stvtSr TI 19 nig TI 20

RbvtisaRs
minRtwmEtCakarts)U
edIm|IrMedaHmnusSecjBI
karCiHCan
o karGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{gsniPaB TIRkug:rIs TTYlbraC&y eRJHEter]g
sg,tsg,in BI GMeBIGyutiZm( dUckarGHGag rbs eGh<il k*Ca karrk
kSRtExr neratm sIhnu cgeZVIkarbRgYbbRgYmCati edayRBHGg<palpg KW
subin
KNbkSraCaniymrbsRBHGg< eTA rkbraC&y d*KYeoGamasmux yagNak*
k*RtUvRbQmmux nwg GriPaB rbs GkTaMgenaHeTAvijEdr. enAGasIu BYkGk
tRJgTukenH k* beNay eTAtam sPaBkarNEtmgeTA. mageT[tRBHmha

eZVIyagNa
eday.
oBYkGtItkumynis
RKbRKgRsukExrbneTAmuxeT[t
eTaHRtUvnaM
bnabBI:nnaMKak|t kicRBm eRB{gsniPaBTIRkug:rIs sRg<ampkg
biTmuxmYy k*ekItmaneLIg KW sRg<am rvagBYkGtItkumynis Edlman ev[t

NamCabEgk
nigBYkGtItkumynis
EdlmancinenABIeRkay
mYycMENk
eXIjTIVib zI> edayBYkGkpSgeRBgEs|ks bueNaHeT Et k*Ca plitpl n

rbs
GkdwknaM
clnaneya:y
nana
EdlcgtaMgxnCaGaTieTB
pgEdr. CYnkaleTA subinTaMgenaHRsb nwgsubin rbsbJvn CYnkaleTA

Catiniym EdlcgrkSa TMen[mTmabdUnta rbseK R:zacge:ssMGatBYk
Es|ksoecjGs BIEdndI rbseK eRJHtaMgBIstvtSr TI 13 mk BYkenH

rukranTRnanRbeTs rbsBYkeK edaytekatERkgehIybJlvb|Zm( rbs
ehIy mYycMENkeT[t rvag GkminEmnkumynis nig BYkkumynisTaMgBIr
xn mkkgRbeTsTaMgenaH CaehtueZVIobHJlCaTmndlTMen[mTmab reb[b
RbePTenH.
rbbrsenA n bNaRbeTsGasIuTaMgLayenaH CaBiess dlGaC\arbsGk
eKGacEbgEck
karts)UrbsRbCaCatimYy
eTAtamsm&ykalnImYy>.
enAkgsm&ykalcugeRkayenH KWkarEsVgrkkraCmgeT[t RBmTaMgkarksag

mUldan n esrIPaB nig GZibety rbsRbCaCn nigbJvno:nrwgmaM.
cMeJH ExrEdlmankarGbrMtamEbbbsimRbeTs manEtkarBRgwg esrIPaBenH
27
dwknaMskiPUumiTaMgenaH
EdlcgrkSaGMNacrbseK
edayminoRbCaCn
man
TsSn;NamYyeT[t EdlxusBIOvaT rbs BYkeKeLIy. buEn enHCakarmYy
d*Bi:k eRJHcrnTsSnviCa nigvDnPaB n viTasaRs mkBIbsimRbeTs

:nRtUvbJvn EdlcgerIbRmasecj BITMen[mTmab minsmehtupl nig BI
GMNacskiPUmi rbsGkdwknaMrbseK ylzaCakta n karrIkceRmIneTAvij.

28
enARbeTses[m enAcenaHstvtSr TI 19 nig TI 20 esc CULaLgkn :n
h nig kgtug bnabmkcUllukluy smabRbCaCnsIuvilcin enA NgkaMg.
mankUn 77 nak nig RbBn 36 nak kgcMeNamRbBnTaMgGs 92 nak :n
CaeRcIn n BiPBelak rYmTaMg TVIbGWWrub nig RbeTscinpgEdr . bnabmkeT[t
escExrRBH:T Gg< dYg EdlyktRmabtam RBH:TGg<c&n CaRBHer[m xitxM
hab&r eRCay hav ehIyenAeBldEdlenaH k*cUlmklukluyRsukExrEdr.
ehAo:raMg nig GgeKs cUlmkCYyksagRbeTs. esces[mGg<enHEdl

bM:trbb TasPaB enAqaM 1895 . 42 qaMmunRBwtikarNenH KW enAqaM 1853
ebIkcMhoRsukExr TTYlcrn sm&yTMenIb ehIyenAqaM 1853 :nEsVgrk
:raMg
omkCYyrMedaHRsukExrecjBIkarKMramkMEhgrbs
RbeTses[m
nig
RbeTsev[tNam Edlcgvayyk RsukExr Eter[g> xn ebIBMuenaHesateT KWW
ykeTAEckKa mYycMENkmak . muneBlEdl :raMgmke:HTI taMgrbseK

enAkUsaMgsIun RbeTsev[tNam :ndakbnb RBHGg<maskSRtIExr Gg< mIu
enAqaM 1939 sRg<amelak elIkTI 2 :npHeLIg . h)IEtr vaylukykEpk
enAqaM1941 kgT&BCbun vayRbhareTAelI mUldaneyaZa GaemrikenA Jl

rIRbeTscinvij eTaHbImanbJapkg sKsajyagNakI subin rbseK KWW
RtYtRtatMbnGasIuTaMgmUlEtmg. shrd GaemrikcUlRbLkkgsRg<am RbqaMg

nwg karlukluy rbs BYkh)IEtr enAExmizuna qaM 1941 . snisITyalta
(Yalta) rvagGkdwknaM sUev[t (sehShV salIn) Gaemrik (RhVgkaMg rUsWEvl)

GgeKs
(vInsn eQIrQIl) :nkMNtyk eKalkarNsMxan> 3 yag ?
(1835_1847) oeLIgRKgraC. enAsm&yenaH escyYn mij mag :ndak
TaMgmUl. enAeBlenaH TIRkugPMeBj :nRtUveKehAza TIRkugNaMyag . buEn
kMNtsirPaB BiPBelak. sRg<amelak elIkTI 2 :nRtUvbJb enA z 8
eRT]g mij yag, paM van eD[n nig Rtwg van Nag o RKbRKgRsukExr
Exr:negIbeLIgbHe:redjyYn ecjBIRsuk:nvij (sUmGaner]genH Edlman

briyay lMGit enACMBUkTI 1) . enAedImstvtSr TI 20 eRkamkardwknaM rbs
hU Cimij Edl:nbeg,It bkSkumynis Ncin enAqaM 1930 clna TamTar
kraCyYn EdlmanTMnakTMng CamYy clna kumynis GnrCati naMKabbYl
kMNtyuTsaRsrYmmYy
edIm|IbJbsRg<amelak o:nqabrh&s
kMNt eCaKvasna rbs GWrub bnabBI braC&y rbs BYkNasI h)IEtr _ 3

sPaqaM 1945 enAGWrub enAz 2 kJaqaM 1945 enAGasIu nig enAkgBiPB
elakTaMgmUl. rbb NasI h)IEtr :nTTYl braC&y yagdMNM .
enAz 6
nig 9 sIha qaM 1945 shrd Gaemrik :nTmakRkabEbk brmaNUeTAelI

eh[rUsIma nig Nah,asaKI bNalomanvinaskmmYy d*ZMsem|Im.
Exr o edjGaNaniKmniym :raMg ecjBIRsuk . luH:raMgecjBIRsukExr
ehIy eKnwgRKbRKgRsukExr CMnYs:raMgEtmg . enAedImstvtSr TI 20

RbeTsCbun eRkamkardwknaM rbs BYkeyaZaniym :ncabepIm vayykGasIu
nig shrd GaemrikEtmg. enAqaM 1910 Cbun vayykRbeTskUer bnabmk

enAqaM 1931 vayyk mnCUrI nig ExRtEpkxageCIg n RbeTscin ehIyenAqaM
1937 vayykRbeTscin Etmg edayTmakRKab EbkyagdMNMeTAelI es[g
29
_2
30
cMeNambJvnmYycMnYn bueNaH . subin kumynis k*cabepImCYbnwg karBit
clnaTamTar kraC
KW karts)U CaGciRny n sg<mmnusS edIm|ITamTaresrIPaB. enARbeTs
nig elakkumynis
kmCa eRkayeBl:nkraC BI:raMg> enAEtCYyBRgwg karksagmUldan
eKGacniyay:nza karTamTarkraC n bNaRbeTsTaMgenaH :n
TTYlkarKaMRTyagmaM BI bNaRbeTskumynis EdlCasRtUv rbs shrd
Gaemrik. enARbeTsev[tNam clnaGkCatiniymEdlRbqaMg nwgBYkGaNa

niKmniym:raMg :nkayeTACa clnakumynis ehIyenAkgn&yenH eZVIkar
RbyuT nwg shrdGaemrik yagxaMgka. clnakmynis cgpasbrmux mat
BiPBelak
ehIy
eZVIkarRbyuTts)U
edIm|Ioman
yutiZm(
enAkgsg<m
vN;KhbtI CiHCansg,tsg,in GkxStexSayRkIRk tRtaRbNI buEnGg<kar
beckeTs
nig
cMeNHviCabnmkeT[t.
cgbM:tTiBl:raMg
oputrltEtmg
buEn
RbeTscinkumynisEdl
edIm|IGacedIrtYnaTICMnYs:raMg
EmRbmUlGkecHdwgExrmYycMnYnCaBiessGker[nenARsuk:raMg
k*Rb
onaMKae:s
sMGat vb|Zm(:raMg ecjGs BIRsukExr edaybeg,Itslkumynis enAkg

cMeNamGkecHdwg. KwslenHehIy EdleRkaymk :nkayeTACasMbukBYk
ExrRkhm. viTal&ykCnBIr KW cMerInviCa nigkmCabuRt RBmTaMgkaEstExr

mYycMnYn dUcCakaEst kPaB rbs elak Bwg sy CaedIm edIrtYnaTI d*
sMxankgkar bJHTiBl:raMg enAkmCa . eTaHCayagenHkI k*GkEdl:n
kumynisGnrCati Rbkan reb[bpackar bM:tsiTi esrIPaB kgkarKitBicar
er[nenA sala:raMg :nkayeTACa mUldanmYy d*sMxan sRmabo semc
orNb
TaMgRsugeBkEdr. enAedImdMbUg neya:y n clnasg<mraRsniym rbs
Na nig karbeJjmti sBVEbbyag ehIyEzmTaMgdakRbeTskumynis nana

nwg
xneT[tpg
Caehtubeg,Itoman
GariPaB
mYyd*ZM
CamYy
bJvnenAsm&yenaH. enAqaM 1957 kvIrusSI bUrIis :EsrNak :nRtUvrd

GMNacsUev[tXatXaMgminoeTATTYlrgVanNUEblGkSrsil|
(Prix Nobel
de littrature) ehIy CaBiess enAz 21 sIhaqaM 1968 rzeRkaH sUev[t
:ncUlmkkgTIRkugR:kX
cabxnGaeLcsgRd
DubeqkGkEkTRmgRbeTs
eckUsvaKIEtmg. GaeLcsgRd Dubeqk :ncabepImeZVIkarEkTRmg ERbkay
rbbsg<mniym omanlkN;mnusSZm( :nEt 8 ExbueNaH KW BI z 5

mkraqaM 1968 mk. taMgBIeBlenaHmk clna bJvn enA shPaB sUev[t
nig
enARbeTs:raMg
k*cabepImdwgza
GkdwknaMRbeTskumynis
minEmnCa
mitrbseKeT . buEn enARbeTskmCa eKeXIjmanRbtikm EbbenH Etkg

31
neratm sIhnu ksag rbbmYy Edlmineyal eTAtam rcnabT kumynis

semc
sIhnu
manlMnwgl
CaehtueZVIoExrmankMritvb|Zm(
nig
CIvPaBl
RbesIr RBmTaMg snisuxRKbRKan CaehtueZVIoGkEdlZab:ns<alrbbenH

EtgEtsresIrmindac buEn edaymindwgza lTpl Edl:nmkenH k* eday
saEt karrIkceRmInEpkvb|Zm(:raMgenaHEdr. eTaHCayagenHkI edayeKbMpus
oman emaTnPaBCati hYsehtu edIm|Ier[bcMkEng oBYkGaNaniKmniymzI

cUlmkedayRsYl
eKk*taMger[bcMkraCEpkvb|Zm(Etmg.
kmviZIexmryan
km k*cabepIm eTaHCaes[vePAbeckeTs nigTsSnviCa CaPasaExr KanRKb
RKank*eday. tamkarBit eKaledA rbs GkdwknaM enAeBlenaH KW er[bcM
GMNacmYyzIeT[t edaykatpackarBicarrNatamEbbbsimRbeTs ecj o

32
dacRsLH CaBiess KMnitTakTg nwg bdivtn:raMg naqaM 1789 Edl:n
bJlTaMgsiTi kgkareRCIserIssm&nmit rbsxneT[tpg CaBiess kardk
saRs nigbeckeTsmYycMnYneT[t Edlminbg,eRKaHzakdlrbb zIbueNaH.
kk,da elak sm sarI :nTamTar enAkgbriyakasmYy d* tantwg nUv
EpkviTasaRs
suxcitylRBm. GkRbkanxagkumynis minsb|aycitbunan nwg karTam
ykesc:raMg lVI TI 16 eTAkatk. eKtRmUvomanEtbeckeTs visVkm evC
kmviZIsikSaTsSnviCaenAzakbJb n mZmsikSaRtUvlubecal KWrkSaTukEt
(sciences exp.) nig KNitviTabueNaH ( math. lmen-
taires) ehIyeKnaMKaeXasnabgabbeganmuxviCaenHEzmeT[t.
bJvn
mYy
cMnYntUc EdldwgCaeRscza KW CakarkatpacvicarNJaN BIkUnExr k* xMnaM Ka

ebIksalabeRg{n
TsSnviCaenH
enAtam
salakCn
vulETr (Lyce Voltaire) viTal&y nU kn CaedIm .
dUcCa
viTal&y
kgT&Bev[tmijecjGs BITwkdIExr. GseBjmYyyb enAkgraRtIz 20_ 21
karZanaTaMgLayenH . enATIbMputelak mULtuhV xagshPaB sUev[t k*
Tar rbs elak sm sarI eLIy . clna TamTarkraCcabepImmanrUbrag

yagc|astaMgBIqaM 1936 enAkgcMeNam bJvnExr mkeNaH . sSr; Exr
mYyRkum Edlmankarbtm BI BYkev[tNamkumynis ehIyEdlman sWn
guk
mij
ehAGacar
man
CaGkdwknaM
kMNtyk
karedj:raMgecj
BIRsuktampvGavuZ buEn TalEteBleRkaymkeT[t eTIbGkTaMgenaHdwgza hU
Cimij maneKaledAmYyeT[t KW putBI:raMgeTA eKnwgCMnYs:raMgEtmg. Gk
karts)U TamTarkraC
eqVgniymeRkay>mkeT[t dUcCa saLt sr CaedIm k* eZVIkarts)U tampv
enA RbeTskmCa
GavuZEdr. enAqaM 1936 sWn guk zan :nbeg,ItkaEstExrmYyeQaH nKrvt
(Nagarawatta) CamYy elak :c QWn RBmTaMg GkeshaCati mYycMnYn
RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu Edl:nRtUv :raMgdakoeLIgesay
eT[t dUcCa Gacar Ehm ec[v elak b)un can mul CaedIm . enAqaM 1942
(Vichy ) man
PMeBj . Gacar Ehm ec[v nig elak b)un canmul :nRtUv:raMgcab:n
raCenAqaM 1941 :ncabepImTamTarkraCenAqaM 1952. RBHGg<eLIgRKg

raC enAsm&ysRg<amelak elIkTI 2. kalenaHrbb vIusIu
TMnakTMngCamYy Cbun ehIyCbunk*beNayo:raMgcatEcgkargar enARsuk

ExrbnmkeT[t.
bnabBI
raCbUCnIykicedIm|IkraC
( Croisade royale
pour lIndpendance) enAqaM 1952 RBHmhakSRtExr:nTTYl kraC
bribUrBI:raMg enAExvicika qaM 1953. kraCenH :nRtUvTTYls<al eday

snisITGnrCati TIRkughSWENv Ex sPa_kk,da qaM 1954 . elak sm
sarI n KNRbtiPUcrcakmCa :nTamTaroman karZanaRKbEbbyag rYm
33
RkumenH :nnaMKaeZVI:tukm edj:raMg yagKRKwkKeRKg enAkNal TIRkug

ehIyykeTAdakKuk enAekaHRtLac
:nrteTARbeTsCbun
(Poulo Condor) . elak sWn guk zan
tamRbeTses[m
RkummYYyeT[t
EdlmincUlrYm
cMENk CamYy BYkev[tmij dUcelak sWn guk zan Edr KW RkumGkGg<mas

neratm cnrgSI eZVIkarts)UtamTarkraCedIm|I rkSarbbraCaniym dUcGg< sIu
vta kalBIstvtSr TI 19 dUecHEdr . enAqaM 1946 bJvnl|I>mYycMnYn
dUcCa elak suwm va elak eG[v kwH :nnaMKa beg,It KNbkS CapvkarmYy
34
eQaH KNbkRbCaZibety EdlmankmvIZI TamTarkraCdUcKadUecHEdr.
vayRbhar RbeTsev[tNam xagt|g enAeBl cUlqaMcin qaM 1968 Ezm
mYyKNkSRbCaZibety
qaM 1966 tmesnIy ln nl :nRtUvEtgtaMgCardmRnI TI 1 ehIy vrCn
GkGg<masyutivgS
k*:nRtLbmkBIRsuk:raMgenAqaM
enHEdr
bnabmk
1946
mkcUlrYmCa
:nTTYltYnaTIdwknaM
KNbkS
RbCaZibety enHEtmg. KNbkSRbCaZibety EdlmanninakareC]nel]n

niym :nTTYlC&yCMnH yagRtcHRtcg kgkare:Heqat sPaZmnuJ nig
kgkare:HeqatsPa eRkay>mkeT[t buEn CaGkusl GkGg<masyutivgS
cUlCIvg<t enAz 11 kk,daqaM 1947 ehIyelak eG[v kwH RtUveKeZVIXat

enAz 14 mkraqaM 1950 . eBlRBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu TamTar
kraC manbJvnmYyRkum dUcCaelak sm sarI elak jwk CULg nig
eT[t.
bnabBI
EdlRbqaMg nwg
GkGPirkSsaMniym:nTTYleCaKC&yenAkgkare:HeqatsPa
neya:yEGbBYkkumynis rbs semc neratm sIhnu
dUcCa elak emA say nig elak siwm va CaedIm :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa b

naykrdmRnI . enAz 14 sIhaqaM 1969 rdaPi:lrbs tmesnIy ln
nl :nRtUvEtgtaMgmgeT[t KW eRkay rdaPi:l Ebn nut Edl:nRtUvEtg

taMgenAz
31
mkraqaM
pSgsMNagcugeRkay
1968
ehIyEdl:nRtUvRbsiTinamza
rdaPi:l
( Gouvernement de la dernire chance). rdaPi
GkraCkarmYycMnYn CaGkKaMRTyagskm. enAqaM 1959 KW 6 qaMeRkayeBl
:lTI 2 rbs tmesnIyenH Edl:nRtUvRbsiTinamza
:nTTYlkraCBI:raMg elak sm sarI EdlRbqaMg nwg neya:y Ebr
RsgCati
sIhnu rkelsecaTzaCaCnk|tCati. elak sm sarI RtUvbgMciteP[sxn
:nEtgtaMgRBHGg< CaRbmuxrdenAqaM 1960 :nseRmcTmakRBHGg< ecjBI
eTArkelakkumynis rbs semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUv semc neratm
eTAbreTssin buEn semc sIhnu enAEtBMuRBmdUr neya:ydEdl. elak

sm sarI k*eTAcUlrYmts)UCamYy sWn guk caj ehIyRtUveKeZVIXatenAkg
PaBd*Gaz(kM:Mg. cabtaMgBIqaM 1960 mk semc neratm sIhnu Edl:n

zVayraCsm|ti eTARBHraCbita nig RBHmataCanimitrUb :nkayeTACa Rbmux
rd
nRbeTskmCa
KWrbbmYyzIEdlmanlkN;JkkNalrbbraCaniym
JkkNal rbbsaZarNrd . RBHGg<:nykbJvneqVgniym mko CYy

RKbRKgRbeTs.
enAeBlenaH
RsukExrkanEtZakeRCAeTA>
rdaPi:leRsac
( Gouvernement de sauvetage) man GkGg<mas sIusuvti
sirimt; CabnaykrdmRnI. enAz 18 mina qaM 1970 sPaTaMgBIr Edl

tYnaTIenHvijenAeBlEdlRBHGg<eP[sxneTARbeTs:raMg. elak ecg ehg
RbZanrdsPa :nRtUvEtgtaMgCaRbmuxrdCMnYs. tamesckIesIsMu rbs bJ
vn nig yuvCn rdaPi:l ln nl :nRbkas rbb saZarNrd enAz 9
tula qaM 1970 dEdlenaH. enHCaelIkdMbUgehIy EdlrbbraCaniym Edl

manmk Cag 1 Jn qaM mkehIy :nRtUvrMlMecal.
rbb
saZarNrdExr manry;eBlEt 5 qaMbueNaH eRJHenAeBl
kgneya:y
Edl sPaTaMgBIrTmak semc neratm sIhnu ecjBImuxnaTIRbmuxrd semc
mktaMgTIenAelITwkdIExr . minEtbueNaHesat RBHGg<:nebIkEp kMBg esam
vayrMlMrbbsaZarNrdExr. eBlZakBIGMNacsemc neratm sIhnu Edl
rbs elakkumynis . RBHGg< :nebIkpvokgT&BBYkkumynis ev[tNam

oBYkkumyniseRbIR:s dwkCJnsJVvuZ mkBIRbeTscin edIm|Ier[bcMeZVIkar
35
neratm sIhnu :nehAokgT&ByYnkumynis KWBYkev[tmij nig BYkev[tkug

:ncUleTArYbrYmCamYyExrRkhm :neq{toTIRkughaNUy nig TIRkugebkaMg
36
eRbImgeT[t. BYkyYn nig cinkumynisenAeBlenaH rgcaMEtkarGMJvnavenaH
rdmRnI TaMgBIrnak Etmg . bnab BirdRbhar enA Exkk,da qaM 1997 GtItK
nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt; KaMRT eday shrd Gaemrik. BYkkmynis
Exr enAqaM 1979 :neLIg mkkan GMNac dUckal BImun dEdlvij. taMgBI
o sIhnu vij . TMB&r RbvtisaRs :nbJakyagRbtkSza enA eBleRkay
dUckalBICMnan Edl:raMg cgtaMgmUldan rbseK enAkgPUmiPaKenaH eJl
bueNaH edIm|IvayrMlM rbbsaZarNrdExr dwknaMeday tmesnIy ln nl
TaMgcin TaMgev[tNam PUtkuhk semc neratm sIhnu za nwg ykGMNacmk

mkeT[t TaMgrbbExrRkhm bul Bt
(EdlmancinCabEgk) TaMgrbbExrRkhm
ehg sMrwn Edlman ev[tNamkumynis CaemekIy) BMu :nRbKlGMNacmk
NbkSkumynisExr Edl:nRtUvRbeTsev[tNam dakokanGMNac enARsuk

eBlenaHmk RsukExr vivt eqaH eTArk rcnasm&n PUmisaRs_neya:ymYy
KW shPaB:raMg
(les trois Etats de lUnion franaise) Edl minyUr minqab
nwg kayeTACa shB&nNcin
(Fdration indochinoise). buEn karRbTaj
sIhnu vijeLIy. eRkaykarrlMrlay n rbb saZarNrdExr RsukExr :n
RbTg CamYycin GacERbkay tMbnTaMgmUl oeTACalanRbyuTmYy EdlmYy
1991 :nxMRbwgERbg pleTAokmCa nUv karZaRKbEbbyag edIm|I oGkdwk
oyYn . pvmYyeT[t KW pvEdlman lkN;RbhakRbEhl nwg RbeTs
vilmkrk sm&ymunqaM 1863 vij buEn kicRBmeRB{g sniPaBTIRkug:rIs qaM
cMENk mancin ehIy mYycMENkeT[t manyYn nig GkEdlplbEgkeTA
(Tibet) dUecH Edr.
naMExreRkay> mkeT[t manlTPaB karJrxn ehIydwknaMRbeTs eTAtamlTi
mIyanma PUma EdlGacnaMeTArk vasna dUcRbeTs TIeb)
cuHhtelxa eTAelI kicRBmeRB{g sniPaBenH BMu:nGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{genaH
TIRkug:rIs qaM 1991 vij RbsinNaCa mansPaBkarNzI mYyeT[t enAkg
RbCaZibety edayman kareKarBsTimnusS Ca mUldan . buEn GkEdl:n

eLIy. saCazIeT[t Gkneya:yExr KitCaGaTPaBBITYnaTIrbseKer[g> xn.
GkEdlZabdwknaMRsukExr BIeBlmun> eRkamOvaT rbsRbeTscin nigRbeTs
buEn vasna mYyeT[t KW karvileTArk karGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{g sniPaB

BiPBelak.
yYnBMuRBm GnuvteKalkarN RbCaZibetyeLIy. elak h)un Esn Edl:n
RtUvev[tNamdakokanGMNac minRBmTTYls<allTplnkare:HeqatEdl
:npl C&yCMnHeTAo KNbkSraCaniymeLIy. rI RBHmhakSRtExrvij RBH
Gg<cgeZVI karbRgYbbRgYmCati eday palRBHGg< ehIy enAkgn&yenH cgo
RBHGg<masmasrN#Ti rYbrYm CamYYyelak h)un Esn eTaHbI xuseKalkarN

kicRBmeRB{gTaMgRsugkI . karBit KWRBHGg<cgo BYkGtItkumynisExr QH
BYkGkRbCaZibetyExr Edlman ninakar bsimRbeTsniym EtbueNaH. rI
karsRmuHsRmYl KWelak h)un Esn nig RBHGg<masrN#Ti eLIgeZVICa nayk

37
38
CMBUk 1
munsm&yGaNaBa:l:raMg
Avant la prsence franaise
etCanuPaB nig karcuHdundab

n cRkPBExr
Grandeur et dcadence
de lEmpire khmer
enAedImstvtSr TI 9 escExr C&yvr&n TI 2 cabepImebIkskraC n lTi
eTvraC . enAsm&yenaH ExreKarBbUCaRBHrUbsIvlwg< EdlCaGvtarmYy n
RBHsIv.
sIvlwg<
CanimitrUb
cMeJHraCaNacRkExrkalCMnanenaH
karlUtlas
RBHsIv
nig
nimitkm
:nRtUveKcatTukza
d*
xaMgka.
escPM
(nKrPM EdlcinehAza hV)Nn). enARbeTsNa k*dUcCaenA Ncin lwg< Ca
nimitrUb n RBHsIv buEn enAkg TsSnaTan lTiRBhJsasna enARsuk Exr

RBHsIv KW RBHRn
(Indra). enARbeTsNa RBHRn Caesc n eTv TaMg
33 Gg<EdlKgenAtamCMralPMRBHsuemru . enAkgTsSnaTanExr Gvtar n

RBHsIv CYnkalCaRBHRn CYnkalCaRBHvis . tam ry;rUbcmaknana KW
RBHhrIhr
(Hari-Hara) EdlCa sMeyaK rvag RBHsIv nig RBHvis . enA
sm&ynKrPM h)VNn nig cinLa
(BIstvtSr TI 1 mkdlstvtSr TI 7 )
eK:nbRgm RBHsIv RBHvis nig RBHRn mkRtwmsMeyaKrYmEtmYybueNaH KW
RBHhrihr
enARbeTskmCa
GkEdleKarBbUCa
RBHsIv
nig
GkEdl
eKarBbUCaRBHvis manExSry;CahUrEh rbseK er[g>xn taMgBIedImmk. rI

eTvbnabbnSM eRkABIRBHRnEdleKEtgEteXIjtambdima nig k|accmak enA
39
40
tamvt nigviharepSg> manCaGaT? RBHKens RBHs,n RBHRkwsa RBHGKI RBH
kRmaetgCKttraC) Edlmann&yza mhakSRtmas n cRkvaL) (cRkvaTin)
suriy; RBHesam; RbmTaMgeTvTaMg 8 Gg<eT[tKW ? eTv Gsura TVar:l GbSr;
dUcmundEdl. lTiBuTsasnahinyan Edl:necjrUbrag sa CazIeT[t
RKuD mkr; nig naK . enAsm&yGg<r lTiRbhJsasna man lkN;
enAsm&y escRnavr&nTI 3
eKarBbUCa Ca sMeyaK rvageTvbIGg< EdltMNag sPavbI KWRBHRBh
cabBIeBlenaHmkehIy
CaTsSnviCa
sasnamYyEbb
EdlecjmkBIKmIrevT.
rIeTv
KMnit RBHsIv tMNag GkkemcBiPelakpg GkksagBiPBelakpg
EdleK
tMNag
(Dieu
destructeur et constructeur la fois) . cMENkRBHvis KW Ca Gk

EzrkSaBiPBelak buEn k* CaGaTieTBEdl naMdMeNIr BiPBelakpgEdr.
lTiBuTsasna hinyan manvtman enARbeTskmCa munkareKarB bUCa
lTiRBhJsasnaCapvkareTAeT[tKW taMgBIstvtSrTI 3 mk ehIyEzmTaMg
(RsI_Rnvr&n 1295_1308) cabepIm manTi
BlxaMg enARsukExr cabtaMgBIqaM 1432 mk KW enAstvtSr TI 15 . KW

EdllTiBuTniym
ezrvaTenH :ncak#sKl
enA
kgmCdanGkecHdwgnana n sg<mExr . buEnenH k*BMumann&yza Exr enAtam
ERscm,ar nigGPiCn kanlTienHyagRbiteRb{g dUckarGHGagxH enaHeT. enA

tamCnbT ExrmanCMen] eTAelI Gark Gkta edIm|IedaHRsay bJacMeJHmux
ehIy ykBuTsasna CabEgkpvcit nig Ca criyaZm( kgsNabZabrsenA

RbcaMz eTaHCamanbdivaTkm rvag GbIyCMen]TaMgenaH nig RTwsIBuTniymkI (pv
manTiBlxaMgenAstvtSr TI 5 nig TI 6 eT[tpg. buEn RBHmhaviriybNieta
EdlnaMeTACa Grhn) rIenAkgmCdanGPiCn lTiRBhniym enAmanTiBl
sas na :nmkdlRsukExr taMgBI qaM 302 munRKwsskraC eNaH. buEn
eRcIn ehIykardeNImraCKa k*man mindacEdr . CakarBit ehIyEdlza Gk
:gxat
(1910_1975) :nsresrza ebItamksarRbeTs sILg BuT
hS&k sWeds yleXIjza minGacmkdl munstvtSr TI 3 :neLIy. eTaH

Ca yagNakI eKseg,teXIjza cabtaMg BIstvtSr TI 1 mk dlstvtSr TI
xaMgdEdl enAkgneya:y k*dUcCaenAkgCIvitrsenARbcaMz. kSRtman RbBn

kanlTiBuTsasna CaBiess GkecHdwg :nbJllTienH eTAkgGkSrsil|
Exr buEn tYGg<eRcInEtCa eJZistV (TiBl n BuTsasna mhayan) . eRkA
13 escExr EdleKarBbUCa RBHsIv maneRcInCagesc EdleKarB bUCaBuT
BI TiBl nsasnaTaMgenH nig CMen]GarkGktaExr k*manTsSnviCa epSg
mhayan manTiBl d*xaMg eRJH escExrGg<enH CaGkkanlTiBuTsas
kUnecAoylBI ZatuedImrbsmnusSelak. er]gniTanTaMgenaH PaKeRcIn BMuman
. pyBIBuTsasna ezrvaT buraN EdlcatTuk RBHBuTzaCa RBHbrmRKU
CaedIm Edl:nRtUvRbCaCnExr RKbCanzak niymcUlcit ehIyEdleKEtgEt
sasna . enA sm&yescC&yvr&n TI 7

namhayan
(1181_1218) lTiBuTsasna
ehIy:nRtUveKcatTukza Ca RBHeJZistVeT[t pg (elaeksVr;)
lTiBuT sasnamhayan catTukRBHBuT Ca eTv Edlmk CYysrRg<aH mnusS

elak . enA sm&yC&yvr&n TI 7 eKRKanEtbr BIsIvlwg<
mk elakeksVrbueNaH ehIyrkSalTieTvraC (
41
(RBhJsasna)
eT[tEdr KWer]geRBgburaNRbCaRbiyExr EdleKniyayt>KasRmab daset]n

lkN;BuTniym elIktem,Ig virPaBGVIbunaneT dUcCaer]gGaeLv er]g ZnC&y
ykmkeZVICakarsMGagepSg> pgeT[t enA kgkrNIxH n qakCIvit.
kRmaetgGj eRkaymk
42
esrdUecHza
BI etCanuPaB mkdlPaBcuHdundab
RbCaCnCaeRcIn EdlrsenA Cakulsm&n ehIy EdleQaHTasETgKaCajwk
jab rhUtdlkarkekIteLIgnrdmYy EdleKehAza nKreKakZk ehIyEdl
(Nga) Caesc. RbCaCn n nKrenaH KWCnCatiExr
(exmr) . cabtaMg BIedIm RKwsskraC mk manJNiCkr mkBI RbeTsNa
RbeTsCVa maLayU nig BIRbeTscin :nqgkat nKreKakZkenH. Gkmk
BIRbeTsNa BIekaHenATkSiNTis:nnaMlTiRBhJsasna cUlmkBRgIk

mUldannreb[brsenA rbs RbCaCneKakZk Edl cinehAza h)VNn. KWCa
karcabepImn GPiRkm hiNnIykm KW karyksasna RbBNI nig eTvkza

hiN
(hindousme) mkeZVIGaNaniKmkic. rIQjcin k*:nnaM reb[bRKb
RKgesdkic mkpSMCamYyGPiRkm hiNniykmenaHEdr. eTaHCayagenHkI k*
Pasamn_Exr EdleKeRbIR:s taMgBIedImmkenANcin enAEtmanKgvgrhUt
ter[gmk buEnBMumanGkSreT KWRKanEtCaPasasRmabniyaybueNaH. eRkay
mk PasaenH k*manGkSr ehIy layLM CamYy PasasMRs,it nig :lI .

rIJk za hV)Nn KW CaJkEdlcinehAza PM tamJk mn_Exr.
clnahiNnIykm :nnaMmk nUvRbB&nRKbRKgEdlmanvN;bYn RBm
TaMgBuTsasna
mkCamYypgEdr.
tamkarRsavRCav
rbselak
hS&k
sWW
eds BuTsasnahinyan manenAhV)Nn taMgBIstvtSr TI 3 mk . enAkg

es[vePA
bNardenANcinnigenANeNsIu Edl:nRtVveKeZVIhiNnIykm
(Les Etats hindouiss dIndochine et dIndonsie) elakhS&k sWeds sr
43
BuTsasna hinyan eRbIPasasMRs,it Edl:nRtUveK
bJakzamanmk taMgBIstvtSrTI 3 mankarrIkceRmInyagxaMg enAstvtSr TI
taMgBIyUrlgmk munRKwsskraC enAelITwkdIeRCayNcin man Rkum
manRsImakeQaHnagnaK
[]
5 nigTI 6 enAraCescC&yvr&n nig ruRTavr&n
[] . enAedImstvtSr TI 1
kgcMeNamBYkRBhN cMnYn 5 mWunRKYsarEdlmkBIRbeTsNa ehIy mk

taMgTIenARbeTsCVa
(Java) man mYycMnYn k*:n mkdlTwkdI h)VNn eKak
ZkenHEdr. BYkeK:nbNHbNalGarZm( enH bnicmg>enAhV)Nn. minEt
bueNaH CnCatiNaeTsnrRbevs TaMgenaHEzmTaMger[bkarCamYyRsI nnKr

hV)Nn
enaHEzmeT[t.
ebItamksarxH
KWenAsm&yenaHEdr
EdlRJhN
mak eQaH hVwneT[n h)UhineT[n :n ylsbieXIjGktaEdl EzrkSa
Kat :no ZTiBVmYy mkKat ehIy tRmUvoKatecjdMeNIrtamsMeBAQj
d*ZMmYy. luHRBwkeLIg hVwneT[n k*edIreTAvihar GktaenaH ehIyk*eXIjZmYy

bJrenAKledImeQIenaHEmn.
QjZMmYy
hVwneT[n
k*ecj
dMeNIrCabnan
EdlGktaEzrrkSaenaHCaGknaMTisomkcuH
tamsMeBA
enARtgdIeKakZkenH
Etmg. tamer]gniTancin RJhNenaH TMng CamkBIRbeTsNa k*mindwg
mkBIeRCaymaeLsIu k*mkBI bNaekaHenATkSiNTis k*mindwg. kalenaH

kSRtI lIv yI CaescnKreKakZk KWh)VNn
eJlKW
(h)VNn CaJkEdlcinehA PM
nKrPM). lIv yI :nelIkT&BbRmugcUleTAbnsMeBA rbs hVwneT[n
buEn RtUvhVwneT[n TajZTiBV :jTUk rbs lIv yI ZHZayGs CaehtueZVIo

lIv yI P&yyagxaMg ehIysMucuHcaj hVwneT[n. hwVneT[n k*er[bkarCamYy
kSRtI
lIv
yI
enHEtmgeTA. edayeXIjkSRtI
lIv
yI
RsatnnlKanGVI
biT:Mgkay hVwneT[(n k*ykRkNatmYypaMgbtCaBIrrYcecaHrnmYyenAkNal

ehIy ykeTAJk RKbdNbkaykSRtI lIv yI . hVwneT[n k*cabepImRKb
RKgnKr rbs lIv yI ehIynaMRbBNI n RbeTs rbseK mkoRbCaCn

44
eKakZk nKrh)VNn eZVItamCahUrEh ter[gmk . er]geRBgenH EdlmkBI
483 mg enAqaM 503 mgeT[t. dUecHeXIjza BI hVwneT[n mkekANin KW RtUv
(naK = Nga) enH TMng CaelIkeLIgBIer]genHEdr
EmnekANin ehIy ekANin cMeJHelakKW C&yvr&n_ekANin k* :nniyay
RbPBepSg>eT[t k*mandMeNIrRbhakRbEhlKaEdr.
niTan BIRBHezag nagnaK
er]geRBgNaa Edl
buEnBMumankalbriecT c|aslaseT . ebItamkarRsavRCav EdlmanCahUr Eh

mk eKkMNtza hVwneT[n
[ekANinTI 1] mkdl hU)Nn eKakZkenA
GMLgqaM 68 n RKwsskraC. elak hS&k sWeds
(George Coedes, 1886 -
1969) yleXIjza er]genH minGacekItman eRkaystvtSr TI 1 :neT
eRJHenA stvtSr TI 2 nig stvtSreRkay>mkeT[t eKeXIjmanescepSg
eT[tEdl mankarbJakc|as tamsilacarwk nig tamksar rbs Rbvti
viTUcin . eTaHCayagNakI GVIEdlc|as KWza eRkay hVwn eT[n_lIv yI man

raCvgS
hVwneT[n
bnabmkeT[t elaklVI hV)INU
(Louis Finot) k* :neRbIkarsnidanenHEdr.
Gatedma LWEkr :nbJakeT[tzaelak bUl EbllIyU k* dwgyagc|asEdr

za mankarxusKa CaeRcInstvtSr eRJHelak k*:n niyay BI escEdl:n
esayraCeRkay hVwn eT[n_lIvyI enH Edr dUcCa man sIucan
(Man-tsi-
chan) CaedIm. eTaHCayagenHkI karRsavRCaveRkay> mkeT[t :n kMNtza
nam C&yvr&n_ekANin RKgraC BIqaM 478 dlqaM 514. eRkay C&yvr&n
RKgraC rvagqaM 420_434 k* CaraCvgSekANin
[hVwneT[n] Edr KW ekANin
TI 2. enA qaM 478 KW JkkNal TI 2 n stvtSrTI 5 man esc
mYyGg<eT[teQaHza C&yvr&n_ekANin eLIgRKgraCrhUtdlqaM 514. er]g

ekANin enHnaMomankarbkRsayxus>Ka.
elak
Gatedma
LWEkr (ekItqaM 1853-1917) :neZVIkarktsm<alenAkg kMNtehtu TMB&r
25 n es[vePA RbvtisaRs n RbeTskmCa
rbselakdUecHza
(Schlegel) nig bUl EbllIyU (Paul Pelliot) EtbueNaH
(Houen pan houang) RKgraC rhUtdlGayuu 90
eyageTAtamsilacarwk nig ksarcinpgEdr escnKrh)VNn Edl
eQaHesc
dan rbs esh,il
hVwneT[n KW ekANinTI 1 ehIy enAcenaH qaM 420 nig 434 escEdl
bnmkeT[t
vITUcinmak GHGagzaesc n raCvgShVwneT[n mYyGg< EdlRKgraCeRkay

qaM.
pgEdrza karsakl|gPabeQaH hVwneT[neTA nwg ekANin RKanEtCa kaesni
(GanTMB&r 408_421). Rbvti
esayraC
mkeT[t KW hVwn :n hVag
qgkat 4 stvtSr eNaH. elak Gatedma LWEkr Edlylza hVwneT[n BMu
eKKYrQbniyayeT[tza
(Histoire du Cambodge)
hVwneT[n
( h)UhineT[n) KW
ekANin eRJHksar cin :nbJakyagc|asza ekANin KW escC&yvr&n

ehIyescC&yvr&nenH EzmTaMg:nyksYysarGakr eTAzVayesccin enAqaM
45
esayraC enA hV)UNn KW ekANinTI 2 . enAqaM 478 manescmYyGg< RBH

_ekANin manesc 2 Gg<eT[tEdlesayraCbn KW KuNvr&n (514_514)
EdlCabuRtrbs
C&y
vr&n_ekANinenH
CamYyRBH
mhakSRtiyanIRBHnam
kulaRBHPvtI . buEn KuN vr&n :nRtUv ruRTavr&n EdlCabuRtmYyGg< eT[tCa

mYyRbBnmakeT[t eZVIKutedIm|I
deNImraC . ruRTavr&n RKgraCyagticNas
k*BIqaM 514 rhUtdlqaM 539 Edr
(George Coedes) k*mkTlqaM 550
Etmg ebItamksarepSgeT[t. qaM 550 enaH Ca qaMEdlsRg<am rvag hV)Nn
nig ecn_La :ncabepIm (550_ 626) . KW karbHe:r EdlPvvr&n TI 1 nig
ciRtaesna :nbeg,IteLIg ehIyEdl:nnaMeTAdlkarEbk:k n nKrh)VNn.

ruRTavr&nCa escnKrh)VNn cugeRkay bgs eRJHbnabBIenaHmk h)VNn RtUv
nKr ecn_La RKbRKg. Pvvr&nTI 1 RtUveK catTukza Caesc n RbeTs

46
kmCa (KWh)VNn nig ecn_La) [sm&y buerGg<r] muneKbgs. BIedImstvtSr
KW enAqaM 514 eRkayescC&yvr&ncUlCIvg<t RBHraCbuRtmYyGg< rbs C&y
cRkBIr KW ecn_LaTwk nig ecn_LadI eKak ehIyBI qaM 774 dlqaM 802
enAeBlenaH jtivgS rbs raCTayaT mYyGg< KW Pvvr&n :nrteTARCkekan
TI 8 dl edImst vtSr TI 9
(706_ 802) ecn_La EbkecjCa raCaNa
:nRtUvkgT&BCVa cUllukluy .
Gsry;eBl 5 stvtSr BI stvtSr TI 1 mk dlJkkNal st
vtSr TI 6
h)VNn CacRkPBmYy d*manmhiTi#Ti CaBiessenAstvtSr TI 5
eRkamraCekANinTI 2 (420_434)
nig C&yvr&n_ekANin (1478_1514)
EdlhiNnIykm :nnaM hV)Nn mkdlkRmitGarZm(mYy d*xs .
enAst
vtSr TI 3 nig TI 4 n RKwsskraC nKrh)VNn :nTTYl TiBl vb|Zm(

hiNniym
(hindouisme) yagRkasERkl rYceRsceTAehIyEdr . enAedIm
vr&n
(ruRTavr&n) CamYyRbBncugmak :nsmabraCTayaT edIm|IdeNImraC.
enA nKr ecn_La EdlkalenaH Ca nKrrNb nwg h)VNn . Pvvr&n:ner[b

karCamYy RBHGg<maskSRtImYyGg< EdlCaraCTayaT n nKrenaH ehIytam
ry;GaJhBiJhenaH :nkayeTACaesc n nKr ecn_La Etmg enAeBl

eRkaymkeT[t . edayman CMnYyBI ciRtaesna CaRBHGnuC
Pvvr&n
(mhiRnvr&n) /
:nvayyknKr h)VNn :n enAqaM 550 ehIybRgbbRgmnKr TaMg
BIrenHEdl:nTTYl TiBlGariyZm( hiNdUcKaCanKrEtmYy. buEn KWenA
eBlenaHEdrEdlsRg<am rvag h)VNn nigecn_La :ncabepIm. KWCasm&y
stvtSr TI 3 cRkPBh)VNn nKrPMenH manRBMEdnxagt|g rhUteTAdl
EdlRbeTskmCacabbdisnieLIg. sm&yenaH :nRtUvRbvtiviTUkMNt ehAza
eJlKW bc|b|n mIyanmar
eTAvij ehIyZak eTAkg GanaZibetymYy d*RcbUkRcbl CaehtueZVIoesc
Epkxagt|g n RbeTs maeLsIu ehIy RBMEdn xaglic rhUtdl eG[ravaDI
(PUma). TItaMgPUmisaRs rbs hV)Nn KW eRCay
Ncin EpkkNal nigEpkxagt|g :nkayeTACapv mYyd*sMxan sRmab
BYkJNiCkr EdleZVIkaredaHdUr rvag RbeTscin nigRbeTsNa. mageT[t

bnabBInKr n raCvgS vU
(Wou) n RbeTscinxagt|gRtUvraCaNacRk vIu
(Wei) CasRtUv biTpv minoeZVIJNiCkm CamYy bsimRbeTs nKrhV)Nn
sm&ybuerGg<r
(poque prangkorienne) buEneRkaymkExr :ncuHTiBl
n nKrCVa eq{tOkasdak karRtYtRta rbseK mkelIRsukExr . bnabBI:n
edjcam EdlcUlmklukluy RBH:TC&yvr&nTI 2 eLIgRKgraCenAqaM 802

EdlCakarcabepIm n sm&yGg<r. cin_La :nRtUveKBiBN(naza CaRbPB
edIm n BUCsasn rbs Exr nig karkekIt nRbeTskmCa edayykeQaH
:nkayCapvsMctmYy CacaM:c. ksarcin :nBiBN(naza RbCaCn n
RJhN
ebI nKrCitxagNa minRBmrNbxn KW vayyk nKrenaHEtmg .
Gs pgeT[t . esc nKrecn_La kalsm&yrNb nwgh)VNn KWRsutvr&n
nKrh)VNnenH Edlmansm|retat nig skRkjaj CaRbCaCnqatNas .
buEn enA
JkkNalstvtSr TI 6 nKrenaH :n:tbgetCanuPaB rbsxnvijGs .

dUceyIg:ndwg enAxagelIrYcmkehIy ktasMxanmYy n karEbk:kenH KW
karEdlruRTavr&n :neZVIKut KuNvr&n EdlCaRBHTayaT. enAedImstvtSrTI 6

47
km eZVICaer]gsRmabniTan BIkarkekIteLIg
(mythe fondateur)
nGarZm( ExrCMnaneRkay> mkeT[t ehIyEdlCaRbPB nesc vr&n TaMg

nig eRssavr&n. rIkSRtIkmCraCalkSI CabuRtI rbseRssavr&n. buEn esc
eRkay>mkeT[t cabBIPvvr&nTI 1 mk EtgEtPabBUCGm|r eTAnwgRtkUlesc
nKeh)VNn esc nKrPMTaMgGs . C&yvr&nTI 2 EdlCaGkebIkskraC

48
sm&yGg<r k*taMgxnRBHGg<zaCa escnKrPMEdr. BIqaM 802 mk GriyZm(Exr
:ncabepImman snHmYyzIeT[t ehIy mankarrIkceRmIn yagxaMg . cabtaMg

BI JkkNalstvtSr TI 6 mk RsukExrmaneQaHza
mkza suvNPUmi) .
RbeTskmCa
(ERb
lkN;RtwmRtUv c|aslas .
er]g
RBHezagnagnaK
RBHezagnagnaK ; KW Caer]gEdlman RbPBmkBI Na ehIy
PaKxageCIg
maner]geRBg CaeRcInEdlelIkeLIg BIkarkekIt n raCaNacRkExr.

ksarRbvtisaRs
Edlmantm
xs
(silacarwkvkSik
Rbvti RbeTscin Na nig RbeTsepSg>eT[t) eKseg,teXIjza er]geRBg

TaMgenaH minEmnsuTEtCa karRbDitsuTsaZenaHeT . mankEngxH GkelIk
eLIg nUv er]g TaMgenaH eRbICMenarGarmN hYsehtu buEn mankEngxH man

lkN; Rsed[g nwg RBwtikarN RbvtisaRsxH> Edr eTaHbI KankarkMNt
kalbriecTRtwmRtYvkI . er]gniTanxH Rsed[g nwg er]gEdleKniTanenARbeTs
Na enA maeLsIu. mageT[t cRkPBh)VNnenH ZMNas ehIy enA

nKrNa enAkgcRkPBenaH k**eKniTaner]gTaMgenHEdr. karyldwg GMBI Rbvti
CamYyer]gTaMgenaH
CaehtueZVIomankarbk
mageT[t eKmindwgzacabepImBitR:kdBIsm&y
Napg. CYnkal mankarRcLM CMnanesc EdlmannamRtkUl EtmYy. buEn
GVIEdlsMxan KWkardaker]gTaMgenaHoRtUv nwgkalbriecT n RBwtikarNRbvti
49
(Indraprasta ) [ebItamkarRsavRCav TIkEng n nKrenaH KW sit
enAcmayCag 20 K. m. BI TIRkug j EdlI
Les mythes fondateurs du Royaume khmer
saRsExr :nRtUveKcgPabeTA
(RsukrbsCnCatiExr) munRKws
skraC. tamesckIdMNal enAnKrmYyeQaH RnbT sitenARbeTsNa
karkekIt n raCaNacRkExr
RsaymindUcKaTaMgRsugeT.
saRs Bit> EdleK:ndwgc|as tamRbPBksar Edl eKsntza man
EdlTakTg nwg karkekIteLIg n RsukExr
er]geRBg TakTg nwg
ebIeRb{beZ[bmk
] manescmYyGg< mankUnRbus 5
nak . escenaH :nRbKlExRtbYneTAokUn 4 nakRKbRKg buEn TukkUn TI 5

EdlCakUneBA oenACitRBHGg< . eBlEdlkUneBAenaH ZMdwgkIehIy escenaH
k*dakraC RbKleTAokUnenaH. kUnbg bInak kgcMeNam kUnTaMgbYn Edl:n
ExRtmakmYyRKbRKg minylTaseT EtkUn TI 4 KW RBHezag minRBm Cadac
xat eRJHminylRsbnwg karelIkbnoRKbRKgbg>dUecH. RBHezag minRBm

eTAcUlrYmkgBiZI GPieskescCabneBAenaHeT. escCaRBHbita k*KitokUnTaMg
3 nakeT[teTAcabRBHezag Edlh)an bHe:rRbqaMg nwg RBHGg< buEneRkaymk

edayRBHezag manRbCanuraRs RsLajcUlcit RBHGg< k* seRmc bMbrbg
RBHezag eTAvij edaycatTuk RBHraCbuRtenaH za CakUn
katsasna. RBH
zag k*eZVIdMeNIr eTAdl eKakZk EdlkalenaH manCnCaticam cgRtYtRta
CnCatiExrr. RBHezag minRtUv nwg cameT ehIy k*CYyedjcam ecjBI nKr
eKakZk . BYkcamk*naMKarteTAcm|asak (TwkdILav sBVzenH) ehIy RBHezag

k*esayraCenAelITwkdI Edlcame:HbgecalEtmgeTA. RBHezag :ner[bkar
CamYynagnaK ehIyRKbRKg TaMgTwkdIEdl RBHGg< vayyk:n BIcamvij
TaMgTwkdI rbs BuknagnaK.
50
er]gRBHRKU km (Kambu) : er]gEdleKtMNal t>KaenH ehIyEdleK

dwg tamsilacarwk :nRtUveKykmkBnl BIedImkMeNIt n RbeTskmCa
rhUtmkdl sBVzenH .
km
( kambu < Kambuj < Kampucha ) Ca
eQaH rbsRBHRKUmakEdlCaedImkMeNIt nraCaNacRkExr. escExr

TaMgGs suTEtCakUnecA rbs sSI
Jk
vr&n
km EdlTMngCasav&k nRBHsIv.
km enH ExreyIgbkERbmkza
mas.
TwkdIRsukExr CaTwkdImas
(suvNPUmi) ehIyk*Ca TwkdI rbs RBHsIvEdr . rI per]g mandUcteTA ?

kalBIeRBgnay TwkdIExr CavalmYy d*sthYtEhg KanswgbwgbYGVITaMgGs
sUm|IEtTwkeP{g
k*KanZakmYydMNkEdr.
PMTaMgLayexaceralGsKansl
edaykMedARBHGaTwt ehIy bgaj nUvTidPaBKYroxac. stVRB man eta Ca
GaT RKhwmKYrost stVkEg,b EdlmanxnZMmhima hakbIdUcCa eRt{mxnva

CaeRsc edIm|Ihkmk . zmYy man GkdMeNIrmak mkBIqay maneQaHza
kmsVym
:nedIrmkdl nKr enaH . taMgBIRbBn rbs KateQaH emr
(Mera) EdlRBHsIv :nRbTano sab:teTA kmsVym edIrEtletal
KaneKaledA GVITaMgGs rgcaMEt esckIsabbueNaH. eBledIrrkCRmk Kat
:n eXIjKuhamYy rYck*cUleTAkg KuhaenaH ehIy eXIjsuTEt BsEdl

smkKattdakEPk. dkandav kmedIreqaHeTABsEdlZMCageK . KatPa\ k
Rkjag ehIyzyeRkaymYYyCMhan kalebI BsenaH niyayrkKat . naK

enaHsYrza
etIGkmkBINa :nCacUlmkkg Kuha rbs BYknaKeyIg Edl
Camas n nKrenH . kmeqIyza
KateQaHkmsVym escBYkGar .
RbBnKat eQaH emr RsIl elIseK Edl RBHsIv :nRbTano . RbBn
sVym mann&yza EdlekItmkg> KanGkNabeg,It.

51
Kat:nEckfan
:teTAehIy>
Kate:HbgRsukkMeNItKatecal
edIm|Imk
naKniyaytbvijza
Gk:n
sab enAdIval d* lVwgelVIyenH EdlKatxMEsVgrk. LvenH Kat:nrk

eXIjehIy
dUecHGkGacsmabxM:
\ nehIy.
niyayBI RBHsIv Gm|ajmijenH. RBHsIv Caesc rbs x\M ehIyx\M Caesc

naK. GkmanesckIkahanNas ebIGIucwg GkenACamYyeyIgeTA ehIybMePc
TukRBYyTaMgGm|alman enaHecaleTA .
kmsVym rsenA CamYynaKGs
CaeRcInqaM. naK EdlCaesc n RBHKg<a nig km rabGanKaeTAvijeTAmk.

enATIbMput
km
QbnwkRbBnKateT[tehIyk*er[bkarCamYyescnaKenaHeTA.
nagnaK RsLajmnusSNas ehIyecHsil|saRsGackaLaxn CamnusS
k*:n. km EtgEtniyayBIRsukkMeNItrbsKatR:bnagnaK . Katniyay

BIsmsS
GtItmatuPUmi
rbsKat
GMBI
reb[beZVIoRsUv
nig
edImeQI
duHehIyecjCaEp RBmTaMg kardaMrukCati nanaeT[tEdlmanRbeyaCn. Kat
k*niyayR:bpgEdr BIRClgPM EdlRbkbeTAeday rukCatiRssbMRBg RBm

TaMgRBRBwkSa.
escnaKniyay za kareZVIomanTwkeP{gZakmk nigkareZVIo
manCIvitrsRssbMRBg
CakargayRsYleT. luHniyayehIy
escnaK
k*
sURtJk BI_bImat ehIymYyRsbk bnabmk RsabEtTwkeP{gZakmkelIdI
nig sila . edImeQI tUc ZM k* duHeLIg eRJgRJt ecjBIdI . enAeBlenaH

RBHsIv
k*ecjmk
luHeXIjdUecH
escnaK
k*rtmgeTAxagenH
mgeTA
xagenaH . munnwgRtLbeTAvij RBHsIv niyayeTAkan kmsVym za KW Ca

Gm|rBUCsasn mnusSzI Edlnwgbeg,It raCaNacRk n RbeTs kmCa KW
RbeTs n kUnecA rbs km . tamkarRsavRCav EpkburaNvtviTa rbs

elak Eb)rNa hVIlIB RkUel
(Indochine carrefour des arts, Bernard
Philippe Groslier, Editions Albin Michel, 1961, p. 84 ) ecn_La :n

52
RtUv:kEbkGseTAvij enAcugstvtSrTI 8 buEn eday TwkdI ecn_La enH
hVan esayraC :nEt bIqaM bueNaH ehIy k*suKt:teTA . emT&B hVan eq
:nRtUvkatpac ecn_Lak*cabepImedaHRsaybJa edayxngpal. KW taMg
raC rbs hVan eq man BMu:neZVIo esc n nKr Citxag sb|ayciteT Ca
RbB&nEckcayTwk
eZVIsRg<am KW EtgEtvayyk RbeTsCitxag eZVICarNb rbs xn. hVan eq
sitenAxagkgdIeKak ehIy edayTMnakTMng CamYyRbeTs nana tamsmuRT

BIeBlenaHmkehIy
EdlRbeTsenHcabepImmaneTBekasl
enAsm&yGg<rdUcCa
:rayN
CaedIm.
xagkarksag
ehtudUecHehIy
:nCa GarZm(Exr sm&y Gg<r mankRmit xsbMput ehIy Casad rbs
sabtkr nigvisVkrExrpgeT[t. rcnabTR:saTTaMgLay EdleyIgeXIj

Ca rcnabT ExrsuTsaZ Kancmg BIeRkAmkeT.
hVwneT[n_lIv yI ; er]g hVwneT[n (Houen - t ien) Edl:ner[bkarnwg
escRsIExr lIv yI n nKreKakZk dUcEdlx\M:nelIkeLIg enAxagelI man

RbPB
mkBIksarcin
buEn
BMu:nbJakzaCaCVaRJhN
dUcksarepSg
eT[teT KWRKanEtniyayBIbursmak kanlTiRBhJsasna mkBI smuRTxag

t|g eJlKW GacmkBIRsukCVa
(Java) k*mkBIRbeTsNa. ebItamGtedma
LWEkr KW GacCaCnCatiNaenAkgcMeNamRKYsarcMnYn 2 mWunnak EdlmkBI
Na mktaMgTI enARsukCVaenAedImRKwsskraC. er]geRBgExr:nniTanza Cn

TaMgenaH mansm|rexA ehIy GkTaMgenaH EzmTaMg:nGHGag za BYkeK mkBI
JraNsI
(Bnars) eT[tpg. GtedmaLWEkr :nsresrza ebItamk
sarcin eRkay hVwneT[n h)UhineT[n manesc 6 Gg<eT[t EdlesayraC

bnbnabKa Gsry;eBl BIrstvtSr enAhV)Nn. ksarenaH :nbJak za
escRtkUlhVwneT[n mYyGg<RBHnam hVwn :n hVag
(Houen pan Houang )
esayraCrhUtdl Gayu 90 qaM. luH hVwneT[n TTYlmrNPaB eTA kUnrbs
man RtUveKEtgtaMgoeLIgesayraCenA hV)NnbnmkeT[t. kareLIg esay

BiessbNakSRt n nKr rNb eRJH hVan eq man enH CaesccUlcit
man eZVIsMeBAZM> CaeRcIn ehIy:nvayyk 10 nKr eZVI CarNb enAkgenaH

nKrmYycMnYn
enAeRCaymaLakka.
zmYy
hVan
eq
man
k*okUnRbusc|geQaH Kwn ecg dwkT&BeTAc|aMg ehIy TukEt T&B cMnYn 2 Jn

nak oky eQaH can
(kUnRbusc|g rbs bgRsIKat) sRmabkarJrKat.
buEn can EbrCaeRbIT&B 2 Jn nakenaH edIm|IdeNIm GMNacBI hVan eq man

CaBukmaeTAvij. can kayeTACaesc nKrh)VNn ehIyoeK eTAsmab raC
TayaT Kwn ecg pgeT[t. ebItamksarcindEdl_EdlGatedma LWEkr :n

elIkeLIgenaH _ kardeNImraCenH ekItmaneLIgenAqaM 230 nK. s. . hVan
eq man mankUnRbus makeT[t buEn kal enaH enAtUcenAeLIy. luH:nGayu
20 qaM kUnenaH k*RbmUlT&B eTAvayesc can Edl:nERCkraC nig smab

Bukxn.
luHsmabesc can :nehIy emT&Besc can eQaH sIuyun k*
smabkUn rbs hVan eq man
:nvij rYck*eLIgesayraCxngEtmg.
er]genH _ tamksarcindEdl _ ekIteLIgenAqaM 250 n K. s.. ebItam
er]g EdlExr:nelIkeLIg k*eXIj zaminxusKa bunanEdr . ebItamkarcarTuk
rbs ExreRkayhVwneT[n manesc 6 Gg< esayraCbn . ksar rbs
Gatedma LWEkr sresr eQaHesc TaMgenaH CaGkSr:raMgtamsUrsTExrKW ?
hVwneT[n eQaH hVan :nRtUveRCIstaMgoesayraCbn. esc Gg<enH :n

RbKl GMNacTaMgGs eTAoemT&BeQaH hVan eq man hVan man. esc
53
edayZakQW
54
youyouvormonti7, Kavalareach-Kaumar, Sauryavormonti, Tornntrvormonti, Adityvormonti, Asschey . C&yvr&n esayraC 70 qaM kvalraCkumar 20 qaM suriyavr&n 20 qaM ZniRnvr&n 20 qaM GaTitvr&n 20 qaM
GsSaC&y 11 qaM . bUkrYmmkTaMgGsKW 161 qaM
(1 stvtSr knHCag 2
stvtSr ebIKitBIry;eBlxH EdlKanescesayraC) . escTaMgenH man
namRbhakRbEhlKa nwg esc
vr&n enA sm&y Gg<r Edr eJlKWeQaH Ca
Pasa sMRs,it EdlbJakBI vtman n RBhJsasna.
(es[mrab). escExr sm&yGg<reRkay>mkeT[t :n
xitxMBRgwg kPaBExr ehIyksagR:saTCaeRcIn. Rnvr&n (877_889) :n
sagR:saTRBHeKa R:saT:Kg TiscMeJHeTvraC. yesavr&nTI 1 (889_
910) sagsg burIGg<r R:saT:Exg R:saTPMbUk ehIyer[bcMRbB&n Twk
sRmabCMrujksikm eday CIk:rayN ll EdlmanbeNayRbEvg 7
K.m. nig TTwg 1, 88 K.m.. C&yvr&n TI 4 (928_ 941) EdlCabnz yesa

vr&nTI 1 [C&yvr&n TI 4 :ner[bkar CamYyRBHGg< maskSRtIC&yeTvI EdlCa
Gg<r. raeCRnvr&n TI 2 (944_968) Edl:n er[bkarCamYy RBHGg<maskSRtI
enAqaM 802 escExrC&yvr&n TI 2 Edl manRbPBmkBIraCvgS n ecn _
LaTwk :nkayeTACa escnKrPM dUcescnana nh)VNn dUecHEdr. C&y vr&nTI
2 :ncabepImksag raCaNacRkmYy d*ZM KW raCaNacRkGg<r ehIy :n

naMmk nUv RbB&nRKbRKgmYy EdleKehAza eTvraC
(Devarja) Edlman
sIvlwg< Ca nimitrUb enAPMKUEln . C&yvr&nTI 2 oeKeKarBbUCa RBHGg<
(monarque universel) . ebItamlTieTvraCenH escCa mas n
BBYkeTvTaMgGs
hrihrl&y enArlYs
bnRsI yesavr&n TI 1] :nbeg,ItraCZanIzI enA ekaHEk cmay 100 K. m. BI
sm&yGg<r
CacRkvaTin
(le roi des dieux) . escGg<enH :nrMedaHRbeTs BIkarRtYt
RtarbsCVa ehIy :nbRgbbRgmCat ieLIgvij . raCZanI kalsm&y enaH KW
mehRneTvI
CaRBHZItubtI
embUn R:saTERbrUb,
(kUnRbsa)
rbsyesavr&nTI
1 :nsgR:saT
(xagt|g embUn) R:saTPimanGakas EdlsitenAxag
t|gR:saTRBH:lIL ehIy RJhNmakRBHnam yC\vrah; TIRbwkSa rbs
esc raeCRnvrr&n (944_968) :nsg R:saTbnayRsI enAEk|renaHEdr .

rI btCMu EdlsitenA xagt|g RsHRsg CaR:saT EdlnamWunmakeQaH
kviRnrimtN; :nsagsg . esayraC :nmYyqaM raeCRnvr&nRtUvRbQmmux

nwg sRg<amCamYycam n RbeTscm|a enAqaM 945. enAqaM 968 buRt rbs
raeCRnvr&n eLIgRKgraCeRkameQaHza C&yvr&nTI 5. tamkarBit KWBYkRJhN

EdlZab:neZVIkarCamYy raeCRnvr&n CabitaeT EdlRKbRKgRbeTs . C&yvr&n
TI 5 suKt enAqaM 1001 eday KanraCTayaT sRmabsgraC . raCvgSTI 2

7
ebItamGatedma LWEkr dEdlKW
YouYou < yy < Jaja = C&y +
vormonti eJlKW vr&n [varman] . yoyovormonti = Jayavarman
(C&yvr&n) . eQaH esc 5 Gg<eT[t Gacsresr ? kvalraC-kumar,

suriyavr&n, ZniRnvr&n, GaTitvr&n, GsSaC&y .
55
n kSRt sm&yGg<r cabepIm BIedImstvtSr TI 11 KW BIqaM 1002 dlqaM

1080. suriyavr&nTI 1 EdlCaraCPg<
Gsry;eBl 9 qaM eTIb:neLIgRKgraC
(usurpateur) :nRbyuTdeNImraC
(qaM 1002 rhUt dlqaM 1050) .
buRtTaMgBIr rbs esc Gg<enH :nrkSaraC rhUtdlqaM 1080. suriyavr&n

56
TI1 nigbuRtTaMgBIr rbs RBHGg< :nsagsg R:saTPMCIsUr sagsgbegIy

R:saTPimanGakas ksagmYyEpk nR:saTRBHvihar
(R:saTenH :nRtUv
enAqaM
1166
raCPg<makeT[tEdlCanamWunesc :neZVIKutescyesa
vr&n TI 2 ehIyeRkameQaHza RtIPUvnaTitvr&n RKbRKgRbeTs rhUtdleBl
sagsgeRkamraCesc 7 Gg< KW BI yesavr&nTI 1 [889_910] dlsuriya
camcUllukluyGg<r enAqaM 1177.
suriyavr&nTI 1 Edr. T&yTitvr&nTI 2 kUn TI 1 rbs suriyavr&nTI 1 :ncab
mktaMgTI enA TenRkhm KWtMbn :kbU tugkwg ehIyRkumxHeT[t eTArsenA
lic Gg<rZM RBmTaMgksag R:saT:PYn pgEdr . bnabBIkUncugeRkay rbs
stvtSr TI 10 nig TI 11 RbCaCn EdlrsenAxagt|gRbeTscin rYmbJl
mYyGg<eT[t KW
bnicmg> tamRClgTenemNam
vr&n TI 2 [1113_ 1150]) . R:saT RBHx&n kMBgsVay k*Ca sad rbs
epImCIk:rayN mYyd*ZM KW :rayN Twkza (Baray occidental) sitenAxag
suriyavr&nTI 1 suKteTA raCaNacRkExr ZakeTAkg kliyuKmYyd*ZM. raCPg<

C&yvr&nTI
6 :nbeg,ItraCvgSmYyeT[t
1160. escGg<enH :nksagR:saTPim
EdlmanrhUtdlqaM
(bcb|nenAkgdIes[m) ksagbn
R:saTRBHvihar R:saTvtPU . suriyavr&n TI
enAedImRKwsskraC
tamPMkgtMbn tugkwg
CnCatiyYn :ncakecjBIRsukcinPaKxagt|gehIy
nig mMxageCIgRbeTsLav
(CnCatiemv nig mYg). rvag
TaMg RbCaCn yUNan pgEdr :ncabepIm naMKacuHmktaMgTI enAtMbnxagt|g

salUGg nig TeneG[ravaDI
(CnCatiz) Tenemkug (CnCatiLav)
Ten
(PUma). CnCatizxH mkrsenA kgcRkPBExr
eLIgRKgraC bnabBI:n
Etmg . enAedImstvtSr TI 13 edayRtUv BYkmugeh,al eRkamkardwknaMrbs
6 . suriyavr&n TI 2 EdlRKgraC BIqaM 1112 / 1113 rhUtdlqaM 1150/
rsenAEpknirtIRbeTscinkgExRtyUNan naMKamkrsenAmM TenemNam. enA
KUmakd*ZM. KWescGg<enHehIy Edl:nsagsgR:saT Gg<rvt bwgmala
beg,ItrdmYyeQaH
eZVIKut escCaBukZM rbsRBHGg< ehIyEdlCa RBHGnuC rbs escC&yvr&nTI
52 CakSRtExrmYyGg< d* xaMgBUEk ehIy EdlescRkugcin catTukza Cad

RBmTaMg:nsagsgbegIy
R:saTvtPU
R:saTRBHvihar.
enAqaM
1123
suriyavr&n TI 2 :nvay RbeTs hS ev[t (RbeTsev[tNam) EdleTIb
yg yIsxan
(Gengis Khan) vayRbhar kulsm&nmYy n CnCatizEdl
qaM 1283 CnCatiz Edl:nmktaMgTIenARtg TenemNam PaKkNal :n

eT[t ? GayuZa
suexaT&y.
kulsm&nz
nanaeT[t
k*naMKabeg,ItrdepSg
(enAxagt|g TenemNam) nig LanNa (enAxageCIg).
rd
TaMgenH TasETgKa tRsakRsan . enATIbMput GayuZa :nykQHeTAelI
nwg :nkraCBIcinenAqaM 939. karvaylukenH EdlRtUvbJb enAqaM 1136
suexaT&yenAqaM 1350 ehIybeg,ItrdmYy eQaHRbeTses[m . rdsuexaT&y
ehIydak
enAqaMbnab.
BMu:nlTplGVIeT . enAqaM 1144 suriyavr&n :nvayyk RbeTs cm|a

hrieTv
CabnzoRKbRKg
nKrcm|a
mYyqaMeRkaymk
buEn
hrieTv :nRtUv kSRtcammak eQaH C&yhrivr&nTI 1 eZVIKutenAqaM 1147 . luH

suriyavr&nTI
suKteTA
ZrniRnvr&nTI
eLIgRKgraC
escbnab KW yesavr&n TI 2 (1160_1166) .

57
(1150_1160).
rlay:t eTAvijenAqaM 1438 ehIy RbeTses[menH cUlmklukluy Gg<r
munnwgelIkeLIgGMBI RbCaCnTaMgenH eyIgvilmkniyayBI kSRt
Exrsm&yGg<r bnmkeT[t.
enAqaM 1177 kgT&Bcam n RbeTscm|a :nvaylukburIGg<r. kgT&B
eCIgTwkcam dwknaMedayCnCaticinmak :neLIgedaysmat mkdlGg<r tam

58
Tensab ehIyvayykTIRkugExr:n bnabBImankarTbTl bgrQammYy d*
sasna vilmkvij. KWCaRbtikmRbqaMg nig lTiBuTsasna Edlesc C&y
Gg<r Gsry; eBl 4 qaM KW rhUt dl qaM 1181 . KWenAqaMenaHehIy Edl
:nnaM lTiBuTsasnahinyan mkpgeT[t. Rnvr&nT I3
escExrmYyGg< d*xaMgka enAkgRbvtisaRsExr. RBHGg< :nrMedaHRbeTs BI
kanlTiBuTsasna
sem|ImGsar. BYkenHsmabescExr RtIPUvnaTitvr&n :n ehIyk*taMgTI enA

C&yvr&n TI 7 naMT&BeCIgTwkmkvay edjcamxatxayGs . C&yvr&n TI 7 Ca
smuRTTuk eRJHEtkarQanJn BIsMNak nKrcm|aenH. RBHGg< minRtwm
EtCaGkdwknaMkgT&B d*BUEk bueNaHeT Et k* CaGkksagRbeTs Rbkbeday
citmnusSZm(eT[tpg. minyUrbunan RBHGg<vayyk nKrcm|avij ehIyRKb
RKgnKrenaHGsry; eBl 20 qaM. enAkgraCescExrGg<enH TwkdIRbeTs

kmCa RKbdNbenATisJyB rhUt dl Ten emNam (ecAR:ya) TisGa
vr&nTI
eKarBbUCa
(BuTsasnamhayan). Rnvr&nTI 3 (RsI_Rnvr&n) k*
(RsI Rnvr&n)
Edl:ner[bkar CamYykSRtI RnPUebsVrsuta buRtI rbsC&yvr&nTI 8 CaGk

hinyan
GkTaMgBIr :nlYcykRBHx&nmas
ehIy
cabbgMo escC&yvr&nTI 8 dakraC RBmTaMgykkUnescGg<enH EdlCa raC

TayaT eTAXMuXaMgeZVITaruNkm katGvyv edIm|IdeNImraCsm|ti . C&yvr&n
TI 8 CaGkeKarBbUCa RBHsIvyagxaMgka . RBHGg<oeKkMeTcbdimaRBHBuT enA

bnaykI enAR:saT taRBh R:saT :y&n R:saTRBHx&n . clnaRbqaMg
nwglTiBuTsasna kalenaHmanlkN; d* BuHkeRJal . Rnvr&nTI 3 eLIg
(ev[tNam
RKgraCBIqaM 1295 dlqaM 1308. KWwesc Gg<enHehIy Edl:nTTYl Gk
Lav. CnCatiz EdlkalenaH :nRtUvExrcatTukCa GnarCn :neRC{tcUl
(1295_1308) manesc BIrGg< KW RnC&yvr&n (1308_1327) nig C&yvr&n
eKy dIsN Tenemkug TaMgGs rYmbJlTaMg TwkdI kUsaMgsIun

xagt|g) pgeT[t
RBmTaMgTissan
EpkkNal
nig
xageRkamRbeTs
mktaMgTI enAtamCayTwkdI n cRkPBExr ehIy eq{tOkasExrcuHTnexSay
karTUtcin CU ta kVan enArvagqaM 1296/ 1297. eRkayescRsI_Rnvr&nenH

TI 9
[bremsVr;] (1327_1336) EdlsuTEtCa GkeKarBbUCaRBHsIv yag
:n ksagrdGMNacrbseKyagxaMg rYcvayluk cRkPBExrEtmg. CnCati
sVitsVaj. mkdlRtgenH KYrktsMKalza er]g taRtskEpm Edlza :n
sIun GtItdIExr RBnKr Edl RbeTsev[tNam :nRcwbyk enAqaM 1698
eLIgeZVIescxngEtmg CakarbkRsay er]gBit EtmYykMNatbueNaH eRJH
Exr enARbeTses[m man cMnYneRcInlannak dUcExreRkamEdlrsenA kUsaMg

dUecHEdr.
C&yvr&nTI
CaGkkanBuTsasnamhayan.
RBHGg< :nksag
Gg<rZM R:saT:y&n R:saTRBHx&n taRBh naKB&n . escbnabmkeT[t KW

Rnvr&nTI 2 RBHraC buRt rbs C&yvr&nTI 7 CamYy mhakSRtI C&yraCeTvI
esayraC BIqaM 1218 dlqaM 1243 .
buEn bnabBIescGg<enH manesc
mYyGg< EdlBMuCabExSraCvgSC&yvr&nTI 7 :neLIgmkRKgraC eRkamRBHnam

zaC&yvr&n TI 8
(1243_1295) . enAkgraCC&yvr&n TI 8 enH lTiRBhJ

59
ecallMEBgeZVIKutesc EdlmklYcebHRtsk enAkgcm,ar edayP&nRcLM rYc

ebItamkarsnidan
rbsGksavRCavRbvtisaRsxH
KWWCaer]gEdlTakTg
nig
bdivtnBuTsasna EdlekItmaneLIgenAsm&yenaH. RBwtikarNenHRsb nwg

kareZVIKutescmYyGg< EdlraCBgSavtar
sIhnuraC .
ksarenaH
TMngCa
(Chronique royale) R:bza RBHnam
niyayminc|aslas
edaymUlehtu
epSg> ehIyCYnkal manlkN;Rsed[g nwger]gniTan n RbeTs maeLsIu
RbeTsNaeT[tpg . buEn ebIeKvil mkBinit ksar RbvtisaRs

60
Caklak escEdl:nRbKllMEBg otaRtskEpm edIim|IkarJrcm,ar Rtsk
des Yuan) . karKMramkMEhg BIsMNakes[m :nCMruj oescExr ecABja
(C&yv&nbremsVr;). karEdlKYrktsMKal KWza C&yvr&n TI 9
RsIsnr (RsIsQr) vij. enAqaM 1384 kgT&Bcam :nvayykTIRkug zag
ehIyEdl:nRtUv taRtskEpmeZVIKut edaylMEBgenaH KW RbEhl Ca esc

C&yvr&nTI 9
CaGkeKarBbUCaRBHsIv ehIytaRtskEpm taC&yenH
(BjaC&y) Edlkan
yat e:HbgraCZanIGg<recalenAqaM 1432 ehIymktaMg raCZanI enA :san
Lg
(haNUy) . TIRkugyYnenH eh[bEt nwg Zak eTAkgkNabdcam eTA
lTiBuTsasna (hinyan) :nRtUv namuWn elIkoeLIgsgraCesc EdlKat
ehIy buEn :nRtUvyYn vayedjvij:n . yYnRbyuTtTl nwg cam mgcaj
:neZVIKutC&yvr&n TI 9 enaH EdlkanlTiRBhJsasna . kalenaHRbCaCn
cm|a:nTaMgmUl ehIy pacRB&RtEtmg.
:neZVIKut
edayRcLM enaH. tamkarsnidanrbs RbvtiviTU KWBYknamWuneT Edl
RTaMRT nwgkarRKbRKg rbsbNaesc
vr&neT[t ElgekIt eRJH RtUveKekN
mgQH Gsry;eBld*yUr buEn enAqaM 1471 hS ev[t :nvayyk RbeTs

putBIcameTA RbeTskmCa :tbg sRtUvQanjn mYy d*ZM k*BitEmn
oeTAsagsgR:saT nig CIk:rayN k*eZVIsRg<am Kanzcb bNal
buEn taMgBIeBlenaHmk RsukExr RtUvRBQmmux nwg es[mpg nwg raCaNa
ebI
taRtskEpm EdlCaGkkanlTiBuTsasna :neLIgRKgraC
Jn TwkdIExr:n. xagRbeTses[meNaHvij eKk*vayyk TwkdIExr Ca bn
saRs :nbJakmageT[tza cabtaMgBI taRtskEpm mk escExrKaneQaH
TI 2, ecA Bjacn ehA cnraCa] (1516_1566) escExr n raCvgSzI :n
o:kEbkRKYsar KYrosegVK . enAkgn&yenH ksar xH:nbJakza kal

:ndwgza
CMnYs BYkesc
vr&n BYkeK sb|aycit RkElg . karviPaK ksar Rbvti
vr&n eT[teT. eTaHCayagenHk*eday k* lTiBuTniym mhayan
stV) enAEtmanbnmkeT[t
ehIylayLM
CamYyRBhJsasna
(tYGg<eJZi
nig
BuT
sasnahinyan CalMdabEdr . escmYyGg< naJkkNalTI 2 n st

vtSrTI 15 KW RsIZmraCa TI 1 :nRtYveKcatTukzaCa RBHeJZistV .
bnabBIC&yvr&nTI 7 :txn enAqaM 1218
cRkyYnGNampg. eTaHCayagenHkI TalEtqaM 1658 eTIbyYn cUlmkQan
bnabEdr cabtaMgBI JkkNalstvtSr TI 14 mk. Gg< c&n TI 1 [brmraCa

mktaMgraCZanI enAbnaylEgVk
(skRTU) . enAqaM 1583 es[m:nsakl|g
vayyk bnayd*ZMenH buEn min:nseRmc. Gg< c&n TI 1
:nykC&yCMnH
eTAelIT&B es[mvij:nenAes[mrab. enAkgraCbrmraCaTI 3 (1566_1576)
EdlCa buRtrbsRBHGg< RsukExr mankarrIkceRmInlUtlasl . escGg<enH
(edImstvtSrTI 13) cRkPB
:ndwknaMRbCaCnoeTArsenA Gg<rvij. enAqaM 1570 Gg<r :nkayeTACa raC
CnCatiz paem]g nig :g kaMg ezA edjecj BIsuexaT&y. enAqaM 1238
mk es[m:ncabepImvayykTwkdIExr 3 elIk (1351, 1444, 1593) . Exr
Exr cabepImcuHexSay. enA qaM 1238 ecAhVayExRtExrenAsuexaT&y :nRtUv
ZanIExrvij. buEn minyUUrbunan es[mcuHmklukluyRsukExrbnmkeT[t. kng
enaH suexaT&y rMedaHxnecjBIcRkPBExr. enAqaM 1285 escC&yvr&nTI 8
:nedj eTAvijGs buEn enAqaM 1594 es[mvayyk bnaylEgVk :n.
kalenaHCaGZiraCnRbeTscin ehIy Casabnik n raCvgS y&n
l ecaTsYrza etImkBI eZVIGaCIvkm dIGg<r eRcInhYsehtu nig eRbITunmnusS
RtUvbgsYysarGakroGZiraCmugeh<al Xub)Il&yxan (Khoubilai Khan) Edl
61
(dynastie
taMgBIeBlenaHmk RsukExr k*ZakcuHdundabrhUt. elakEb)rNa_hVIlIB RkU
62
hYsRbmaN mYy k* mkBI lTiBuTsasna ezrvaT / GVIEdleKBMuGacRbEkk
mWun 5 Jn nak mkTIRkugGg<r . kgT&BmYy mancMnYn R:MJnnak :nRtUv
neya:y nig clnaRbCasaRs enAkgtMbn taMgBIstvtSrTI 13 mk KW taMg
sitenA eRkambJakar rbs rama sYn . kgT&BTaMgBIr RtUveZVIdMeNIr TaMg yb
:n KWkarRbECgkmaMg enAkgtMbn bnabBIman karERbRbYl EpkPUmisaRs_
RbKleTAo sIu savat CaRBHraCnta. kgT&BmYyeT[t mancMnYnmYymWun nak
BIBYkmugeh<al cUllukluy GasIuxageCIg. clna enH :nrujRcan RbCaCn
TaMgzeTAGg<r . edaymin:ndwgCamun kgT&BExrenARBMEdn TbTl nwg T&B
yk cRkPBExr EdlkMBughten]y yagxaMg kgkarksag cRkPBmYy d*ZM
RbjabbJnT&B eTATbTl . sIusavat emT&Bes[m :nRtUvExr:jsabenA
z ocuHmktMbnxagt|g. suexaT&y nig GayuZa manmhictamYy d*ZM KWWvay

sem|Im Gsry;eBl CaeRcInstvtSr kngmk.
karQanJn rbses[m enAJkkNal
nig cugstvtSrTI 14 enAedImstvtSr TI15

nig cugstvtSr TI 16
EdlkalenaHsitenAeRkamraC rbs G)U zug
(ramaZibtITI 1) cUl mkluk
luyRkgGg<r (nbT)8 . enAqaMenaHg esces[m:nbJnkgT&B RbmaN 1

G)U zug CaGkbeg,It raCaNacRkGayuZa enAqaM 1347 ehIy:nRtUveKcat
TukzaCasabnik
(Gg<rZM) :ndwger]genH lMBgSraCa k*
elIwxgdMrI . :ndMNwgenaH kalNa esces[m bJnkgT&B d*eRcInmkEzm

eT[t eRkambJakar rbs brmraqa RBHZItubtI
KW kUnRbsaRbus mkRsuk
Exr ehIyokUnbInak rbs rama sYn KW ecA :sat ecA :Gat nig ecA
kMbg-BIsI odwkT&BmkCYyrama sYn pgeT[t . rIkgT&BExr kalebIsmab
emT&Bes[m sIu savat :nehIy> eXIj T&Bes[mdkzyeTATlEdnvij k*
sanza T&BExrQHT&Bes[mcbsBVRKbGsehIy k*RtLbeTA nbTburI vij

edaynaM TaMgesH dMrI rbs bcamit EdleKyk:n mkCamYypg.
enAqaM 1351 enAkgraCescRsI_lMBgSraCa kgT&Bes[mmkBIGayuZa
es[mBMu:n . luH namWun nbTbUrI
nRbeTses[m(1350).
nKrsuexaT&ysitenAeRkamGMNac
eyaZa rbsGayuZaenAqaM 1378 ehIyrlaycUlGayuZa enAqaM 1438 . buEn
bueNaHesat luH:ndl Gg<rZM ehIy k*rMsay kgT&Becal GseTAvij .
edayTIRkugTaMgmUl mankgT&B Et bnicbnc bueNaH kgT&Bes[m k*vayyk

Gg<r :nedayRsYl . eBlenaH esclMBgSraCa dwkT&B mYykg eTARbyuT
nwg kgT&Bes[m bNaloman karbgrQam mYyd*ZM . bnabmk RBHGg< k*
dkzy mkraCvaMgvij . eTaHCayagenHkI k*Gg<rsitenA kgdes[mdEdl .

RsI-lMBgSraCasuKtenAqaM 1353 edayCmW . RsIsurieyaT&y CaRBHGnuC
RKgraCbn
min:nmYyqaMpg
k*suKt:teTA
edayRtUv PUma cUlvayluk GayuZa k*RtUv Puma yk:nenAqaM 1767. buEn enAqaM
1775 tmesnIy taksIun :nrujRcanT&BPUmaecjBIGayuZa ehIyeLIgRKgraC

rhUtdlqaM 1782.
63
minEt
kUnRbsaRbus (kUnRbsarRsI ; raCsuNisa)

64
enAkgkarRbyuTpalmYy
Ca
mYyes[m. esces[mdak ecA :sat oRKgraCenAGg<r edayRbKlT&B 1
enACMnan esc brmraCaTI TI 2 (ecABjacn c&nraCa, 1516_1566)
mWunnak sRmabkarJrTIRkug. esces[menH :nodwkCJnRTBsm|ti eRK]g
es[m:ntRmUvoescExrzVaysYysarGakr dMrIs buEn eday cnraCa BMu RBm
mas eBRC esH dMrI ykeTARsukes[mGs . es[mRKbRKgGg<r Gsry;
es[mk*
:nvij.
eT[tpg.
eBl 6 qaM . enAqaM 1357 RsI-surieyavgS :nelIkT&B mkvayyk Gg<r

enAqaM 1393 enAkgraCRBHZmesak
(1371_1393) es[mcUlluk
luyRsukExrsaCazIeT[t ehIyvayyk TIRkugGg<r:n . kgT&Bz EzmTaMg

:nsmabescExr RBHZmesak enA kNalzl pgeT[t . es[m :ncab
elIkT&BmYysaeT{t
mkvayykGg<r
buEn
RtUvT&BExr
rujRcan
enAqaM 1588 enAkgraCescC&yeCdaTI 1 buRtrbsRBHsuta
(brmraCa
eTAvijGs ehIyEzmTaMgcab:n Tahanes[m cMnYnmYymWunnak eZVICaeQIy
TI4, 1576_1594) Edlman Gayu 11 qaM
(buEnEdlkickarRbeTs sitenA
kgdRBHstadEdl) es[m:nvaylukmgeT[t eTaHbI kalCMnanraCRBHsta
namWunExr nigT&BExrCaeRcIn KWRbmaN 7 mWunnakykeTARsukes[m elIkElg
escExr:nbJn kgT&BExrcMnYn 2 mWunnak eTACYyes[m enAeBlEdl TIRkug
eTAtam ecABjayat edaynaMykRBHx&nraC nig lMEBgC&y eTAmYypg. KW
es[melIkenH min:nTTYleCaKC&yeT buEn munnwgdkT&BzyeTAvij eRJHGs
BIRsuk ExreTARsukes[m. ecABjayat Edl:nrtrYcBIes[m :n mktaMg TI
cUlKum#sSI EdlCarbg karJrbnaylEgVk CaehtueZVIo BYkmRnIExr Edl
EtRbCaCnExrPaKeRcIn
enAnbTburI RBmTaMgBYkberahitEdl:nrtrYc
ehIy
enAeBles[m cUllukluy enAelIkenaHehIy Edl es[m :nyk RBHeKa

enARsukRsIsnr.
ecABjayat
Et:nbJn raCg<rkS
(brmraCaTI1) BMuelIkT&B eTAvayes[meT
(mhat) BIrnak manKaTaMgGs 17 nakeTAlYcsmab
BjaERBk KW kUnesces[m Edlesces[mcat omkRKbRKg Gg<r .
ecA
Bjayat :nseRmceKaledAenH EtraCCg<rkSTaMgBIrnak rbs RBHGg<RtUv

Gg<rkS rbs BjaERBk
(nraCa) Rbl&yCIvit:nvij . bnabmk ecABja
GayuZa c|aMgtTl nwg PUma rhUtdl :nC&yCMnH k*eday. karvay rbs
es|{g es[m:neRbIkll|icmYy d*manBisBul KW :n:j R:kdYgCaeRcIn
mancitePItePIn oeKkabq,ar rbg#sSI edIm|IykR:kdYg. luHdwgza l|ickl

rbsxn :nhuclTpll es[melIkT&BmksaCazIeT[t d*eRcIn snwksnab
ehIyvayyk bnaylEgVk:n enAqaM 1594. taMgBIeBlenaHmk RsukExr

ZakcuHdundabyagxaMg.
KYrktsMKalpgEdrza karZakcuHdundab n raCaNacRkExr manedIm
yat naMT&B nig RbCaCn enAGg<r cUleTAvayedjT&Bes[m . enAeBlcUl
ehtu mundMbUgbgs mkBIkarERbRbYlEpkPUmisaRs_neya:yenAkgtMbn enA
nagenaH eQaH
GsmYyPaKZM RBmTaMgGWrubEpkbUJ( mYyPaKEdr. eTaHbIRbeTskmCa :neKc
eTAkgraCvaMg
RsabEtecABjayat
eXIjRsIes[mmakkMBugyMxSwkxSl.
es{m Ca RbBn rbs esces[m EdleTIb nwg :nRtUv
mhat rbsBjayatsmab. ecABjayat cabciteshaeTAelInag ehIy

k* elIkoeZVICasMk rbs RBH Gg<Etmg .
65
stvtSrTI 13. kalenaH RbeTsmugeh<al :ncUlvayluk TVIbGasIuxageCIg
putBI mhictaenH rbs BYkmugeh<alkI (eRJHraCaNacRkExr eBlenaH k*man

kmaMgxaMgkaEdr) k*RbCaCnz EdlrsenAEpknirtI n RbeTscin
66
:nnaMKart
mktaMgTIenA RtgGagTenemNam. eRkayBII :nksagrd (suexaT&y LanNa
enAeBlenaHEdr KW Gacman Gaz(kM:MgeRCACagenH dUcCa karsmabesc eday
KW Gsry;eBl 4 stvtSr rhUtdl vayyk bnaylEgVk :n enA
(tamksarraCBgSavtar
GayuZa) rbseK:nxaMgkaehIy CnCatiz k* taMgvay raCaNacRkExrrhUt
cugstvtSr TI 16 . bnabmk BYkyYncUlmklukluyRsukExrEzmeT[t Tnwm
BYknamWunCaedIm. GVIEdlc|as KW bnabBI esc sIhnuraC buRt rbs esnaka
Chronique royale) buEntamkarRsavRCavzI>
KW
C&yvr&n TI 9 [bremsVr] 1327_1336) :nRtUvtaRtskEpmsmabehIy eK
nwg karQanJn tRsakRsan BIsMNakRbeTses[m.
eXIjmankarbr BIlTiRBhJsasna mkBuTsasnavij. enAkgn&yenH eK
bdivtn BuTsasna enAstvtSr TI 14
bnabBI:n smabesc RBHnam sIhnuraC enaHehIy taRtskEpm:ner[bkar
cabtaMgBIstvtSrTI 14 mk eKBMueXIjman ksarsiilacarwkeT[t eT.
ksarRbvtisaRsExr eRkay>mk CakarelIkeLIg rbs namWun nig kvI Exr

dUcCa
RBHraCBgSavtarnKeExr n vtekakkak
raC n vtsitbU
RBHraCBgSavtarxtiy mha
RBHraCBgSavtarRkugkmCaZitI rbs vaMg CYn k* sad
bTkMNaBrbskvI bTum :rmIeBRC CaedIm . elakGatedma LWEkrEdlsr

esr es[vePA
RbvtisaRs n RbeTskmCa
(Histoire du Cambodge
depuisle1 sicle de notre re, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1914) :n RsavRCav

er
saRsaswkrwt nigRkaMgCaeRcIn RBmTaMgGtbTEdlmancuHpSay enAkgRBwtb&Rt

sala:raMg xagcugbUJ(RbeTs
(B.E.F.E.O.). elak:neZVIkarp<rp<gCamYy
ksarcin es[m ev[tNam Na RBmTaMg RbPBepSg>eT[t. elakGatedma

ktsm<alza mankEngxH er]geRBg nigRBwtikarNRbvtisaRs RsbKa buEn
mankEngxH bkRsaytamTsSn; RbCaRbiy. er]gEdlza taRtskEpm ehA

naycay :nsmab esc nig lMEBg edayRcLM ehIy eLIgesayraC
xng EtmgenaH k* manEbbEpn RbhakRbEhl nwg RBwtikarNRbvtisaRsxH
67
GacsnidanzaenAstvtSrTI 14 mankarpas brmYyd*ZM . KYrbJakpgEdrza

CamYy RBHGg<maskSRtI c&nvrvtI buRtI rbs escGg<enH EdlCaesckanlTi
RBhJsasna . RBHGg<maskSRtI c&nvrvtI eBltaRtskEpm eLIgesay

raC man RBHnamza RsI-cenaraC . cMeJHkalbriecTvij xHylza bdivtn
BuTsasnaenaH KYrEtekIteLIgenAcugstvtSr TI 13 KW enA qaM 1290. kar
sikSatamksar
raCBgSavtar
BMu:npl
nUvkalbriecTc|aseT
(Cf Les
chroniques royales, Khin Sok, Mon-khmer studies VI, 191-215, cf Essai

de classification, 17, George Coedes) buEn Ca ksarsMxanbMputeRkay
silacarwk . escExrcugeRkay bgsEdlman enAkgsilacarwk KW C&yvr&n_

bremsVr. cabtaMg BIqaM 1340 mk manEt ksar Edl namWunExr:nsresr
bueNaH EdlplBt(man TakTgnwg RbvtisaRsExrbnmkeT[t buEn manxus
kalbriecTKYroktsMKal. edayehtuenHehIy :nCa elakGatedma LWEkr
GHGag tamraC BgSavtarza elakmanksarmYy EdlbJakza taRtskEpm

TTYlmrNPaB enAqaM 1317 enAkgCnayu 70 qaM bnabBI:nRKgraC Gs
ry;eBl 17 qaM KW minEmn TTYlmrNPaBenA qaM 1340 eT. karBit KWenAqaM

1340 (RKgraC BIqaM 1336). CamYyRBHGg<maskSRtI c&nvrvtI taRtsk
68
Epmman buRtBIrGg< KW RBHbrmniJVnbT (1346_1351/2) nig RBHsiTanraCa
(1351/2 ) .
Etmg.
RBHGg< saksYrnamWunsBVmuxmRnIza maneXIjnaKenaHeT. buEn Kan
mRnINaza:neXIjnaKenaHeLIy . enAeBlenaH eK:npldMNwgmYymkza

TwksRmab escRsgTwkenAkgKuhaPM:Nn eLIgBN(RkhmdUcTwkl&k. RBH
Gg< k*ekaHehA em:rKU RBHsIP&n mhaRBHraCRKU nig RBHeharaZibtI mk
esc kn
saksYrkatsubin d*cEmkenaH. RBHsIP&n TUlRBHraCaza RBwkmijenH eK
RsI_suKnbT buRtrbs ZemaraCa
(1468_1504) eLIgRKgraC enAqaM
1504. eBlenaHRBHGg< manRBHCnayu 32 RBHvsSa. RBHraCGnuC rbs

RBHGg<
Bjac&nraCa
minylRBm
ehIy
k*cakecjBITIRkugeTA
kT&B
bH
e:rRbqaMg nwg RsI-suKnbT . luH:nRKgraCehIy RsIsKnbT :ncak

ecjBIlEgVk eTAtaMgraCZanIenA :san kgRsukRsIsnr KWW kEngEdlesc
BjayatCaRBHGyeka :nmktaMgraCZanI. bursmakeQaH BiC&ynaK RBm

TaMgPriyaeQaH
em :n :nyknags
EdlmanrUblRssRbimRbiy
Ca
kUnRsI eTAzVayRBHGg<eZVICasM . RsI_suKnbT k*ylRBm ehIyelIknago

eZVICa sMk ehIy EtgtaMg bgRbusnag eQaH kn oeZVICa mhatlik.
eRkaymkeT[t kn :nTTYleKarmgar Ca kja mWun eshaecamcit . RBH

Gg< :nTTYlkarriHKnyagxaMg eRJHRKYsar BiC&ynaKenH Ca
BlRBH min
GaceLIgfan;xs:neLIy. enAraRtImYyenaH naExEcRtqaM 1508 hg RsI_
suKnbT ylsbieXIj nKrZakeTAkg kliyuK. RBHGg<RTgRBHsubineXIj

naKmYy man#TiGsar edjRBHGg< RBmTaMg briva ecjGs BIvaMg. naKenaH
RBYsBis nigePIgdutTIRkug eqHqabGs Kansl. vasHeTAJMesVtcRt rYcrt
eTATisxagekIt:teTA . luHRBwkeLIg eBlRBHGg<cUleTAkgbnbRbCMu Rsab
EtRBHGg< emIleXIj naKBIr eQalmYy jImYy enABIelIk|alXunhgkn
69
:neXIjRBHx&nraC manduHswm ehIyenH CaRbplminlesaH KW RsukGac

ekItekalahl. RBHraCehara TUlRBHGg<eT[tza man bursmak ekItenAqaM
xal KW qaMxa nwgERCkraC ehIytaMgTIenATisbUJ( . escRsI_suKnbT man

karPitP&ykk,ma eRJH Xunhgkn ekItenAqaMxal. RBHGg< k* bJaoeKcat
Ecger[bcMBiZIensaTRtImYy EdlmanGkmuxGkkar CMTavXunNag EhhmeTA

pg. escobJaza enAzenaHRBHGg< nwg bJao kn muCTwk ehIyoeKe:H
sMNajekab Xun hgkn TukozbdegImsabkgTwkEtmg. sMk CabnRsI
Xunhgkn lbsab:ndMNwgkalNa RBwkeLIgzensaT k*sresrsMbuRt
mYydakkg:ysMNMuep\IeTA Xunhgkn Cabg R:bBI :yklenH rbs
esc ehIyGgVrkMuo kn CabgRtLbmkvaMgvijoesaH . dwger]genHPam kn

k* elIkd RbNmelIk|al ERskeLIgza xnCa GkbeRmIesc edayPkIPaB
bMput cuHehtudUcemc k*EbreTACadUecHeTAvij. eBlcabepImkarensaT esck*
bJaoknmuCTwkdUecHEmn. kn muCeRCAeTAkgTwkputBIsMNaj rYck*EhleTA

qayBITIenaHeTAdlbwgTTa ehIysmMBYnenAKumERtg rhUtdleBlzrH. Ezg
BIescvij
kalebImineXIjsaksB
Xunhgkn
enAkgsMNaj
k*kanEt
mankarPitP&yEzmeT[t. RBHGg<bJaoeKrkcab kno:n. kneTABYnenAkg

vtEdlRKUcasrbseK eZVIZm(enATIenaH. RKUrbs Xunhgkn oGkbeRmIesc d*
GP&BVenH
rteTATisxagekIt
ehIy
rgcaMvasnarbsxn
70
Xunhgkno
GsBYk:vRJv rbsxn nig KIKaRbmaN 50 nak ykeRK]gGavuZ mkoenA
TTYlrgVanCamas 100 tmwg . eRJHEtcg:nrgVan mnusSmaCaeRcIn :nnaM
RBzda edaysmat. :nGavuZehIy Xunhgkn nig bkSBYk k*eZVIdMeNIreTA
KacUlXunhgknyagsnwksnab. sMkbnRsI Xunhgkn
ExRt:PMCabnan . eTAdl:PM Xunhgkn smabecAhVayRsuk enAcMeJHmux
bJakza
taMgxn RtYtRta ctumux edayeRbIeQaHesc ehIyxn Edlmk:PMenH KW tam
niyay nwg knpg buEn knR:bvijza ocaMmYyExeT[tsin t|item> BYkT&B
za KWedIm|IxneKeTAvij. XunhgknR:beT[tza GkNaesaH nwg esc k*
Rsug KWwykcMeNjeBl edIm|I RbmUlT&B o:n kanEteRcInEzmeT[tenAtam
BYkRkmkarEtmg ehIyRbkasza ecAhVayRsukk|tesc cUldc&nraCa Edl

bJaRBHraCaoelIkT&BtTlnwgc&nraCa. buEneRkaymk eTIbXunhgkn R:b
esaHeTA buEnRtUvdwgza dl xneK:nGMNac eKnwgrMedaHTaskr oecjputBI
karRbkanvN; eJlKW BIkarcatTukza vN;vsS nigsURTsuTEtCaGkman

eTasenaH. Xunhgkn niyayeT[tza nwg rMedaHGkTaMgenaHoeTACa
RBgar
maneQaHza
nag
eBA
[Edlksar xH
ehIyEdler]geRBgniyayza
KWnag
RsIsQr RsIsnr] :nGgVr RbBnmak rbs Xunhgkn oeTACYy
BMuTaneTAdlpHeK GsenAeLIyeT. tamkarBit Xunhgkn eZVIpy BIenH TaMg
ExRtnana edaybMpusbMpulza escoekNmnusS elIkT&BeTAcab c&nraCa .

er]genH :nRtUveKykmkniyay CahUrEh JseBj kgRsukExrTaMgmUl .
buEn esck*suxciteC]sinEdr ehIyhamminoGkNaeZVIGVIeTAelI Xunhgkn
vijKW omanesrIPaBvij ehIy nwg temIgs&kiyso GkTaMgenaH EzmeT[t.
eLIy enAkgeBlmYyExenaH. c&nraCa enAeBlenaH k*eC]za escmankarRBm
vayykExRtEdlsitenACit>enaHEzmeT[t.
eTA . enAqaM 1508 c&nraCa sMuRCkekanenARbeTses[m.
JksmIrbs
kn :neZVIoXunhgknbeg,ItkgT&BmYyd*rwgmaM:n
ehIyecj
kgT&BTamkanEtrIkZMeTA>yag
qabrh&s. sabeyabl rbs eyamraC escbg<ab BiC&ynaK CaBuk Xun
eRB{gCamYyknEdr
ehIyedaymankarPitP&y
k*eP[sxneTARbeTses[m:t
enARsukExrenHvij escsuKnbT RbEmRbmUlkgesna ehIyEbgEck
hgkn osresrsMuRt eTAXunhgknR:bza ebIcuHcUlRBHraCa> nwg RbTan
Ca 4 kg ? T&BRsYc T&BsaM T&BeRkay T&BeqVg. RBHGg<bJakgT&B mYymWun
knR:beTAnarsarescdUecHza xneK Kgnwg RtLbeTA lEgVkvijeT eRJHxn
BjasRg<am emT&BRsYc nig kjacRkI mRnIxagkgT&B oeTAQbemIl nig
buNs&kiCaTIKabcit. sMkCabn k* sresrsMbuRt ehAokn mkvijEdr .

eK
BMuEdlmanKMnitcgbHe:rGVIeLIy
buEnxneKRtUvrMsayT&BehIybJnem>
rbseK oRtLbeTApHeK vijsin . luHGknaMsar rbs esc RtLbeTAvij

:teTA Xunhgkn RbkasR:b RbCanuraRsza esc:nEtgtaMgxn CaemT&B
kgTab
(RbhakRbEhls&kitmesnIy) ehIyoelIkT&B eTAkMcat c&n
raCa EdlkMBugpacykExRtxagt|g ehIyEdlmanTItaMg enActumux. Xunhg
knEzmTaMgRbkaseT[tza ebIGkNaGacsmab emk|t c&nraCa :n nwg RtUv

71
nak ehIye:HCMrM enACayExRtRsIsnr. RBHraCaRbKlT&B 3000 nakoecA

TbTl nwg T&B rbs Xunhgkn . RBHGg< rgcaM kgT&BmYyEpkeT[t Edl
RBHGg<KitbJneTAdakoenAeRkambJakar rbs c&nraCa buEneRkaymk RBH
Gg<RTgRCabza
RBHGnuC:neP[sxn
eTARsukes[m:teTAehIy
enARBwk
mYy ecABjasRg<am k*CYbXunhgkn ehIy sIbenaskn yagxaMg. enAelI

xgdMrI
kNalerhBl ehIy
maneK :MgksoeT[t
knsYrza
etIesco
mkcrca k* yagNa/ edaymincaMsab cemIy mkvij kn TajZ:jecA

72
BjasRg<amRtUvcMbMBgk. emT&BRsYc rbs esc ZakBIelIxgdMrI ehIykS&y
glxaMgeBkeTAelIsubin.
rbskjacRkI. edayemIleTAeXIjza TbnwgT&BXunhgknminQH TaMgT&B
bT suKtenA 15 zeBjbUN(mI ExeCs qaMvk RtUvnwgqaM 1512 . GkmWun
QbenATIenaH . esc mankgVlyagxaMg kalebI:ndwger]genH. BiC&ynaK
taMgCamYykn KW maneKalbMNg smabBukxn eRJH:nRbKlT&BcMnYn tic
CIvit:teTA. eXIjdUecH kgT&Bescdkzy r:tr:y ehIy eTACYbkgT&B

ecABjasRg<am:tem TaMgT&BkjacRkIk*naMKaeZVIdMeNIreTAdl eKakxan rYck*
Buk rbs knsMukgT&B 1 Jnnak BIesceTAcabkUn. esck*ylRBm. k

jaeyamraC TUlescza kgT&BkarJrraCZanIsRmabTbTl mancMnYnmindl
1 mWunnakpg. kar:rm rbs kjaeyamraC minxuseTeRJH kn mankgT&B

dleTA Cag 5 mWunnakeNaH. enATIbMput kgT&Besc nig kgT&B rbs kn
RbyuTKayagsVitsVaj Gsry;eBl bIz KancajKanQH . enAraRtI zTI

3
knbJnT&BmYykgtUc
edaysat>
ecjBITisxaglic
eTAoenABI
xag
eRkayT&B rbs escvij . RBwkeLIg kgT&BescRtUvkgT&B rbskn vay BI
muxpg BIeRkaypg. kgT&Besc naMKartdkzy eTAtamTisxageCIg eqaHeTA

lEgVkEtmg.
escRBmTaMgbrivaeP[sxneTAtaMgTI
luHQHT&BescehIy
enAsnkmatswgEsnvij.
knkabctumux:nTaMgRsugehIy
EtgtaMgecAhVayExRt
nig mRnIzI eRt{mkabykExRtEpkxaglic nigEpkxagt|geT[t. RbCaCn Gb

GrsaTr nwg C&yCMnH rbs Xunhgkn ehIycatTukza Xunhgkn Ca
Gk
enAExminaqaM 1512 GkmWun surwn EkveRbIkll|ic
:ncUleTAdlkgbnbCMnuMrbsesc ehIysmabTaMgesc TaMgehara. suKn
surwn Ekv ylza karEdlesc :nbJn ecABjasRg<am Ca Buk oeTAt

eBk. taMgBIeBlenaHmk GkmWun surwn Ekv sbesceBk k* cUlCamYyXun
hgknEtmg. rIXunhgknvij eK k*mincgbHe:r RbqaMgesc NaEdr Et

eK
manCMen]yagmaMza
esc mingayGtOneTasoxneLIy.
escsuKnbT suKt:teTA
taMgBIeBl
knc|aMgCamYy Bjac&nraCavijmg. RBHc&nraCa
eLIgRKgraCenAqaM 1516. RBHGg<mankgT&BRbmaN 12 mWunnak rI Xun
hgknvij edayykExRt:neRcIn k*ekNT&B:ncMnYn BI 2 mWunnak dlcMnYn
17 mWunnak ehIycMnYnenH ecHEtekInEzmeT[t. eRkaymk Xunhgkn Edl

ksarsaRsaehAza
RsLbBiC&yRBnKr
xngza
esckn
XunhgRBHesckn
CitPUmisMeragRBHCI
RsukTTwgz
RBHRsIeCdaRkugRsLbBiC&yRBnKr
:neTAtaMgTI
.
enARkug
kn :nEtgtaMg
masEpndIxagekIt.
Xunhg
RBHesckn BMumanmehsIeT EtmansMkmak eQaHnagpaELn. enAraRtImYy

qaM 1525 kgT&BRBHcnraCa :neTAdlbnay rbs esckn ehIy naMKadut
manbuN eT[tpg .
esAgab CMuvijTIRkugbNaloGkRsukGkPUmi eeXIjePIgeqHRKbTisTI ehIy
lEgVkraCZanIzI n RbeTskmCa. kgT&BescTbTl:n. sRg<am rvag kn
bnayesckn ehIynaMKaebIkTVarbnay. kgT&Besckn k*naMKaecjeTAemIl
enAExmiKsir qaM 1510 XunhgkndwkT&BcMnYn 5 mWunnak eTAeLamB&T
nigkgT&Besc manry;eBlyUr KW taMgBIqaM 1508 dlqaM 1525 . kn

:nbJnGkmWun surwn Ekv EdlCakUn rbs ecABjasRg<amoeTAeZVIKutesc
suKnbT EdlCasRtUv EtmakKt rbs kn ehIyenH k*eRJHEtesceC]gb
73
naMKaKitza T&Bes[mcUl mkcabBYkeK ykeZVICaeQIy . RbCaCnnaMKarteTA

ehtuplEteTAEtmYyTisCamYyKaTaMgGs.
kn :nCaeRcIn
kgT&Bc&nraCasmabkgT&B
ehIyk*naMKacUleTAkgbnay.
KW
esc
enATIenaHehIyEdlkja
vaMg smabesckn:n. escknRtUvrbYs edays rbs kjavaMg rI ecA

74
hVaEkv Camarbskn RtUvkjacRkIcakRtUvmYydav enA matTVarbnay . Xun
GPieskCaescrYcehIy
BYkrbseK.
eTAtakEtgkMNaBenAekaHeXak
stvtSr TI 17 nig TI 18
eRkayeBleLIgesayraCehIy mYyqaM eRkayeBl EdlRBHGg<eTAKg enA
hgRBHesckn
RtUveKcab:n
ehIy
RtUveKykeTAkatk
CamYyRkumbkS
kmCa :tbgnUvPaBGgGacrbsxn.
GMNacKaedaytekatERkgbueNaHeT
escnraCvgSepSg>
minRtwmEtdeNIm
KWEzmTaMgkarJrTwkdImin:neT[tpg.
:nykmaskSRtIyYneQaH kUCinswun eZVICamehsI (1620)
ehIyebIkpv oyYnmktaMgTI enAelITwkdIExr . RBHGg< suKt enAqaM 1627

:ng,lkN; oyYnyk RBnKr :nCasaBr enAqaM 1698 . TwkdI
EdlyYnyk:n maneQaHza
kUsaMgsIun KW eQaH rbs kSRtIkUCinswun
mehsIyYn rbsC&yeCdaTI 2. bnabBIC&yeCdaTI 2 suKt:teTA cABjatU
buRtrbsRBHGg< eLIgsgraC edaymanRBHnamza RsI_ZemaraCaTI 1. esc

Gg<enH EdlmaneQaHmYyeT[tzaRBHraCsmar CakvI CaGkGkSrsaRs ehIy
CaGkkanBuTsasna yageRCARCH. RBHGg<cUlbYs CasgtaMgBImunRBHbita
cUlCIvg<t. kalenaH RBHT&y CaBukma rbsRBHGg< EdlmanGayu 48
RBHvsSaehIyEdlRtUv C&yeCdaCabg EtgtaMgoeZVICabraC taMgBIqaM 1618

mk mantYnaTI CaraCsiT
RBHT&y
26
RBH
vsSa EbrCaRbKlkarRKbRKgRbeTseTAoGtItraCanusiT eTAvij ehIydk xn

.
eBlEdlRBHGg<bYs
RBHT&y :n
ekaHeXak RBHraCsmar k*elIkT&B eTAvayykExRtkUrat Edles[mkatpac
RBwtikarNBIr KYroktsm<al CaBiess KW karEdl escExr C&yeCdaTI 2
buEn
EdlkalenaHmanRBHCn
er[bkar CamYyRBHsuCatikSRtI KW narIEdlRtUver[bkar CamYy RBHraCsmar.
bnabBI es[mvayykbnaylEgVk:n enAcugstvtSr TI 16 RbeTs
(1619_1627)
yuvkSRtGg<enH
(Rgent) . eday RBHraCsmarCaky bYsyUreBk
k*rkSaTuktYnaTIenHsin
TRmaMRBHraCsmarcaksikabT.
75
luH:nRtUv
ykeTAkalBIeBlmun. buEn Rbtibtikarswk enH BMu:nTTYleCaKC&yeT. z
mYyRBHT&yeTAKalRBHGg< enAGg<r edaynaMRBHsuCatikSRtI Ca Caya eTACa

mYypg. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlRBHraCsmar cabcitesha yagxaMgeTA
elIPriyaenH rbsRBHbitula. GkTaMgBIrKitza edayRBHT&ycasNaseTA
ehIy> kMBugZakQW eKGac nwg rYmrs ykKaCabIRbBn eRkayRBHT&y

suKt:teTA . buEn eRkaymk RBHT&yEbrCa CasHes|IyeTAvij. eday
xacEbkkar
GkTaMgBIr
k*naMKarteTAraCvaMg
RBHT&yoT&Bedjcab
buEn
RBHraCsmar k* bJnkgT&B eTAoTbTl . buEn edaykgT&BRBHraCsmar

vaycajkgT&BRBHT&y RBHraCsmar nig suCatikSRtI k*rteTAdlRsukJr
buEn kgT&BRBHT&yedjcab:n ehIyk*smabGkTaMgBIr:n. RBHraCsmar

suKt
enAkgCnayu
29
RBHvsSa.
RBwtkarNmYyeT[tTakTg
Bjacn buTumraCaTI 2 Edl:nsmabRBHT&y
nwg
esc
(1642) Ca braC rbs
C&yeCdaTI 2 nig esc bTumraCa TI 1 Cabg edayeRbI CnCatiCVa oCYy

deNImraC. enA z 5 mkra qaM 1642 enaH Bjacn :nsmab RBHT&y
RBmTaMgsmaCik raCvgSmYycMnYn buEnkUn bInak rbs Gg< nn :nrtrYc.
eBlenaH
Gg<
nn
eTAbr:jstV
enAqayBIraCZanI
Bjacn
catKIKa
RbmaN 5 kg oeTAcab Gg< nn Edlmanmhatlik nig GkGmdMeNIr Et

76
60 nakbueNaH. luHcab:nehIy k*naMmkraCZanI . Bjacn EdlCamnusS
kacsahav sb bTumraCa TI 1 Nas eRJHRBHGg< CamnusSstbUt maneK

RsLajeRcIn . Bjacn obgz ecaT Gg< nn za :nlYccEccgPriya
rbsBjacn.
Bjacn
oeKykbTumraCa
bgzenaHza :nniyayPUtPr
eTAsmabecal
bnabmkecaT
ehIyk*ykbgzenaHeTAsmabecal:teTA.
RsukExr ; karRbTajRbTg
rvag es[m nig yYn
enA edImstvtSr TI 18 GMNacescExr :ncuHexSay CaGtibrma KW
BjacnCamnusSmanl|icxs kgkarsmabKUsRtUv ehIy ykrYcxn . esc
xusEbkeRcIn BIeBlmun> ehIyenH eRJHEtenAstvtSr TI 17 kSRtExrKitEt
Bjac&n (ramaZibtI TI 1, sda, G)IR:him) :nRtUvbrmraCaTI 8
lasTalEtesaH.
Gg< enH :nRtUveKehAza
ramcUlsasnCVa . eRkaymk enAqaM 1658
(Gg< sUr) Ca
bgbnCIdUnmYy nigCakUn rbsbeyaraCT&y eZVIXatmgvij. escGg<enH

EdlkalenaHmanGayu 33 qaM :nbgMo PK<vtIRBHcmkSRtI EdlCa mehsI
BIdeNImraCdeNImGMNacKa. mageT[t c|absgraC k*KanlkN;c|as

namWunesc
k*:tbgsartIeshaCatiEdr.
manEtGkecH
dwg enAtamvtGarambueNaH Edlyldwgc|as BIesaknadkmExr. kvI bTum

:rmIeBRC :nelIkeLIg
BITMB&rRbvtisaRsenH
yagek|aHk|ay10.
sPaB
CVaemmay rbs Bjac&n eZVICaGK<mehsI. enAqaM 1672 RsICVaenaH k*smab
karNenH :nbg,lkN;gayRsYldlmhicta rbs yYn nig es[mEdl
eTAkgd bkSBYk rbs G)IR:h)ImEdr. escEdlesay raCbn KW buTumraCa TI
EdlOkashuco . buEnRbCaCnExr RBmTaMgGkeshaCati:n vayedjruj
Gg< sUr edIm|IsgswkBjac&nCabI. eTaHCayagenHkI k* raCbl&g, BMu:nZak

2
(RsIC&yeCd) EdlCakUn rbs bTumraCaTI 1 (Gg< nn) ehIyCaky
nigCakUnRbsarbs
RsukExr.
Gg<
sUr.
sRg<amrvagyYn
KWenAeBlenaHehIy
nigExr :nRbRBwteTA
EdlyYncUllukluy
Gsry;eBleBjmYyqaM
ehIy enAkgkarRbyuT bTurmraCa TI 2 k* kS&yCIvit :teTA enAqaM 1673.

escGg<enH
esayraCmin:n 2
qaMpg
(1672_1673). kgT&ByYnEdl
cUlmklukluyRsukExr enAeBlenaHGHGagza BYkeKmk sgswk bTumraCa TI

1 (Gg< nn) Edl:nRtUvBjac&neZVIKut. tamkarBitesc Gg< CI
[EkvhVaTI 2
](1673_ 1677) kUn rbs Gg< sUr EdlenAeBlenaHsgraC bTumraCa TI 2
(EdlCabgbn CIdUnmYy) Kaner]gGVITakTgGVI nwg Bjac&n eLIy.
GnuvtEpnkarelbTwkdIExr bnicmg> munnwggelbykTaMgmUlEtmg enAeBl

RcankgT&BQanJnTaMgenaH :nvij
:lenAqaM1863.
10
rhUtdleBl:raMg
buEn :raMgEdlmkeZVIGaNaniKmkicyYn
mkeZVICaGaNaBa
enAelITwkdIkUsaMg
saRsa vtRkUc XMuRkUc RsukRBQr kMBgcam. elak Xwin sux :nbk
ERbksarenHmkCaPasa :raMg
(Ganer]gkMBbEtGug rbs Xwn sux -Khin
Sok : Lannexion du Cambodge par les vietnamiens au XIX me sicle,

Editions You-Feng, 2002) . cMeJHer]g r:rkSRt rbs bTum :rmIeBRC
elak XIg huk DI :nbJakenAkg malabTGkSrsil|ExrstvtS TI 19
rbs elakza bTum:rmIeBRC
epImsresr
[] enA rvag K. s. 1835
ehIy :ncUlmrNkalRbEhlenArvagJkkNal TI 2 n stvtS TI 19

eRJHelakniBncb r:rkSRtmYyeT[t enAeRkay K. s. 1855
77
78
[ ].
sIun
EdlCaTwkdIExr
cgbeg,It
shB&nNcin:raMgEtmg
sRmabTukeZVICa
CamUldanvtman rbseK enAGasIuGaeKy. dUcenH eKCYyExr oTbTl nwg

es[m CagCYyrMedaHExr ecjBI karKabsg,t rbs yYn . eTaHCayagenHkI k*
:raMgcaje:kes[mEdr (GanCMBUk 2) .
eTIbnwgmanGayu
16
11
(k. 1791_
(k.1772_1797) ehIyEdl
RBHvsSa :nRtUvraCaPieskedayesces[m
ramaTI
enATIRkug:gkkenAqaM 1806 edaymanRBHnamza T&yraCa. kalenaH es[m
mankUnRbusR:MGg<
rbsraCvgS egV{g n Rkugev cabepImQanJnRsukExr ehIypacykTwk dI

CaeRcIn. enAqaM 1698 yYn :npacyk RBnKr
(sayh,n TIRkug hU
CImij) . enAstvtSr TI 18 yYnpacykmYyEpkZM ndIsNTenemkug Edl

CaRckecjeTAsmuRTmYyd*sMxan manCaGaT mIzU nigvijLg
(1732) Rtavij
(1775) ehIy sukRtaMg enAstvtSrTI 19 (1840) . enAcugstvtSr TI 18
enAqaM 1795 KW munescExr Gg< eGg (1779_1796) cUlCIvg<t es[m:n
pacykTwkdIExr Epkxaglic KW :tdMbg nig Gg<r . RBH:TGg< eGg :n
bnabBI:nbeNayoes[mpacykeTA.
buEn es[mBMuRBmdacxat. Gg< eGg cUlCIvg<t enAqaM 1796 enAkgRBHCnayu

26 RBHvsSa bnabBI :nesayraC 18 qaM
1835) EdlCaraCbuRtrbs RBH:TGg< eGg
esces[mtaMgBIraCesc Gg< eGg
enAstvtSr TI17 edayRsukExrcuHTnexSay yYnGNam eRkamkardwk naM
ykExRtTaMgenaHmkvijEdr
vgS :kEbkxatRJtGseTAehIy . enATIbMput Gg< c&n TI 3
kabExRt:tdMbg niges[mrab tamry;namWunExreQaHEbnEdlesaHRtg nwg
eRT]g mij yag RtYtRtaRsukExr
TamTar
(BIGayu 6 qaM buEn :nRKgraC
BIrdg KW mancenaH 3 qaM). ecAhVabuk CabraC min:n RbjabRbjal rk
KW
Gg<
(narayNrama) mk. RBH:T Gg< eGg
c&n, Gg<
sn
(k.1794_1824 ), Gg< Pwm
(k.1793_1800), Gg< m (k.1794 _1843) nig Gg< dYg (k. 1796_

1860
) RBmTaMgbuRtImak RBHnam matuca (k.1796_18 ? ).
RBH:TGg<c&n mkdlTIRkugdug< enAz 15 kJaqaM 1806 . namWun

sBVmuxmRnI :nmkeZVIKarvkicescExrenATIRkugdug<
em]gbueNaHEdlBMuRBmmk.
enAExZqaMdEdl
elIkElgecjEt
eteCa
escExrGg<enH:nRtUvGPiesk
mgeT[ttamRbBNIExr . enAz 11 Z qaM 1806 enaH GZiraCyYn ya Lg
:nbJnKN;RbtiPUmYy dwknaMeday can sIu ega yk RtamasmYy rag
bYnRCugesI RBmTaMgGkbeRmI 500 nak mkzVayRBHGg< . EzgBI esces[m

ramaTI 2 vij edayxacescExrk|t k*rkSasmaCikRBHraCvgSTuk enATIRukug
:gkk. enA Exmkra qaM 1808 Gg<c&n :nbJn RBHGg< Ekv dYg nig
kjacRkIEkb eTATIRkug:gkk yksYysarGakr eTAzVayesces[mehIy
TnwmenaHesIsMuoesces[mGnujato RBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< eBA Gg< Emn
escsgraC oRKbRKgRbeTs bnmkeT[teT eRJHenAeBlenaH raCvgSanu

11
ksarxH ehAza Gg< c&n TI 2 buEn tamksar
Etat prsent de la
Maison royale (1994), p. 36 niBn eday hSak eNbUt nig RBHGg<mas
sIusuvti vivtna munIBgS KW Gg<c&n TI 3 dUecHvij .

79
80
nigGkmag bu:vtIRtLbmkRsukExrvij. enAcugqaM 1808 enaH edayeteCa
dak Gg< sn oeLIgesayraC enATIRkugdug<eT[tpg. Gg< c&n rteTARsuk
k*bJaoecAhVa nYn eTAcabxn eteCaem]g buEnedaydwger]genH eteCaem]g k*
naMedaytmesnIy ta Kun Gg< c&n k* :nmkdl kMBghg ehIyvayyk
RBHGg<KgenAraCZanIes[m Gsry;eBl 6 Ex. enAkgraCescGg<c&nTI 3
ykExRteJZisat nig swgERtg:teTA. Gg< c&n suxcitbJnsYysarGa
em]g ecAhVaExRtkMBgsVay enAEtminRBmmkKalRBHGg<eT[t RBH:TGg<c&n

rteTARsukes[m:teTA.
enAEx
ZqaM
es[m :nelIkT&BcUlmkRsukExrBIrdg
1833 .
1808
Gg<c&nyageTATIRkug:gkk.
mgenAqaM
BIqaM 1812 mkqaM 1834 esc Gg<c&n
1812
enAqaM
sit enAkg karRbTaj
RbTg rvagmhictarbsesces[m nigGZiraCyYn ya Lg

bnabmk mIg mag
mgeT[t
(1802_1820)
(1820_1841). es[mxitxMEzrkSaGg< sn TukCaeRsc
yYn ehIy enAqaMbnab KW qaM 1813 edaymanCMnYyBIT&ByYnxH ExrxH dwk

TIRkugdug<vij:n enAz 14 sPa. es[m dkkgT&BzyeTAvij buEnkat
kreTAoesces[meT[t ehIyesces[m k*plR:k 2 Jn :T nig reTH

dwkRsUvcMnYn 100 mkoescExrvij. buEnenAqaM 1814 saCazIeT[t es[m
bJnT&B mkdakenAExRt EdlsitenA Epk xageCIg kMBgsVay
(RB s,
swg :v, mRB nig TenreBA) . enAqaM 1832 RsukyYnCabd nwg karbH
eRBaHxac Gg< c&n k|teTArkCMnYyBIyYn edIm|Iedjes[m . karEdlGg<c&n
e:rpkg enAPaKxagt|gRbeTs. esces[m ramaTI 3 k* eq{tOkasenH
zVaysYysarGakreTAoes[mpg yYnpg eZVIoes[mminTukcitesaH. enAqaM
cUllukluyRsukExreT[tenAqaM 1833. esces[m yleXIjza ExrkMBug
k*RbkaskateTasRbharCIvit RkLaeham em]g kjacRkI Ebn nig cRkI Ekb
eBjcitnwgGnraKmnes[mCaBMuxan.
1810 eRJHEtecAhVayExRtExrxH minTTYls<alGaC\a rbsRBHGg< Gg< c&n

edayecaTRbkanza
CaPakgarsmat
RkLaehamem]g nigkjacRkI Ebn
rbs
12
esces[m
dwger]genH
k*taMger[bcMT&BeRt{mTbTlnwg T&B
hg. enAedImqaM 1811 Gg< c&n :nbJnkjavgSaGK<raCoeTAcabRkLa

ehamem]g buEnRkLaehamem]grteTARsukes[m:teTA. enAqaM 1812 Gg<
c&n eTABwgGZiraCyYn ya Lg oCYy. enAqaM 1812 esces[m Edlman

eKaledAelbTwkdIExro:nTaneBl
12
enAqaM
1783 esces[m
k*bJnT&BmkRsukExr
ramaTI 1 :nEtgtaMg Ebn
ehIy
EzmTaMg
CaecAhVayExRt
:tdMbg Ekb CaecAhVayExRtes[mrab ehIy kn CaecAhVayExRteJZi sat
sbyYnxaMgNas
eRJHyYneZVI:bExr
edaytGasUr
eTaHCayagenHkI
eKaledArbseKeLIy eRJHyYnkabRsukExryagENn
Exrc|asCa
k*es[mmin:nseRmc
rYceRsceTAehIy
enAqaM 1813 esc Gg< cn EdleTABwgyYnoCYyTbTl nwges[m :nRtUv

TaMges[mTaMgyYneZVI:bBneBkRk.
Cem{sRbCaCnExr
es[m:nykTwkdIExrEpkxaglicehIy
CaeRcInykeTAdakenAExRtxaglic
TuksRmabeZVIerhBl
RbyuTnwgyYn. es[mykdIExr PaKxaglicTenemkug ehIyyYnmktaMgTIenA

EpkbUJ( RBmTaMgTIRkugPMeBj pgEdr. enAz 14 Z qaM 1815 GZiraCyYn ya
Lg :ntRmvoekNExrcMnYn 4 Jnnak eTAosagsgbnaymYy enA ExRt

matRCUk
(cUv Dwk) . enA qaMbnabmkeT[t (1815, 1816) GaC\aZr yYn
oekNExrcMnYn 5 Jn nak oeTACIkERBkmYy enA
81
dUcenH
82
vij et . ERBk enaH
manRbEvg 53 K. m. TTwg 33 EmRt ehIymanCeRmA 2, 60 EmRt . Gg< c&n

cUlCIvg<t enAqaM 1835 .
eBlEdlesc Gg< c&n suKteTA RBHGg< KankUnRbus sRmabsg
raCeT eRJHRBHGg<maseJZikMe:r suKt taMgBIGayu 7 qaM
13
. mageT[t
smaCik raCvgSRbus> dUcCa Gg< dYg Gg< m CaedIm suTEtenA xages[m

TaMgGs ehIyEdlyYn minGacTTYlyk oeZVICaesc:n. Gg< c&n manEt
buRtI
Gg<EdlsitenAelITwkdIEdlyYnkankab
sVay) KWRBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< Ebn
_ /), Gg< mIu
(dMNaksaEkt enAek[n
(k.1809_1840), Gg< eBA (k. 1822
(k. 1814_ 1878) nig Gg< sn
14
(k.1829_ 1875) .
eBlenaH GZiraCyYnmanyuTsaRs 2 edIm|IykTwkdIExr. yuTsaRsTI 1 KW
sm&nPaB rvag raCvgSExr nigraCvgSegV{g ncRkPBGNam. ebIyuTsaRs

enHmin:nseRmceTenaH
yYnRtUvbgMcit
eRbIZm(ekAEtmg.
GZiraCyYn
:n
bJn tmesnIy eRT]g mij yag omker[bcM GaJhBiJh kSRtyYn
(eRT]g Kun) CamYyRBHGg<mas Gg< eBA . buEn kll|ic enH BMu:nseRmc
eLIy eRJHRBHHGg<maskSRtI Gg< Ebn BMuRBm. eRT]g Kun k*RtLbeTAvij
:teTA. enAcMeJHmuxbraC&yenH GZiraCyYn k*catodak Gg< mIu eLIgRKg
RBHGg<maseJZikMe:r (ekItqaM 1818_1825) :nRtUvclnats)U RbqaMg
13
nwg:raMg ykeQaH mkeRbI enAraC hg neratm .

14
RBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< sn
(mannamdUc namrbs Bukma) Ca Caya
rbsRBHGg<mas Gg< Pwm. luH Gg< Pwm suKt:teTA
(1822_1848) Gg<
sn :nkayeTACaCaya rbs Gg< dYg). Gg<sn CabuRtI rbs Gg< c&n

CamYy GkmagRkcan.
83
raC
buEn
edayykGMNacescExrTaMgGs
karRsavRCav rbs RbvtviTU Xwn sux ;
mkRKbRKgpal
(eyagtam
Lannexion du Cambodge par les
vietnamiens au XIX sicle daprs les Deux Pomes du vnrable Btum

Baramey Pich er]gkMBbEtGug, Khin Sok, Editions You -Feng, Paris,
2002 ). elakXwn sux :nniyayer[brab yagBisar GMBIsMNMu er]gnH
buEnxMs
\ UmelIkeLIgEtcMNucxH>bueNaH
ebItamRbBNIGarZm(
mkbJlkgkarviPaK
RbeTskmCa
taMgBI
rbs
x\M.
sm&yedImmk
escRsI
Gg< mIu eLIgRKgraC enAqaM 1835 edaymangaryYnza :kVanCY
(mas n
BMuGaceLIgesayraC :neT buEn GZiraCyYnminxVl nwgRbBNIenaHeLIy.

namWunTaMgGs) . rIRBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< eBA Cabn :nTTYlnaTI CabraC
ehIy RBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< sn :nTTYlkitiyskglMdabzakraCvgS Ca
ekvhVa
(bnabBIbraC). cMeJH RBHGg<maskSRtI Gg< Ebn vij bnabBI
BMuRBmo Gg< eBA er[bkarCamYykSRtyYn eRT]g Kun BMu:nTTYlkitiys nig

garGVIeLIy. mageT[t may rbs RBHGg<mas Gg< Ebn KW Gkmag eTB
CabuRtI
rbs
GBEt|s
Ebn
ecAhVayExRt:tdMbg
Edlesces[m
:nEtgtaMgpgeT[t. enAsm&yenaH KW CMnan rCkal GZiraC yYn mIg mag
(Ming Mang, 1820_1841) GMNacTaMgGs :nZakmk elIkNabdEdk
rbstmesnIyyYn eRT]g mij yag. tmesnIyyYnenH EdlmaneKal

bMNg ERbkayRsukExr oeTACaRsukyYn :nkMhito namWun nig escExr
es{kJk
tamreb[byYn.
ehIybJaoeKkMeTcvtGaram
GkeshaCati
eRT]g
ectiy
mij
yag
RBmTaMgkabedImeJZ
k*naMKaegIbeLIgbHe:redjyYnecj
enAExRtkMBgsVay
minoExrkanBuTsasnaeT
BIRsuk.
ng :nRbEmRbmUlExroegIbbHe:r
84
ecalTaMgGs.
enAqaM
RbqaMgyYn.
1836
enAqaM
1837 CU ecAhVayExRtkMBgesam RBmTaMgbneQaH C&y BMuRBmsabbg<ab
EbrRtLbeRkayvij. KankgT&ByYnNa GacTbTl nwg karbHe:r rbs
enAcugqaM 1839 eRT]g mij yag :neRbIkll|icmYy d* BisBul KW :n
rteTARBnKr buEn edayRtUvCabGnakkgT&B rbs Zmabuk k*EbrmuxT&BeqaH
Gg<za GZiraCRkugGNam R:zacgdakRBHGg<mas Gg< m EdlCa bitula
d*xaMg mhima . edaysitenAkgPaBTalRck ehIy xVHGkdwknaM mRnIExrBIr
yYneLIy ehIy bMJkGavuZ GkeshaCatiExr oegIbeLIgbHe:redjyYn.

sesrsMbuRtmYyeTARBHGg<mas Gg< m EdlKgenA TIRkug:gkk TUlRBH
rbs Gg<mIu oeLIgRKgraC EtedayKan escRbus k*dak Gg< mIu sineTA .
Gg< Gwm k* Zakkug :ykl rbs eRT]g mij yag . eBlRtLbmk

RsukExrvij narsar rbs eRT]g mij yag :neTACYbRBHGg<mas Gg< dYg
enA mg<lburI eT[t
ehIyniyayR:bGg< dYg dUc :nniyayR:b Gg< m
dUecHEdr buEn Gg< dYg ylPamza Ca :ykl rbs yYn. Gg< m k*
eZVIdMeNIrmkPMeBj Et Gg<rkS rbs RBHGg<:nRtUv eRT]g Kun smabecal

Gs rYck* cab Gg< m bJneTATIRkugev Etmg.
vij
edaydwgxnzasitenAkgeRKaHzak
EzgBIRBHGg<mas Gg< Ebn
k*sresrsMbuRt
Exr :neLIy
eTAPMeBjvij.
enAeBlenaH
eRT]g Kun
EdlCaembJakarkgT&ByYn
karRbyuTecHEtRbRBwtbneTAeT[t
k*
eRJHkgT&ByYnmankmaMg
nak :nsresrsMbuRteTA sMuo Gg< dYg dwknaMkarbHe:renaH.
esces[m
ramaTI 3 EdlrgcaMEt OkasEbbenH k* bJaokgT&BEdldakenA:tdMbg

ruleTAmux. tmesnIyes[m :DinetC; dwknaMT&BCamYy Gg< dYg cUleTA
RbyuT. edayeXIj Gg< dYg mkCamYykgT&Bes[m RbCaCnExrk*naMKaGb

GrsaTr
ehIycUlrYmkgkarRbyuT.
ruleTAmuxeT[t rhUtdl
T&Bes[mvayykeJZisat:n
ehIy
matRCUk KWW kEngEdlyYnXMukSRtIExr Gg< mIu.
RtgcMNucenH elak Xwn sux sresr dUecHza
GkniBnExrBMu:nniyay
eTAGkmageTB
o:nc|as BI kSRtI Gg< mIu Edl:nRtUvrMedaH ehIy eTAKgenA TIRkugdug<
enA:tdMbg eTACYyrMedaHGg< Ebn. buEner]genH:nEbkkar ehIyTahanyYn
EtR:bzaescRsIGg<enH suKtenATIRkugdug<enAqaM 1874 kgCnayu61 RBH
CamayEdlsitenATIRkug:gkk. GkmageTB :nsMuo Ekv ma CabnEdl

k*cab Gg< Ebn eTAdakKuk rI RBHGg<maskSRtI 3 Gg<eT[t :nRtUvbJn
eTARBnKr enAExkJaqaM 1840. enAkgKuk edayRTaM nwg TaruNkmmin:n
enAqaM 1847 eT. Gksresrksar tamkarbkRsay rbs vaMg CYn RKan

vsSa
edayeRKaHrbYsrlak
EtbueNaH.
karBit
edayRtUveKniyaytHetH
ed[lBIRBHGg<eRcIneBk kSRtI Gg< mIu k*ZakeTAkgPaBviklcrit. . x\MsUm
RBHGg<mas Gg< Ebn k*kS&yCivit:teTA ehIy saksBRtUveKykeTAe:H
bJakza tamksar
muxmRnI nigRbCaCnExr k*egIbeLIgbHe:r . eRT]g mij yag bJnT&BExr
eyIgvilmkniyayBIRBHGg<mas Gg< dYg bneTAeT[t. enAqaM 1843 bnab
EdlyYn :nykeTAdakKukenAekaHRtLac k* eZVIdMeNIreTAsMeragTg . kal
TMnakTMng JNiCkm rvag RbeTs TaMgBIreLIgvij. rvagqaM 1845 nig
ecalkgTen. edayyYneZVI:bExr xaMgeBkdUecH Gkmux Gkkar namWunsBV

eTAbRg,ab
kgT&BenaH
EdlsitenAeRkambJakar
rbs
kjaeyamraC
ebI:nCYbT&BGkeshaCatiExr enATIenaH kgT&BdwknaMedaykjaeyamraC k*

85
Etat prsent de la Maison Royale du Cambodge,
(Edition 1994) kSRtI Gg< mIu suKt enAqaM 1878 KW BMuEmn qaM 1874 eT .
BI:n
rMedaHRbCaCnExrehIy
Gg<
DYg
k*esIsMu
oGZiraCRkugGNam
dak
1847 RsukExr sitenAkgkar RbTaj RbTg rvages[m nig yYn d* tantwg

86
bMput. enAqaM 1845 kgT&ByYn :n ebIkkarRbyuT nwg kgT&BExr enAkgRTg

RTay
mYyd*ZM.
kgT&BExr dkzy
swgEtRKbkEng.
bnabBI:nvayyk
eRtIyxaglic Tensab :n kgT&ByYn k*mktaMgTI enAPMeBj kMBghg Jm

CMnik nig kMBgqaMg . buEn eBlvaykgT&Brbs Gg< dYg kgT&ByYn min:n
seRmc eKaledAeLIy eRJH man kgT&Bes[m CYyTbTl. enAcMeJHmux kar

RbTajRbTg rvag es[m nig yYn RBH:TGg< dYg k*esIsMuo GZiraCyYn
Gnuvt maK(asniPaB. BIeBlmun edayT&ByYnmaneRb{b eTAelIkgT&Bz rbs
tmesenIy
:DinetC; yYnminRBmcrcaeT. buEnbnabBI vayTmHExSkarJr
rbs Exrmin:n ehIy TTYlxatbg CivitT&BeRcIneBk tmesnIy xaM say

nkgT&B yYn k*ylza RtUvEtbJb karvayRbhar . kalenaH ExSkarJrExr
ray taMgBI viharsMN eTAdl PMdug< ehIy BIdug< eTAdl eJZibIedIm Et

mg. enAEx mkra qaM 1846 karcrcarvag tmesnIy :DinetC; :nRbRBwt
eTA enAeJZibIedIm. rIlkx&N KW 1 yYnRtUvbJncMNabExr mkoExr vij
ehIy 2 TIRkugev RtUvTTYls<alRBH:T Gg< dYg CamhakSRtExr. enAz 24

emsaqaM
1847
RBHecARkugev
ZIv
RTI :nbJaoeRT]g
Kun
edaH
Elg
RBHGg<maskSRtIExrTaMgbIGg< RBmTaMgGkbeRmI. enAkgcMeNamcMNabExrEdl

mkdlTIRkugdug< eKeXIj RBHGg<mas Gg< Pwm Edr
(eyagtam Xwn sux,
Lannexion du Cambodge par les vietnamiens au XIX sicle daprs les

Deux Pomes du vnrable Btum Baramey Pich er]gkMBbEtGug, Khin
Sok, op. cit., p. 88, Editions You-Feng, Paris, 2002 ) KWW buRt rbs Gg< m
EdlsuKtenARsukyYn.
87
88
CMBUk 2
vtman:raM
an:raMg enARsu
enARsukExr
TMen[mTmabExr nig
GPiRkm TMenIbkm
(Moeurs et coutumes khmres et processus

de modernisation)
La prsence franaise au Cambodge

kalsm&y esc Gg< dYg RsukExr cuHdundab swgEt rltrlay .
sRg<am nig karcUllukluyBIRbeTsCitxag GsCagR:MstvtSrkngmk

:neZVIoExr:tbgzamBl nig:kTwkcityagxaMg. muneBlesc Gg< dYg
eLIgesayraC KW enAkgraCkSRt bIGg< Gg< eGg, Gg< cn nig Gg< mIu
RsukExr:tGZibety rbsxn enAkgkRmitmYy d*xsbMput CaBiesskg

raCkSRtI Gg< mIu EdlyYn:nbnboeZVIesc edIm|IRsYlykRsukExrTaMg
mUleZVICaExRtyYnedaymin:cRbyuT.
enATsvtSr
1840
cMnYnRbCaCn
cuHzyKYroktsMKal KWenAslEtCagmYylannak bueNaH . RKYsarPaK

eRcIn TaMgraCvgS TaMgraRs xatRJtEbk:kKaGs. xHsabedaysRg<am
ehIyxHeT[tRtUvRbeTsCitxag ekNykeTAeZVI CaeQIyeTAeZVIkarCaTmn
enARsukeK.
kSRtExrRtUvyYncabykeTAdakKuk
eZVITaruNkmyagexacpSa.
xHkS&yCIvit k*ZakeTAkgPaBviklcrit edayeKeZVI:bxaMgeBk. TalEt

mkdlraChg sIusuvti eTIbeK:ndwgza cMnYnRbCaCn :nekInmkdl 2
89
90
lannak KW 1 lan 5 Esn enAkgRsuk 25 mWun enA kUsaMgsIun ehIy 25

mWuneT[t enARTses[m
(Notes cambodgiennes, Au coeur du pays khmer,
Dr Pannetier, Paris, Payot, 1921. Rd. Cedoreck, Paris, 1983, op. cit.
p. 13) . lTiBuTsasna enAeBlenaH manTiBlyagxaMg eTAelI
RbCaCnExr Tnwm nwg CMen]eTAelI GarkGkta (Gan ;
Le cultes des gnies
protecteurs au Cambodge, Alain Forest, Paris, lHarmattan, 1992,

Gan; RbCMuer]geRBgExr PaK 8
_ Editions de lAsie du Sud-Est, Paris ,
1982). skmPaBEpkJNiCkm manEtbnicbncbueNaH tamry;karedaH
dUrTMnij dUcCa Es|k Esg Pk Rm&kSN CaedIm . RbCaCnRsTabeRkam
minEdlman
P&BVsMNag
:ncayR:ksMN:haMg
EdleZVIenARsukyYn
esaHeLIy . masbnicbnc EdlmanenAkgnKr Ca eRK]gGlg,ar EdlCa

kmsiTi rbsRbBnnamWun k*RtUveKykeTAeZVICak|akdaksam EtbueNaH.
vtGaramEdlCa
mNlvb|Zm(
pHsEm|g
d*l>
RBmTaMgedImeQIEdl
ZabEtoEp nig edImetat :nRtUvkgT&BQanJn dutbMpajGsswgEtKan
sl. minEtbueNaH RsIePT:nRtUvBYkTaMgenaH rMelaPyagRBpS Caehtu

naMomankarGssgwm
enAkgRKYsar
rbseK eJreBjeTAedayPaBGabGY.
nig
eZVIomak>
emIleXIjGnaKt
xagEpk GkSrsaRs eRkABI KmIrBuTsasna RBHsg tamvtGaram
rkSaTuk:n nUv ksarRbvtisaRsxH> nig vNkm GkSrsil| mYycMnYn

EdlenAsl BIeBlmun> dUcCa ? silacarwkGg<rvt
nn
rbs bNit C&y
(stvtSr TI 16) el|IkGg<r rbs Gk:g (1598 ) sresIrehmn, ,
kaBniras, c|abRBHraCsmar bTniBn rbs RBHraCsmar (1634) er]g

RkugsuPmiRt (1778) rbskja ekasaZibtIekA c|absuPasit
91
(1790)
elakenyCatk (1794) er]gbuJsarsirsa ( 1798) er]gePaKkulkumar
(1804) er]gvrenRtvrnuC (1806) er]gRBHsmuRT (1808) rbs kja

RBHXaMgng
er]gr:kSRt
(1818) rbs bTum:rmIeBRC el|IkeCtBn
(1813) rbs kjesaTs Exk er]gmuClin (1833) rbs bNit

sMGat; er]gdaver]g
(1741) rbs kjacRkI Ekv CaedIm. enAqaM 1813
kSRt Gg< dYg RTg:nniBn er]gnagkakI . enAcugraCRBH:T Gg< DYg man
vNkm
GkSrsil|CaeRcIneT[t
dUcCa
?er]gRBHCinvgS
(1856) rbs
GariyKamunI hiIug, er]geBCta
(1857) rbs ZmbJa Emn, er]gvimancn
RsI, er]geTv&n nig el|Ikcck
(1859) rbs kja snr muk. maner]g
(1858) rbskjaZibtI Eym, el|IkRsIviC&y (1858 ) rbs BjaviCiRt
RbCaRbiy CaeRcIneT[t Edlx\M minGacelIkeLIg :nTaMgGseT dUcCa er]g
TwkraMp,araM, er]ghgSyn CaedIm EdlKankalbriecTc|aslas.
enAeBlEdl :raMgcUlmkdlRsukExrCapvkar :n 14 qaM vNkm
GkSrsil| k*ecHEtmanCahUrEh bnmkeT[t. rI mUlbT BMumanGVI eRkA

BIer]gkmpl tamTsSn; BuTniym bunanEdr CaBiess er]gTakTg nwg
tYGg< eJZistV EdlmanenAkgTsSn; BuTniym mhayan. eRkABIenaH eK
eC]eTAelI mnGaKmKaza sil|saRs epSg> dUcCa yRn nig mRnKaza Ca

edIm
(La guirlande de joyaux tibiesartnmala, Franois Bizot / O.
von Hinber, Ecole franaise dExtrme-Orient, 1994 ) sRmabkar

Jrxn
ERbkayxnoeTACaGkxaMgBUEk.
tamkarBit
minEmnEtTsSnviCa
BuTniymbueNaHeTEdlmanTiBleTAelICIvitRbcaMz eTAelIkarRbkbmux
rbr.
Tnwm
nwger]gramekr
RbCaRbiy
tamEbbbTniTan
rbs
tack
(er]gramekr n tack dkRsgedayRhVgsVa b)IhSt) CaBiess er]geRBg

92
(dUccCa er]gZnC&y, er]g
BIqaM 1915 mk qaM 1921 cMnYn sisSRbusEdlcUler[nsala:raMg man
tYyag eJZikMe:r RBmTaMg Gacar> EdlmaneQaHl|I enAkgTMB&rRbvti
nak . cabtaMgBIqaM 1916 mk salavt BMumanbnmkeT[teLIy. enAqaM
buraNExrEdlminEmn Caer]g kmplBuTniym
GaeLv) k*:nRtUvsaZarNCn niymcUlcitEdr.
emdwknaM clna bHe:r
saRsExr suTEtCaGkEdlecH viCamnGaKmKazaTaMgenH . TalEtmkdl
TsvtSr 1930 eTIbkar viPaK GMBI sg<m cabepImman tamry;Rbelam

elak sm&yTMenIb rbs elak rwm Kwn
hac (p,aRseJn
CaedIm.
(er]gsUpat) rbs elak nU
) rbs elak saRsacar jk Ezm (kulab blin )
mun nwgQaneTA dl Rbelamelak Epksg<mTaMgenaH BI qaM 1877
mkdl qaM 1936 mUlbT kmpl tamTsSn;BuTniym ecHEtmanbnmk

eT[tmindaceLIy buEn karedaHRsaybJaCIvit nigdMbUnanR:kdniym tam
TsS;n;elakiysc; k*mancUllayLMEdr. TiBlnvb|Zm(:raMg BMuTan
cUlmkkgreb[bKitBicarNarbsExreTenAsm&yenaHeRJHmYycMENk:raMg
BI 2213 nak mk 5351 nak. cMnYnsisSRsI man BI 400 nak mk 495

1914 :raMg:nbeg,Itsalard:lmYy KWW salaRkmkar. BI qaM 1877
mk mansad GkSrsil| CaeRcIneT[t ? er]gmrNmata
ZmbJa
G)uk,
er]geJZivgS
(1877) rbs
(1881) rbs RBhbrPkI, er]gecAmas
(1887) rbs XunsnrBinit, er]gsBVsiTi (1899) rbs mWunPkIGkSrtn,

er]gsgsil|C&y (1882) rbskja vgSaZibtI G)uk, er]gRBHlkSiNvgS
(1890) er[ber[gedayecAGZikar vt ERBkRbNak, er]gGMEbgEbk (1889)
Ktielak (1920) nigkaBnirasGg<r (1926 ) rbs kja sutnRbICan
(ekItqaM 1859_1924), er]gBimaBilab (1920) rbsGkRsIsITi (ekItqaM

1881 _1963), er]g BimaniJVn (1920) nig er]gTavk (1942) rbs
elak vibul kn (ekIt qaM 1874 _ 1947), er]gbisacesha (1940) nig
Kanzvikac|aslas sRmabeZVIkickarenH ehIymYycMENkeT[t ExrenAEt
er]gkulabblin (1936) rbselak jk Ezm (ekItqaM 1903 _ 1974),
bnctaMg BIqaM 1873 mk buEn TalEtmkdlqaM 1903 eTIb hgneratm
(ekIt qaM 1910_ ?), er]gsUpat (1938) rbselak rwm Kwn (ekItqaM
bJnkUneTAoer[n enAsalavtbnmkeT[t. karer[n Pasa:raMg manbnic

ebIksala :raMg_Exr bI mYyenAPMeBj
(salaneratm ) ehIy 2 eT[t
enAtamExRt KW kMBgcammYy eJZisatmYy
(eyagtam GaLaMg hVers ;
Le Cambodge et la colonisation franaise, Paris, LHarmattan, 1980, ,

p. 152). enAcenaHqaM 1905_1907 sala:raMgExr :neLIgeTA dlcMnYn
18. BIqaM 1908 mk sala:raMg manTaMgGsbI enATIRkugPMeBj
(sala
neratm, sala DUda dW LaeRK, sala RhVgsIu h,arej) . enAqaM 1911
sala :raMg_ExrkCn
k*manEdr KWW salastart nig sala malIka.
93
er]geskesambNit (1933) nig er]gTwkTensab (1941) rbs Kwm hak

1911 _1959
).
er]gkmpl dUcCaer]g mrNmata CaedIm Caer]gkMstEbk:kRJt
R:sRKYsar eRJHEtman mnusScitGaRkk tZm(emta tamBa:T. PaK

eRcIn ner]gTaMgenaH EtgEtelIkeLIgBIGnraKmn rbs RBHRnaZiraC enA
eBlEdltYGg<sitenAkgPaBTalRck. tYGg<xHsab EtRtUvRBHRn eR:s

orseLIgvij.
enAkgGarmNrbsRbCaCnExr
minza
raRssamJ
esceT eKeC]zaRBHGaTieTB CaGkkMNteCaKvasna elakeyIgenH RBm

94
TaMgbuK<lmak>eT[tpg. ehtudUecHehIy :nCaescsm&yGg<r k*dUc Ca
dUecHEdr BMuGacpac cMNgTaMgR:MRbkarenaH :neLIy.
TaMgenaH. emaHehIy RbCaCnExr EtgEt Epkvasna xneKmak> eTAelI
TsSn; enHbnicmg> eTaHeKCaGkkanBuTsasnakI. eKeRcInnaMKaEpkkarrk
RKbRKanedIm|IkarJeRsukeTs nig xneKmak> palpgEdr . enHCaOkas
rbs TsSnviTU edkat
mkBI:nTTYlkmRkaseBk
BYk
nigkarviPaK Xatqaybnic BI TsSn;RbBNI KW EbreTA rkTsSn;mYy
xusq<gmYy d*ZM . karBit minEmnEtRbCaCnExrbueNaHeT EdlmanCMen]
GkGPirkS k* minputrltEdr CaehtubNalomanbdivaTkmmYy d* cm|g
escsm&yeRkay>
BBYkeTv
mYy
mkeT[tEdr
TaMgLayenaH
d*l
EtgEttaMgxneK
CaGktMNagBBYkeTv
ehIyktsMKalzasuTEtCaGkEdlmanbuN:rmI
sRmabGkkanGMNacpackar.
BICatimun>
ebICYyBMurYceT
eKGHGagza
ehIyeKminRtUvelIktem,Ig
BlRBH TaMgLayenaHpgeT[t. ebImineKarBeKalkarNenHeT KWW Ca kar
EbbenH. enAGWrub sm&yyuKkNal k*dUcCasm&yeRkay> mkeT[tEdr
eRkay
Edl:ner[nenAsala:raMg_Exr
sc;PaB tamtzPaBCakEsg
bJvnExrCMnan
enARsuk:raMgEtmg
:nbr
(faits et ralits) nig tamEbbbTBicarNa
(Descartes) . tamry; er]g sUpat rbs elak
rwm Kwn nig p,aRseJn rbs elak nU hac eKseg,teXIjza karBicarNa
zIeT[tEdlRsbnwg karvivtn rbsBiPBelak . buEn TnwmenaH TsSn;

ehIy EdlCaTMnasmYyCamUldan enAkgsg<mExr dUcenAkg vis&y neya
eKEtgEteC] eTAelI GnaKmn rbs RBHEdleKsntza CaGkbeg,ItBiPB
:ydUecHEdr. enAeBlenaH eKseg,teXIjmankarvivtnmYy d* sMxan
ehtupltamRkwtRkm rUbZatuniym
cMeNamnarI
elak. buEn taMgBIstvtSr TI 18 mk TsSnviTU:raMg :nxitxMBnl
(conception matrialiste du monde)
rhUt dl:nseRmc . eKBnlza esaknadkm epSg> rbsmnusS

bNal mkEtBI GMeBI BI citKMnit rbs mnusSEtbueNaH. RBHBuT k* :n
BnlBIehtupltamEbbbT
rUbZatuniymTaMgenHEdr
(RTwsIbdicsmub|aT)
buEn karbkRsayxH QaneTAdl brmtPB eT[tpgr. buEnTnwmenaH er]g
enA
kgCIvit rbsbJvnExr. GnkrCncuHzymineRcInbunaneT CaBissenAkg

eRJHRKYsarExrmYycMnYncgrkSaRbBNIedIm
okUnRsIeTAer[nenAsala.
enAqaM
mancMnYn 8 mWun 5 Jn nak
1962
ehIyminsUvh)an
sisSEdler[nmbfmsikSacb
(8. 5000) bueNaH. sisSer[nmZmsikSa
cb mancMnYn 1 mWun 6 Jn 100 nak ehIynisSittmsikSaEdl man

sJab&Rt eBlecjBImhaTal&y manRbmaN 300 nak bueNaH.
eRBgburaNExr PaKeRcIn k*EtgEtelIkeLIgGMBI RkwtRkmelakiysc;Edr.

ehtudUecH ehIy :nCaExrxH bkRsay lTiBuTniym enAkgRkbx&NmYy
EdlmanlkN;viCmanbMput.
RkwtRkm
eTaHCayagNakIExreyIgylyagc|asGMBI
ekIt cas QWsab. edIm|IpaccMNgTaMgR:MRbkar ExrnaMKacUl
bYseZVIZm(Gaz(
ehIyRbKlkickarrd
eTAoBYkGktMNagRBHGaTieTB
Et
mg. ExrRKbrUb s<aler]g RBHevsnrCatk RKb>Ka buEn dUcRBHevsnr

95
rCkal hgneratm (1860-1904)
Sous le rgne de Norodom (1860-1904)

vtman :raMg enAbeTskmCa cabepIm Capvkar enAz 11 sIha
qaM1863 . kalenaH KW sm&y hgneratm :raMg :nbJHbJl oesc

96
ExrGg<enH cuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJamYy EdlmaneQaH za snisJa
vatTIEdr eBalKW sukExrenHg. enAkgn&yenH :raMg GacyksukExr
BIqaM 1855 mk KW 2 qaM eRkayeBl EdlRBHmhakSRt Exr BH:TGg<DYg
qaM 1863 LakgDIEyr :nsemc EpnkarenH dUceKalbMNgEmn. eBl
NabUeLGug TI3 esIsMuo mkCYy eZVIGnraKmn rMedaHbeTs kmCa ecjBI
enaH KW Cag 1 qaM eRkayelak DUda dW LaeRK (Ex emsa qaM 1862) eTsa
GaNaBa:l:raMg . tamkarBit TMnakTMngrvag:raMg nig Exr man taMg

:nep\IsarlixitmYy cuHz 14 mizunaqaM 1853 eTA BHecAGZiraC:raMg
eTAbJl CamYyyYn Etmg. eTaHCayagenHkI enATIbMput enAz 11 sIha

EdlLakgDIEyr mkdlTIkugdug< elIkTI 1 enAExkk,daqaM 1863 dEdl
karbTajbTg rvagbeTs es[m nigRbeTsev[tNam . enAqaM 1855
Pi:l:raMg LaRkgDIEyr maneKaledAmYyrYcCaesc Kw minoRsukExrZak
swgbUrI :n TTYlbJa BITIkug:rIs ocuHhtelxa CamYyExr eTAelI sni
EdlCaKUbECg rbseK :ndakTItaMgrbseK enAsukes[m ehIy bmug
dWmugTIjI ParZarI:raMg TTYlbnk kickarJNiCkm enARbeTses[m nig

sJamYy rYcmkehIyEdr EtCasnisJaJNiCkm nig sm&nPaBbueNaH.
TalEtR:MbI qaMekayBIenH eTIb:raMg bkascUlCapvkar mksukExr KW
eTAkgrgVgTiBles[mCadacxatedayehtuza enAeBlenaH beTsGgeKs

nwg BgIkTiBl rbseK enAEpkGaeKyeT[t . enHCaer}gmYy d* sMxan
cMeJH :raMg . eyageTAtam snisJa z 11 sIha qaM 1863 enaH
mYyqaM ekayeBlEdl:raMg :ncUlmkkankabTwkdI kUsaMgsuIn tamry;
EdlmanCaecInRbkar raCaNackExr tUvbKlsiTiesrIPaB rbs xnCa
:raMg dW LakgDIEyr eZIVdMeNIrmk TIkugdug<edIm|I bJHbJl oescExr
beTsekA QanBanEdr.
snisJa cuHz TI 5 mizuna qaM 1862. enA Exkk,da qaM 1863 tmnavI
neratm rMedaHbeTskmCa oecjputBIkarrMelaP GZibety BI sMNak
beTses[m. esc neratm mankarGlEGkyagxaMg eBaHNamYy xac

escs[m eZVITukbukemj NamYyxac:raMg karBarsukExrmin:n ehIy
beNayobeTsev[tNam elbTwkdI . BHGg<TgeQVgylza karEdl
ecIneTAo:raMg. xag:raMgvij eK k*tUvman Parkic karBarsukExr kMuo
buEn snisJaenaH k* :nEcgpgEdr mino
escExr dak karTakTg rbs xn CamYybeTsNa eT[teT ebIKan kar
ylBm BI :raMg. edIm|IGnuvt snisJaenH :raMgdakersIudgmak o

enAbcaMkar enAbeTskmCa ehIybeTskmCa tUvdak GktMNag rbs
xnmak enA sayh,n. bnabBI:n cuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJaenH esc
BHbita rbs BHGg< EtgEtsgwmeTAelIGnraKmn rbs :raMg edIm|IrMedaH
neratm mankar:rmyagxaMg edayehtuza BHecAGZiraC:raMg NabUeLGug
Edr . buEn kaleBlenaH :raMg minTaneZVIGaNaniKmkic beTsev[tNam
ehIyenAz 1 Z qaMdEdlenaH eday Gssgwmza :raMgGac nwgCYy:n
beTsoput BIkar EbgEckTwkdIExrrvages[m nigyYn k* CameZa:ymYy
enAeLIyeT . rI enA qaM 1863 sanPaB xusBIeBlmun KWza ebIKanbEgk
BIes[meTenaHyYn GacnwgykTwkdIExr:nedaysYl tamry;:raMg. mag

eT[t :raMg k*man eKaledA pacTiBles[mecj BI tMbnEdleKbmug
97
TI 3 BMuTanoscab&nenAeLIy . escExrrgcaM Gsry;eBl Cag 2 Ex

RBHGg< k* seRmccuHhtelxa eTA elIsnisJa CamYy es[mvij . sni
sJaenaH
TTYls<alGaC\a
beTses[meTAelIbeTskmCa.
buEn
ekaymk enAExminaqaM 1864 BHecANabUeLGugTI 3 k*Bmo scab&n

98
eTAelIsnisJa GaNaBa:l:raMg . enAkgsanPaB bTajbTg Ebb
sJamYy EdldkhUtGMNacTaMgGs BIBHGg< ehIy bKl kickardwknaM
neratm CapvkarenAz TI3 mizunaqaM 1864 vtman rbs GktMNag:raMg
ykBn KW eKykcMNUlBnenaHTaMgGs sRmabxneK eday sMGagza eK
neratm e:Hbges[mecal buEn kStExrGg<enH BMuh)an. TalEt 3 qaM
kmsiTi dIZI pgeT[t . enAkg rbb raCaniymExr dIZI TaMgGs Carbsesc
enH escneratm BMuGacEbrxgdakes[m:neLIy . eBlraCaPiesk hg

minKbKaneT KW tUvman GktMNages[m pgEdr . :raMg:nbgM ohg
ekaymk tamry;snisJa CamYyes[m cuH z 15 kk,da qaM 1867
eTIb:raMg bgMoes[m e:Hbgecalmhicta rbseK eTAelI sukExr:n .

enAkg snisJaenaH es[mTTYls<al GaNaBa:l:raMgeTAelI beTs
kmCa buEn :raMg ktUvsnapgEdrza nwgminbJlsukExreTAkg kbx&N
n
TwkdIkUsaMgsIun
Edl:raMgkankabeLIy.
snisJaenH
:neZVIoExr
beTseTAo ersuIdg :raMg Etmg . enAeBlenaH :raMg cgEkTmgc|ab
ykeTA ksag ehdarcnasm&n . minEtbueNaHesat eKcgEkc|ab sIBI

buEn :raMgcgEk mkCa rbs buK<lvij . tamkarBit karEdlesc nig BYk
GPiCn minsb|aycit KWCaer]g EdleKGacyl:n buEn karEdlbCa

nuras minsb|aycitEdr ehIynaMKabHe:r KWmkBI :raMg cgykc|ab
kmsiTikCn eTAeZVIGaCIvkmrbseKpalEtmg. mYyvijeT[t GnusJaenaH

manlkN;dUcGnusJa Edl:raMg tmUvoBHecAGNam cuHhtelxa kg
xatbgExRtBIr KW:tdMbg niges[mrab. tam karBit er]genH bNalmkBI
eBlCamYyKaenaHEdr . taMgBIeBlenaHmk ehIy CaBiess cabtaMg BIqaM
kk Edl:ncuHhtelxa CamYyes[m eTAelI snisJamYyeT[t Edl
dUcCaclna rbs Gg< sIuvta EdlCabn rbs hg neratm CaedIm . rvag
kareZVsbEhs tamsPaBkarN minTan rbs ParZarI:raMg enATIkug:g

TTYls<al ExRtExrTaMg 2 enH Carbses[m. hgneratm
nig elak er
1885 clna ts)U bqaMg nwg :raMg ekIteLIgeBagBat enAkgbeTs

qaM 1864 -1867
clna eBaZikMe:r nigclna rbs GacarsYr * CaedIm
sIudg :raMg enAbeTskmCa DUda dWLaeK man karekvekaZ yagxaMg .
:neZVIo:raMg mankarPitP&ytk,mamgrYcmkehIy> taMgBIman mhakubkm
TaMgBIrenH:nmkvij . enAkgry;eBl 90 qaM Edl:raMg:ntYtta suk
karbHe:renaH manTgTay d* ZM sem|Im ehIybeg,IteLIg nUv briyakas
:raMg nig Exr eZVIkarts)UGsry;eBl knHstvtSr TRmaMM TamTarykExRt
na qaM 1885 enaHmk hg neratm k* QbeZVI shkar CamYy:raMgeT[t .
Exr KWBIqaM 1863 dl qaM 1953 eKGaceZIV karEbgEck Ca 3 dMNakkar .
Gsnisux
dlqaM 1904 . dMNakkar TI 3 Kit BIqaM 1904 eTATl nwigeBl:n
1886 hg neratm EdlcabepIm:rmxacGg< sIuvta Cabn vayykGMNac
dMMNakkar TI 1 BIqaM 1863 dlqaM 1884 . dMMNakkar TI 2 BI qaM 1884

kraCenAqaM 1953 . enAkgdMNakkar TI1 :raMg xitxMBgwgCMhr rbs
hgneeatm nigsanPaBkgbeTs. buEnsabEtenAz 17 mizunaqaM 1884

eTsaPi:l :raMg tumsun tmUvo mhakStExr cuHhtelxaeTAelI Gnu
99
enAkgTUTaMgbeTs.
:raMg:neZVIkarbg,ab
yagxaMgka
buEn
min:nseRmc ehIy :raMg cMnYn CaecInBannak :n:tbgCivit . enAqaM

k*EGb:raMgvij ehIyenAExmizuna k*seRmcbJb karbHe:renAkgbeTs .
edIm|Ibnrbriyakas d* tantwgenH enAEx mkra qaM 1887 :raMg :nEkEb
GnusJa cuH z 17 mizunaqaM 1884. tamkarBit :raMg KanEtedaHd mYy

100
ry;eBlsin bueNaH TRmaMMsankarN :nZUrsal eKnwgKitKUr er[bcM

BgwgGMNacrbseKeLIgvij . eKGacniyay:n za hg neratm minyl
TaMgBIr KW c|ab:raMg nig reb[brsenA ebs Exr clnats)U k* ekIteLIg

Cabn bnabswg EteBjmYycMeh[gnKr .
BIeKalbMNgminl rbs GaNaniKm:raMgeT. karEbk:k kmaMgenAcMeBaH

muxbreTs KWCakarebIkpv sRmabo breTs KbKg EtbueNaH . enA qaM
1897 :raMg:nbgMescExr ocuHhtelxa eTAelI GnusJamYyeT[t Edl

bKl siTiKbKg RbeTskmCa TaMgGseTAo:raMg .
dMMNakkar TI3 cabepIm BI rCkal hg sIusuvti KW enA qaM 1906 .
enAkgdMMNakkarenH EdlhgsIusuvtieZVIshkarCitsiTCamYy:raMg beTs

kmCaEbkayxnbnicmg> eTACabeTsmYy Edle:HCMhan snSwm> eqaH
eTArk PaBsm&yTMenIb . buEn minyUrbunan eday manTMnas rvag vb|Z(m
________________________________________
clna bHe:r bqaMg nwg :raMg
La rvolte anti-franaise
enAeBlEdl :raMgcabepImkankabsukExr clnats)U k*cabepIm
kekIt eLIgEdr . enAcenaHqaM 1864-1866 GacarsYr :nbEmbmUl
Ka:nCaecIn vay:raMgbgM oecjBIsuk. enAqaM 1865 eBaZikMe:r :n
beg,ItclnamYy d*ZM sMebImGsar ehIy :nkankab swgEtmYycMeh[g
RbeTs buEnenAqaM 1867 :nRtUv:raMg cab:n ehIykatk ykk|aleTA

daktaMg enA kNalraCZanI . clnabHe:r TaMgenH mintwmEt bqaMg nwg
*ksar rbs Gatedma LWEkr Histoire du Cambodge sresr A-sua .
:raMgbueNaH eT KW bqaMg nwghg neratm pgeT[t eBaHEtescGg<enH
ylza KW GacarsYr dUecHvijeT. munkarkekIteLIg n clna TaMgBIrenH
GkGg<mas Gg< sIuvta EdlCaRBHraCGnuC rbs hgneratm k* :nbg,
buEn RbvtiviTUExr nigbreTsxHehA GacarsVa . GkRsavRCavmYycMnYn
:nsuxcit o:raMgtYttaExr . munkarkekIteLIg n clna TaMgBIrenH
Edlput rltGseTAvij enAqaM 1867 (GacarsYr Gacar sVa :nRtUv
kmaMg bRmugdeNImraC BI hgneratm CabgEdr .
DUda dW LaeRK cab:nenA cUv Dwk enAz 19 sIha qaM 1866 rI
eJZikMe:r RtUvkat k enA ExZ qaM 1867 ) . Gg< sIuvta EdlCabn rbs
hgneratm k*:nbg,kmaMgbmugdeNImraC BIesc neratm CabgEdr .

rIemT&BsMxan > enAeBlenaH manCaGaT ramayuZua nig sgsUr .
1) clna Gacar sYr Gacar sVa (18591859-1866)

enAeBlEdltmnavI:raMg
LakgDIEyr
cuHk:lenAkMBghg
mkCYbhgneratmenATIkugdug< enAEx kk,da qaM 1863 edIm|IbJHbJl o

escExr TTYlyk snisJa GaNaBa:l :raMg sankarN cgCul
101
102
bniceTAehIy eBaH enAz 2 mina qaM 1863 edayxacesces[meZVI:b
BYkem> TaMgenaH manCaGaT ; ramayuZa nig sgsUr . BYkTaMgenHeZVIkar
KW eBaZisat nig kMBugsVay. :raMgxwgNas EtBMudwgeZVIdUcemc. enATIbMput
smabenAextkMBt. GMeBIeXareXATaMgLayenH :ntUv elakGatedma LW
eBldEdlenaH hgneratm k*:nbJnRBHraCGnuCTI2 rbs RBHGg< BH
xH KWCaGkeshaCatiEdl:nts)U yagsVitsVaj kgeKaledA edj:raMg
beNayoyYn ykTwkdIExr hgneratm :nbKlExRtExrBIreTAoes[m
hgneeatm k*:ncuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJa CamYy :raMgvij . buEnenA
nam Gg< sr eTAbeTses[m pgEdr . mageT[t kStGg<enHman bCa

biyPaB CagRBHGg<pg. namWunes[mmak:n mkTTYlykBHGg<mas Gg<
sr enAEx vicika qaMdEdlenaH . R:MBIrExekay mk KW enAz 3 mizuna qaM
1864 hgneratm :ntUvraCaPieskeday:raMgpg edayes[mpg KWenA

eBlenaHehIy EdlembHe:rmak eQaH
sVa
egIbeLIg bqaMgnwg :raMg.
vaybhar eTAelIGkraCkaredaytrEGg . kjackI Ekb :ntUvBYkenH

Ekr BiB(Nna enAkges[vePA rbs elak yagBisar. buEn cMeBaHbvtiviTU
ecjBIsuk KW minEmn edIm|IdeNImGMNac EtmYymux enaHeT . eTaHCayag
NakI enAeBlEdl:raMg cUlmksukExr GacarsVa:nbEmbmUl bCa
Cn CaecIn vaylukyk TIkugPMeBj Etmg . buEn enAkgkarbyuTenaH

GacarsVa EbrCatUv:kT&Bxatxay eTAvij eBaHkgT&BraCkar nig Tahan
:raMg k* eZIVkarTbTlyagxaMgkaEdr . GacarsVa :nrteTAlakxnBYn
enAqaM 1859 embHe:renH :neZVIomankarCYlcbl mgrYcmkehIy. eK
Gata enAkUsaMgsIun edaymanbraCyYnenAExRtvijLg ecADwk nig haeT[g
Gg< m . tamkarBit BHGg<mas Gg< Pwm CakStmYyGg< EdlmanCmW
yYnCYylak GacarsVa . enAz 19 sIha qaM1866 DUda dW LaeK eTACYb
taMgxneKzaCaBHGg<mas Gg< Pwm EdltUvCaBHraCbut rbs GtItbraC

viklcrit ehIy EdlsuKt enATIkug:gkk taMgBIqaM 1843 enAkg Cnayu
21
BHvsSamkeNaH.
GacarsVaenH
enAeBlEdlecjeZVIskmPaB
maneKeC]zaCaGkmanbuN:rmImak
enAqaM
1859
EdltUveLIgKgraC
sukExr. kalenaH Gacar sVa GacarsYrenH EdltamkarBit CaCnCati
redsmakbueNaH :ntUvesc Gg< dYg cab:nehIyElgomanesrIPaB

vij.
ekayBIenaHmk GacarsVaedIrbmUlKIKa
enAKbExRtKbTisTI
Ca
BiessenAExRtTaMg :TI Bam nig Bkb|as. rIGkEdlcuHcUl suuTEtCa
embHe:rZM> kalCMnanEdl GkGg<mas Gg< sIuvta ekN erhBl bRmug

deNImraC BIhgneratm KW taMgBIsm&y:raMg minTancUlsukenAeLIy .
103
CaGkkarBar. :raMgminsuxcit oGacarsVa rYcxneLIy kalebI:ndwgza

braCyYn ehIyPgkaMePIgbgMobKlGacarsVamko:raMg . virPaB rbs
GacarsVa GacarsYrenH :ntUvbvtiviTUnana elIkeLIg yagek|aHk|ay

enAkg clna eshaCati ts)Uedj:raMgecjBIsuk . GacarsVak*dUcCa
eBaZikMe:rEdr CaGkdwknaM clnats)U rbs bCanuras EdltUv:raMg CiH

Cansg,tsg,inyagexacpSa. escExr:nod:raMg cab eBaZikMe:r eBaH
xac emdwknaM clna ts)UenH deNImraCsm|ti . hg neratm k* bqaMg
nwg :raMgEdr buEn xac:tbgGMNac Cagxac:raMgtYttasuk . KYrkt
sMKalpgEdrza GVIEdl escneratm :rm CageK bMput Kw karEdl:raMg
er[bcMsukeTs tamreb[b rbseK edIm|IsRmYl dlkarykbeTsExr eTA

eZVIGaCIvkm rbs BYkeK . buEn TnwmenaH :raMgk*:nEbkay kmsiTi rbs
104
BHraCvgSanuvgS mkCa kmsiTi saZarN;Edr .
sRmYlsiTienH dl CnCati cin nig yYn eTAvij .
CaGkusl :raMg EbrCa
2) clna eBaZikMe:r (18651865-1867)
:n enAz 25-26 vicika qaM1866 buEn eBaZikMe:rrtrYcmgeT[t . enAEx

mkra
qaM1867
:raMgcab:nmgeT[t EteBaZikMe:r eKc:tsaCazIeT[t
ehIyeTAecjenAmM kMBg eLg nig :rayN eNaHvij . enAeBlenaH

eBaZikMe:r cgvayykTIkugdug<Etmg. kgT&BraCkar nig :raMg vayTb
Tl yageBjTMhwg . eBaZikMe:rTaMTmin:n k* rteTABYnenA kMBgZM .
enAcugqaM 1885 GkbHe:rRbqaMg nwg:raMg makeT[teQaH eBaZikMe:r
enATIbMput kgT&Bescneratm k* cab:n enAeBlEdl eJZikMe:r kMBugBYn
ExRtkecH ehIykab:nextCaecIn enATisbUBa( rYmbJlTaMg niKm mYy
GMbil rYcykeTA taMg Ca saZarN; enA kNal TIkugPMeBj enA ExZ qaM
:neZVIo:raMg nighgneratm mankarPitP&ytk,ma. eBaZikMe:recjxn enA
smM lakxnenAkgtBaMgmYy. eBaZikMe:rtUveKkatk ykk|aleTAbLak
enA:sak kgEdndIkUsaMgsIun eT[tpg. embHe:renH EdltaMgxnza CaBH
1867 .
eBaHecHevTmn xaMgBUEkGsar. tamkarBit embHe:rEdl:nyk eQaH
3 ) GkGg<massIuvta (RbsUt enAqaM 1841 suKt enA qaM 1891)
raCbutmYyGg< rbs esc Gg< cn manbCanuras cuHcUlecInNas

RBHGg<maseJZikMe:renH mkebImanedImkMeNIt CaCnCati reds . RBHGg<
mas eBaZikMe:r suKttaMgBI enAkumar
(1818 - 1825) mk eNaH . rI
eJZikMe:r EdlCa embHe:r CnCati reds enH Edlman bBn R:Mnak
bnabBI BH:T Gg< DYg cUlCIvg<t enAqaM 1860 namWunsBVmuxmnI
k*elIkBHGg<mas Gg< vtI (hgneratm) EdlCabutc|g oeLIgsgraC
(Bgmak yYnmkBI GNammak nig ExrbInak) CamnusSkacsahavNas .
tamBakEppaM rbsBH:T Gg< DYg . kalenaH Gg< sIuvta EdlCaBHraC
seNaH . ecAhVayextkecH nig sMbuk k*:ntUveBaZikMe:renH smab
mas Gg< vtI osgraC BMu:neZVIo Gg< sIuvta sBVBHraCh#T&yeLIy.
ebIGkNa minBmsabbg<abxn eBaZikMe:r smabecal eday tsay

ecalEdr. ekaymk eBaZikMe:r mktaMgTI enAPUmi eQITalePaH enAkg
ExRtkJr. PaKxagekIt TaMgGs nTen emkug rYmbJlTaMg t|gXMpg
buteBA rbs BH:T Gg< DYg manGayu 19 BHvsSa . karelIkRBHGg<
BIeBlenaHmk Gg< sIuvta cabepImeZVIskmPaBbqaMg nwghg neratm Bm
TaMgnamWunsBVmuxmnI CaBiess bqaMgnwg ecAhVamas EdlCaGkkarBar
sitenAekamGMNacrbs eBaZikMe:rTaMgsug. enAExmizuna qaM 1866 esc
hgneratm. Gg< sIuvta CakStmYyGg< bkbeTAedayrUbsm|ti nig R:C\a
:PM . buEn eBaZikMe:rrtrYc ehIyekaymk ecjmuxsaCazIeT[t. :raMg
cUlcitniyayPasaes[mCag. GkNak*cUlcitsabGkGg<mas sIuvtaEdr
neratm :nbJnkLaeham KWemT&BeCIgTwkoeTAvayqk cabeBaZikMe:renA

k*tamcab yagkkit NasEdr . kgT&B:raMg mYyGg<PaB cab eBaZikMe:r
105
Qasv BUEkxagevahar niyayExr satCMnajCagesc neratm Edl
minzabus sIeLIy. GkGg<massIuvta mannarICaecIn ecamsLaj .

106
minEtbueNaH Gg< sIuvta man bCabiyPaB d*xs enAkgcMeNambCanu
zmYy BYkenH eLamB&TsIuvta:n buEn GkGg<mas sIuvta payesH el]n
d* KanBMEdn rbs BHGnuCGg< enH. minyUrbunan Gg< sIuvta k*beg,ItT&B
mkCamYy. KWnarIenaH ehIyEdlGg< sIuvta nig hgneratmdeNImKa taMgBI
T&B enAdI:PM CamYy sgsUr EdlCajatixagmay . luH:ndwgza man
BIer]genaHmk may rbs GkGg<mas sIuvta :ntUveKXMuTukenAkg raC
ras pgeT[t. buEnGVIEdleZVIohg neratmmankgVlxaMgCageK KWmhicta

bmugvayykraCsm|ti BihgneratmEmn. mundMbUgsIuvta cabepIm ekN
er]gEbbenH
hg neratm ecjraCbJao sgsUr cUlxnmkdug< edIm|Io
ecAhVa mas ykeTAkateTas . sg sUr BMuBmcUlmkbgajxn tamraC

bJaeT
ehIyrteTAlakxnBYnGata
enAkEng
rbs
BHGg<massIuvta
Edl taMgBIeBlenaHmk ElgeTAKalBHraCaeT[t . mageT[t manelc
Jkza esces[m :ncat sIuvta oXaMemIlhg neratm Ekgesc
dUcBYj ehIy e:HBYycUleTAkg raCvaMgEtmg edIm|IeTAnaM narImak ecj

yUrmkehIy> EdlCa mUlehtu nTMnas rvag kStTaMgBIrGg<enH. bnab
vaMg . enAqaM 1860 enaH sg sUr nigramayuZa emT&B rbs sIuvta :n

byuTykQHeTAelI kgT&B ecAhVayext rbs hg neratmenA:PM. buEn
ekaymk k*TTYlbraC&yeTAvij. eTaHCayagenHkI k*hgneratm enAEtman

karBYy:rm BmTaMgGakGnh#T&yEdr. enA Ex sIha qaM 1861 BHGg<
k*yageTAKg enAExRt:tdMbg edaynaMTaMg BHx&nraC eTACamYypg. enA
ExrGg<enH nig namWunsBVmuxmnI lYck|tes[m . hg neratm Tgcgdwg
eBlenaH ramayuZa vayykTIkugdug<:nTaMgmUl buEn BMumansmtPaB
sBBH:TGg< DYg CaBHbita k*GkGg<mas Gg< sIuvta min:nyagmkCYb
man eTBekaslxs KanGkNaGaceb{bpwm:n . buEn edIm|IKbKg
er]genHEdr buEn Gg< sIuvta minecjmkCYbBHGg<esaH sUm|IeteBlbuN
CMu smaCikBHraC vgSanuvgSEdr. enATIbMput hgneratm k*seRmcedj BH

GnuCGg<enH oeTAsukes[mEtmg. buEnCakartbeyaCn eBaH GkGg<
KbKgEpkneya:y. ebIniyayBI karbyuTEpkeya ZaramayuZa BitCa
beTs C&yCMnH eyaZa EtmYymux minKbKaneLIy . ramayuZa :n

GMNacehIy EtmindwgtUveZVIGVITaMgGs KWdUcBak eKza karykGMNac Ca
mas sIuvta nig BHGg<maskStI sirIvgS CaBHCayaBMuBmdacGhg,ar .
kargaysYl buEn KWkarrkSaGMNaceT EdlCakarBi:k dUecHEdr . eday
BHGg<TgbJaonamWun BmTaMgesnabtIeTAcabsIuvta. buEn KanmnINa
KaMTxn GMNacTaMgmUl k*rbUt:teTAvijeTA. minEtbueNaHesat KWCaeKaH
Na EdlnwgtUv eLIgRKgraCvij enAeBlxagmux . mageT[t bCanu
GkepSgeT[tdeNImyk. enAeBlenaHg
hgneratm ekvekaZyagxaMg eBaHCakarbmazBHecsayagCak Esg.

h)ancabeLIy edayehtuza eKminGacdwg:n eday:kdza etI kStGg<
rassLajGkGg<mas sIuvta CaghgneratmeTAeT[t . edayTgyl
sPaB karNenH hgneratm k*cattaMgkummYy Edlman suTEtGkkan
sasnakatUlik nig BYkkUnecAjatiejamBYk B&rTuyeh< oeTAcabsIuvta.

107
emT&B d*BUEkenH minecHTakTaj oecAhVayExRt n raCaNackTaMgmUl
zakmYy d*ZMpgeT[t edayehtuza GMNacEdl rbUteTAvijenaH EtgEttUv
BYkcamenAt|gXM Edl:nbH
e:rbqaMgnwg esc Gg< DYg ehIyEdl:ntUv escGg<enH bg,ab:n
vij ehIy EdlbnabmkeT[t :nnaMKa eTAlakxn enA cUv Dwk k*eq{tyk
OkasenaH TakTgExSry;rbseK enAdug< oeTAniyay Bnl BHmha

108
kStiyanI Ca matarbs hg neratm BmTaMg namWunesc zatUvEtnaMKa
enaH
mWugmat rbs BHmhakStiyanI Edl:nehA ramayuZa omkKal ehIy
ekay mkeTIbdwgza minEmndUecHeT ehIy Ebr Camanmnil sgS&yeTAelI
eLIy k*naMkgT&B ecjBIdug< eZVIdMeNIreqaHeTA PMeBjvij:teTA . enHCa
mIisS k*sresrsMbut eTAesces[m sMuk:lmYy dwk hgneratm mk
karBarhgneratm TbTl nwgramayuZa. enATIbMput enAcMeBaHmuxriyabz

sIbenasecaTza CaGMeBIk|t embHe:rrUbenH EdlenAxac:rmI BHraCaenA
ramayuZak*dkkgT&B rt:teTA . kalebI:ndwger]genH hgneratm
EdlKg enATIkug:gkk k*ekItkI:rmxacEkg Gg< sr deNImraC .

BHGg<mas sIusuvti vij . enAcMeBaHmux PaBminc|aslasenH mugEsj&r
er]gEdlrkylswgmin:n eBaHmindwgCayagdUcemc :nCa GkGg<mas
PMeBjvij ehIyEzmTaMg sMuokgT&Bes[m mYycMnYn cUlmksukExr tam
eTenaH kgT&BKanEtCaecarBbueNaH . enAkgn&yenH ramayuZa Kanck
dUecH . hg neratm mkdlTIkug dug<vij enAExminaqaM 1862 . buEn
sIuvta mindwknaM karvayykdug<edaypal . ebIKanemdwknaM neya:y
NaeT[tekABIdkzyeT eBaH BYkecAhVayExRt Gacnwgvayekabmkvij.

mageT[t es[meKc|asCa nwgminbeNay oramayuZaykGMNac dUecH
ext:tdMbgeT[tpg. esces[m GrNas edaymanOkas CYyescExr
es[m oEtk:lCUnmkbueNaH KW minh)anbJnkgT&BmkeT . rI mug
Esj&r mIisS vij :ntUvGaC\aZr:raMg enAkUsaMgsIun sIbenasyagxaMg
:neLIy. rIBYkGkpSBVpSay sasnakatUlikenAeBlenaH manmugEsj&r
eBaH minKitBwg:raMgEdlenACitbeg,Iy ehIy EbrCa eTABwges[m eTAvij.
pgeT[t. eBlenaH :raMgminTanTaMgmankgT&B enAsuk Exrpg KW mantwm
(lamiral Charner) embJakar enATIkugsayh,n :nbJnebskCnmak
mIsS
(Monseigneur Miche) CaedIm suTswgEt Ca Gk karBarhg neratm
Gk:jkaNug mYykumtUc sRmab karBarvihar rbs BYkeKEtbueNaH .

eBaHEtxac kaNugenH ramayuZa cajsmt rhUtdl zaksuxcitbg:k
d*snwksnab
sgCmWcit
BYkGkTaMgenaHeT[tpg
KWsg
:kzxUcxat
vihar enABja EdlBYkeK:nbMpajecalkal BIeBlmun enHbnic .

bnmk BYkramayuZa eZVIskmPaBbHe:reT[t enAtamCayEdn PaKxagt|g
munBwtikarNenH KwtaMgBImun Exmina qaM 1861 tmnavI:raMg sarEnr

eTATUlzVaymhakStExrza :raMgmaneKalbMNgtaMgTIenAkUsaMgsIun ehIy
enAkgn&yenH R:zacgmanTMnakTMngl CamYyBHraCaExr . ekayeBl
Edl hg neratm yagviltLbmksukExrvij enAEx mina qaM 1862

ramayuZa nig sgsUr :ntUveKcabxn:n ehIykatk ykk|aleTAzVay
BHraCa. eK:nykk|alCnbHe:rTaMgBIrrUbenH eTAedatnwgdg#sItYtelI
buEn eZVIkarvayluk cUleCAmin:n. ecAhVayextt|gXM eZVI karTbTlvij
Ka ehIyedIrbgajGksuk GkPUmi bnabmk ykeTAedattaMg enA xaglic
Gg< sr CaBHGnuCtUvTTYlraCsiTiKbKgbeTs CMnYs sin. Gg< sr
sIuvta
edaytrYjra . enAeBlenaH eday hgneratm BMuman vt manenAkgsuk

bJaoTahan:raMg 5 nakEdlkarBar viharkatUlik dwknaM kgT&BeCIgTwk
eTAcab embHe:r ramayuZa . edaydwgza manTahan:raMg eZVIshkarpg

109
BHraCvaMg dug< . enAeBlEdl:raMg cabGkcUldeCIg rbs GkGg<mas

eTAdakKuk
enAekaHtLac
GseTA
GkGg<massIuvta
k*lakxn
rhUtdl ExmkraqaM 1885 eTIbcabeZVIkarts)U enAkgB saCazIeT[t enA

tMbnsan. buEnmgenH KW edIm|IcUlrYmcMENk CamYy bCanuras TUTaMg
110
beTs
EdlegIb
eLIgbHe:rbqaMg
nwg
:raMg
eBaHEt:raMg
eZVITuk
Ncin rbseK. GVIEdlTakTaj:raMg CaBiess enAsukExr kaleBl
TaMgGseTAoeKeT[t . karbHe:rmgenH rbs BHGg<massIuvta man kar
Biess:raMg elak DUda dWLaeK nig hVgsIu karej manParkic twmebI
EdlkarbHe:r mankmaMgxaMgmhima hgneratm k*cabepIm mankar:rm
edayeKdwg yagc|asza Ten enH BMuEmnCapvTwkEdleKGacebI:s dwk
bukemj kMhitykBndar edaytGasUr ehIybgMoescExrbKlGMNac
ylBm BIRBHmhakStpgEdr . buEn cabBI ExmizunaqaM 1886 enAeBl
enaH KW Tenemkug sm|tiZmCatinanadUcCaBeQI dMNaMCaedIm. ebskCn

R:s Tenemkug edIm|Iqgkat eTAbeTscin bueNaH . buEn enAqaM 1868
xacEkg Gg< sIuvta Gacnwg eLIgesayraCCMnYs eBaH Gg< sIuvta man
CJnTMnij eqaHeTA PaKxageCIg:n :raMg k*seRmc e:Hyuz,a kabeCay
. enA Ex mizunaqaM 1886 hgneratm seRmcbJbkarbHe:r ehIysna
elak s)Ul EhVrIu :nkMNtEpnkar CaecIn sRmabeZVI karEkTmgZM> Epk
bCabiyPaBeRcIn enAkgcMeNam mnI k*dUcCa enAkgcMeNam bCanuras
nwg:raMgza nwgeZVIshkar CamYy:raMgpgeT[t . tamkarBit hgneratm
maneKalbMNgtwmTamTaro:raMgbKlGMNacmkvij EtbueNaH Kweday
Ncin yagENnEtmgeTA . KabCYneBlenaH enAbeTs:raMg rdaPi:l

rd:l enARbeTskmCa eBaHza enAeBlenaH man esckIraykarN Ca
ecIn EdlplBt(man Gtenam&t mYlbg,acescExr BmTaMg sPaBkarN
ebI kmaMgGkeshaCati nigclnabHe:r rbsGg<sIuvtaCabn. Gg< sIuvta
enAkgsuk. karBit CnCati:raMg EdlCaGksresr esckIraykarN
buEn BMu:nCYbnwg OkasenaHesaHeLIy eBaH:raMg:nBgwgGMNac rbs
CaehtueZVIo mankarP&n cLM d*ZnZr GMBIsPaBkarN enAkgraCaNack
:neTAtaMgTIenAextsm|N(
ehIyrgcaMsankarNzI
edIm|IeLIgKgraC
hg neratm yagrwgmaM . Gg< sIuvta cUlCIvg<t enAqaM 1891 enAkgCunayu

50 BHvsSa .
enA kUsaMgsIun eZVIdMeNIr tamk:lcm|aMg eTATIkugPMeBj enAz 17 mina

vaMgenAeBlyb eTsaPii:l :raMgenH k*bJaoeKdas hg neratm TaMg
kNalratI edIm|IbgMoBHGg< LayBHhselxa bKlGMNacTaMgGs
na qaM 1885-1886
eTAoersIudg s)UeBrIeyIr:raMg . R:MExekayBwtikarNenH KW enAExvicika

qaMdEdl
La rvolte gnrale
1880
. kgkbx&N n karGnuvtn viZankarzI elak tumsun eTsaPi:l:raMg
qaM 1884. tumsun Ca mnusSkeRmalbYnCug. eBleTAdlmuxBH raC
kubkmTUTaMg beTs
munqaM
GMBIsukExr BMuylGMBI TMen[mTmab vb|Zm( nigGarZm(ExrGIVTaMgGs Edl
:raMgKaneKaledAGVI
c|aslasbunaneT
cMeBaH
beTs kmCa ekABIkarrkSaTukTwkdIExroKgvg ositenAkgrgVg shPaB
111
clnabHe:rmYy
k*:npHeLIgkgTUTaMgbeTs.
muneBlEdl
BwtikarNenH ekIteLIg eTsaPi:l tumsun sanza ExrCamnusSstbUt
minecH tdeLIy. karBit enAekamGakar stbUtenH Exrbg,benAkgxneK
mak> nUvzamBl d*xaMgkaEdleKEtgEtebICaer]y> enAeBlEdl Okas

112
huco. buEnhg neratm tUvKitCabfm dleKaHzakcMeBaHmux KW karEck
sb o:raMgeZIVkarEkTmgrd:lEdr. cabtaMgBIqaM 1888 :raMg xMbJH
ExredaysYlEtmg. buEnebInwgbKlGMNaceTAo:raMgEtmg k*dUcEtKa.
CaBiessxagEpkhirJvt. hgneratm k*minylTasGVIEdr drabNa BH
kMEhgenH . buEn GkGg<mas sIuvta EdlCaemdwknaMkarbHe:r k* eq{tyk
eTAoGktMNagGaNaBal:raMg dwknaMKNrdmnI edIm|IeZVIkarEkTmg pg
TwkdIExrCaBIr edayyYn nig es[m. ebITasnwg:raMg> GacoyYn ykTwkdI
mhakubkm naqaM 1884-1886 KWCa karbyuT erIbmH ecjBI karKMram

OkasenaH edIm|I deNImykGMNac BI hg neratm CabgEdr . maner]gCa
ecIneT[t Edl:nCMruj oGg<sIuvta eq{tykkarts)U rbs GkeshaCati
kaleBlenaH mkdwknaM mhakubkmenaH . :raMg mankarBi:k TbTl Rk

Elg . Tahan rbseKrabBannak :n:tbgCivit . xHsabkgkarbyuT
bJloescExr TTYlyk karer[bcM sab&nrd tamEbbbT sm&yTMenIb

Gg< enACaGkseRmckickarepSg> rbs beTs . kStExr:nbKl siTi
eT[t buEn :raMg tUvpl:kcMnYn 40 mWun BIiyas
(400.000 piastres)
TuksRmaboescExrcatEcgeZVITMenIbkm edaypalBHGg<. kareZVITMenIbkm
CakickarmYy d* EsnBi:k eBaHza mintwmEt ehdarcnasm&n bueNaHeT
EdleKtUvksag . c|abcattaMgrd:l k*tUvEkEb swgEtTaMgsugEdr .
xHeT[tsab edayeraKKuncaj buEn xagGkts)UExrvij k*sabecInNas
KWwenAeBlenaHehIy EdlTMnas rvag vb|Z(mBIr EsgecjeLIg CaBiess
Edr . ebItam elak Gatedma LWEXr Exr 1 mWun nak :nBlICIvit enAkg
enAkgkarKbKgesdkic nighirJvt . TMnasenH :nnaMmk nUvkarcbUk
yuTsas. eKk*dwgEdrza KWhgneratm nignamWunExrEtmg EdlenABIekay
eBk beTskmCa k* ZakeTAkgvibti rcnasm&n mYy EdleZVIoskmPaB
karbyuTenH. enATIbMput :raMgk*ylza edIm|IbJbkarbHe:r eKtUvbr

karbHe:r . hgneratm ebIkmaMg Gg< sIuvta ovay:raMg edIm|ITbTl
nwg karEkTmg. GkGg<massIuvta eq{tyk GbCabiyPaB rbs hg

neratm edIm|I deNImGMNac eLIgKgraC . edayeXIj kmaMgxaMgmhima
rbs Gg< sIuvta hg neratm k*EGb:raMgvij. enAExmizuna qaM 1886
cblmYy d*ZM buEn seRmcsRmYleTA
edayman karbTajbTgKa xaMg
esdkicraMgsHeTAvij. GkEdl:nTTYlpl KW manEt:raMg nig CnCati
cin bueNaH . Qjcin rksIuekgbv&J bCaksikrExredaytGasUr .

enAqaM 1897 elak bUl
DUEmr :ntUvEtgtaMgCaGK<eTsaPi:l . Gk
tMNag:raMgenH yleXIjzaeKKYrEtbr neya:y:raMg enAkmCa KW yk
hgneratm seRmceZVIsniPavUbnIykm ehIybnabmkenAExmkra qaM 1887
GMNacTaMgGs BIescExr o:nmkvijmgeT[t. enA z 11 kk,da qaM
smbeTAtamExrvij enAkgkrNI EdlescExr bJbmhakubkmenH:n
GnusJamYy EdlmanlkN;dUc rdZmnuJ mYy dUecHEdr. enAeBlenaH
rdaPi:l:raMg sna nwg hgneratmza nwg EkGtbT GnusJa qaM 1884
CasaBr. BHraCaRTg ylBmtamesckIesIenHrbs:raMg. kgry;eBl

EtBIr-bIs:hbueNaH BYkkubkr :nnaMKa cuHcUl esc neratm swgEtTaMg
1897 elakGK<eTsaPi:lDUEmr eZVIkarKabsg,t ohgneratm TTYlyk

hgneratm manv&ycasNaseTAehIy .
Gs . BHmhakStExr rkSaGMNac:nvij dUcBIeBlmun buEn k*tUvyl

113
114
eBaHelak:neXIj suxPaBBHraCa enAmaMmYnlenAeLIy . buEn DUEmr min
BHGg<mas yuKnr
sUvKit BI r]gsgraCenH bunaneT . eKaledAcm|g rbs :raMg enAeBl
Le prince Yukunthor
enaH KI eZVIkarEkTmgbB&nrd:l n raCaNackExr . enHk*Ca bJamYy
enAqaM 1896 hg neratm cabepIm mankgVlmYyzIeT[t. BHGg<
sBVBHraCh#T&y cgo BHGg<mas yuKnr CaBHraCbut eLIgsgraC

bnabBIBHGg<esayCIvg<teTA. buEnBHGg< BMuGacseRmc esckIbgR:za
enH:neT eBaH Xun zan EdlCa CayasMNBV cgoBHGg<mas dYg ck
CabuteLIgsgraCvij. ekaymkedayGkGg<mas DYg ck eTACkekan
enAbeTsev[tNam ehIyesayCIvg<t:teTA Xunzan :nTTUcsMuoBH

Gg<maspanuvgSsgraCmgvij. mageT[t :raMgBMucgoBHGg<masyuKnr
sgraCeT eBaHkStGg<enH bqaMg nwgsnisJaqaM 1884 nig GnusJa
qaM 1897. :raMgenAeBlenaH er[bcMCaescoBHGg<massIusuvti EdlCa

bnhg neratmeLIgsgraC. edaydwgza esc neratmmaneKalbMNgcg
oBHGg<masyuKnreLIgKgraCdUecH ersIudg:raMg dWEvrNWvil
(De Ver-
neville) mankarBYy:rmyagxaMg. GK<eTsaPi:lrUsS (Rousseau) k*
man eyabl dUc dW EvrNWvilEdr. edIm|Ier[bcM EpnkardakBHGg<mas
sIusuvti osgraC o:nesc:cEtmg ersIudg dWEvrNWvil k* sresr

esckIraykarNmYy ep\IeTATIkug:rIs:bza hgneratmman BHraCsux
PaB minsUvl ehIy GacesayCIvg<t kgeBlqab>eT[tpg. dW EvrNW
vil esIza KYrEter[bcM oBHGg<mas sIusuvti eLIgKgraCoehIy Et

mgeTA. buEn enAExmina qaM 1897 elak DUEmr
(Doumer) :ntUv EtgtaMg
CaGK<eTsaPi:l CMnYselakrUsS. bnab BI:nCYb hgneratm GK<eTsa
Pi:l DUEmr k*dwgza dw EvrNWvil :nraykarNmYlbg,ac hg neratm

115
d* ZMEdr buEnelak DUEmr k*minyktmabtamelak tumsun kalBI qaM

1884 Edr. elak DUEmr k* dwgEdrza elak dW EvrNWvil cgdakBHGg<
massIusuvti oeLIgsgraC buEn elak DUEmr ylzahg neratm Gac

nwg eZVIshkarl CamYy:raMg enAkgkarEkTmg. mageT[t BHGg< k*BMu
man BHraCsuxPaBTuDeTam dUckarGHGag rbs dW EvrNWvil NaEdr.

GK<eTsaPi:l :raMg DUEmr xitxM bJHbJl hg neratm TalEt:n
seRmc. tamry;BHraCkwtmYy cuHz 11 k,da qaM 1897 GMNacTaMg

mUl rbs RBHmhakSRt :nZak eTAkgd GktMNag:raMg enA kmCa .
sPaBkarN enH eZVIoBHGg<masyuKnr mankgVlyagxaMg cMeBaHGnaKt

sukExr . BHGg< minbqaMg nwg :raMg k*BitEmn buEn BHGg<xac:raMg
edIrRCulhYs BMEdnedaycatEcg kickar raCaNackExr eTAtamTMenIgcit

rbseK . GVIEdlraCbutGg<enH rbs hg neratm BYy:rmCaTIbMput KW
BHGg<xac:raMg dkhUt mnIEdlman citsVamIPkicMeBaHBHbita rbs BH
Gg< ehIy ykmnI BukrlYy mkCMnYsvij. esckIBYy:rm rbs BH

Gg<masyuKnr minEmnCa karP&ncLMeLIy eBaH siTiGMNac rbs hg
neratm ecHEtcuHzyCalMdab. eTaHCayagNakI k* esc neratm enAEtrk

KbmeZa:y edIm|IoBHGg<masyuKnr eLIgsgraCEdr. enA qaM 1900
mhakStExr :nseRmcoBHGg<mas yuKnr yageTA TIkug:rIs CMnYs
BHGg< edIm|I cUlrYmkg BiBN( beTsGaNaniKm Edler[bcMeLIg enAkg
rdZanI:raMg . hgneratm sgwmza BYkGkGenIs:raMg enATIkug:rIs

116
Gac nwg TTYls<al BHGg<masyuKnr Ca GanaKtescsukExr CaBMuxan
eTA swgburI . enAz 25 emsa qaM 1904 hg neratm CaBhbita cUl
eTAelIesckIeT[gtg . BHGg<eC]za :raMg enATIkug:rIs GacnwgCYyrk
BHGg< enAsukExrxHEtbueNaH dUcCaGkmagBamCaedIm EdlenAqaM 1901
BHGg<:nbKlGnusSrN;mYy eTAoGaC\aZr:raMg . enAkgksarenaH
eLIgKgraC. enAsukExr GkmagBam :nxMxHExgCYyBHGg< yagskm
eLIy. BHGg<mas yuKnr CakStmYyGg< EdlBMuecHEGbGb ehIy eC]Et

yutiZ(m . KWenAkgn&yenH ehIy EdlenAOkas buNBiBN(enATIkug:rIs
BHGg<lattdagnUv GMeBI minKYrKb|I rbsersIudg :raMg eTAelIbita rbs
BHGg<. GkTTYlxustUv:raMg mintwmEtxitxMlaker]genH edIm|ICYyKaeK
bueNaHeT KWEzmTaMgnaMKaKiteZVI:bBHGg<EzmeT[t. buEn GkkaEst :raMg

mak n sarBt(man LW mataMg
(Le Matin) EdlesaHtg nwghg
neratm ehIy Edl:nGmdMeNIr BHGg<masyuKnreTAsuk:raMg :nyk

sMNMuer]genHeTAlattdag enAkgTMB&rkaEst rbseK enAkgelxcuHpSay
z TI 11 tula qaM 1900. mnI:raMg tUvbgMcitcatviZankar edaydkhUt
CIvg<t. BHGgmasyuKnr k*GsbEgk KWenAslEt GkEdlesaH nwg

:nxitxMep\I:k eTABHGg< edaysgwmza BHGg< Gacnwg eZVIkarts)U:n
edaypSBVpSaydMNwgzaBHGg< :nbeg,Itclnats)U edIm|IvilmkkmCa sg
raCBHbita. enA z 25 kum; qaM 1904 :raMg :nbeJj odwgza BH

Gg<massIusuvti nwg tUveLIgKgraC. enA z 25 emsa qaMdEdl eday
Tgman eraKaBaZi pg BHGg<masyuKnr k* suKt:teTA . Bakccam

Garam :nGHGagza edaynwksukeBk BHGg<:nsakl|g qgsmuT BI
sukes[mmksukExr buEn :ntUveKbharCivitecal :teTA .
GktMNag enAkmCa Cabnan . ekayBIenaHbnic er]genaH k* sbsat
eTAvij . taMgBIeBlenaHmk :raMgsbexIm RBHGg<masyuKnrNas ehIy
eZVIGVIKbEbbyag edIm|Ier[bcMdak BHGg<mas sIusuvti osgraC enAeBl
hgneratmesay CIvg<t. bvtviTU:raMg EBrLamg :nyksMNMuer]g
yuKnrenH mkGZib|ayyagBisar enAkgniekbbTrbs elak ekamcMNg

eCIgza ; sMNMuer]gyuKnr
(lAffaire Yukanthor) . enAeBlEdl
er]genaHpHeLIg mnI:raMgenATIkug:rIs :nsMuo hgneratm ecjbJa

oBHGg<masyuKnr viltLbeTAsukExrvijCabnan . buEn BHGg<mas
yuKnr BMuBm eBaHTgdwgCaescza :raMgbmugeZIV:b. eBl:raMger[b

cMecjk:l BHGg< :nbeJat:raMg edaydakmnusSmakCMnYs . BHGg<
mas yuKnr cgbnkarts)UeT[t enAbeTs:raMg buEn:ntUv:raMg nireTs

117
118
RBHGg<mas neratm yuKnr

119
120
CMBUk 3
karpSaM GarZm( Exr CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg
TMenIbkm
km ; bdivaTkm rvag
vb|Zm( BIr
La modernisation : conflit de deux cultures
xusBI hg neratm EdlylRBmeZVIkarEkTRmg edayeTIsTal hg
sIusuvti man TsSn; dUcesc Gg< eGg CaRBHGyeka nigesc Gg< dYg Ca
RBHbitadUecHEdr . RBHGg<eQVgylza ebIyk:raMgCabEgk ExrminRtwmEt
rMedaHRbeTs oputBIRkjaMyYn niges[mbueNaHeT KWW GacnwgQaneTArk
PaBsm&yTMenIb nstvtSrTI 20 eT[tpg. KWWenAkgn&yenHEdr EdlenAqaM

1865 RBH:TsIusuvti :nxitxMCYy:raMgrkcabeJZikMe:r EdlmanbEgkBI
namWunyYn. kareZVITMenIbkm Cakickard*Bi:k eRJHCakarEdlbHJl dl
TMen[mTmab TsSn;CIvit nig citKMnit rbs RbCaCn CaBiess dlGMNac

RBmTaMg sab&n esdkic hirJvt n rbbraCaniym kalCMnanenaH. RBH
raCRkwtcuHz TI 24 mkraqaM 1908 :nbJl rbbesdkic esrIniym mk

kg RbeTskmCa buEnBMu:npl plRbeyaCn GVIbunan dlRbCaraRsExreT
ehIyEbrCahucpl d*eRcIn o:raMg nig CnCaticineTAvij.
tamkarBiteTA reb[brsenA rbsCnCatiExrminEmn TTYlTiBl Et
BI:raMgbueNaHeT.
enAkgbribT
ncMNIGahar
ExrEdlrsenAtamTIRkug
CaBiessmRnIraCkarEdlmanR:kkasZUrZar naMKabriePaK KuyTav s)uym

nM:v caexV enAeBlRBwk k*cMNIyYn dUcCa
:jhy
:jEqv Ca
edIm enAeBlbriePaKGaharzRtg eBllac . TnwmenaHEdr xHbriePaK nM
121
122
bJk bbrRtI KuyTavqa ebItamreb[b:raMg nMbu&gdaksac
sgvic.
eday. elIkElgEtkrNIBiess RsIkRm:neLIgesayraCNas. buEn
RCUkxVCaedIm) . ebIminebIkhageT CnCaticin eZVIreTHruj. yYneRcInErklk
er[bkar. TiBlbitaZibtI minEmnmkEtBI NaaeT Et k*mkBI TMen[mTmab
cinebIkhaglkmbcin eRJgRJttamTIRkug
(s)ubmI s)ubKav LkLak TaxV
pyeTAvij RbusRtUvbJn sYysarGarkr
(elIkCMnUn) eTAoRsI muneBl
ehIyExrTUlGnSmeck nMkg nMRkUc EpeQI dUcCaRBIg eckCaedIm lktam
cinEdr. TiBl:raMg manCaBiessxagvis&yc|ab (sab&nrd:l esdkic
:nelIkeLIg GMBI TiBlmbcin enAkgreb[brsenARbcaMz rbs ExrenA
GkGeRnIs nisSit bJvn GPiCn) beckeTs (RbdabRbdaeRbIR:sRbcaMz
TajxVak kabxVab sabjabd evIyloqab Rbjabqan. reb[bbriePaK
km) . enATsvtSr 1950 enAkgvis&yGriyZm( eRkABI karGanes[vePA nig
ceg,IH) . cinykRbBnExr ehIysRmbrb[brsenA eTAtam RbBNIExr buEn
:raMg er]gkUve:y Gaemrik GIutalI CaedIm . GkEdlTTYlkarGbrMtam
pH. ebItamksarxH ExrbriePaK mbcintaMgBIyUr mkehIy. kvIExrsnmuk

TIRkugdug<dUcteTAenH?
evIyEn Gacik qamYykak GacikkRnak :nsacxV
GaharenAtamTIRkug k* TTYlTiBl BI :raMg nig cinEdr
(tu sk sabRJ
hirJvt) vb|Zm(/GriyZm( (karERbRbYlTMen[mTmab eTAtam:raMgenAmCdan
TMenIb>nigTansm&y) viTasaRs (evCsaRs OszsaRs ksikm sSah

TsSnavdI breTs ExrEdler[n Pasa:raMg eRcInnaMKaeTAemIlExSPaByn
eKkRmeXIjRsIExrykbIyYnNas edaymUlehtu RbvtisaRs nig TsSn
EbbExrsuTsaZ cUlcitemIlExSPaBynNa nig Exr . GkEdler[nenA
rvagmnusSBIrnak BMumann&yza CacMNg rvagRKYsarBIreT
nig buK<l rvagRsI nig Rbus dUcCa karTTYls<al esrIPaB rbs buK<l KW
viCa. eK k*kRmeXIjnarIExrykbI:raMgEdr eRJH cMeJH:raMgGaJhBiJh
(lunion de deux
individus et non de deux groupes de famille). ExrminykesrIPaBbuK<l
CaZMeT KW ykRKYsarsacjati bgbnCaZM. eBler[bkarehIy kUnRtUvsab
viTal&y manKURbcaMcit nig manTsSn;eC]nel]nkgTMnakTMng rvag buK<l

minbgMomitPki bgbn manTsSn; dUcxndacxatGVIeT.
CnCaticinEdlrsenARsukExr enACMnanGaNaBa:l:raMg mancMnYn
bg<abBukmay bgbnCIdUnCIta mamIg casTMubneT[t . rIkarerIsKURskr
eRcInrYcmkehIy taMgBI qaM 1863 mk . cMnYnenH ecHEtekIneLIgEzmeT[t KW
KW minGacykbI citg :neLIy . kaledImeLIy sg<mExr Ca sg<m
enaH KW 10 PaKry nRbCaCnkgRsukTaMgGs. CnCaticin minBi:krYmrs
RBhJsasna :nnaMmk nUvTiBlebetyka bitaZibtI
maneRcInEdr. yuvCnEdler[nenAviTal&y:raMg_Exr k*rstamreb[bExrEdr
k* Buk may erIsoEdr edaymankarsVaKmn BIsacjatiCitqaypgeT[t.

metyka mataZibtI
(socit matriarcale) KW RsICaGZibtI buEn TiBl

(patriarcat ) .
buEn TMnas rvagTiBlGkmasRsuk nigTiBl mkBIbreTs :nplC&y
CMnHeTAoGkmasRsuk (er]gPMRbusPMRsI). eTaHbItampvc|ab RbusCa emRKY

sarkI k*enAEtRbBn CaGkseRmc cugeRkaydEdl eTaHenAkgvis&yNa k*
123
106784 nak enAqaM 1874. ebIeRb{beZ[bmkcMnYnRbCaCnExrkalsm&y

CamYyExreT eRJHecHdakxn ehIyeKarBTMen[mTmabExr. Exrkatcin k*cab
ehIyswgEtTaMgGsKaBMuecHPasacineLIy KWecHEtPasaExr nig:raMg Gg
eKs . enATsvtSr 1950_60 enAeBlEdlRbCaCnExrekInmkdlcMnYn BI
4. 289. 000 mk 5. 463. 000 nak RbCaCnenATIRkugPMeBj k*ekIneLIg

124
eRcInEdr
( 1939; 108. 000 nak; 1958 ; 450.000 nak; 1975; 2
lan 5 Esnnak) .
Gg< dYg
rCkal hg sIusuvti (1904-1927 )
( RbsUtqaM 1796 - 1860)
Le rgne du roi Sisowath
RKgraC BIqaM 1841 dlqaM 1860
enAeBlEdlhg neratm esayCIvg<tPam Kw enAqaM 1904 ersIudg
:raMg hgrIu dWLamut

eLIgsgraCCabnan
(Henri de Lamothe) :ner[bcMoBHGg< massIusuvti

.
buEn
TalEt
qaMekaymk
eTIbBHGg<:ntUv
GPiesk . rI BiZIGPieskenH KW:nbBwtieTA enAekamGZibtIPaB nelak

bUl bU
(Paul Beau) EdleBlenaH CaGK<eTsaPi:l:raMgenANcin .
BH:TsIusuvti BMumanneya:y dUcBH:T neratmeT . xusBIhgneratm
EdlxitxMrkSa tulPaB rvag es[m nig :raMg ehIyEdlsgwmza vtman

:raMg enANcin nwgtUvbJbkgeBlqab>eBaHEtman clnats)U enAkg
beTs
hgsIusuvti
manCMen]dUecHvijza
manEt:raMgbueNaH
EdlGacEb
kaybeTskmCa oeTACabeTsmYy d*TMenIbenAkgtMbn . ehtudUecHehIy

:nCaenAkgrCkal rbs BHGg< KWBI qaM 1904 dlqaM 1927 karEk Tmg
:nbBwtieTAedaysuvtiPaB. ekamraCescGg<enH sukExr:ne:H CMhan

CasnSwm> eqaHeTArk PaBsm&yTMenIb n stvtSrTI 20 . BH:TsIusuvti
CabutmYyGg< rbsBH:T Gg< DYg CamYyGkmageBA. bsUtenAqaM 1840

BHGg<mas sIusuvti CaBHGnuC rbs hgneratm nig Cabg rbs Gg<
sIuvta . BH:TsIusuvti :nTTYlkarGbrMmYyEpk enATI kug:gkk (1854-
1858) .
125
CamYy Gkmag Ebn
CamYy GkmageBA
Gg< vtI (nerat

neratm)
( RbsUtqaM 1834 - 1904 )
Gg< sIusuvti
( RbsUtqaM 1840 - 1927 )
CamYyGkmag
CamYyGkmag nYn
pleTB savan
(Xun zan)
( ekItqaM 1825/ _ / )
( ekItqaM 1840_ 19 )
esrIvgS
( RbsUtqaM 1842 - 1883 )
CamYy Gkmag
nBVeraZ
( RbsUtqaM 1853 - 1891 )
xaM
( ekIt qaM 1841 - /)
Gg< sIuvta
( RbsUtqaM 1841 - 1891 )
126
neratm
sIusuvti
( RbsUtqaM 1840 - 1927)
CamYy GkmagXit
CamYy eG[mbusS:
Ektsara
sutarut
1869
stavgS
1872
1875
CamYy Xun zan
CamYymm zat
CamYyGkmag Buy
CamYyRBHGg<maskSRtI
vtnavgS
( RbsUtqaM 1858 - 1904)
sam&r
lMBgS sSara
( RbsUtenAqaM 1860_ 1905 )
panuvgS
cnelxa
neratm starut
CamYy neratm pagagam
CamYyRBHGg<maskSRtI
( 1896_ 1960 )
CamYy Gkmag van
munIvgS
rtN
( 1861_ / ) (1862_1901)
CamYy RBHbrmTIberat narI
Duonglakhana
( RbsUtqaM 1876_1953 )
buRtI rbs hg neratm nig Xun zan

127
nuBVekA
(RbsUtqaM 1860_ 1907 )
suraRmit
CamYy Gkmag Eks
Changkolaney
sSaravgS
128
enAeBlEdlBH:T Gg< DYg esayCIvg<teTA ehIy enAeBlEdlBH
munIvgS
Gg<mas Gg< vtI (neratm) eLIgsgraC GkGg<mas Gg< sIuvta CMrujo
( RbsUtqaM 1876 - 1941)
BH Gg<mas sIusuvti eTAsukes[m edIm|ITuklTPaBoBHGg< eZVIclna
bqaMg nwg hgneratm EtmakRBHGg< . edayRBHGg<mas sIusuvti BMuBm

Gg< sIuvta k* eZVIkarts)UbqaMg nwgBHGg<mas sIusuvti Etmg . riyabz
enH BuM:neZVIoGk Gg<mas Gg< sIuvta GtOno:neLIy ehIy k*BuM:neZVI
CamYyGkGg<mas
oBH:T neratm sBVBHraCh#T&yEdr . hgneratm cgoBHGg<mas
neratm kanviman
BiNert
Thavet Roeungsy
Nearyvong
(1902)
(1899)
kusm;
munIert
(1904_1975)
(1909_ 1975)
sIusuvti yageTAbeTses[m eTIbBHGg< mankarkkekA eBaHxac BHGnuC

Gg<enH deNImraC. enATI bMput enAqaM 1863 tamesckIesI d* TTUc rbs
BHmhakSt BHGg<mas sIusuvti k* yageTAsukes[m . enAqaM 1865 KW
enAeBlEdl clna ts)U bqaMg nwg :raMg rbs eBaZikMe:r :npHeLIg

BHGg<mas sIusuvti k* seRmc tLbBI TIkug:gkk ehIyyageTATIkug
sayh,n
(Sagon) edIm|ICYy:raMgbg,abeBaZikMe:r . luH clna eBaZi
kMe:r :nQandlTIbJb BHGg<k*yagvil mkkmCavij . enA qaM 1870
munIBgS
ekamkarKabsg,t rbs :raMg hg neratm k*EtgtaMgBHGg<mas sIusuvti
(1912_1956)
CabraC. TalEt 36 qaMekaymk KW enA eBlEdlBHGg<man BHCnayu
66 BHvsSa eTIbBHGg< :neLIgKgraC. KWenAkgraCkStGg<enH ehIy

Edl:raMg :nxitxMKabsg,tes[m obKlTwkdIExrTaMgGsmkvij KWTaMg
TwkdIExrEdles[m:ndeNImyktaMgBIqaM 1794 TaMgExRtExrBIr Edles[m
:nrkSaTuk tamry;snisJa :raMg-es[m na z 15 kk,da qaM 1867 .
snisJacuHz 23 minaqaM 1907 bUkrYmCamYysnisJaqaM 1904 :n
GkGg<mas neratm kanviman CabuRtI rbs RBHGg<mas hasSkan .
RBHGg<mas hasSkan CabuRt rbs hg neratm.

129
plmkoExrvij nUvTwkdImYyPaKZM EdlExr:n :tbg BIeBlmun. ekABI

ExRt:tdMbg
nig
es[mrab Edl:ntUvbKl
130
mkoExrvij
tamry;
snisJaqaM 1907 TwkdImYyEpkeT[t KW TenreBA, mB, ekaHkug, ExRt

swgEtg k*es[m :nbKlmkoExrvijEdr tamry;snisJaqaM
1904.
dUckalBI 30 qaM mun enaHeT . :raMg:ndkemer[n BI kubkm na qaM 1885
buEnTnwmenH
muneBl
hgsIusuvti snaza nwg edaHsay bJaenH BYk:tukr k*naMKatLbeTA
enAekam karKbKg rbs eKsineTAvij . enAeBlEdl:raMg ecjputeTA
GarZm(BIr EdlrklkN; cuHsmugKa min:n . TMnasenH mantaMgBI yUr
TwkdIExr
EdlbeTsev[tNam
:ndeNImyk
:raMgmk KW kalBICMnanraCBH:T Gg< dYg EbrCa:ntUv:raMgdak osit

:raMgEbrCa bKlTwkdITaMgenaH eTAoev[tNam Etmg. enAkgrCkal hg
sIusuvti :raMg :nbeNay oCnCati cin nig yYn EdlrsenAsukExr

mansiTi
d*ecIn
elIslub
eTAelIbCaCnExr
CaBiess
enAkgvis&y
EdlkalenaH
eKtykQH
eTAelI
clnabHe:r
:neLIy.
bnabBI
suk_PUmi rbseKvij . TMnas rvag TIkug nig CnbT CaTMnas rvag

lg mkehIy Kw taMgBI eBlEdlsukExr sitenAekam karKbKg n
lTiBhJsasna rhUtmkdl sm&yGaNaniKm:raMg . rbb raCaniym
tamEbbbT eTvraC EdlecHEtman Caer[grhUtmk eTaHenAeBlEdlbeTs
yutiZ(m nig esdkic . bCaCnExr :negIbeLIgbHe:r bqaMg nwg :raMg
kmCa eKarBbUCa lTiBuTsasnaeTAehIy kI . kalCMnan BH:TC&yvr&nTI
bNI . enAcenaH qaM 1914-1918 enAeBlEdl sg<amelak elIk TI 1
mk KWBuTsasna hinyan ezrvaT . escExr :nyk lTi TaMgenH
yagxaMgka eBaH:raMg TarBndar hYsehtu ehIy eZVIkarKabsg,t tta
7 (stvtSr TI 12 _ 13) KW BuTsasna mhayan ehIy cabBIqaM 1290
:npHeLIg :raMg:nekNExr ykeTAc|aMg. enAqaM 1914 :raMg enAEtbn
mkeZVICamUldan
eZVIEsmin:n k*eday. bvtviTU GaemrikaMg edvId cinEdr
bunaneT
Taroksikr bgBnyagecIneT[t eTaHbImaneKaHTrikS eKaHrIgst rkTwk
(David Chandler)
:nsresrza enA Exvicika qaM 1914 enaH ksikrExr bmaNbIrynak
:nnaMKa edIrcUlTIkugPMeBj ykjtimYy eTAzVayRBHmhakStExr KW hg

sIusuvti edIm|IsMu oBHGg< CYybnrbny Bndar . hgsIusuvti sMuo
:tukr tLbeTAvijsin TRmaMrkmeZa:y edaHsay . buEn enAedImqaM

1916 enAeBlEdl ksikrkMBugcUtsUv sabEtPakgarBndar nig BYkExr
GkekNT&B bdabedaykaMePIg naMKamkyayIksikr Etmg . edayGtTaM
min:n GkPUmi k*QbcUtsUv ehIybEmbmUlKIKa :nrabBannak edIr
cUleTA TIkugPMeBj edayKanbgg . eXIj sPaBkarNEbbenH :raMg
bjabykescExr eZVICaExl eBaHminh)an eZVIkarbg,abeday GMeBI hwgSa

131
nkarrIkceRmIn
buEnbCaCnExr
rkSareb[brsenAedIm
rbseKCanic. karpSaPab rvag reb[brbb TaMgBIrenH BMusUv TTYleCaKC&y

edayGkdwknaMenATIkugBMu:n
ykcitTukdak
elIktem,Ig
bCaCn ehIy eday rd:l eZVIkarKabsg,t ttabNI.
CIivPaB
BwtikarN z 18 emsa qaM 1925
Lvnement du 18 avril 1925

:raMg cabepImer[bcM beTskmCa o:nkay eTACabeTs sm&y
TMenIb tamEbbT :raMg taMgBI sm&y hg neratm mk . enAkgraC hg
sIusuvti GPikm TMenIbkm kanEtmanlkN;xaMgkaEzmeT[t . CMnanhg

neratm ersIudg :raMg nig GK<eTsaPi:l :raMg enAkUsaMgsIun EdlCaGk
132
dwknaMkickarenH :nebImeZa:ymYy bkbedayeKaHzak KWdkhUtGMNac
BHmhakSt nigBYknamWun k*BitEmn buEnrd:l:raMg :neZVIobCaksikr
eKcg:n . kardkhUtGMNac BIescExr :nnaMmk nUv karbHe:r swgEt
xaMg Caecar munrYcCaesc . ebICnNa KanlTPaB KbKan sRmab
hgsIusuvti :raMg BMu:ndkhUtsiTiGMNac BIRBHmhakSRtExr k*BitEmn
PaBEbbenH
Et minsUvs<al citKMnitExr bueNaHeT KW EzmTaMgKan meZa:yR:kkas
enAeBlenaH :raMgepatGarmN CaBiess eTAelIbeTsev[tNam eBaH
TaMgGs BIescExr. meZayenH :nhucnUv lTpl pyRsLHBI karEdl

eBjpbeTs eBaHCa karrMelaP GZibety n beTsmYy . enAkgraC
buEn eK:ndwknaMkarEkTmg edaypalEtmg . mYyvijeT[t :raMg mintwm
KbKaneT[t sRmabeZVIkarEkTmg rcnasm&n . KW mUlehtu TaMgenHehIy

Edl:nCMrujomanBwtikarNz 18 emsa qaM 1925 Edl elak:reds
(Bardez) ersIudg :raMg enAext kMBgqaMg :ntUv mnusS ddl mYykum
ekAkhay eBaHEt karGnuvtn c|abmYyEbb EdlcatTukbCaCn za Ca
eKarBeKalkarN rbseK KW eKminCYybg,lkN; osineT. enAkgsan

bCaCnExr
mindwgCatUvrMBwg
eTAelIGVITaMgGs.
rI
karEk
TmgenaHesateT[t k* KanGVICadMukMPYn bunanEdr ebIeb{beZ[b eTAsukyYn.

beTsenH CaTwkdI EdleKkMBugeZVIGaNaniKmkic ykeTAeZIVCamUldan rbs
eK enAkgtMbnGasIu . KW enAkgn&yenHehIy Edl:raMg xitxMeZVI TMenIbkm
enAkUsaMgsIun CagenAbeTskmCa. mageT[t enAeBlEdl:raMg :nyl
smabecal. BwtikarNenH EdlekItmaneLIg enAPUmikaMglav :ntUv
c|as GMBI GtItkal d* ruger]g rbs Exr Edlman Gg<r CanimitrUb :raMg
cMNgeCIgza PUmitircan . enAz 18 emsa qaM 1925 enaHg ersIudg
sarmnIrmYy EtbueNaH. KW TsSn;enH ehIyEdl:neZIV oTMenIbkm enA
elak Dwk Kam nig elak eD]k G)M elIk eLIgenAkges[vePAmYy Edl man
:reds :nnaMExrBIrnak eTATarBnedayBMu:n:b ecAhVayextExr. :r
eds ylza ExreZVIkaryWteBk ebITarBnminTaneTenaH elaknwg tUv elak

hVgsVa bUdVaMg
(Franois Baudoin) ersIudgenAPMeBj sIbenasCaBMuxan .
:reds CamnusSkeRmal cUlciteZVIkaredaytkRkhl . minEtbueNaH
cgrkSaTuksm|tivb|Zm( nig TMen[mTmaboenAdEdl dUcedIm eBal KWTukCa

kmCa mankaryWtyav CaGtibrma ehIy Tnwm enaH k* beg,IteLIgpgEdr nUv
menaseJtna nig emaTnPaBCatiniymmYy bkb edayeKaHzak . rbb

raCaniymExr k* :nTTYl cMENkmYy d*ZM n emaTnPaB enaHEdr . :raMg
eKyldUecHeT[tza kartUvrUvCamYyescExrEtmYymuxKWCakaresc sRmab
TalEtebIZm(ekAeTIbman
BgwgTiBl rbseK enAkgbeTsenH . KW eBaHEtdUecHehIy :nCa
ehIybgt:ybgtTwk yageXareXA . enATIbMput GkPUmikaMglav :nBYt
neya:y rbsExrbunaneT . eTaHCayagNakI k*beTskmCa minGaceKc
ecAhVayext:raMg
kMBgqaMgenH
manCMen]za
bsiTiPaB. ebIGkNaKan:kbgBneT :reds oeKdakexaHeCIg GkenaH
dKa smab :reds BmTaMg GkGmdMeNIr ecalEtmg . buEn ekaymk

:raMg
:nbg,ab
GkPUmikaMglav
edaytRtabNI
kareZVITMenIbkm
beTskmCa enA CMnanhg sIusuvti Bmuman clnats)U bqaMgdwknaM eday

133
enAeBlekaymkeT[t :raMgminsUvKaMT GPiRkm TMenIbkm EpkbJa nig
putBI crn TMenIbkmenHEdr EtkaryWtyav :nnaMmknUv plvi:k d* ZnZr.

Bak
TMenIbkm
beTsEdleK
enHBMumann&yza Ca karvivtnrIkceRmIn n GarZm( n
eZVITMenIbkmenaHeT
EtCakarykGarZm(:raMg
134
mkeZVICaKMrU
edayRtg> Etmg. enHCaTMnasmYyd*ZM Edl:neZVIoKMnitCatiniym kanEt
cgykTwkdIExr eTAEbgEckKa Ca 2 EpkEtmg. beTses[m enAeBlenaH
Gk:C\Exr EdlsitenAekam karKabsg,t rbs escBMu GacbeJj mti
rI beTsyYnvij eKcgkicyk Epk xagt|g TaMgGs Etmg manCaGaTi ?
EdlbJakyagc|as GMBIbJaenH .
esc Gg< dYg k*seRmcehA:raMgomkCYy . bCaCnExrenAeBlenaH man
xaMgxaEzmeT[t. karEdlKYrktsMKal Kwza GarZm(Exr BMuGacvivt:n eBaH

nig eTBekasl rbs eK:neLIy. er]gZnC&y ZnJ&yCa skIkmmYy
sarxHeT[t KW mancMnYn 1 lan 2 Esnnak . enAeBldEdlenaH bCaCn
es[m nigyYn ecHEtekIneLIgCalMdab. enAqaM 1875 KW enAeBlEdl:raMg
Quelques aspects du processus de

modernisation
mkKbKgsukExr :n 13 qaM bCaCnExr manEt 1 lan mYyEsn nak
bueNaH. enH ebIeyag eTAtamksar rbs elak eGECn GmUej. buEn BI
karEbkay beTskmCaoeTACabeTsmYy sm&yTMenIb Cakickar
d*Bi:k. :raMgEdlCaGkdwknaMkickarenH taMgBIqaM 1888 mk sitenAcMeBaH

muxkatBVkicBIr pyBIKa ? NamYy tUvEkEbreb[bKbKgbeTs TaMgEpk
rd:l TaMgEpkesdkic nig hirJvt NamYy tUvrkSareb[brsenA TMen[m
TmabbBNIrbsExr . mageT[t muneBlEdl:raMgmkdlsukExr GVI>
swgEt:kEbkexcxI GseTAehIy eBaHEtsg<amkgsuk nig karQanBan

BIbeTsCitxag Gsry;eBl :MryqaM kngmk . rI TwkdIvij k*:tbg
ecInNasEdr . enACMnan esc Gg< dYg (1841-1860) RbeTs kmCa
:nZakcuHdundabyagxaMg . CnCaticin rksIuekgbv&JExr edaytGasUr.

eBlenaH ExreyIgecjcUl smuTEpkGaeKytam Tenemkugmin:neTAeT[t
eBaHyYntYtta biTckenH GsKanslkEngNaeT . enAqaM 1849 suk
tUvratt|atedayCmWebs
TwkdI:PM TaMg nig PMeBj . enAcMeBaHmux sanPaBbkbedayeKaHzakenH

cMnYn mindl mYylan nak pg ebI eyagtamksar:raMgxH. buEntamk
TidPaB xH> n GPikmTMenIbkm
Exr
:za ykext eBaZsat kMBugsVay dug< sm|N( kecH nig t|gXM .
Edl:nbNalo
mnusSsab
bmaN
:MrynakkgmYyz> . edayeBaHEtmUlehtuTaMgLayenH beTsCitxag

135
qaM 1875 mkdlqaM 1955 KW enAkgry;eBl 90 qaM Edl :raMg tYtta
CYyer[bcMsuk bCaCnExr :nekIn mYyCabYn KW :nQan dl 4 lan 6

Esnnak enAqaM 1957 .
kickar EkTmg Edl:raMg :nbgMoExreZVI edIm|IQaneTArk PaB
sm&yTMenIb cabepImBI karTarBndar nig karvayrMlMGVI Edl:raMgcatTukza

Ca TasPaB nig CaGMeBIBukrlYy rbsmnIraCkar. bCaCnExr:necjput
bnicmg> BI rbbskiPUmi buEn BnGakr ZnZreBk CaehtubNal oman

TMnas rvag bCaCn nwgrd:l:raMg. :raMgcUlcit ebICnCaticin oer[b
cMbNajesdkic. BYkeKeLIgcag ehIyman siTiCagExr CamassukeTA
eT[t. bnicmg> CnCaticinenAsukExr kab esdkic Exr yagENn ehIy
bnicmg> ksikrExr CMBak:kcinrkedaHxnminrYc . sUvmYyzaMg tUvsg

vijBIrzaMg. cineZVIBaNiCkm plitplsUv TaMgGs . buEn ebIeKcgeZVI
karKabsg,teTAelIQjcin k*kanEtBi:keTAeT[t. enACMnan qaM 1950

136
bJvnExrmak :nktsMKalza ; c:c k cin el[nGNatExr . dUecH
ksikrExr manckEtmYyKt KWlkdIEscMkarEtmg ehIyrteTArksIu bnic

bncenAtamTIkug. tamkarBiteTA GPikmTMenIbkmbeTskmCa k*CakarnaM
oman TMnas rvag vb|Zm( nwg vb|Zm( Edr . :raMgylza reb[brsenA

rbsExrecInEtmanlkN;pyBIkitkm n karrIkceRmIn . ExrecIn Kit
GIV> eTAtam menaseJtna KW niymkarGaNitGasUrCageKalkarNc|ab.
ehtudUecHehIy :nCa eKEtgEttjEtrza
yljati Xatc|ab
. Exr
CaGkEdlcUlcitykGasaKa. buEnkwtkm esdkicesrIniym Edl:raMg
:nnaMmk Ca kwtkm naMeTArk karrIkcMerIn k*BitEmnEt k* :scakmena

seJtna nig kareyaKylpgEdr . ExrBi:kTaMTNas . eTaHCayag
NakI enACMnanhg sIusuvti Exr:nrkSaTwkdI EpkxageCIg rbsxn :n
KgvgdEdlvij edaysar:raMg . CIvPaBbCaCneTaHbImin:nZUrZar k*kan
EtmanlkN;TMenIbEdr KW maneBTBa:leraK mansalaer[n zVIebI BMuman

KbKank*eday. taMgBIeBlenaHmk ExreyIgtUvsitenA rvag elakTsSn;
BIr? mYy tamEbbbTmenaseJtnaniym EdlCareb[bExr ehIymYyeT[t
KW kareKarBc|ab eKarB sNabZabzI EdlZanakarrIkcMerIn eTAtam dMeNIr
BiPBelaksm&yTMenIb. taMgBIeBlenaHmk sg<mExrcabepIm mankarEbg

Eckc|as rvag GkrsenA tamEbbbBNIExrsuTsaZ nwg GkEdlrsenA
tamreb[b:raMg. KW GkcugekayenHehIy Edlekaymk :nkayeTACa

bJvn. GkmanZUrZar BmTaMgraCvgSanuvgS nigmnItUcZM bJnkUnoeTA
er[n sala:raMg . enAtamCnbT kumar nig yuvCn eTAer[nenAsalavt .
GkEscMkar Edlcg okUn manGnaKtl k* daccit bJnkUnoeTAer[n

sala:raMg enATIkugEdr eTaHCatUvlk dIEs k*eday .
137
sPaBkarN beTs kmCa

enAkgrCkal hg munIvgS
La situation du Cambodge
sous le rgne de Monivong
enAkgraCBH:TsIusuvti munIvgS manBwtikarNsMxanBIr EdleZVIo
bvtiviTU cabGarmNCageK. BwtikarN TI 1 KWes[mQanBanTwkdIExr sa

CazIeT[t . BwtikarNmYyeT[t KWkarts)Urbs bJvnExr edj:raMgecjBI
suk. enAqaM 1940 eq[tOkas:raMgcajsg<amenAGWrub kgT&BCbun :n
cUlmkkgtMbnGasIuGaeKy. beTses[m EdlenAeBlenaH eTIbnwg:nbr
eQaH mkCa beTsz :neq[tykeBl:raMg cuHTnexSay edIm|Ivayyk

TwkdIExr mgeT[t . eTaHbI:raMgmanEt kgvresnatUc:MbueNaHenAelITwkdI
ExrkI k*:raMg:neZVIkarTblyagsVitsVajEdr . kgT&Bz cUlmkkg TwkdI
Exr:nEt 100 Km bueNaH . z :nbJnkgT&B tamsmuTeT[t buEn
:raMg:nkMeTcnavacm|aMgz GsKansl . zVIebI z TTYlbraC&ykI k*Cbun

:nCYyz ovayykExRt:tdMbg niges[mrab rbsExrvij:nEdr. Tnwm
enaH TwkdIExrEdlsitenA etIyxaglicTen emkug :nZakeTAkgkNab
des[m.
Cbun
:neZVIkarKabsg,t
eTAelItmesnIy:raMg
sg
dWKU
(Jean Decoux) o cuuHhtelxa eTAelIsnisJamYycuH z 9 sPaqaM
1941 . tamry;snisJaenaH :raMg:neZVI sm|TansMxan> eTAoCbun.

sUmbJakza BwtikarNenH ekItmaneLIg enAcugraC BH:TmunIvgS nig
munkareLIgRKgraC n BH:T neratm sIhnu bnic .
138
enAqaM 1936 KW :MqaMmuneBlEdlBH:T sIusuvti munIvgS cUl
munIvgS enHEdr
enAbeTsev[tNam
bkSkumynisNcin :ncabbdi
CIvg<t beTskmCa :nCYbbTH nwg BwtikarNmYyeT[t KW karkekIteLIg
snieLIg ekamkar dwknaM rbs hU CI mij. CnCatiExrmak eQaH sWg guk
n Rkum bJvnGkeshaCatimYykum Edlbnevn BIGacarsVa eBaZikMe:r
mij k*Ca sma Cik bkSkumuynisNcinenaHEdr. ekaymk sWg guk mij
sisSviTa l&ysIusuvti naMKaeZVIkUdkm bqaMg nwg :raMg eBaH :raMg:n
man dUecHvij . eRkaymkeT[t clnasSr;Exr manecInkum Edlman
Gkts)Uedj:raMg nstvtS TI 19. enA z 5 sPaqaM 1936 enaH
:nkayeTACaGkdwknaM clnasSr;ExrmYykumehIymaneQaHza Gacar
tmUvosisS elIsBIGayu 20 qaMeLIgeTA bgBndar. BwtikarN mYy
eKaledAxus>Ka. clnasSr; rbs elak sWn guk zaj Edlman
karbeg,ItkaEst CaPasaExrmYyeQaH nKrvt . KWCa kaEst PasaExrmun
mk bqaMg nwg yYn kumyniseT[tpg . clnasSr; rbs GkGg<mas
:raMg. mun kaEst nKrvt enH ExrmanTsSnavdI GkSrsasbI KW ? kmCa
raCaniymCaBiess karBar ExSraCvgS neratm . mtixHylza c&nrgSI cg
eT[t EdlbJak BIkarvivtn n skmPaB rbsbJvnExr enAeBlenaH KW
dMbUgbgs Edl:nkayeTACamUldanmYy d*sMxan n karts)UbqaMg nwg
suriya, ratI zesAr nig sukExr . kaEst nKrvt Edl:ntUvbeg,It
eLIgenA Ex Z qaM 1936 eday elak swn guk zaj nig elak :c QWn
eQaHza clna ExresrI mintwmEtbqaMg nwg :raMgbueNaHeT KWekay
neratm c&nrgSI k* Ca clnabqaMg nwg :raMgEdr buEn CaGkkarBar rbb

eLIgKgraC . karBit GkGg<masGg<enH EdlCabuRt rbs RBHGg<mas
cnelxa (RBHraCbuRt rbs RBH:Tneratm) RKanEtCaemsSr;mak tMNag
manTiBld*ZM eTAelIbCaCnExr eBaHCakaEst EdlsresrCaPasaExr.
raCvgS neratm EdleZIVkarts)URbqaMg nwg:raMgbueNaH . buEn eBlRtLb
elakza karts)U:neZVIdMbUgeLIg tampvsarBt(man . elak b)un canmul
eTAdakKukEtmg edayRtUvecaT Rbkanza CaCnk|tcgvayrMlMRBHGg< . Gk
elak b)un can mul :nktsMKalenAkges[vePA Kukneya:y rbs
EdlenA qaM 1942 :n tUv:raMgcab ykeTAdakKuk enA ekaHtLac :n

bJakza ? ekA BIelak sWn guk zaj nig elak :c QWn GkEdl:n
cUlrYm beg,ItkaEstenH manCaGaT elak nYn b)ut (masbNaKar b)ut nag)

elak G)uk esn, elak s)un van, elak b)U h)g, elak CMu mYg, elakRKU
Gacar Ehm ec{v nig elak nYn DYg. GkEdl:nCYy eCamECg kaEst
enHmakeT[t KWelakecAkmsaladMbUg suwm va. bJaneya:y EdlecaT

eLIgenAeBlenaH KWkarEdl:raMg dakoCnCatiev[tNamtYttaExr Caehtu
eZVIoExr man kareTamnsS yagxaMg . enAqaM 1930 enAkgrCkalhg

139
mkBIsnisITTIRkughSWENv (qaM 1954) RsabEtRtUvRBHmhakSRt cabyk

RsavRCavRbvtisaRsExr :nGZib|ayer]genH yagek|aHk|ay
(Ros Chan-
traboth : La Rpublique khmre, Editions LHarmattan, Paris,1993, p.

87; Khing Hoc Dy : Ecrivains et expressions littraires du Cambodge
au XX me sicle, LHarmattan, Paris, 1993, p. 78 ) .
rCkal hgmunIvgS (1927-1941) Casm&ykalmYy Edl:raMgxitxM
bwgEbgCYy ovb|Zm(Exr rIkceRmIneLIgvij . Gk:C\:raMg elaksI s)uy

san kareBIeLs
(Suzanne Kapels) :nbeg,Itkariyal&y savCavGkSr
sasExrmYyenAqaM 1927 ehIy:ncabe:HBumpSayTsSnavdI kmCa suriya
BIeBlenaHmk. elaksI s)uysan CabJvn:raMgmakEdlbqaMg nwg GaNa

140
niKmniym:raMg. mkdl qaM 1930 kariyal&yenaH maneQaHCapvkar za
cMnYn tamesckIesIsMu BI eTsaPi:l :raMg bUl DUEmr
(Paul Doumer) . enA
viCasanBuTsasnbNit . bJv&n:raMg EdlxitxMkarBarvb|Zm(Exr manecIn
kgvis&y rd:l BHGg< :nEbgEck nig kMNtGMNac BmTaMgsmtkic
:nbeg,It salarcna . enAkgvis&y rd:l edIm|IBgwgkarKbKg tam
buEnenAcenaHqaM 1902-1908 XMu enAEtKanGtiPaBdEdl. TalEtcabBI z 5
eT[t dUcCaelak y&k kUel
(George Groslier) CaedIm EdlenAqaM 1920
reb[bsm&yTMenIb :raMg:nbeg,It
mk enAqaM 1917
salaRkmkar
salakmkar
mYyenAqaM 1914. ekay
enH :nkayeTACa
salard:l
Exr.
TnwmenaH eKk*eZVIkarEkTmg rcnasm&n BuTsasnaEdr edaybeg,It sala
:lICanxs enAz 15 kum;qaM 1915. tamkarBit enHk*Ca viZankar mYyEdr

sRmabkMuoBHsg eTAsikSaenATIkug:gkk bnab BI:ndMNwgza muneBl
suKt :txnenAqaM 1904 BHGg<masyuKnr :ner[bcMKeRmagkarbqaMg nwig
:raMg CamYyBHsg BIr_bI Gg< enAsukes[m .
kareZVITMenIbkm
hgsIusuvti nig
enAkgraChgneratm
hgmunIvgS
La modernisation du Cambodge
sous les rgnes de Norodom et Sisowath
eK
enAqaM 1866 edayman karpcepImKMnit BI ersIudg:raMg DUda dW La
(Doudart de Lagre) BH:T neratm :nbrraCZanIBI dug< mkPMeBj .
buEnTalEtmkdlqaM 1897 eTIb:raMgcabepImeZVIkarEkTmgsMxan>:n. kar

er[bcMmuxmatzI n beTskmCa tamBHraCkit cuHz 11 kk,da qaM1897
:nCYb nwg bsK<ecInNas . BH:T neratm :ncatviZankar ZM> mYy
141
epSg> eTAtamTsSnaTan :raMg. enAqaM 1901 :raMg :nsakl|gbeg,ItXMu
mizunaqaM 1908 eTA enAkgraC hgsIusuvti eTIbkarer[bcMXMu:ncabepIm eday

GnuelameTAtamBHraCkwtmYy EdllubtYnaTIecAhVaysukecal . eKaledA
n karbegItXMu KWedIm|IsRmYldl karTarBndarpg ehIy beg,It zvikard Et
mYy o:nc|aslaspg. TnwmenaH rbbTasPaB k*:ntUv lubbM:tecal

Edr. GkbeRmI rbs escEdlenAqaM 1890 mancMnYn dleTA R:MBIrBan:M
rynak (7500) enAkgenaH man TasaTasI 500 nak k*:ntUv:raMgkat

bnyEdr. enAkgEpnkarEbkayraCZanIPMeBj oeTACaTIkugTMenIbmYy CamC
mNlneya:y rd:l nigesdkic o:nsmrm :raMg :nCIkEBkmYy

bEvg Cag 3 K. m. enAkNalTIkug edIm|IykdI eTAcak bMeBj zk bwgbY pg
ehIy edIm|IoTUkecjcUl dwkTMnij sBVsareBI :nsYlpg. KW enAsm&y
enaHehIy EdleKcabsgpHz d*l> tamrcnabT :raMgxH tamTMngsabt
km ExrburaNxH dUcCaBHraCvaMg nig sarmnIr GalEb)r sarU
Sarrault) CaedIm
BHraCvaMg
:ntUv:raMgsagsg
(Muse Albert
taMgBIBakkNal
stvtSr TI 19 mk buEn TalEtmkdlqaM 1919 eTIb:nRtUvsemaZ. Qj

cinnaMKaer[bcMtaMghaglkdUr
eBagBat.
edIm|IsRmYldlkarTakTg
rvag
TIkugsayh,n nig TIkugPMeBj :raMg:n sagzlcakekAs)UmYybEvgCag

100 K. m. tPab TIkugTaMgBIrenH. rI pvzl PMeBj-kMBt-haeT[g Edl
cabepImsabnataMgBIqaM 1897 mk :n tUvGUsbnayrhUt dlqaM 1910
KW
Gsry;eBl 13 qaM eTIb:neZVIcb sBVKb. pvenH manbEvg 152 K. m..

142
kickarTaMgLayEdl:raMgeZIV enAeBlenaH KWmaneKaledAer[bcMlMh PUmisas
escEpndI. enAcenaHqaM 1884-1912 karEdl:raMg xitxMnaMrbbesdkic esrI
:nxitxMeZVIyagNa bJlbeTskmCa beTslav nig beTsev[tNam
eKpalenAkgtMbnNcin. karer[bcM rcnasm&nenH :nnaMmk nUv PaBcbUk
edIm|IQan eTAbeg,It
ExrTaMgGs. ExrPaKecInEdlZabrabGan jatimitCitqayykGasaKa eTAvij
neya:ymYy sRmab BgwgTiBl rbseK . taMgBI qaM 1887 mk :raMg

eTAkgkbx&NPUmisasneya:yenHEdleKehAza shPaBNcin :raMg
shB&nNcin
Etmg. edayeKminGackatpacbeTs
kmCa BIbeTses[m:n enAqaM 1932-1933 :raMg k*seRmcsagsg pv

reTHePIg tPabTIkugPMeBj nig GarJ enACitBMbTlz . ekABIpvKmnaKmn
CayuTsasenH :raMg :nsagsgpvCati mYycMnYneT[t dUcCa pvPMeBj-
:tdMbg PMeBj-taEkv PMeBj-kMBgsW CaedIm . Epnkar sagsg pvzl

epSg>eT[t tUvTukecal edaymUlehtu xVHzvika. KanEtpvTaMgenaH sagsg
niymenH mkdakenAsukExr KWeKmaneKalbMNg BgwgmUldanesdkic rbs
cbl nigbJasKsaj kElg. seRmcsRmYleTA breTskab esdkic
eTAmk mankarBi:kyagxaMg kgkarGnuvtn eKalkarN esdkicenH . :raMg
eKza enHmkEtBI ExrkanlTiBuTsasna. tamkarBit ExrkanBuTsasna k* Bit

Emn buEneK k*CaGkEdlmine:Hbg
beyaCn elakIysc;ecal NaEdr .
enAtamEscm,ar eRkABIBuTsasna eKeC]GarkGkta EdlKanbB&n TsSnviCa

GVI eCACH. eTaHCayagNakI karGnuvtn eKalkarNc|ab tamEbbEpn lTi
ehIyPam kumh)undwkCJncin k*ekIteLIg eBagBatPamEdr . enAqaM 1918
mUlZnniym Edl:raMg:nnaMcUlmkenH manGMeNaypl CaBiess sRmab
rIkceRmIn. enAkgkbx&Nnneya:yTMenIbkmenH TnwmnwgkarTarBndar yag
eT[t. kalBIeBlmun ExrZabmanescCaGkKbKgTwkdI . escoGVI k*ecHEt
dUcenAsukyYneT Kw manEtmnIreBTBIrbueNaH. enAkgvis&yyutiZm( TalEt
GacykeTA
rzynQlsRmabdwkGkdMeNIr mancMnYn15 . skmPaBesdkic k* cabepIm

snwksnab :raMg k*elIkkms CIvPaBbCaCnEdr buEn minsUvxaMgkabunan
mkdl qaM1922 eTIb GMNactulakar tUvkatpacecjBI GMNacrd:l.
taMgBIeBlenaHmk ecAhVayExRt tUvbKlkarkatkI eTAotulakarEdlsit
Gk EdleCaKCaM eTAeday TsSnviCakugCW
(confucius) BmTaMgsasnaepSg>
ykeTAehIy escykGVIeTAvij k*mintvaGVIEdr . dIEs EdlescbTano min

lkdUr
beg,ItpleTenaH.
:neT
KWtUvbKleTAoescvij
ebImasdIEs
sabbBn_kUn
ebIminBmykeTAbg,
EdlCaGkTTYlmt(kGs
eJlKWebIKanGkTTYl mt(keTenaH escykdIenaHeTAvij. enAkgkbx&N n
enAekamGMNac rbs ecAkm:raMgmak . edIm|IsRmYlkickarenAkgvis&y enH
karbNaMgbECg tamEbbbT nc|ab:raMg Exrrttamcin minTaneT . ExrCa
c|abBhTNCaedIm. es[vePATaMgenH:ntUve:HBumpSayCaelIk dMbUgbgs
buNTan k*cinoxIEdr EttUvsgvij mYyzaMg Ca BIrzaMgsUv . enATIbMput Gk
GkkeTs :ncgkges[vePAc|ab nigbTbJtiepSg> dUcCac|ab rdb|evNI

enAqaM
1912
karEkTmg
Edl:raMg:neZVIenAkgraC
hgneratm
nig
sIusuvti manecInNas buEnkarEkTmgEdlsMxanCageK KW karbeg,It kmsiTi
kCn . enHCaer]gmYyzI cMeBaHExr EdlZabEtylza dIZI CakmsiTi rbs

143
plitkr rI cin CaGklkdUrplitpl . Exr cg:n:kbunan ykeTAeZVI
Escm,ar lkkmsiTi rbseKGs ehIyedIrpSgeBgtamTIkug. dUecHeXIjza

tamry;karEkTmgenH GkTTYlpll KWmanEt:raMg nig cinbueNaH. CnCati
cin enAsukExr mantaMgBI stvtSr TI 13 mk buEn enA qaM 1874 kanEt
144
mancMnYnecInEzmeT[t KW 10 PaKry ncMnYn bCaCnExrTUTaMgbeTs. taMg
BIBakkNalstvtSrTI 19 mk CnCaticin enAkmCa kabvis&y BaNiCkm

vis&ydwkCJnswgEtTaMgGs rYmbJlTaMg sib|ikmTIkug pgeT[t . enAkg
vis&yGbrM nig sikSaZikar munqaM 1927 ExreyIg er[nsUttamsalavt buEn
cabtaMg BIqaMenaHmk salavtTaMgenaH :ntUvEkTmg er[bcMxn edIm|I e:H

CMhaneqaHeTArkPaBsm&yTMenIb.
rIviTal&ysIusuvti
KWWsRmabEt
kareLIgesayraC elIkTI1
enA qaM1941 n BH:T neratm sIhnu
Premier rgne du roi Norodom Sihanouk

(1941)
kUnmnI
:raMg nigmRnIExrbueNaH. TalEtmkdlsm&y sg<mrasniym rbs semc

neratm sIhnu eTIbGnuviTal&y nig viTal&y cabepImman enAtamExRt .
enAqaM 1940 kgT&B Cbun :ncUlmktaMgTI enAkg PUmiPaKGaeKy n
TVIbGasIu. beTsz EdlenAeBlenaH sitenAekam TiBl rbs Cbun :n
eq[tyksankarNenH edIm|IEGbCbunvayykTwkdIExrmgeT[t. buEn edaymin

:nseRmceKalbMNg eBaHEt:raMg :nkMeTcnavacm|aMgzGs Cbun k*edIrtY
CaGaC\akNalvij. buEnekaymkeT[t Cbun:nykTwkdIExrmYyEpk eTAoz
KW TwkdIEdl:raMg :nykmkoExrvij kalBIqaM 1907 . Cbun minh)anbH
Baldl TIkuges[mrab nig burIGg<reT KWrkSaTukoExrdEdl. hgmunIvgS man

karGssgwmyagxaMg ehIy k*cUlCIvg<t enAz 23 emsa qaM 1941 .
kStEdltUvsgraCenAeBlenaH
manyagehacNas
k*
BIrGg<Edr
KWBHGg<mas sIusuvti munIert butc|g rbsBH:TmunIvgS nig BHGg<mas
sIusuvti yutivgS EdlCabuteBA rbsBHGg<mascMerInvgS (EdlCaExSBH:T

Gg<eGg) nig GkGg<maskStI sIusuvti yuBIpan .
buEn eday c|abbnraC
:ntUvkMNtyk cabtaMgtwmBI ExSBHraCvgSBH:T Gg< DYg eKBMurabbJl

BHGg<masyutivgS pgeT . enAcMeBaHmux bJa d* sKsajenH tmnavI:raMg
sg dWKU
(Jean Decoux) yleXIjza edIm|I ec[svag TMnas rvag BHraCvgS
sIusuvti nigBHraCvgS neratm eKtUv eCiiserIsyk kStGg<Na EdlCabExS
B;raCvgSTaMgBIrEtmg. edayGnuvt eTAtamTwsIenH tmnavI dWKU k*dakBH
145
146
Gg<mas neratm sIhnu oeLIgKgraC bnBIhg munIvgS. BH:T neratm
rbs esnabmuxebtaMg
(Ptain) tUvkgT&B hIuEtr cUlQanBanTwkdI. rI
sIhnu enAeBlenaH manBHCn 19 BHvsSa. BHGg< kMBugEtbMeBjviCa enA
beTskmCavij k*sitenAcMeBaHmux karKMramkMEhg BIsMNakbeTs z nigBI
(Chasseloup Laubat) enA TIkugsayh,n . BH
kgT&BCbunEdr. clnabJvnExr bqaMgnwig:raMg ekamkardwknaMrbs sWn guk
kStIsIusuvti kusm; EdlCabutI rbs hgsIusuvti munIvgS CamYy nig BH
20 kk,daqaM 1942 ekam kardwknaM rbssWngukzaj mha:tukmbqaMg nwg
viTal&y sasSWlU L:t*
:Tneratm sIhnu Cabut rbsBHGg<mas neratm suramwt nig BHGg<mas
Gg<maskStI kanviman nrlkNeTvI (butI rbs BHGg<mas neratm hasS

kan) . BHGg<mas neratm hasSkan CaBHraCbut rbs BH:T neratm .
rIBHGg<mas neratm suramit Cabut rbs BHGg<mas sutart EdlCa

BHraCbut rbs BH:TneratmEdr. tamkaryleXIj rbs GkviPaKxH kar
Edl:raMg :nseRmceCIserIsykBHGg<mas neratm sIhnu KWmkBI :raMg

cgpasevn BIBHraCvgS sIusuvti mkBHraCvgS neratm vijmg edIm|Ilub
bM:tGnusSavrIyGakk
TakTg
nwig
BHGg<masyuKnr.
tambPBxHeT[t
BHGg<mas neratm sIhnu Gac nwgmanyuTsasTnPn CamYy:raMg Cag
zaj sgwmza Cbun GacCa bEgkmYy kgkarts)U rbseK eT[tpg . enAz

:raMgmYy :npHeLIgenA kNalTIkugPMeBj. BHsgCaecInGg< :ncUl
rYm. :tukrmYycMnYn dUcCaGacar Ehm ec[v elak :c QWn elak b)un

canmul CaedIm :ntUv:raMg cabykeTAdakKuk enAekaHtLac. rI elak
sWn guk zaj elak :neKcrYcputBIkarcabxn ehIyrteP[sxneTAdl TIkug
tUk beTsCbun.
enAz 6 mizuna qaM 1944 beTs:raMg cabepImrMedaHxnecj BI
rbbhIuEtr ehIyenAz 24 sIha qaMdEdlenaH tmesnIy dW eh<al
(le
gnral De Gaulle) nig Gkts)U:raMg :ndeNImyk TIkug:rIs BIGalWmg
BHGg<mas sIusuvti munIert . karBit BHGg<mas neratm sIhnu man
:nmkvij. enAExkum; qaM 1945 ynehaH sm&nmitbqaMg nwghIuEtr KW :raMg
bkbeTAedayeKaHzakkI. enAkgTsvtS 1940enaH BH:T neratm sIhnuu
T&BCbun. buEnenA z 9 mina qaMdEdl Cbun :nvayTIitaMg:raMg enAkmCa
lkN;BiessmYy
KW
BHGg<ecHsmbtamsankarN
eTaHbICariyabT
tUvbQmmux nwig clnaTamTarkraC rbs bJvnExr dwknaMeday sWn guk
nig GaemrikaMg :nTmakKabEbk eTAelITIkugPMeBj edIm|IkMeTc TitaMg kg
:nvij ehIyenAz12 mina CMrujo BHmhakStExr bkaskraC bJb
zaj ehIybnabmkeT[t tUvTbTlnwg KNbkSbCaZibety CaBiess nwg
GaNaBa:l:raMgenAsukExr. kgT&BCbun dwknaMeday tmesnIy tUsU
d*viessvisal.
CaesdIcinmakmanTiBlenAsukExr BMuBmTTYlParkicenHeT. enATIbMput tm
BHGg<massIusuvti yutivgS Edl:ntUveKcatTukza CabJvn mak d*eqIm nig

BHGg<masyutivgS
mintwmEtmansJab&tbNitrd
xag
rUbviTa nsklviTal&y:raMgbueNaHeT KWEzmTaMgmanbTBiesaZn neya:y

pgeT[t. enAeBlEdlBHGg<mas neratm sIhnu eLIgKgraC beTskmCa
sitenAkgsanPaBmYy d*sKsaj . kalenaH beTs:raMg ekamkardwknaM
147
(Tojo) :nesIoelak tan : eZVIbmuxrdaPi:lExr . elak tan : Edl

esnIyCbun k*EtgtaMg elak Guwg hIu CanaykrdmnI. KNrdmnI Edlcat
taMgenAz 9 mina qaM 1945 enaH man elak Ta san Ca GkTTYlbnk

xagPsPar elak mas Nal xagGbrMCati elak can Nak ksYgyutiZm(
148
BHGg<mas neratm mugtaNa TTYlbnkxagesdkic elak s)um h)ag ksYg
enAeBlEdlBH:T neratm sIhnu :ntUvGPieskCaBHmhakSt
mhap . enAz 16 emsa elak Ebn nut tUvEtgtaMgCa GnurdmnIhirJvt
n beTskmCa - KW enAz 28 tulaqaM 1941 - BHGg<manBHCn 19 BH
edayman elak :k:eB}g Ca GZikarhirJvt bEnmeT[t . BHmhakSt
vsSa. kalBHGg<enACaBHraCkumar BHraCehara rbshg munIvgS :nTsSn
Edr. buEnsabEtenA z 6 mizuna elak sWn guk zaj EdleTIbnwg vil
tUvbyuT nwgstUv d*Kak>edayeKcBMuput. TMnayenH k*BMuxusbunanEdr eBaH
Exr BH:Tneratm sIhnu k*:ntUvbgMcit dwknaM Gg<bCMukumbwkSardmnI enH
tLbmk BI beTsCbun :ntUvEtgtaMg Ca rdmnI karbreTs. bnabmk

enAz 10 sIhaqaM 1945 dEdlenaH elak sWn guk zaj:ntUvEtgtaMg
CardmnI TI 1 Etmg. smaCik KNrdmnI Edl:ntUvcattaMg enAz 14

sIha KW 4 z ekaymk manCaGaT ? BHGg<mas neratm mugtaNa rdmnI
ksikm elak s)um h)ag rdmnImhap elak :c QWn rdmnIPsPar elak
Tayza BHGg< nwg kanmuxtMENgmYy d*ZM kgBHraCaNack buEnBHGg<

za bnabBI:nbyuT nwg KUbECg BHGg< tUvbyuT nwig stUvEdlman #Ti
GMNac xaMgkaGsarEzmeT[t. enAqaM 1949 enAeBlEdl KNbkSbCaZib

ety :n:tbgGkdwknaMsMxan> rbseKswgEtGs BH:Tneratm sIhnu
cabepImTTYlC&yCMnH CabnbnabenAkgqakneya:y kgbeTs . KWC&yCMnH

enHehIy Edl:nkMNt eCaKvasna rbs beTs kmCa Cag 20 qaMekay
va kaEml xagZmkar elak BITU dW mugetrU xagyutiZm( elak Xwm Twt xag
mk k* rhUt mkdlsBVzenHpg
eRkaymk Cbun RbkascuHcajsRg<am ehIy:raMg k* vilmk Ncinvij .
Casm&y ruger]g EdlbCaksikr rsenA kgsuxsniPaB ehIyman CIvPaB
elak sWn guk zaj ykeTAdakKuk enARbeTs:raMg .
mYy :ne:kbkvkvI eTAelI
karBarRbeTs elak juwk CULug esdkic elak Ebn nut hirJvt . mYyz
enA z 15 tula tmesnIy :raMg LWEkr mkdlTIRkugPMeBj ehIy cab
eqaHeTArk karTamTar kraC nig

karkekIteLIg n KNbkSbCaZibety
Vers lIndpendance nationale et

la cration du Parti dmocrate
k*Gacza:n .
BIeBl:nkraC enAqaM 1953 mkdl qaM 1968 bvtiviTUxH ylza
minsUv CayabyuWnbunan. cMeJHmtixHeT[t KWCa sm&y EdlmhaBHsgra

nava kMsttUcmYy EdlGENttEsteTAtam
rlk d*ZMmhima n mhasaKr . tamkarBiteTA vasna rbs beTskmCa

k*dUcCa vasna rbs GkdwknaMExr enAeBlenaHEdr BuMGackatpacecj BIkar
bTajbTg BIkarvivaT rvag beTsmhaGMNac:neT KWza ebIcUleTAkgZg
mhaGMNacNamYy nwg tUvmageT[t vaysMEbtdUcEtKa . x\M nwgniyay er[b

rab GMBI karbECgkmaMgKaenH CabnbnabmkeT[t.
rCkal BH:T neratm
sIuhnu manCaecIndMMNakkar . dMMNakkarEdl :raMgviltLb mkkmCavij

GaccatTukza CadMNakkarTI 2. edIm|IsYlyl GMBI dMNakkarTI 2 enH x\M
sUmbJakza cabtaMg BIqaM 1948 eTA BH:T neratm sIuhnu tUvbyuT nwg
149
150
KUbECgpg nwig KUstUvpg . eBlxHKUbECg kayeTACaKUstUv ehIystUv
BH:T neratm sIuhnu :nEtgtaMg BHGg<mas sIusuvti munIert CaBHbitula
Ckekanekammb:rmI rbsBHGg< ehIyxHeT[t:tbgTBsm|ti
saCazIeT[t
kayeTACasm&nmit . KUbECgxH :n:tbgCIvit enAkgvirPaB xHeT[tsuxcit
kitiys
GsKansl. enA kgry;eBlCagknH stvtSr kngmkenH ekamkardwknaM
rbs BH:Tneratm sIuhnu k* dUcCa rbs tYGg< neya:y nanaeT[tEdr
beTskmCa :nbyuT TamTarkraC yagsVitsVaj ehIyekaymkeT[t

tUvbeTs mhaykSnana bTajbTg edaytGasUr . eyageTAtammtixH
esaknad kmrbsExr Kw bNalmkBI karEdlRbeTs mhaykS TaMgLay

enaH :nyktMbn Ncin TaMgmUl eZVICalanbyuT deNImTiBlKaEtmg .
oeZVICanaykrdmnI ehIy bn karksag vasna beTskmCa CamYy :raMg

buEn
edayQrenAelI
mUldanmYyzI
EdleKehA
za
Modus
Vivendi KW kicsnamYy CabeNaHGasn EdlExr nig :raMg tUvGtOnoKa

eTAvijeTAmksin TRmaMMrk dMeNaHsay. enAqaMbnabmk KW enAz 7 mkra qaM
1946 GktMNag xagExr nig:raMg :ncuHhtelxa eTAelI kicsnabeNaH
GasnenaH. rdaPi:l EdldwknaMeday BHGg<mas munIert enAeBlenaH man
smasPaB dUcteTA ? BHGg<mas sIusuvti munIBgS TTYlbnkxagGbrMCati
nig kickarekAbeTs elak jwk CULg xaghirJvt / elak s)um h)ag
rI beTskmCa k*eZVIkarTamTarkraC rbsxn enAeBlBHsgraenaHEdr Kw
Zmkar nig vicitsil|; elak Xwm Tit EdlCaGtItrdmnIkarJrbeTs
enAeBlmYy EdlenAkgBiPBelakTaMgmUl beTs EdltUveKeZVI GaNaniKm
rbs elak sWg guk zaj ehIy Edlekaymk :ntam tmesnIy LWEkr
TidPaBxH> n karts)U d* sMebImGsarenH EdlmanlkN; d* sKsaj
kar. elak can Nak kanxagyutiZm( ehIy elak va kaEml TTYlbnkxag
:nnaMKaegIbeLIgbqaMg nwg BYkGaNaniKmniym . teTAenH x\MsUmCUn nUv
eJHEt vrCnExrGkeshaCati :nkMNtyuTsaRs nig :neCIserIs yk

menaKmviCa nig bEgkxus> BIKa . enAz TI 6 nig TI 9 sIhaqaM 1945
bnabBI shrd Gaemrik :nTmakKabEbkbrmaNU eTAelI eG[rUsIuma nig

NakasaKI Kw 4 qaM ekayesaknadkm enA Jl hab&r / kgT&BCbun tUv
dkzy ecjBI tMbnEdleK:nsakl|gkankab . :raMg k*:nvilmk N
cinvij. enAz TI 15 tula qaMdEdl tmesnIy:raMg LwEkr
(Leclerc)
:nbJaocab elak sWn gukzaj ehIy bJneTAdak BnnaKar enA beTs
:raMg. BH:T neratm sIuhnu Edl:neTAsagBHps enA vt bTumvtI :n

tUv:raMgmkTTYl yagtLbeTABHbrmraCvaMgvij. bnabBI:nCYbsnna Ca
mYy sgkar TI 1 n saZarN;rd :raMg KW vresnIyk h)uyGad*
151
(Huard)
taMgBI TIkugsayh,nmk :ntUvEtgtaMgCa rdmnIsuxaPi:l nig saZarN

esdkic
ecjBI:raMg
enAeBlEdlbeTsev{tNam
tampvGavuZ
edaymankarKaMT
byuTts)U
rMedaHRbeTsrbseK
BIclnakumynIsGnrCati
nig
BIRbeTskumynis Cabnbnab beTskmCa :nxitxMbwgEbg eZVIkarts)U Tam
TarkraC rbsxn yagskmNasEdr buEn edaymeZa:y palxn suT

saZ. enAxN;enaH enAbeTs:raMg bJvnExrmYycMnYn ekamkardwknaM rbs
BHGg<masyutivgS k* naMKaKitKUryagxaMg BI bJakraCenHEdr. bJvnEdl

eK:ns<aleQaHCageK enAeBlenaH manCaGaT elak Qan vm
G)uk
elak zun
elak gin kaert. bJvn TaMgenH nwgedIrtYnaTImYy d*sMxan enAkgqak
eya:yExr enAenaHqaM 1946-1949 CaBiess kgkarBgwgyuTsas rbs
KNbkSbCaZibety Edl:ncabbdisni enA kmCa enA Exmina qaM 1946.

152
sUmbJakza enAeBlekayenHbnic BHGg<masyutivgS :nyagtLbmk
Edl:raMg enAEtbnrkSasiTicatEcg neya:yekAbeTs/ TwkdIExr Epkxag
rab BI karkekIteLIg nig BIskmPaB rbs KNbkSenH enAeBlekayCa
:ntUvbKl mkoExrvij enAz 9 vicika qaM 1946 tamry;snisJa
karcuHhtelxa
eTAelI kicsna beNaHGasn rvag :raMg nig Exr enAz 7
mYyd*Bi:k eJHtUvqgkatkarvinic&y rbsGg<karGnrCati . KWenAqaM 1946
oman kare:HeqateCIstaMg smaCik sPaBieKaHmYy Edlman Parkicer[bcM
BIbeTsCitxag ehIykumxH Ca clna rMedaHTamTarkraC ExrBit:kd.
beTskmCavij edIm|ICYyBgwg CMhrKNbkSbCaZibty. x\Mnwgniyayer[b

bnbnab . buEnmun nwgQaneTAdl dMNakkar enaH x\MsUmbJak za bnabBI
mkra qaM 1946 beTskmCa :ner[bcMsab&n neya:yzImYy EdlebIk
rdZmnuJ. kare:Heqat :nbBitieTA enAz 1 kJa qaM 1946 ehIy KN

bkS bCaZibety :nTTYlC&yCMnH d*tcHtcg .
BI rbb raCaniym eTvraC
eTA rbb raCaniym Gas&y rdZmnuJ
Du DevarJa la monarchie constitutionnelle

bnabBI BH:T neratm sIhnu :nbkasTuk CaemaX; nUv esckI
bkaskraC naz 12 minaqaM 1945 - KW karbkaskraC EdlBHGg<
:neZVIekamkarKabsg,t rbs Cbun - :raMg:nbJnTIbwkSaCaecIn omk

CYycatEcger[bcMkargarenAkmCa EdleBlenaH manBHGg<mas munIert Ca
naykrdmnI . 10 Ex ekay karcuHhtelxa eTAelI kicsnaeyaKylKa
beNaHGasnsin
(Modus Vivendi) Edl:npl sV&yPaBpkg eTAoExr
buEn Edldak beTskmCa ositenAkgkbx&N n shPaBNcin ehIy
153
eCIg_Edles[m :nkatpacyk enAeBlEdlkgT&BCbun cUlmkratt|at _

sinRhVwnsIus,
(San Francisco) . sUmbJakza karcrcasIBI bJaenH Cakar
enaHehIy Edl clnaExrsSr; eZVIskmPaByagxaMg . kum xHmankarKaMT

kum sWg guk mij Ca clna ts)U ev{tmij. kumrbs dab QYn tUveK
ecaTbkanza Zabman TMnakTMngCamYyzpg CamYyGg<kar ev{tmijpg
enH
ebIeyag eTAtamkarbkRsay rbselak Ca suT. clna rbs GkGg<mas

neratm cnrgSI k* Caclnats)U edImI|kraCEdr Et k* maneKaledApalxn
rbs BHGg<Edr
eJH GkGg<mas neratm cnrgSI tUveKcatTukza CaKU
bECgmYyGg< d*sMxan rbs BHmhakSt BH:T neratm sIhnu . enAkg
kbx&N n karTamTarkraCtampvGavuZ kumsSr; TaMgenH k*man TiBl

ecInEdr kgkarKabsg,t eTAelI:raMg . eTaHbI eK karJrbeyaCn man
bEgkxusKakI k*enAeBlenaH eKeZVIskmPaB rYmKaEdr. ehtudUecHehIy :nCa

enAz 7 sIha qaM 1946 ExrsSr;bmaN bIry nak dwknaMeday dabQYn
pg eday sWg guk mij nwg eday GkGg<mas neratm cn rgSI pg :nvay
lukTIkuges[mrab nig burI Gg<r ykeZVICaTItaMg rbseK. buEn :nEtry;
eBl 6 zbueNaH. enAzTI 1 kJa qaM dEdlenaH kare:HeqateCIstaMg
sPaBieKaH :nbBwtieTA CaelIkdMbUgbgs enAkgbvtisasExr . bIExmun
BwtikarNenH GkGg<mas yutivgS :nviltLbmkkmCa ehIy :ntUv
eCistaMg Ca bZanKNbkSbCaZibety . sUmbJakza KNbkSbCa

154
Zibety Edl:ntUv begItenAExmina qaM 1946 man karcUlrYm BIsMNak
BHraCh#T&y CaTIbMput ehIy EtgEtsresIrCaer]y> GMBI reb[bBicarNa d*
vm elak eG[v kwH CaedIm . kare:Heqat sPaBieKaHnaz 1 kJa :npl
enAbeTs:raMg
kgcMeNamGasn;TaMg Gs 69.
:nbkasrMlayrdsPaecal x\MsUmniyay BI smasPaB nKN;rdmnI
bJvn CaecIn ehIy man GkdwknaM Kak> dUcCa elak sIum va elak Qan
eCaKC&y d*tcHtcgeTA oKNbkSbCaZibety Edlyk:n 50 Gasn;
bnabmk enA z 15 Z
GkGg<mas
yutivgS tUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmnI CMnYsBHGg<mas sIusuvti munIert .

eCaKC&y rbs KNbkS bCaZibety :neZVIo:raMg mankgVlyagxaMg.
TnwmenaH :raMg:nCMrujoBHGg<mas nrinedt begIt KNbkSneya:ymYy
KW KNbkS esrIPaB
(Parti libral) edIm|IcUlbkYYt kgkare:HeqatsPa .
enA z 6 sPa qaM 1947 rdZmnuJelIkdMbUgbgs n beTskmCa :n
mZ&t rbs BHGg<mas yutivgS Edl:nCabsJab&tbNitrd xagrUb viTa

.
mun
nwgQaneTAniyay
GMBI
karebIsiTienH
eday
BHmhakSt enAz 18 kJa qaM 1949 KW z EdlBH:T neratm sIhnu

rbs BHGg<mas yutivgS Edl:ntUvEtgtaMgenAz 15 Z qaM 1946 bn
mkeT[t. BHGg<masyutivgS:nEtgtaMgBHGg<mas suIsuvti v&DqayavgS

oeZVICardmnIksYgyutiZ(m.
elak
sun
vWns
kanxagksYgkarJrCati
elak sWn san kanxaghirJvtelak Ebn sMEGl esdkic elak Qan
vm GbrMCati elak :k sarin saZarNkar KmnaKmn nig suxaPi:l
tUvbkasoebI. KW enAzenaHehIy Edl beTskmCa :nbr BI rbbraCa
elak Ebn nut eTsrdmnITTYlbnkxag rd:lTIkugPMeBj elak h)uy
ZmnuJ z 6 sPa qaM 1947 manlkN;bhakbEhl nig rdZmnuJ
elxaZikar hirJvt elak GU QWn Zmkar nig vicitsil|; elak G)uc Zuc
niym
escCamasTwkmasdI mkCarbb raCaniym Gas&yrdZmnuJ. rd
saZarN;rdTI 4 :raMg eJHGMNacZakeTAkgkNabdsPaTaMgsug eJl
KWbB&nsPa 2
(systme du bicamrisme) rYmmanrdsPa nigBwTsPa Edl
maneQaHza kumbwkSaraCaNack. eTaHCayagenHkI eday KNbkSbCaZib

ety :nsankmaMg rbs BH:T neratm suIhnu nigkarvivtn mintUv eK k*
BuM:n cabGarmN eTAelImata 21 EdlkMNtza GMNacTaMgGs :nmk BI
BHmhakSt CaehtunaMo BHmhakStykmata 21 enaH eTAGnuvt enAeBl
ekaymkeT[t . tamkarBiteTA GkdwknaM KNbkS bCaZibety enAeBl

enaH manCMen]za BHmhakSt muxCaeZVIshkar edayCitsiT CaBMuxan eJH
eKseg,teXIjza BH:T neratm sIhnu TgGanGtbT rbs BHGg<mas
yutivgScuHpSaykgkaEst
GkbCaZibety
155
(Le dmocrate) edaysBV
knl rdelxaZikar xageXasnakar nigBt(man elak hak mug esg rd
xagPsPa. buEn KYroGkusl GkGg<mas yutivgS cUlCIvg<t enAz 11

kk,da qaM 1947 enAkgCnuayu 35 RBHvsSa .
vasna n KNbkS RbCaZibety

nig clna sSr; Exr
Le sort du Parti dmocrate et le Mouvement

Issarak Khmer
kare:HeqateCIstaMg sPa Edler[bcMenAz 21 ZqaM 1947 :n
plC&yCMnH
d*rnWsussay
eTAoKN;bkSbCaZibetyEdlyk:ndl
eTA 54 Gasn;. KN;bkS esrIPaB rbsBHGg<mas nrinedt Edl man

156
karKaMT BI :raMgyk:nEt 21 Gasn;bueNaH. rIKN;bkSnanaeT{t Edl
buEn yuvCn 5 nak :nrtrYc ehIyekaymk KW enAqaM 1946 :nkayeTA
(Rnovation) CaedImykEtmYyGasn; minTaMg:npg buEn :ntUvtaMg o
kStExr nig rdaPi:l elak sWn guk zaj za manlkN;GPirkSniym
enaH
enaH BHmhakStExr :nep\I sarlixitmYy eTA tmnavI:raMg ECrIu darhg
:nRtUvbeg,IteLIg
enAeBlenaH
dUcCa
KNbkSGPirkS
ehA
erN U
eZVICaGktMNag enABwTsPa KW kumbwkSaraCaNack . enAedImqaM 1947

clnasSr;EdltMNagbeTsTaMgbI
enANcin :nbJn
GnusS
rN;mYy eTAGg<kar shbCaCati tamry;ksYg karbreTsGaemrik buEn
GaemrikBMuBmbJn GnusSarN;enaH eTAoGg<kar shbCaCatieT . enAqaM
CasmaCik bkSkumynisNcin. clnayuvCn TaMgenaH :necaTBHmha

eBk . sUmbJakza enAsm&yrdaPi:l elak sWn guk zaj naqaM 1945
lW
(Thierry dArgenlieu) EdlCa GK<sgkar:raMg enA Ncin edIm|IeZVI
karcrcasI BIkraCExr . buEneBlEdl:raMg BgwgCMhrrbseK enAN
bnabmk mYyExekayeBlEdlelak Qan vm :ntUvEtgtaMg Ca nayk
cin :nvij er]genaH k*:tsatrhUteTA. dUecHeXIjza clna TamTar k
:ntUvbeg,IteLIgenAExRt:tdMbg. kumsSr;ExrenH EdlmanKa bmaN 8
ecjCaninakar 2 sMxan> EdrenAeBlenaH. buEnTalEtmkdl Ex mina qaM
rdmnI clna ExrsSr; EdlmaneQaHza KNkmkar rMedaH bCaCnExr
rynak
ehIy
EdldwknaM
edayGtItBleTa
dab
QYn :nRtUvksar
CaecIn bJakza manTMnakTMng CamYyGg<karev[tmij. tamkarBit clna
raCtampvGavuZ eTaHbI mankarbTakkLaKa sKsaj yagNakI k*Ebk

1949 eTIb TMnasenH :nEsgecjCa rUbrag eLIgyagc|as.
enAJkkNalqaM 1949 enaH KWenAcenaH Exmina nig Exmizuna kum
sSr;enaHmanGtiPaB taMgBI qaM 1945 mk Kw cabepImecj CarUbragtaMgBI
sSr;Exr nana :neZVIkarvaybharKa eTAvijeTAmkyagxaMgka . kumExr
zaj :ntUvEtgtaMgCardmnI karbreTs. kalqaM 1945 clnaenaH sit
nwigKMnitenH. buEn KW enAeBlenaHEdr EdlBYkGkCatiniym EbkecjCaBIr
ExmizunaqaM 1945 mkeNaH KW mYyExekayeBlEdl elak sWn guk

enAeRkamkardwknaM rbs sWg guk mij ehA Gacarman Etmg eJlKW
clna EdlCasaxa rbs Gg<karev[tmij. enAz 25 mizunaqaM 1945 enaH

BHmhakStExr BH:T neratm sIhnu
sSr;xHylza
tUveZVIshkar
CamYyev[tmij
kumxHeT[tbqaMgdacxat
kum ? mYybkaneqVg mYybkansaM . munnwigniyayGMBIkarvivtn n clna

ExrsSr;enH bneTAeT[t x\MsUmvilmkniyay GMBIrdaPi:l elak Qan vm
:nTamTaryk TwkdI kUsaMgsuIn
nigdMeNIrkar n KNbkS bCaZibety vijsin eJHzakar TamTar kraC
CasmaCik smaKm GtItsisS viTal&y suIsuvti :nnaMKacUleTAkg BH
bCaZibety bBwtieTA kgeBlEtmYy . rdaPi:l rbs elak Qan vm
mkvij buEnsabEt 2 Ex ekaymk KW enA z 9 sIha yuvCn 7 rUbEdl
raCvaMgTaMgkNalratI edIm|IbgMoBHmhakStExr dakraC ehIy dkhUt

smaCik rdaPi:l elak sWn guk zaj swgEtTaMgGs . elak sWn guk
zaj :ncabGkeZVIkarbunbg TaMgenaH :nTaMgGs ehIy ykeTAXuMXaMg.
157
rbs clnaExrsSr; nig karcUlbyuT kgqakneya:y rbs KNbkS

Edl:ntUvEtgtaMg enAz 2 mkraqaM 1948 KW 10z ekay kare:Heqat
sPa naz 21 Z qaM 1947 man smasPaB dUcteTA ?
158
elak Qan vm EdlCardmnI TI 1 k*TTYlbnk xagGbrMCati Edr.
viTal&y. enATIbMput KNbkSbCaZibety :ntUvGkOkasniym ykeTA
nighirJvt elak BITU dW mugetrU yutiZ(m elak yit sun mha p elak
neratm sIhnu :nrMlayrdsPa ecalEtmg. eTaHyagenHkI k* elak eG[v
kar nig rdmnI karJrbeTs elak h)uy knl Zmkar vicitsil|; nig
KW kraCEdlKanlkN; bribUr GVITalEtesaH . elak eG[v kwH RtUveKeZIV
elak Eym sMbU rdelxaZikarmhap TTYlxustUv xag nKr:lCati elak
neratm sIhnu TTYlParkicdwknaMrdaPi:l Ca beNaHGasnsin ehIymYyEx
elak sWn san :ntUvEtgtaMgCabnaykrdmnI TTYlbnkxag esdkic

sun vWuns kanbIksYgEtmakg KW ? rdmnIesdkicCati rdmnIsaZarN
sg<mkic evCbNit sun mm suxaPi:l . rI rd elxaZikar man 5 KW
maC Kun rdelxaZikarhirJvt elak h)uy emag rdelxaZikarkarJrbeTs

elak zun G)uk rdelxaZikar ksYgeXasnakar elak Guit es[m rdel
xaZikar JNiCkm sSahkm nig BsPar. rdaPi:lelak Qan vm :n

tUvbJb 8 Exekaymk. elak Ebn nut Edlmin:ntUv rdaPi:l bCa
Zibety rbselak Qan vm bKlParkicGVITaMgGsenaH :ntUvEtgtaMg
CanaykrdmnI CMnYselak Qan vm enAz 15 sIha qaM 1948 buEn
R:MmYyExekaymk tUvrlM:teTAvijeTA ehIy dlevn elak Eym sMbU
mgvij. rdaPi:lelakEym sMbU :n tUvEtgtaMgenAz 12 kum;qaM 1949.

sUmbJakza elak eG[v kWH EdleZVI CabZanrdsPa taMgBIqaM 1946 mk
xitxMeZVIGVI KbEbbyag edIm|Iec[s vagkMuomanTMnas CamYyBHraCa KWsuxcit
eZVI CaQaneZVIBegIy . enAz 18 kJa qaMdEdlBHmhakStExr BH:T
kwH xitxMeZVIkartva bqaMgyagGgGac nwg reb[bkMNt kraCrbs :raMgEdr

Xat enAz 14 mkraqaM 1950 . enA z 3 sPa qaM 1950 RBHmhakSRt
eRkaymk KW enAz 1 mizuna qaM 1950 RBHGg< RbKlParkicer[bcM rdaPi:l
zI mYyeT[t eTAoRBHGg<mas sIusuvti munIBgS .
vibti rdaPi:l enAcenaH

qaM 1948-1950
Crise ministrielle de 19481950

bnabBI rdaPi:lrbs KNbkS bCaZibety dwknaMeday elak
Qanvm tUvbJb eJHEtrdmnImak CabJkB&nkg er]gLtensaT enA
niyay nwg GkRbCaZibetydUcKa oEtgtaMg elak Eym sMbU eZVICanayk
xaKhwm ehIybnabBI rdaPi:l elak Ebn nut tUvrlMbHeCIg 6 Ex ekay
rdZmnuJ. buEn elakEym sMbU :ntUvsisSviTal&ysuIsuvti bqaMg yag
GktMNagras KNbkSbCaZibety oEtgtaMgelak Eym sMbU Canayk
kitanuPaB rbs KNbkSRbCaZibety yagdMNM . enAeBlenaH sisSviTa
neratm sIhnu . elak eG[v kwwH Ca vrCn GkbCaZibetymYyrUb Edlman
rdmnI tamesckIesI rbsBHmhakSt eday eyageTAtam mata TI 21 n
mkeT[t elak eG[v kwH bZanrdsPa tUvbgMcitniyaysRmuHsRmYl CamYy
sem|Im enA eBlenaH eJHelak :nebIk kasIuNU mYy EdlCaehtueZVIoxUc
rdmnI CMnYs elak Ebn nut tam esckIesIsMu rbsBHmhakSt BH:T
l&y suIsuvti naMKaEskeCrza ; mas saEGm Eym sMbU ebIk kasIuNU biT
KuNsm|tiecIn . CaBiess elak CaGkEdlbkan CMhr eT[gtg
159
160
ehIy
mZ&tbMput cMeJHeKalkarNkraCCati . buEnkarEdlelak suxcitniyay
oGktMNagras tMNagmtiPaKecIn e:Heqat EtgtaMg elak Eym sMbU

CabmuxrdaPi:l KW mkBI elak ylza TMnas CamYy BHmhakSt CayuT
clnasSr;Exr ekamkardWknaM rbselak buk Xun

ev[tmij enAExkm; qaMdEdlenaH .
:npacxnecjBI kum
edIm|Ier[bcM rdaPi:lzI BHmhakSt :nesIsMuo KNbkS neya
sasminlesaH enAkgkal;eTs;mYy EdlbeTskmCa kMBug TamTar k
:y nIimYy> plsmaCik 2 rUbedIm|I oBHGg<ykeTAEtgtaMgeZVICardmnI .
:lbCaZibety :ntUvTTYlz :keTAvij. rdaPi:l elak Eym sMbU
ety ehA KNbkS k|aldMrI, KNbkSesrIPaB
EdlCaehtunaMosisSanusisS eZVI:tukmyagKKwkKeKg ehIy :nCMrujo
BHGg<masneratm mug taNa KNbkSexmr; ehA erNU
raC o:nbribUr KbCugeCay. buEn seRmcsRmYleTA KNbkS nig rdaPi
:neZVI GMeBIxusq<gmYy Edlmin KYrekItman TalEtesaH KW:nebIkkasuINU

elak
mas
saEGm
EdlCardmnIGbrMCati
biTviTal&ysuIsuvti
Etmg.
bkS neya:yenAeBlenaH man cMnYnTaMgGs 8 KW ? KNbkS bCaZib
BHGg<mas nrinedt KNbkSvDnPaB
(Parti libral) rbs
(Parti progressiste) dWknaMeday

(Rnovation)
dwknaMeday elak jwk CULg nig elak ln nl, KNbkS rbs elak
enAeBlenaH sisSanusisS EskeCrbeTcpasa rdaPi:l elak Eym sMbU
Eym sMbU, KNbkSbCaras rbselak sm jan KNbkSrYbrYmCati
edayebI Jkesak CabvtisasmYyza ; mas saEGm Eym sMbU ebIk
rbs elak Xwm Twt nig KNbkS trmanC&y rbs dab QYn dwknaM
kasuINU biTviTal&y h)uy emag! h)uy emag! . sUmbJakza enAeBlenaH
edayelak emA cy. enATIbMput Parkicer[bcMrdaPi:l :ntUv bKleTA
kSt neratm sIhnu ecjeZVIGnraKmnEtmg . enAz 18 kJa qaM1949 enaH
bueNaH . enAeBlEdlKNrdmnI pasbr tQbQr KW rdaPi:l 8 kg
elak h)uy emag Ca rdmnIkarJrCati . KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlBHmha

BHmhakSt
bkasrMlayrdsPaecal
ehIyEtgtaMg
edaypalBHGg<
oelak eG[v kwH . buEn rdaPi:lelak eG[v kwH man ezrevla Et 9 z
ry;eBl 2 qaM Gkneya:yExr tUvbQmmux nwigbJaneya:y d* cm|g
elakEym sMbU CanaykrdmnI mgeT[t eday eyageTAtam GtbT rdZm
mYy KWkarTamTarkraC bribUN( mkoExr . enAcugqaM 1949 tamry;sni
Kmn KbeBlevla enAkgkrNIEdlBHGg<ylza CakarcaM:c . mYyvij
mYy EdlKann&y GVITaMgGs eJHkgT&BExrtUvdakosit enAekambJakar
taMg rdaPi:l edayKanrdsPadUecH KW mkBIbeTskmCa kMBugqgkateKaH
JkkNaleT[t k*tUv:raMgrkSaTukdEdl . GkdwknaM KNbkSbCaZibety
nuJ EdlplsiTiEbbenHeTAoBHmhakSt KWzaBHmhakStmansiTi eZVIGnra

eT[t BHmhakStBH:T neratm sIhnu :nsMGagza karEdlBHGg< Etg
P&y eJHenAeBlenaH BYksSr;Exr nig sm&nmiRt rbseK kMBug Etbeg,It
sJa z 8 vicika :raMgTTYls<alkraC rbsExr buEn KW KanEtCakraC

rbs :raMg dEdl KW rhUtdleBl mansniPaBenA Ncin . GMNacCag
CaBiess elak eG[v kWH naMKabqaMg nwg lknik;bKlkraC d*Kann&y
Gsnisux enAkgTUTaMgbeTs . sUmbJakzaenAqaM 1949 enaH KWenA cenaH
enH rbs:raMg. buEn TalEt 2 qaMekaymk eTIbBHmhakSt cabepIm
161
162
Exmina nig Ex mizuna RkumsSr;nana kMBugEtTasETgKa yagxaMg Kw bnab BI
TamTarkraCbribUr yageBjTMhwg KW clna mYyEdl maneQaHza RBHraC
bUCnIiykic edIm|IkraC
(Croisade royale pour lIndpendance). buEn
mandMeNIrkarrektrkUt. rdaPi:l elakeG[v kwH Edl:ntUvEtg taMg enAz
tUvbQmmux nwg sanPaBmYy d*Bi:k . GkEdlbqaMgxaMgCageK KWGk
TgsBVBHraCh#T&y dakrdaPi:lmYyzIeT[trbselak Eym sMbUoCMnYs
enAkgkarpHKabEbkmYyenATIsakkar KNbkSbCaZibetyenAz 14 mkra
ehA QYn mleBC :nsMucuHcUlmkkgCYrraCrdaPi:lenAz 1 tula buEn BuM
munnwigQaneTAdl dMNakkarenaHGkEdl bqaMg nwgsnisJa z 8 vicika

dwknaMKNbkSbCaZibetyCaBiess elak eG[v kWwH Edl:ntUv:tbgCIvit
qMa1950. XatkmenH Ca Gaz(kM:MgmYy EdlEvkrkmux o:nc|as BMueXIj

rhUt. buEn GVIEdleKdwgc|as KWza enAeBlenaH sukExrsitenAkg Gsni
sux ehIyGkNa k*Gaceq{tOkas :nEdr edIm|I eZVIkarbMEbkbM:kpkg .

eTaHCayagNakI bnabBIGK<sgkar saZarNrd :raMg sg dWr mugd*
(Jean
de Raymond) :ntUvGkbeRmIev[tmijmak eZVIXat enAz 29 tulaqaM 1951
PaBcbUkcbl kanEtman sPaBsKsajEzmeT[t eJH:raMgcabepImecaT

bkanzaman GkdwknaMxH n KNbkS bCaZibety man TMnakTMng CamYy
Gg<kar TamTarkraC rbs ev[tmij .
karkekIteLIg n GkbCaZibety Exr

CMnan qaM 1950-1960
20 kJa manCIvitEt 9 z bueNaH eJHenAz 29 ExdEdl BHmhakSt

vij . enAeBlEdl clnasSr; kMBug:kEbkKa emExrsSr; dab QYn
EmnCa karcuHcUlZmtaeT eJHraCrdaPi:l :nsuxcit bKlExRtes[mrab
TaMgmUl eTAo emExrsSr; rUbenH kankabedayGMNac packar rbs eK

palEtmg.
Cag 1 Exekaymk KW enAz 8 vicika :raMg nig Exr :ncuHht
elxa eTAelI snisJamYy EdlTTYls<alza beTskmCa Card kraC
buEn EdlsitenAkg shPaB:raMg . eyageTAtamsnisJaenaH beTs

kmCa enAEtrkSasiTi rbs xn Canic kgkarTamTar TwkdI kUsaMgsuIn . KYrkt
sMKalpgEdrza enAeBlmunenH KW enAz 4 mizuna qaM 1949 dEdlenaH
:raMg:nRbKl kmCaeRkam eTAoev[tNam edayBMu:nsaksYrmti ExrkmCa
eRkamGVIeLIy . enHebIeyagtamksar rbs ExrkmCaeRkam . 8 Ex bnabBI
karcuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJa TTYls<alza rdkmCa CardkraC / enATI
kug:rIsenaHvij KWenAExmizunaqaM 1950 nisSitExrmYykum:nbeg,It clna
neya:y makSniymmYy. smaCiksMxan> nclnaenaH manCaGaT ; elak

eG[g sarI elaksI ex[v ZiriT elak h)U yn elak ekg vansak elak CYn
Les Dmocrates khmers de la nouvelle

gnration (1950 1960)
enAqaM 1949 bnabBI BHmhakSt BH:T neratm sIhnu :n
rMlayrdsPa eKseg,teXIjza sab&nneya:y bCaZibetyExr cabepIm
163
mum
nig saLt sr Edlekaymk maneQaHza bul Bt elak mIu man
elak muI pat elak rtn saem]n . enAeBldEdlenaH enAkgBbeTs

kmCaenaHvij
rNsirrYbrYmKarbsExrsSr;bkasza
BYkeKkankabmYy
PaKbI n TwkdI kmCa. enAz 19 mizunaqaM 1950 enaH tagnam rNsir
sSr; nig tagnam oKNkmaZikarExr rMedaHbCaCn pgEdr sWg guk mij

164
bkas kraCExrEtmg. enAbeTs:raMgenaHvij 5 Exekay BwtikarN
sPa qaM 1950 BHGg<massuIsuvti munIBgS :ntUvEtgtaMgCa nayk rd
kJa qaM1946 :nEtgtaMgelak van mUlIvan CabZan . sUmbJakza BIqaM
Cabmux mansmasPaB dUcteTA ; elak tan emA eTsrdmnIKanksYg
elak eG[r suIcUv edayman elak Eym sarug CaGK<elxaZikar. eyag eTA
mm rdmnIkarbreTs saZarN kar nig KmnaKmn elak yit sun mhap
enH KW enAz TI 1 vicika
smaKm nisSitExr
Edl:ntUvbeg,It taMgBIEx
1946 mkqaM 1950 smaKm nisSitExrenH sitenAekamkardwknaM rbs

tam bvtiviTUmYycMnYn CaBiess eyageTAtam elaksI marIu GaeLc sgRDIn
martaMg
eCIgza
(Marie Alexandrine Martin) Edl:nniBnes[vePA mYyman cMNg
Le Mal cambodgien elak eG[r sIucUvKan EtCa GkCatiniym suT
saZ bueNaH rI elak Eym sarug man ninakarbCaZibety niymExS

kNal. cMENkelak van mUlIvan bZan smaKm nisSitExr
qaM 1950
enaH k* CaGkkNalniymEdr .
smaKmnisSitExr
naqaM 1950 Edlmanelak van mUlIvan Ca
bZan ehIyEdlman elak ekg vansak CaGnubZan man smasPaB
dUcteTA ; elak sin exmkU GK<elxaZikar elak pU bUBin GK<elxaZikarrg

elak G)ug e:eLg hirJwk elak hU tug lIb bNarkS. enAcugqaM 1950
enaH enAkgB beTskmCa enaHvij bnabBIkarCYbsnna rvag elak es{v

ehg emsSr;Exr nigBHGg<massupanuvgS emclnats)U lav CamYy elak
tug Dwk
mnI . sUmbJakza rdaPi:lEdl BHmhakSt BH:Tneratm sIhnu

elak Ebn nut eTsrdmnI nig rd mnIkarJrbeTs elakevC bNit sun
elak GU QWn hirJvt
elak XYn N esdkicCati elak can Nak
yutiZ(m elak BITU dW mugetrU GbrMCati elak nal Epg suxaPi:l kargar
nig sg<mkic elak Gin gin Zmkar . rI rdaPi:lTI 1 rbs BHGg<mas
sIusuvti munIBgS EdltUvbJbebskkm enAcugqaM 1950 man elak sun
vWuns Ca rd mnIkarJrbeTs elak ray lt esdkic nig Epnkar elak

GU QWn hirJvt elak can Nak yutiZ(m elak Twm ekn saZarNkar nig
KmnaKmn
elak BITU dW mugetrU GbrMCati nig yuvCn elak XYn N
ksikm elak nal Epg sg<mkic elak mas Eh)l vicitsil|; elak
sWn san karbreTs elak Ca Cinkuk sSahkm nig JNiCkm. enAqaM
bnabmk enAeBl e:HeqatsPa na ExkJa qaM 1951 KNbkS bCaZib
ety :nTTYleCaKC&y d*tcHtcg saCazIeT[t KW yk:n 54 Gasn;

xagKNbkS
esrIPaB :nEt 18 Gasn;bueNaH. KNbkS erNU
exmr;
zaMg tMNagGg<karev[tmij / bkSkumynIsNcin RtUveRt{mxn
rbselak jwk CULug nig ln nl :n 2 Gasn; KNbkStrmanC&y
nic . enAJkkNalqaM 1950 enaH eday rdaPi:lecH Etpasbr Cajwk
yk EtmYyGasn;min:npg ehIy KNbkSeT[t> dUcCa KNbkSvDn
EbgEck CabIbkS EdlmansV&yPaB er{g>xn buEn EdlrkSaTMnakTMngKa
Ca
rbs elak emA cy 4 Gasn; . KNbkShnuman rbselak Eym sMbU
jabeBk KNbkSbCaZibety k*esIsMuoBHmhakStdwknaMrdaPi:l rbs
PaB , KNbkSbCaCn, KNbkSGkkraC k* dUcKaGIucwgEdr. enA z
Gg< CanaykrdmnI tUvbJb ebskkmeTAvij mYyExekaymk. enA z 31
1951 enaH enAbeTs:raMg
BHGg<palEtmg. enATIbMputBHGg< k* TgylBm buEn rdaPi:lEdl BH
165
12 tula qaM 1951 elak h)uy knl tUvEtg taMgCanaykrdmnI . enAqaM

smaKmnisSitExr :nEtgtaMgelak h)U yn
166
CabZan rI KNkmaZikar enAeBlenaH manCaGaT ; elak eG[g

saLt sr, CYn mum, ex[v sMpn, ekg vansak .
167
sarI,
168
CMBUk 4
eqaHeTArk rbb KNbkSEtmYy ?
karEsVgrktulPaB d*Bi:k
rvag RbBNI nig
PaBsm&yTMenIb
Equilibrage difficile
entre tradition et modernit
clna sg<mraRsniym
(Vers le monopartisme)
karxMRbwgERbgTaMgbunan EdlKNbkSRbCaZibety CaBiess GkGg<
mas sIusuvti yutivgS :neZVI enAqaM 1946_1947 edIm|IpleTAoRbeTs

kmCa nUv rbbraCaniym GaRs&yrdZmnuJ
EdlmansPaBIr
(Monarchie constitutionnelle)
(systme du bicamrisme) :nRtUvrlayGseTAvij enA
qaM 1952 . kalenaH mankarRbqaMgBIsMNakbJvnyagxaMg eRJHeKyl
za vasna rbsRbeTs minRtUvRbKleTAomnusSmakeLIy. enAqaM 1955

RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu :neZVIkarEkTRmg rdZmnuJ qaM 1947 edIm|I
kabykGMNacTaMgmUl. RBHGg<:nkayeTACakSRtmYyGg<EdlmanGMNac
dUc kSRtExrsm&yeTvraCdUecHEdr. saCazIeT[t RbeTskmCa :neKcevHBI
clna TMenIbkm EdlRbeTskMBugRtYvkar . rIplvi:k :nEsgecjeLIg

yagc|as enAcugqaM 1960. karCYysarRbeTseLIgvij enAqaM 1959 mg
enAqaM 1970 mg BMu:nnaMRbeTs eqaHeTArktulPaB nkarRbECgkmaMg enA

kgtMbn:neLIy eRJHmunkarTmakRBHGg<ecjBI GMNac enAz 18 minaqaM
169
170
1970 RbeTsTaMgmUl:nZak eTAkgd GaNaniKmniymzI :teTAehIy.
eKGacsnidan:nza RbsinNaCaRBHGg< minRbqaMg nwg viZankarneya:y

rbsrdaPi:l
GMNacpackar tamry;karmanKNkSEtmYyenHehIy Edl:nCMrujRbeTs

kmCa eTArkkarpasbredayxanmin:n enAqaM 1970.
eRsacRsgCati rbs RBHGg< edIm|IrkSamitPaBmYymin
c|aslaseTenaH RbeTskmCa RbEhlCaGaceKcput BImhnray KW yag

ehacNas k*GacrkSaGZibety nig kPaBCati :nEdr.
rI bdivtnExr
Rkhm BMuEmnCabdivtn sg<mNaEdr EtCakarERbRbYl n karRbECgkmaMg
PUmisaRs_neya:y EtbueNaH . x\MnwgelIkeLIg BI bdivtn kumynis

ebsExrRkhm enACMBUk 6 . yagNamij karrlMrlay n rbbesrIniym
mUlZnniym rbs saZarNrdExr k*bNalmkBI karekNmnusSbgMo

KaMRT semc neratm sIhnu nig karvayRbhareyaZa rbs BYkExrRkhm
Edr KW minEmnmkBIqn; rbsRbCaCn vN;kmkr_ksikr GVIeT . eK Gac
niyayBI bdivtn enAkgsg<mmYy luHNaEtmnusSCaeRcInenAkgsg<menaH

mankarPa\krk GMBImUlehtuEdlnaMosg<mTaMgmUlmanvibtisg<m nigesd
kicRTaMRTmin:n dUckarbHe:rEdlekItmaneLIg enAeBlEdlrbb
CaZibety rbs ExrrRkhm :nQaneTAdlTIbJb.
kmCaRb
vilmkniyayBI karrlMrlay n sab&n RbCaZibety enAqaM 1955
vij vibtirdaPi:l enAsm&y
sg<mraRsniym CakarqHoeXIjza kar
bJlninakar neya:ynana mkkg clna KNbkSEtmYy minGacZana

sirPaBneya:y :neLIy. dUcenAkgKNbkSkumynis EdlkanGMNac
dUecHEdr eKeXIjEtkarEbkEx\k nninakarepSg> yagRbtkSEdlCaehtu
naMeTArk viZankarpackar CakMhit edIm|I GacrkSaGMNac . dUcenH karpas
brGkkanGMNac
(alternance) CakarcaM:cNas edIm|IkMuomankarbHe:r
nig GnaZibety edIm|IGacrkSatulPaBsg<m nigneya:y:n. KWWeRJHEt

171
BwtikarN Edl ekItmaneLIg
mun raCbUCnIykic edIm|I kraC rbs

BH:T neratm sIhnu
Avant la Croisade royale

pour lIndpendance
enAqaM 1951
smaKmnisSitExr
Ga GW ka (A.E.K.) enATIkug:rIs :n
EtgtaMg elak h)U yn oeZVICabZan rIKNkmaZikar dwknaM manCaGaT ;

eG[g sarI saLt sr CYn mum ekg vansak ex[v sMpn, PYg tun.
KW enA
eBlenaHehIy Edl smaKmnisSit Exr Ga GW ka EbkecjCa 3 ninakar ?
ninakarniymkNal tMNageday van mUlI van Eym sarug hg Zunhak
tan Kwm hYn . ninakaresrIniym rYmman ? emA say sm sarI lI CinlI

Duk rasIu
Duk paNa Lg Ebt BuM zus . edayGkTaMgenH Ca GkbqaMgnwg
menaKmviCa makSniym eK k*:nnaMKabeg,It smaKmmYyeT[t maneQaHza

smaKmmitExrenAbeTs:raMg
lAmicale des Cambod-giens en
France . sUmbJakza 6 qaMekaymk smaCikmYycMnYn n smaKmenH
:ncUlrYmcMENkCamYy smaKmmYyeT[tEdlmaneQaHza Ga ka
(smaKmExr;
A. K.
Association khmre) edIm|Ibeg,It smaKmmYyzI eT{tEdlman

172
eQaHza eskum (CKOM) smaKm Exr enA naysmuRT (Communaut
royale pour lIndpendance) rbs RBHmhakSRtExr. enAeBle:HeqatsPa
des Cambodgiens dOutre-Mer ) enAqaM 1961 . smaKm Exr Ga ka (A.K.)
naExkJaqaM 1951 KN bkSRbCaZibety :nTTYleCaKC&y d*Gsarsa
rIsmaCikepSg> eT[t manCaGaT ?
elak h)uy knl :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmRnI rI KNrdmRnI TaMgmUl
Edlbeg,ItenAz 27 kumH qaM 1955 :nEtgtaMgelakecA esg GY CabZan
CazImgeT{t KW deNImyk:n 70 PaKry n Gasn; . enAz 12 tula
Kun, sI bug . edImeLIy smaKmenH KaMTBHmhakStExr BH:Tneratm
mansuTEtGkRbCaZibety. KW enAExtulaqaM 1951 enaHEdr EdlRBHmha
DII :ELn rUehS kusl saEmr pl
sIhnu edayman elak jwk CULg CaGkbtmpgeT[t . buEn karbJl

ninakar GPirkSniym CamYy ninakar esrIniym BuM:nnaMeTArk PaBrwgbwug dUc
kareKagTuk rbs BHmhakStenaHeLIy . elak jwk CULg CaGkEdlman
KMnitesaHtg nwg BHmhakSt buEn smaCik n smaKm eskum swg
EtTaMgGs suTEtCaGkEdlmanninakar saZarNrdniym KW ebIminecIn k*
kSRtExr neratm sIhnu sMuo:raMg edaHElg elak sWg guk zaj ovil
RtLbmkRsukExrvij. tamkarBiteTA elak sWg guk zaj RKanEtCa GkCati
niymmak EdlmanTiBl RbCaRbiy EtbueNaH k*buEn elak k* :nRtUv
GkRbCaZibety eKarBdUcvirbursmak dUecHEdr . enAeBlenaH RBHmhakSRt

man yuTsaRs BiessmYy KW sBVRBHraCh#T&y EtgtaMg elak sWg guk
minticbunanEdr . smaCiksMxan> n smaKm eskum man CaGaT ? Ca
zaj oeZIVCanaykrdmRnI. buEneBlmkdlRsukExr CamatuRbeTsvij elak
sMeG]n. smaKm eskum (CKOM) manCIvit EtbYnqaMbueNaH . edayeXIj
TTYlelak yagBBakBBUn dUceKmkTTYl virbursmak dUecHEdr CaehtuZIV o
z esg, Lg Ebt, G)uy pat Na, PU suI G)uy, bUramI CULg nut Narg cMerIn
za smaCikPaKecIn n smaKm eskumenH BMusUvmanninakar raCaniym BH
mhakSt k*Bus
M UvCa sBVBHraCh#T&y KaMT smaKmenH bunanEdr . enAqaM
1965 smaKmmYyeT[t maneQaHza ;
Association Gnrale des Cambod-
giens en France ehA A.G.C.A. F. smaKmTUeTA nCnCatiExr enARbeTs
RbEkkBMuRBm eZIVCanaykrdmRnIeT . mitPki rbs elakCaeRcIn :nnaMKamk

elak sWn guk zaj man karERkgrEGg yagxaMg xac RBHmhakSRt Gak
GnRBHraCh#T&y. eTaHCayagNakI enA z 11 mkra KW 2 Ex eRkaymk

elak sWn guk zaj :nbeg,It kaEstmYy eQaH ExreRkak ehIytam
ry;sarBt(manenaH elaksWg guk zaj TamTaroeZIVkarEkTRmgCamUldan
:raMg :nRtUvbeg,IteLIg edIm|IeZIVyagNasakl|g rMlaysmaKm eskum
Etmg ehIyenAz 9 mina elak sWg guk zaj rtcUlRBrYbrYmCamYy clna
enHCaRBwtkarN TakTg nwg nisSitExr enARsuk:raMg cabBIqaM 1961 buEn
TItaMgyuTsaRs PUmisaRs_neya:y rbs RbeTsz. KW enA eBlenaHEdr
(CKOM) ninakarsaM nig smaKm G)uy GW ka ninakareqVgecalEtmg.
munnwg elIkeLIgGMBI karvivtn nsPaBkarNenH x\MsUmvilmkniyay GMBI

sPaBkarNmYycMnYn EdlekItmaneLIgenAqaM 1951-1952 sin KW CaRBwti
karN mYycMnYn EdlekItman mun
raCbUCnIykicedIm|IkraC
173
(Croisade
sSr;mYy Edlman ninakarsaM ehIy EdlmanTsSn;neya:y Rsbnwg

Edlclna ExrsSr;EdlmaneQaHza KNkmaZikarrMedaH RbCaCn dwknaM
eday elak sWg guk mij :nERbeQaH mkCa rdaPi:lts)U Etmg.

rdaPi:l ExrsSr; enAkgBenaH mansmaCik zakdwknaM epSg>eT[t dUc
174
Ca ? can sm&y GnubZan TU samut TTYlbnkxagmhap Ekv munI kar
:ncabepImcuHpSayGtbT rbs saLt sr ekameQaHza ExredIm buEn
sYs mn xagkickarsasna . enAeBlenaH enATIkugPMeBj KNbkSbCa
bdivtn nana enAkgsklelak .
breTs CU Qin GbrMu es[v ehg karJrbeTs lav EkvmunI xagCnCati
Zibety :nnaMKa sMEdgbdihar bqaMg nwg vtmanrbs:raMg yagxaMgka .
enAz 6 sPaqaM 1952 ekamkardwknaM rbs elak h)U nwm KNbkS bCa
Zibety
:neZVI:tukmmYyyagKKwk
KeKgbqaMgnwg:raMg
enAcMkNal
TIkugPMeBj Etmg ehIy 2 s:h ekaymk :neZIV :tukm mYyeT[t enA

:tdMbg dwknaM eday vn evt . enAz 26 sPa :tukmmYyeT[t ekamkar
dwknaM rbs KNbkSbCaZibety dEdl:npHeLIg enAkMBgcam . sUmkt
sMKalza enAeBlEdlbeTskmCa sitenAekamkardwknaM rbs rdaPi:l
Edlniyay riHKn rbb raCaniym yagcasd nig elIkeLIg CaBiess GMBI
RBHraCbUCnIykic edIm|I
kraC Exr rbs BH:T neratm sIhnu
La Croisade royale pour lIndpendance

enAeBlEdl
KNbkSbCaZibety
kMBugedIrtYnaTIyagsMxan
enA
Gkneya:y mYycMnYn manCaGaT ? elak Eym sMbU
kgqakneya:yExr enAcugTsvtSr 40 nig enAedImTsvtSr 50 nisSitExr
knl cuHecj BImux tMMENg ehIysuMorMlayrdsPaecalpgeT{t. enAedIm
Zibetyyagskm. muneBl EdlelaksWn guk zaj tLbmksukExr
TaMgenaH ykeTAXMu XaMg. enAeBlenaH KW enAeBlEdlkgT&B:raMgeZVIclna
sWn guk
ety elak h)uy knl ecalEtmg ehIy ykGMNacTaMgGs mkkanpal
nignisSitsaMniym k*EsgeLIg enAeBlenaHEdr. GkbkaneqVgylza kar
elak h)uy knl
Edl mankarKaMT BIkgT&B :nesIsMu ordaPi:l bCaZibety elak h)uy
enATIkug:rIs eTaHCa GkmanninakarsaM eqVgkI eKnaMKaKaMTKNbkS bCa
Exmizuna qaM 1952 enaH rdaPi:l bCaZibety :ncab BYkGkneya:y
vij enAExtulaqaM 1951 nisSitExrTaMgenaH EtgEtnaMKaeTAsYrsuxTuk elak
enA TIkugPMeBj BHmhakSt k*eq{tykOkasenaH TmakrdaPi:l bCaZib
eLIgenAeBlenaH KWkarTamTarkraC buEnkarExVgKMnitKa rvagnisSiteqVgniym
BHGg< CaehtueZVIomtixH catTukzaBHraCaeZVI rdbharmYyEdlsbc|ab.
TamTarkraCtUvbBwteTAtampvGavuZ edaymankar KaMTBIbCaksikr.
rbseK yagxaMg nwig BHmhakSt eday:nep\IsarlixitmYyeTAzVayBHraCa
nisSitExrPaKecIn enAsm&yqaM 50 enaH BuMEmnCaGkKaMT rbb raCaniym
sresr eday elak ekg vansak :ntUvelak h)U yn bZan
sWwn guk zaj tLbmkkmCavij ehIyrtcUlBbg,T&BsSr; CamYy elak
zaj EdlCabXuMXaMg enAB&teC (Poitiers) Caer]y>. bJa EdlecaT
rI
enA Ex kk,da qaM 1952 enaH nisSitExrenATIkug:rIs :nsMEdg karbqaMg
GkbkansaMvij eKmankarsakesIr. eTaHbIeKman ninakarsaM eqVg kI
edIm|I ez,aleTasBHGg<<. GtbT n lixitCabvtisas enaH Edl:ntUv
eLIy . eKKaMT KNbkSbCaZibety swgEtTaMgGs. enAeBlEdl elak
nisSitExr cuHhtelxa. KWenAkgry;eBlenaHEdrEdlTsSnavdI nisSitExr
eG[r sIu cUv nisSitTaMgenaH k*KaMT elak sWn guk zaj eT[t . enAeBl
175
smaKm
176
EdlBHmhakStExr BH:T neratm sIhnu bkasTamTarkraCbribUr enA
man BHGg<Cabmux mansmasPaBdUcteTA ? RBHGg<mas neratm sugedt
eJHenAz 15 mizuna qaM 1952 enaH RBH:Tneratm sIuhnu :neZVIsar
nig yuvCn elak tug GYn mm mhap nig Zmkar elak dW Lebs yutiZm(
TalEt:nseRmc . buEn edayBHmhakSt TmakrdaPi:lbCaZibety
rdelxaZikar xagsaZarNkar nig KmnaKmn GkGg<massIusuvti sirimt;
Ex mizunaqaM
1952 BYkeK k*cgEbr mkKaMT skmPaB rbs BHGg<vij Edr
mYysna cMeJHbCaCatiExrza BHGg< nwg TamTarkraC bribUr BI :raMg o

rbs elak h)uy knl ehIyrMlay rdsPaecal enAkgeBlCamYyKa pg
Edr bNanisSitExr enAbeTs:raMg mankarxkcityagxaMg CaBiess enA

eBlEdl BHmhakStExrkabyk GMNacTaMgGs ehIy EtgtaMg rdaPi:l
mYy edaypalBHGg< Etmg. enA z 6 kk,daqaM 1952 dEdlenaH smaKm
nisSitExr Ga GW ka
(AEK) ekamkardwknaMrbs elak h)U yn :nep\I sar
rd mRnIkarbreTs GkGg<maskSRtI neratm ebge:H yuKnr GbrMCati kILa

elak daj sYn hirJvt, elak sium va esdkicCati elak nU hac
karJrRbeTs elak G)uM sm suxaPi:l nig sg<mkic. rdaPi:lenH :n

tUvbJbebskkm enAz
:raMg
23 Ex mkraqaM 1953 . munnwg yageTAbeTs
BHmhakSt :ner[bcMrdaPi:l
mYyeT[t
EdlmanBHGg<Cabmux
dEdl. rdaPi:lenaH mansmasPaBdUcteTA ; elak Ebn nut rdmnITI 1

raCbtiPUTTYlbnkkickarrdaPi:l nig CardmnI kILa nig yuvCn elak GU
lixitmYyeTABHmhakSt EtmgedIm|Iez,aleTasBHGg< GMBIGVI EdlTinanub|vti
QWn rdmnITI 1 et[m nig CardmnIkarbreTs nig Zmkar GkGg<mas
rbs BHmhakSt . enAedImqaMbnabmk KWenA z
Gg<massuIsuvti sirimt;rdmnIkarJrbeTs bsnIy nig TUrKmnaKmn
:raMg
LWmugd Le Monde enAeBlenaHehAza ; rdbharsbc|ab
14 mkra qaM 1953
smaCiksmaKmnisSit Exr Ga GW ka (A.E .K.) mak KWsaLt sr Edl

ekaymk maneQaHza bul Bt :ntLbmksukExrvij ehIy 25 z
bnabmk KWenAz 9 kum;qaM 1953 BHmhakStTgyageTAbeTs:raMg Ca
mYyelak Ebn nut edIm|I sMueZVIkarcrca TamTar kraC EdlCa qakdMMbUg
kStI neratm ebge:H yuKnr eTsrdmnIsikSaZikar nig vicitsil|; Gk
elak tug GYn mm yutiZm( elak suwm va esdkic nig saZarNkar elak
daj sYg hirJvt elak :k sarin mhap nigsV&ykarJr elak sMsug
EhVrNgeds suxaPi:l sg<mkic nigkar gar. KW enAeBlEdlBHGg<
dwknaM rdaPi:lenH ehIyEdlBHmhakSt BH:Tneratm sIhnu cabepImeZVI
bgs n BHraCbUCnIykic edIm|I kraCrbsBHGg< . buEn KWenAz 9 kumH
RBH raCbUCnIykicedIm|kraC . enAExkum; qaM 1953 enaH BHGg<yageTA
:l:raMgbkasobiT tamesckIesIrbsBHmhakStExr. 6 Ex ekaymk
CamYy GkdwknaM:raMg edIm|ITamTar kraCbribUr . sUmbJakpgEdrza Gk
qaM 1953 enaHehIyEdl
smaKmnisSitExr
Ga GW ka (A.E.K.) tUvrdaPi
enAbeTskmCa saLt sr nig yun es]n :neZVIdMeNIreTA kEngbJakar

T&B
rNsirExrsSr;
enAkMBgcam edIm|Ier[bcM sg<amT&BB. rdaPi:l
EdlBHmhakStExr :nEtgtaMgenA z 16 mizuna qMa 1952 ehIy Edl

177
beTs:raMgCamYy elak Ebn nut kgeKaledAmYyyagc|as KWeZVIkarcrca

Edl:neZVIviPaKTanmYyEpkZM
kgkar
er[bcMsMNMuer]g
d*sKsajenH
KW
elak sm sarI EdlCaBuk rbs elak sm rgSI . elak sm sarI Edl

tUvEtgtaMgCa
rdmnIGbrMCati
nigTTYlbnk
178
xagsnisIT
enAkgrdaPi:l
rbsBHraCa BIExkk,daqaM 1953 dlz 22 vicikaqaMdEdl CabJvnExrmak
bnabBI:n esayePaCnaharztg CamYy elakbZanaZibtI:raMg
d*sMxan Edl:nebIeTBekasl rbs xn yageBjTMhwg edIm|IbuBVehtu
vaMgsg GUrIyUl naz 25 minaenaHmk BHmhakStExr BuM:nTTYl nUv kar
kraCExr CaBiess enAkg karcrca kicBmeB{gTIkughSWENv qaM 1954
eyaKylGVITaMgGsBI:raMg. ekayenaHbnic BHGg< k*yageTAKg enAhVg
dlbeTs :raMg BHmhakStExr eTAKgenA La NaBUl
c|absaCazIeT[t
edIm|IpacBYkev[tmijecj BI clnasSr;Exr. enAeBlEdlBHGg<yag eTA
(La Napoule)
EdlenATIenaH BHGg<Tg BHniBnlixitmYyyagEvg sIBIkraCbribUrrbs

Exr ep\IcMeJHeTAelak vaMgsg GUrIyUl
(Vincent Auriol) bZanaZIbtI:raMg.
edayelak GUrIyUl BuM:neqIy nwglixitCabvtisas cuHz TI 5 mina qaM

1953 enaH BHGg< k*TgniBnlixitCaecIneT[t . enATIbMputelak vaMgsg
EtnWb
(Fontainebleau) EdlenATIenaH BHGg<Tg:nsesrsMbut CaecIn
yagmaMza
eTAelakvaMgsgGUrIyUl.
:raMgtUvEt
ebIkkarcrca
CamYy
edayBHGg<man
BHGg<
esckIsgwm
enAeBlxagmuxeday
xanmin:n BHGg< k*TgyagmkKgenATIkug:rIsEtmg KW enAsNaKar dW
RKIyug (De Crillon) CamYy GkGmdMeNIr rbs BHGg< . elak sg LW
tYrNU
(Jean Letourneau) rdmnI :raMgTTYlbnkxagshB&n ehIyEdl
GurIyUl :neqIytbmkvij tamry;lixitmYycuHz TI 19 mina qaM1953 .
:ntUvEtgtaMg
elak bZanaZibtI:raMg :nyagBHraCa eTAesay ePaCnahar eBlztg
enAsNaKarenaH.
kStExr :nCYbelakbZanaZibtI:raMg vaMgsg GUrIyUl dUckarkMNt buEn
raCbribUN(enH Cakal;eTs;minlesaH cMeJH:raMg k*dUcCacMeJH beTs
enA
vimaneGlIes
(Elyse). enA zBuZ TI 25 mina qaM1953 BHmha
BHraCa BMu:nTTYllTplGVI CaviCman TaMgGs BI:raMg .
BHraCbUCnIykic TamTar
kraC dMNakkar TI 2
CaGK<sgkarNcin
BHmhakStExr
k*:nGeJIj
Tgman
mksnnaCamYyRBHGg<
karxkBHraCh#T&yyagxaMg
eJH elaksgLWtYrNU :nbJakza ? kal;eTs;EdlBHGg< TamTark

kmCa.
KWza
sUmbJakza
enAeBlenaH :raMgkMBugEtCabbyuT
ebI:raMgdkkgT&BecjBIkmCa
CamYyev[tmij
etIbeTskmCamanGVIsRmabTbTlnwg
kgT&Bev[tmij EdlmankarKaMTyageBjTMhwg BI sMNakkumynIs ? enA
cMeJHmuxkarbkanTItaMg yagrwgmaMenH rbs :raMg BHmhakSt k*seRmc

yag eTAbeTskaNada nig shrd Gaemrik edIm|IpleTAoRBHraCbUCnIy
rbs BH:T neratm sIhnu
2me tape de la Croisade royale pour

lIndpendance de S.M. Norodom Sihanouk
kicTamTarkraC rbs BHGg< nUvTgTaymYyEdlmanlkN;GnrCati.
bnabBI:ndwg GMBIesckIseRmcenH rbs BHmhakStExrPam elak sg

LWtYrNU
eJHmindwgza
etIBHmhakStExr
BH:T
neratm sIhnumanyuTsas EbbNa . elak LWtYrNU k*yagBHGg<mas

munIBgS
179
mankar:rmyagxaMg
BmTaMgekaHehA
GK<sgkar:raMg
180
enAkmCa
omkTIkug:rIs
Ca
bnan edIm|IsaksYr GMBIeKalbMNg rbsBHmhakStExr . bnabBI:n
mYycMENkeT[telakesrI . Gg<karev[tmij mankarKaMTyagrwgmaM BIsMNak
sgkar:raMgenAkmCa
NaeTA? eTaHCayagNakI BHmhakStExrenAEtrkSaCMhrrbs BHGg<Canic .
snna Gsry;eBl 3 emag CamYyBHGg<mas suIsuvti munIBgS nig GK<

LWtYrNU
k*:npaMep\IeTABHmhakStExrza
omankar
kumynis dUcenH etIbeTskmCa Etmakg TbTl nwg kmynis reb[b
by&tbEyg eJHza ebImanbJaGVI BHGg<Gac nwg:tbgraCsm|ti Et
bnabBI:ncuHpSayniekbbT rbsBHGg< enAkgkaEst Gaemrik jIvyk Ezm
:ncakecjBITIkug:rIseqaHeTAbeTskaNada.
kStExr k*yageTATIkugtUk
mg. enAz10 emsaqaM 1953 BHmhakStExr BH:T neratm sIhnu k*

enAeBlEdlBHGg<
mk
(New York Times) ecjpSayenAzGaTwtTI 19 emsa qaM 1953 BHmha
(Tokyo) eT[t edIm|IrgcaM lTpl n karcrca
dlbeTskaNada BH:Tneratm sIhnu Tg:nEzg tamry;viTkaNa
rvag :raMg nigExr enATIkug:rIs . enAz 9 sPa qaM 1953 KNbtiPU
enAbeTsev[tNameT
:neZVIkarcrca yagmmajwk CamYy mnICanxs :raMg . buEnlTpl n
daza ; enAkmCa bJaclna kumynisenANcin minEmnCabJasMxan dUc

BIeJHbCaCnExr
CaGkkanliTiBuTsasna
ehIy
ksikrExrsuTEtmandIZI rbseKKbKan sRmabciJwmCIviteKpgeT[t. buEn

pyeTAvij
bCaCnExrKbrUb
EtgEt:zacg:nkraCrbseK.
bnabBI
beTskaNada BHmhakStExr :nyageTA shrdGaemrik . enATIRkugva

sIugetan BH:TneratmsIhnu
eLs
:nCYbsnna CamYy elak hVEsr Dwl
(Foster Dulles) rdmnI kabreTsshrdGaemrik. elak hVEsr
DwleLs ylza :raMgKYrEt plkraCbribUN( eTAobeTs GaNaniKm

rbseKyagqabrh&sEdr buEn elakrdmnI karbreTs Gaemrik k*:nKUs
bJakpgEdrza elakKanCMen]TalEtesaHza beTs Edl :raMg nwg pl

kraCeTAo Gacnwgman kmaMgKbKansRmabTbTl nwigkumynIs eJH
zakmaMg n KMnitCatiniym EtmYymux minKbKan TalEtesaH . cMeJH
ExrmYydwknaMedayelak Ebn nut elak sm sarI nig BHGg<masmunIert
karcrcaenaH BuM:neZVIoBHmhakStsBVBHraCh#T&yeT edayehtuza :raMg

enAEtrkSa kankab kgT&BExr dEdl eTaHbI mantYnaTItwmTIbwkSak*eday.
enAkgvis&yyutiZm( CnCati:raMg nig CnPaKtic epSg>eT[t nbeTsTaMg 3

enA Ncin:raMg
BmTaMgCnCati cin pgEdr min:ntUvdako sitenAekam
yutiZm( rbs ExreT KW :ntUvdak o sitenAekam tulakarcRmuHeTAvij .

xagEpkrUbiyvt man bJaCaecInEdl ExrBuMGacTTYlyk:n . edayminsBV
BHraCh#&y nwgkiccrca z 9 sPa enATIkug:rIs BHmhakStExr k*Tg
seRmc eZVIkarTamTar kraCbribUrbneTAeT[t CaBiessenAkgTgTay mYy

d*ZMEtmg .
beTskmCa elakhVEsr DwleLs TayTuk Camunza eBl:raMg dkxn

ecjBIkmCa
beTskmCanwgZakeTAkgkNabdkumynis
edayeKcBuMput.
dUecHeXIjza kraCbribUN(rbsExr mankarTakTg yagCitsiT CamYy nwig
karbQmmuxKa rvagmhaGMNac TaMg 2 KW kumynis mYycMENk ehIy

181
182
ehIy c|asCatUvbgMcit bKlkraC mkoExr CaBMuxan
kMENn kmaMg RbCaCatiTaMgmUl
KWsamK<IPaBpkg. ebI:n samK<IpaBpkgehIy etImanGVIGacmkeC{tECk

:neT[t KWenAslEtkarKbKgsg<mTaMg mUl eTAtamKtiyutiZm(EtbueNaH.
La mobilisation des forces vives

de la Nation le 28 juin 1953
lkxNcugekayenH CakarBi:k k*BitEmn buEneKGacniyay:nza BH:T
edaykarcrca enATIkug:rIs BMu:nhuc nUvlTpll ehIy eday
shrdGaemrik :nsMEdg nUvkarBYy:rm rbseK sIBI kraCExrenA cMeJH
muxkmaMgkumynis BHmhakStk*yagtLbmkkmCavij enAz 14 sPa
qaM 1953 dEdlenaH bnabBI :nsakGas&y enATIkugtUk GsmYyry;

eBl. cMeJHBHmhakStExr TisedAGMNwHteTA manEtmYyKt KW eZIVyagNa
bmUlkmaMgbCaCati TaMgmUlo:n eTIbGVI> GacseRmceTA:n . BHGg<man

BHGg<
nwgGaceZVIkickarenH:n
eJHkumExrsSr;kMBugEbk:kKa
ehIyxitxMerIbmHxnecj BI clnaev[tmij . emsSr; dab QYn ehA QYn

mleBC k*:ncuHcUl raCrdaPi:l taMgBI z TI 1 tula qaM 1949 mk ehIy
Edr . rI But qay nig nil eBC k* :nmksuMCkekan nwgBHbita rbsBH

Gg<eT[t. dUecHeXIjza ekABIKNbkSbCaZibety Edl kMBugEtpasbr Gk
dwknaMrbseK BHGg<GacnwgeZVIkarbgYbbgYmCati :nedaygay eJH GMNac
:nZak mkkgkNabd rbsBHGg<GseTAehIy . sUmbJakza enAeBl

enaH eTaHbIkumExrsSr; dUcCa kumcnrgSI / savag vg nigswn guk zaj
CaedIm BMuTancuHcUlBHGg<k*eday k*BYkeKBuMGaceZVIkarts)UenAkgB bneTAeT[t

eLIy enAkgkrNIEdlBHGg<GaceZVIkarbgYbbgYmCati:n eJhzaebIBHGg<
KbKgkmaMg
TaMgenaH:n
/ :raMgc|asCa
183
ehIyTnwmenaH k*
GacrkSaTiBl rbseK enAkmCa:neT[tpg . tamkarBiteTA kkasMxanbMput
enA z 28 mizuna qaM 1953
CMen]za
mankarTukcit
eTAelIrUbBHGg<
neratm sIhnu enAeBlenaH manlkN;sm|tiKbKanTaMgGs edIm|IeZVI kic

karTaMgGsenaH. eKaHzakmanEtmYyKt KWkarZakedaymindwgxneTAkgkNab
d BYkGaNaniKmniym mageT[t EdlkMBugrgcaMOkas cUltamTVarekay.

bnab BITg:nBHtmiHdUecHehIy BHmhakStExr :nbkasenA z TI 22
mizunaza BHGg< nwg eTAtaMgesnaZikardan rbs BHGg< enAExRtes[mrab KW
ExRtEdlsitenAekam karKbKgrbs GtIt emsSr;Exr QYn mleBC

ehIyEdlKanvtman n kgT&B:raMg . bnabmk enAz 14 mizuna qaM 1953
dEdlenaH BHGg< k*TgyageTATIkug:gkk .
enAeBlEdlBHGg<yagmkdlTIkug:gkk
BuM:nTTYlnUv
bdisNarkickkekAGVIBIbeTszeT
BH:Tneratm
eJHbeTsz
sIhnu
cgrkSa
TMnakTMnglCamYy:raMg. BHmhakStz PUmibul BMu:nTTYlCYbsnnaGVI Ca
mYyBHGg<eT . rIrdmnI TI 1 z Pibulsg,am k*:nbeJj nUv riyabT

yagstdakBHGg< ehIyEzmTaMghamXatBHGg< minoCYbGkkaEst enAelI
TwkdIz pgeT[t KW catTukBHGg< CaGkCkekanneya:yrYcCaesc. enAkg
eBldEdlenaH sarBt(man GnrCati :nbeJjnUvbtikm epSg> rbseK
xusBIenH. beTsNa nigbeTs PUma KaMT KMnitrbs BHmhakStExr.

enAbeTs:raMg enaHvij ekABIsarBt(man RhVgeT{r&r
(Franc Tireur)
sarBt(maneT[t :nbeJjnUv kareBbCay rbseK cMeJHskmPaB rbs

184
BH:T neratm sIhnu . sarBt(manGgeKs EdlI eteLRkahV
(Daily
Tlgraph) :nsresr dakEpp,aza ; ebIKanvtman :raMgeTenaH beTskmCa
bEhlCa
kayeTACa
beTskraCmYy
EdlrNbbeTscin
taMgBIyUr
Nas :teTAehIy . dUecHeXIjza cMeJHBHmhakStExr ckmanEtmYyeT
KW samK<IPaBpkg. bnabBI TIkug:gkk BHmhakSt
k*eZVIBHraCdMeNIr
eqaHeTAesnaZikardan rbs BHGg< enATIkuges[mrab. ekaymkeT[t enAz
28 mizunaqaM 1953 dEdl BHGg< k* yageTAExRt:tdMbg. KWenATIenaH
ehIy EdlRBHGg<bkasbEmbmUl kmaMgedIm|IRBQmmux nwg sankarNd*

Bi:kenH. BH:Tneratm sIhnu :n bkasza ; nwg eZVIkarts)U bqaMg nwg
dEdlenaH karcrca rvag :raMg nigExrk*cabepIm ehIyenAz 29 mizuna :raMg

k*bKl kraC EpkyutiZm( nig Epksnisux mkoExr . enAz17 tula qaM
dEdl beTskmCa :nTTYlkraC bribUrxagEpkeyaZa . buEneKtUv rgcaM
snisITenATIkug hSWENv eT[t eTIbGacedaHsay bJavtmankgT&Bev[tmij

enAelITwkdIExr:n .
snisIiT TIRkughSWENv qaM 1954
La Confrence de Genve de 1954
stUv KbbePT edIm|IbuBVehtu kraC Cati. karbkasenH :nTTYleCaK

C&ymYy
d*Gsar
eJHGkNak*suxcit
KaMTBHGg<Edr
rYmbJlTaMgExr
EdlCaTahan:raMgeT[tpg . BYkExrsSr;CaecIn k*:nnaMKamkKaMT BHGg<

Edr buEnkmaMgcitminKbKaneT eJH tUver[bcMGg<karcattaMg o:nl
tUvsin eTIbGaceKc BIplvi:kminl:n . edayxVH nUv Gg<karcattaMg
twm
twm
tUv GkxHeq[tykOkasenaH beg,It karrMeCIbrMCYl eBjTIkugPMeBj dUcCakar
KbRKabEbk enAtamrg<salCaedIm. enATIbMput cabtaMgBIz 3 kk,da mk

:raMg k*bnnriyabz . KYrktsMKalpgEdrza ; ktasMxan> n eCaKC&yenH
KW karecHbmUlkmaMgsamK<IPaB nbCaCatiTaMgmUlrIkarrYbrYmCati CaZgmYy

GaceZVIeTA:n
luHNaEtman
TisedAnigmUlehtu
TakTg
nwgbeyaCn
beTsCatiBitR:kd ehIyenAkgkrNIenH KW kraCTaMgmUlrbsCati Etmg.

kalNa bCaCatiTaMgmUl naMKa ekakQr dUcmnusSEtmak KW CakarZanamYYy
d*ZM eJHGVIEdleK xac bMput KWkarbQmmux dakKageTAvijeT EdlCa

ehtu eZVIostUvGaceq[t Okasbeg,Itsg<ampkg . enAExsIha qaM 1953
185
enAz 9 vicika qaM 1953 bnabBI :raMg:nbKlsmtkic Epk tula
kar hirJvt nig eyaZamkoExrsBVKbehIy BHmhakStExr k*:nbkas

kraCCati edaytbgg . enHCaBwtikarNmYy d* sMxanenAkg bvtisas
Exr. taMgBIeBlenaHmk BH:T neratm sIhnu :ntUveKTTYls<al zaCa

virbursCati CaBHbita n kraCCati . eTaHCayagenHkI k*BHGg< enAEt bn
TTYlkarriHKn BIsMNak vrCnneya:yExrmYycMnYnEdr edayehtuza beTs

kmCa enAEtsitenAkgshPaB:raMg dEdl. dUcenH kraCExrenABuMTanman
lkN;bribUN(enAeLIy. mYyvijeT[t karEdlBHmhakStExrhakbIdUcCaBuM
sUv pltm bunaneTAosartI n rdZmnuJExr qaM 1947 vrCn TaMgenaH k*naM
KaeZVIkarts)UbnmkeT[t edaycatTukza kraC EdlBHmhakSt :nbkas
enAz 9 vicika Ca kraCEkgbnM pgeT[t . bJvnExr mYycMnYn dUcCaelak

ekg vansak CYn mum elak suk ZYk saLt sr CaedIm Edl:nvil
tLbmk BIsuk:raMgCabnbnab cab taMgBI qaM 1952 mk k*:nnaMKa beg,It

186
CakumbqaMgmYy. TnwmKaenaHEdr bJvn mYycMnYneT[tBmTaMgGkneya:y
snisITTIkughSWENv Edl:ncabepIm BIz 26 emsa rhUtdl
GPirkSExrsMxan>yleXIjzaedayBHmhakStExrman kitanuPaBl|Il|aj
z 21-22 kk,da qaM1954 :nyksMNMuer]gsMxan> mkedaHsay KW bJa
nigmanGMNacd*xaMgkaEbbenH eKBMuGaclubtYnaTI deNImykGMNac BIBHGg<
beTskUerTaMg 2 nigbJaNcin. beTs Edl:ncUlrYmkgGg<bCMu man
hUtdleBlOkasl hucoEtmg .
beTs :raMg BmTaMgbeTsTaMgLay EdlCabTakTin . rI bJa nItiviZI
:n edaygay enaHeT. yuTsasl manEtmYybueNaH KWKaMRT RBHmhakSRt

KWenAkgn&y enHehIy Edlelak sm sarI seRmcrYbrYmCamYy elak
CaGaT ; shrd Gaemrik beTsGgeKs shPaB sUev[t beTscin
sIBI kartMNagclna ts)UsMxan>enAkgbeTsTaMg 3 enANcin :necaT
jwk CULg elak ln nl nig GkGg<massirimt; EdlsuTEt CaGkEdl
eLIgCabJa d*BuHkeJl. sUmbJakza snisITenH :ntUvebIkeLIgenAeBl
elak sm sarI CabJvnExrmYyrUb EdlmancMeNHviCa d*xs ehIyEdlman
eJl KWsnisIT GnrCatimYy Edlsakl|g edaHsaykarbECgkmaMg rvag
tUveKcatTuk enAeBlenaH za manPkIPaB 100 PaKrycMeJHBH mhakSt.

eKalCMhrrwgbwugbMput kgkarEsVgrk kraCbribUN( Bit:kdmkoExr KWeZVIGVI
KbEbbyagedIm|Ipac beTskmCaodacecj BI shPaB :raMgEtmg ehIy
kgeBlCamYyKaenaH edjGkts)Uev[tmij oecjGsBITwkdIExrpgeT[t. enA
EdlkgT&Bev[tmij kMBugmaneb{b eTAelI kgT&B:raMg enA eD[n eb[n PU
elakTaMgBIr KW elakkumynis nig elakesrI . enA z 7 sPa qaM 1954

kgT&B :raMg TTYlbraC&y TaMgsug CaehtubNalo elak mgeds RhVg
(Pierre Mends France) RbZanRkumRbwkSardmnI:raMgenAsm&y RbZanaZibtI
z 7 emsa qaM 1954 KW CagmYyExekayeBl EdlemsSr;Exr GkGg<
ruWeNkUTI :ncuHhtelxaeTAelIkicBmeB{g yuTsniPaB
:nbeg,It rdaPi:lzImYyEdlman RBHGg<Ca
KamYyyagZM rvag elak Gg zUnI eGedn
mas neratm cnrgSI nig savag vg :ncuHcUl rdaPi:l/ RBHmhakSRtExr
Rbmux. enAeBlenaH kgT&Bev{t
mij :neZIVskmPaByagxaMg eJH enA smrPUmi eD[n eb[n PU beTsev[t

Nam :raMg kMBugEtTnd yagxaMg . enAz 12 emsa qaM1 954 enaHkg
T&BB ev[tmij :nvaybhar eTAelI rzePIgPMeBj_:tdMbg yageXareXA
(Armistice) mYyo
:nmunz 20 kk,daqaMdEdl. buEn karTamTarenH :neZVIoman karExVgKMnit
(Anthony Eden) rdmnIkarbreTs
GgeKs enAeBlenaH nigrdmnIkarbreTs Gaemrik hVEsr DileLs
(Foster
Dulles) . enAmuneBlebIk snisIT TIkughSWENv shrd Gaemrik cgpl
CMnYyeyaZa eTAo:raMg enAkgkrNIEdlbeTsGgeKsylBmpgEdr buEn
buEn KWwenAeBlenaHEdr EdlBHmhakStExr BH:Tneratm sIhnu dwknaM Rbti
beTsGgeKsBuMBm eJH xacsg<amraldal hYsRBMEdn. sUmbJakza
karsamK<I
Gaemrik KanvtmanenAkgGg<bCMueT ehIyenAeBlGg<bCMuQanmkdlTIbJb
btikarswk rujcankgT&Bev[tmij. btibtikarswkenaH maneQaHza
btibti
(Opration-Samakki). buEn TalEtekaykicBmeB{gTIkug hSW
ENv eTIbbJaenH :ntUvedaHsay .
187
enAeBlEdl snisIT TIkughSWENv Qan eTAdlTIbJb GktMNagshrd
KwenAz TI 21 kk,da shrd Gaemrik k*BMuBmcuHhtelxa eTAelIkicBmeRB{g

TIRkughSWENveT[t . elak hVEsr DileLs
188
(Foster Dulles) dkxneTA
er[bcMEpnkarmYy KW er[bcMbB&n karJrmYy enAGasuI edIm|ITbTlnwg kumy
snisITTIkughSWENv qaM1954 EdlcabepImebIksm&ybCMu enAz 26
nis KW Gg<karsnisJa GasIu GaeKy EdlmaneQaHza GUtas . snisJa
emsa :nyksMNuMer]g Ncin mkCECkBiPakSaenAz 8 sPa KW bnabBI
(O. T. A. S. E) :ntUv cuHhtelxaenAz 8 kJa qaM 1954 dEdl
karcrca sIBIbJa beTskUerTaMg 2 :nTTYlbraC&y . karBinit sMNuMer]g
mansartI rwgbwug minxac nwgbQmmuxdak beTsmhaGMNac edaytg>
enAcMeJHmux kgT&B ev[t mij enA eD[n eb[n PU. edayEpk eTAelIksar
GUtas
enATIkugmanIl. sIBI bJaTakTg nwig beTskmCa
/ eday elak sm sarI
beTskmCa k* :nTTYlkraCeBjlkN; KW :nTTYl siTisV&yseRmc

KbKanTaMgGs. elak sm sarI CaGkcrcaExrmak d* sVitsVajbMput kug
Ncin :ncabepImbBwteTAmYyz ekaykardkzycuHcaj nkgT&B:raMg

rbs elak hVIlIB dWvIlIey
(Philippe Devilliers)
nig elaksg LaKUtYr
(Jean La Couture) x\MsUmeZVIkarBiBN(na GMBI dMeNIr bBwtTA n Gg<snisIT
karTamTarsiTi d*sMxanenH sRmab kraC bribUrBit rbsExr . tamry;
hSWENv qaM 1954 dUcteTA ?
GVITaMgGseTAnwig yuTsas rbs :raMg . buEneTaHCayagenHkI edaybkar
obJbkarbyuTKa edayman karZanatwmtUv buEnkarGnuvtn kicBm eB{g
epSg> karbwgEbg rbs elak sm sarI :n tUvrlaysabsUn GseTA
tUvsitenA ekamkartYtBinit rbs KNkmaZikar GnrCatinana . TTwmenaH
29
mkcUlrYmkgGg<snisIT ZanakarGnuvtn kicBmeB{genaHEdr . xagGkcrca
siTienH ExrGaceCiserIs ykbeTsNa Casm&nmiRt k*:nEdr KW minrNb
vijenA eBlekaymkeT[t . enAkgrdaPi:l semc neratm sIhnu na z

kk,da
qaM1953
dl
22
vicika
qaMdEdl
elakeZIVCardmRnIxag
snisIT . enAqaM 1959_1960 elak kayeTACaGkRbqaMg nwg neya:y
rbs semc neratm sIhnu EdlereTArkelakkumynis.
briyakas n snisIT
TIkughSWENv
qaM 1954
elakb)IdUlt
elak
b)IdUlt*
(Bidault) rdmnIkarbreTs:raMg enAeBlenaH :nesI sMu
(Bidault) k* :nesIsMu ord 2 eT[t n Ncin Edl:n
:raMg eKsuxcitelIkeLIg EtBIbraC&y:raMg xagEpkeyaZa EtmYymux . xag

Epkneya:y :raMg TTYls<al Etrdev[tNam Edl:ntUvTTYls<al Ca
pv karbueNaH KW minBmeZVIkarcrca edaypalCamYy Gg<kar ev[tmijeT eTaH

bI manvtman n GktMNagGg<karenH enAkgGg<bCMu kI . elak paM van dug
GktMNag Gg<karev[tmij :nesIsMuoGVIEdlelakehAza rdaPi:lbCaZib
ety nbeTsTaMgBIreT[t KW ExrsSr; nig Gg<kar beTslav cUlrYmkg
Lambiance de la Confrence de
Genve de 1954
Gg<bCMupgEdr edaysMGagza rdaPi:lTaMgenaH :nrMedaH TwkdI n RbeTs

rbseK :nCaecIntMbnrYceTAehIy. elak paM van dug :nbJakza ; eKmin
Gacniyay BIGnaKt nRbeTskmCa nig RbeTs lavedayKanrdaPi:lTaMg

enaHeT. enAeBlenaH elak mULtuhV
189
(Molotov) rdmnI karbreTs shPaB
190
sUev[t nig elak CU eGnLay rdmnI karbr eTsbeTscin bCamanitu
Eden) k* bkas biTGg<bCMusin ehIy karCECkbn nwgbBwteTA enAz 10
(Bedell Smith) xagGktMNag shrd Gaemrik canecalsMeNI rbs
bneTAeT[t rhUtdlz 21 kk,da . buEn enAratIz TI 21-22 kk,daenaH
snisIT :ntUvseRmcmunrYcGsehIy. enAeBlenaH karcbUkcbl mYy
cMNucsMxan> EzmeT[t KW kraC EdlGnrCatiTaMgmUltUvTTYls<al .
KaMTesckIesI rbsGktMNagGg<karev[tmijTaMgsug . buEn elak ebEdl

suIt
elak paM van dug TaMgsugEdr eday sMGagza bJa GktMNag enAkgGg<
:nEsgecjeLIg . elak b)IdUl
(Bidault) GktMNag:raMg :nniyayza;
etIGg<bCMutUvniyaycrcaCamYy rdaPi:lexac k*yagNa? elak paM van
dug eqIytb nwig elak b)IdUl vijza ; kalBImun elak b)IdUl k* EtgEtcat
Tukza rdaPi:l n saZarNrd bCaZibetyev[tNam Ca rdaPi:lexac

dUecHEdr . bnabmkelak sm sarI GktMNag beTskmCa :nEzgbJak
za ; rdaPi:lbCaZibety
elak paM
n bk
beTskmCa eJlKW clnaExrsSr; Edl
vandug :nelIk eLIgenaH manenAEtkgGarmN rbs bNardmnI
(Bloc) xagekItEtbueNaH. enAkgbriyakasGabGY n Gg<RbCMu TIkug
hSWENv qaM 1954 enaH tmesnIy ebEdl sIt
shrd Gaemrik nig elak GgzUnI eGedn
(Bedell Smith) xagPaKI
(Anthony Eden) GktMNag
beTsGgeKs :nesIoykbJaenHeTACECkenAkgGg<bCMu nbNa beTs

mha GMNac enATIkugEb)rLaMg
(Berlin) . buEn elak mULtuhV (Molotov)
Ex sPadEdl. eTaHbImankarExVgKMnitKa GMBI nItiviZIkI k* Gg<bCMu:nbBwt

elak sm sarI :neZVIkartva yagtwgEtg edIm|Ipl eTAo kraCExr nUv
mYyqMaekaymk KWenAz 14 kJa qaM 1955beTskmCa
ocUleTAkg
Gg<kar
shbCaCati
. rI
:ntUvGnuJat
neya:yGBakwtPaB
rbs
BHmhakSt BH:T neratm sIhnu k*:ntUveKTTYlylBmpgEdr enA

eBlCamYyKaenaH . sUmbJakza snisIT TIkughSWENv qaM 1954 :n
kMNtnUvkicBmeB{g sMxan> manCaGaT ? cMeJHNcin karer[bcMkare:H

qatsPa karEbgEckbeTsev[tNam Card 2 dacBIKa eday kRmit yktg
ExSsbTI 17 . kgT&Bev[tmijTaMgGs Edl:neZVIbtibtikar enAkmCa tUv
dkecj BI TwkdIkmCa TaMgGs kgezrevla 3 Ex
rI kgT&Bev[tmij Edl
eZVIbtibtikar enAev[tNamxagt|g tUvdakGavuZ ehIy cUlrYmrs kgsg<m

CaCnsIuvil . sUmktsMKalza kicBmeB{g TIkughSWENv eTaHbIBMu:ntUv
shrdGaemrik cuHhtelxakI k*Ca karedaHbJa karbECgkmaMg rvag mha

GMNac xaglic nig mhaGMNac xagekIt :nmYyry;eBlEdr eJH tam
xag shPaB sUev[t eqIyza ; ebIykbJaenHeTACECk rvag RbeTsmha
karBiteTA KWKanEtCa karQbsRmakmYyeBl EtbueNaHeT. eTaHCa yag
tUvman beTs mhaGMNac 5
GactUvedaHsayeTA:n KWTalEtman karcrca rvag beTs mhaGMNac
GMNac enATIkugEb)rLaMg KW minEmnCECk rvagmhaGMNac 4 bueNaHeT Et

eJH beTscin bCamanitu k* manEcgyag
c|as enAkgGtbT TIkugEb)rLaMgEdr ehIybeTscin CabeTsmhaGMNac

Edl:n GeJIj saZarNrd bCaZibety ev[tNamocUlrYmkgGg<bCMu
pgEdr. edaykarCECkrkckecjmineXIj elak GgzUnI eGedn
191
(Anthony
enHkI eKseg,teXIjza bJadkkgT&BbreTs bJa kraC GBakwtPaB

eBalKW karylBmBIGVIEdl enAkger]gburaNExr eKEtgEt ehAza BBYkeTv;
BHRn BHBh mag nig mageT[t BBYk Gsura KW BBYkykSa dUcCa
RkugraBN Tsmux CaedIm .
192
CMBUk 5
RsukExrZakeTAkgGnak
dMeNIreqaHeTArk PaBrNb
nwg GaNaniKmniymzI
Dans lorbite du
nouveau colonialisme
rbselakkumynis
eRkayeBl:nkraC BI:raMg shRbtibtikar vb|Zm( nig beckeTs
rvagRbeTsTaMgBIr enAEtmanbneT[t. buEn clnaExrkumynis bnvayRbhar

eTAelITiBl:raMg kanEtxaMgEzmeT[t. enAedImdMbUg BYkeK:nbMpusclna
Catiniym bnabmk riHKnRbB&nesdkicmUlZnniym nig GMeBIBukrlYy RBm

TaMgreb[brsenAEbbskiPUmi rbs mRnIraCkar . TnwmenaH es[vePA TsSnavdI
RBmTaMgExSPaByn mkBI RbeTskumynis :nRtUvpSBVpSay enAkgraCZanI.

nisSit nig bJvnEdlecjmkBI RsTabsg<mGkRkIRk eZVIkareXasna KMnit
eqVgniym tamlTPaB EdleKGaceZVIeTA:n. rImUlbT KWW yutiZm(sg<m nig
karvileTArkvb|Zm(Cativij edayriHKn karsikSavb|Zm(:raMgtamry;GkniBn
bevNI:raMgZM>
(les grands auteurs classiques franais) yagcasd ehIy
oer[nRtwm reb[brsenA RbcaMz rbs :raMg tamry; es[vePA

bueNaH.
Mauger
enAviTal&y sisSEdl:nRtUveKGbrMosbexIm:raMg :nnaMKark
elsRKbEbbyag edIm|IcabeTaskMhus BYksaRsacar:raMg eTaHbIGkTaMg

enaH CaGkeqVgniymkI. GksikSaPasa:raMg EdlZab:ndwgBI bdivtn:raMg
nastvtSr TI 18 k*ylza karriHKn rbsBYkExrRkhm minxusEdr. tam kar

193
194
Bit enABIeRkay skmPaBTaMgenaH KW man karbeg,It clnaneya:ymYyd*ZM.
enHRKb>KaenaHeT CaBiess GkdwknaMkumynisenHEtmg EdlyledayP&n
k*cabepImenAeBlenaHEdr. kRmitBicarNarkehtupl tamEbbbTskl tam
eKGacniyay:nza esrIPaB CaGuksIuEhSn nkarrIkceRmIn ehIyCa zamBl
rsenA esrIniym
karRtYtBinit
clna
exmryankm nigkarlubEpker[nxagTsSnviCaenAzakbJbviTal&y
reb[b rbsbsimRbeTsk*cabepImcuHzybnibmg>. xagvis&yesdkic reb[b
(comportement libral) EdlEpkeTAelIsmtPaBbuK<l
:n RtUvCMnYsedayerb[brsenA tam EbbbTsg<mniym KW ecHCYyykGasa
Ka eTAvijeTAmk . enATIbMput karmanTMnukTukciteTAelIkarxMRbwgERbg edayxn

g nig karpcepIKMnitepSg>
(initiatives) :nRtUveKcatTukzaCa KMnitbuK<l
niym Gataniym. putBIkarGbrMEdl:raMg:nTuko eKeXIjmanEtkarbeg,It
RkumbkSBYkbueNaH. cas> xHEdldwger]genH k* rkRKUbeRg{nkUnbEnm BI kar

sikSaenAsala k*TUnankUnoxMts)Uedayxng KWer[no:neRcInbMput edIm|I
xng nig edIm|IGacplviPaKTano:nRtwmRtUv dlsg<mCati enAeBlGna
Kt. KWenAeBlenaHEdr Edlsemc neratm sIhnu Rbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa
RcLMza
GaceZVIomankarrIkceRmInEpksg<m:n.
d*xaMka buEnebIeRbIzamBlenHminRtUv KW karbeNaytamkmaMg rbsvaedayKan
(drapage non contrl) k*GacmankarGnrayEdr. rIGMNac
packar karbMbiTsiTi n karKit nig karbeJjKMnit KWeRb{b:neTA nwg kar

xbdegImbJa. bJa Ca clkr sMxanbMput n GriyZm( rbs mnusSCati.
neya:y enAkg beTskmCa
ekay kicBmeB{g TIkughSWENv qaM 1954
Situation politique interne aprs les Accords

De Genve de 1954
rwtcMNgemRtIPaB yagxaMg CamYy bNa RbeTssg<mniym CaBiess Ca

mYyRbeTscinRbCamanitu ehIyeRbIR:sbJCneqVgniymEdl:neZVIkarsikSa
karbMbiTsiTiesrIPaBbuK<l
zekaykarcuHhtelxaeTAelIkicBmeB{gTIRkughSWENv
enARsuk:raMg. GkGPirkS nig GksaMniymGPirkS :ncuHTilyagxaMgeRJH
kStExrBH:Tneratm
eKcatTukzaCa GkmincuHcMeNam nwgeKgeT[tpg. eBlenaH GkdwknaMeqVg
dkecj. enAkgrdaPi:l naz 1 sIhaqaM 1954 enaH eKBMueXIjman eQaH
RbeTs. karBit bnabBIRbeTscin kumynis:nseRmcEbreTArklTimUlZn
Ebn nut mun :ntUvbKleTAoelak jwk CULg nigelak Xwwm Twt :n
za GVI>suTEtRbCaPizutTaMgGs. bdivtn sg<mniym Ca tmKti buEn karBit
rdmnITTYlbnk xagsuxaPi:lpgEdr . rIGkGg<mas neratm mugtaNa
Etneya:yRbCaPizutenH rbsGkeqVgniym. rIGkRsLajesrIPaB k*RtUv
sIhnu
:nEtgtaMg
BHmha
rdaPi:lmYyzIeT[tdwknaMeday
elak Ebn nut dEdl buEnEdl smaCikmYycMnYn n rdaPi:lmun :ntUv
niym ylza RbeTscin kalsm&y emAniymenaH manGnaKtl Cagbsim
elak
jwk
CULgeT.
ParkicxagkarJrbeTsEdlenAkgrdaPi:l
elak
niymvijsin ehIybnabBIesdkic shPaB sUev[tdYlrlM eTIbeK:nyl
ZakeTAkgkarTTYlxustUvrbs elak ega h)U EdlenAeBlCamYyKaenaH k*Ca
KW Ca tmKti EdlminGacQandleLIy drabNa mnusSBMuTanmantmKti
EdlmantYnaTICa rdmnIsuxaPi:l nig sg<mkic nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti
195
196
sSrU EdlenAkgrdaPi:lelak Ebn nut naz 8 emsa Ca rdmnIGbrMCati
tYtBinit rbs KNkmaZikartYtBinitGnrCati. kum TI 2 EdlmanCaGaT ;
eQaHenAkgrdaPi:l naz 1 sIha qaM 1954enaHEdr. GkEdledIrtYsMxan>
eTAbeg,It clna lYclakmYyeT[t enAelI TwkdIkmCa . KWGkTaMgenaHehIy
ppg xagkarbreTspg xagsnisITpg. GkGg<masneratm viriya TTYlnaTI
sYn Ekv mas nig Ebn yuT CaedIm :nnaMKabeg,It KNbkSneya:y
nig eXasnakar k*:ntUvdkecjEdr . rI elak sm sarI k* BuMeXIj man

enAkgrdaPi:lenaHmanCaGaT ; elak eTB pn Edl tUvTTYlbnk xagmha
CardelxaZikar karJrCati nig karJr pbeTsdEdl . elak Eym sMbU
TTYlbnkxag zvika JNiCkm elak buk ZYn yutiZm( elak swum va sa
ZarNkar KmnaKmn nig ksikm elak pU eRB]g GbrMCati nig vicitsil|;

elak GU QWn TTYlbnkxagesdkic bnmkeT[t. enAkgrdaPi:lenH ekA
BIGkGg<mas neratm viriya eKseg,t eXIjmanrdelxaZikar 5eT[t KW elak
TU samut es{v ehg nYn Ca esa Pwm NI saran CaedIm :nnaMKaeKcxn

EdlCaslmundMbUgbgs n clnaExrkhm.
kum TI 3 Edlman ng
twmtUvtamc|abmYy EdlmaneQaHza KNbkSbCaCn ehIy Edlet{m
lkN; cUlrYm kgkare:HeqatsPa enAeBlxagmux KW kare:HeqatsPa
Edl:ntUvkMNt eday kicBmeB{g TIkughSWENv ehIy EdlTalEtmk

dlEx kJa qaM 1955 eTIb:ntUver[bcM. sUmbJakza enAkgeBldEdl
enaH clna lYclak EdldwknaMeday TU samut es{v ehg nYn Ca esa
:l CYn elak eGg h)un elak eTB yut nig elak yU Qwn . enAkg
Pwm nig NI saran :nbeg,ItKNkmaZikar cMnYn 18 KW 17 enA tamextnana
enAz 12 sIha KNkmaZikarcRmuH tYtBinitBMbTl :nmktaMgTI enAExRt
kmaZikar TaMg 17 Edlbg,bxnenAtamExRt_tMbn nana ehIy EdleKehAza
ry;eBl 5 ExcugqaM 1954 enaH manBwtikarN 6 EdlKYroktsMKal .
sVayer[g . 15 zekaymk KW enA z TI 27 Ex sIha TIkug vasIugetan
(Washington) :nbJnGkCMnajkar xageyaZa xag hirJvt-esdkic nig
ehIy KNkmaZikar mCim beNaHGasnmYy dwknaMeday es{v ehg . KN

KNkmaZikarCnbT sitenAekamkarTTYlxustUvrbs TU samut. GkEdl
eZVIbtibtikar neya:ylYclak TaMgenaH EdlenArkSa eQaH
bkSbCaCn
xagvb|Zm( CaecInrUb mkTIkugPMeBj edIm|ImkCYy er[bcM beTsExr CMnYs
bdivtkmCa
RbeTskmCa ZakeTAkgkNabd bkkumynis
(Bloc communiste) . bIEx
Na:nGeJIjmkeZVI TsSnkic enAkmCa edIm|I elIkTwkcit oBHmhakSt
P.P. R.K. KWclnaExrsSr;EdlmYyEpk:nTTYlkarhVwkhVWn
KWExSbnatneya:y EdlbsimbeTsKanCMen]TalEtesaHza Gacman CMhr
:raMg. shrd Gaemrik enAeBlenaH man karBYy:rmyagxaMg xacEkg
ekaykarcuHhtelxa eTAelIkicBmeB{gTIkughSWENv bkSbCaCnbdivtExr

EdleKehAza
BIGg<karev[tmij :nEbkecjCa bIkum. kumTI 1 Edlman sWg guk mij
Ekv munI mIu pU, rtn saem]n nig Ebn suvN BmTaMgyuTCn cMnYn BIrJn
dEdl k* man TMnakTMngCitsiT nwig
enA qaM 1954
KNbkSbCaCn
Edr .
dEdlenaH enAz 31 tula elak enhru rdmnI TI 1 beTs
Exr eCIserIsyk ExSbnat GBakwtPaBehIy mincUlbkSsm&nNaTaMgGs
rwgbuwgeTAekIt enAcMeJHmux TiBl d*xaMgkarbs bkkumuynis (Bloc
commu-
niste) enAeBlenaH. eTaHCayagenHkI k* RbeTskmCa KanCeRmIsGVI eRkABI
R:MrynakpgEdr :ntUvbJneTATIkughaNUy beTsev[tNam ekam kar
neya:y GBaRkwtPaBenHEdr . buEn RbkarKYroesaksay KW za enAeBl
197
198
enaH clnakumynis mankmaMg TiBld*xaMg enAkgtMbn CaehtueZVIoRbeTs
elak eG[r suIcUv :nkayeTACaGkdwknaMsMxan n KNbkSRbCa Zibety.
. eTaHbIbsimRbeTs xitxMxHExg CYysaryagNakI k*Ca kartRbeyaCn.
pgEdr. enAeBlEdl BHmhakSRtExrRBH:Tneratm sIhnu RTgyagRtLb
enANcin shrd Gaemrik k*tUvTTYlbraC&y CabnbnabEdr enAeBlekay
:nEbkecjCa 2 Rkumbdibk nwg Ka KWRkummYyrbs elak Ebn nut ehIy
kmCa ZakeTAkgreNAd* EsneRCA nkarTUt rbs RbeTskumynis TaMgRsug
mageT[t enAkgsg<am rvagRbeTsev[tNamkumynis nig shrd Gaemrik

mkeT[t .
munkarvivtnmkdldMNakkarenH manRBwtikarNmYycMnYneT{t KYroktsMKal
mk BIbreTsvij rdaPi:l EdldwknaM edayelak Ebn nut enAeBlenaH

kummYyeT[t Cakum rbs elak can Nak Edlman critkraC Kan bkS
BYk buEn EdlesaH nwg RBHmhakSRt. enAz 14 vicika qaM enaH elak Ebn
nut tUvbgMcit laElgBImuxtMENg ehIyenAz
RBwtikarN sMxan> enA qaM 1955
16 vicika RBHmhakSRt:n
EtgtaMg rdaPi:lzImYyeT[t dwknaMeday elak can Nak ehIyEdlman

elak sWn san CaGnubZan. buEn 2 z ekaymk rdaPi:lenH hakbI dUc
munnwgQan eTAdlBwtikarNsMxan> n qaM 1955 x\MsUmrMkeLIg
Caeh[b EtrlayeTAvij eJHelak sWn san :nsMulaElg BI muxtMENg
rYmbJl
bnaykrdmnI. buEnseRmcsRmYleTA rdaPi:l elak can Nak rkSaxn
:raMg mkvijenAExtula qaM 1951 buEn Edl:nrtcUlBenAz 9 ExminaqaM
smaCikrdaPi:l enaHEdr . buEn bJaEdlecaT eLIgenAeBlenaH KW TMnas
cUv Pk ex[v CMu
niym CaBiessTMnasrvag elak hak mug esg eqVgniym nig elak Eym
vijzaemExrsSr;CaecIn:ncuHcUlraCrdaPi:l
swgEtTaMgGs
EdlBHmhakSt:nedaHElg otLbBIsuk
:nvijdEdl rI GktMNag KNbkSbCaZibety mYycMnYn k* manmuxCa
1952 kugeKaledA dwknaM clnasSr; enAPMdgErkCamYy elak eG[r sIu
rvag GkRbCaZibetyeqVgniym eC]nel]nniym nig GkbCaZibety esrI
elak ebg Kit elak XI taMg lwm elak DYg can sarat nig elak lav
sMbU saMniym .
RBHmhakSRt buEnenAz 2 vicika RBHmhakSRt :nTatecal esckIesIsMu
GkbCaZibety minylBm BI vtman rbselak Xwm Twt enAkg rda
TaMgelak sWn guk
zaj
elak yU eh[g elak hgS Zun hak elak GIuv yag
TansuW. enAeBlsMucuHcUlraCrdaPi:l elak sWn guk zaj :nsMucUl Kal
edayrdaPi:lrYbrYmbkS
rbselak
can
Nak
manvibti
eJHEt
enH . RBwtikarNmYyeT[t enAcugqaM 1954 enaH KW karbeg,It ZnaKar kNal
Pi:l> enaHk*tUvrlayeTAvij. enAedImqaM 1955 KWenA z 25 mkra BH
sMxan> ekamkardwknaMedaypal rbsBH:T neratm sIhnu cabepImBIqaM
ecIn nsmaCik rdaPi:lenH suTEtCaGkEdltUveKcatTuk enAeBlenaH za
ExrmYyEdlmaneQaHza ZnaKarCati kmCa . sUmktsMKalza karERbRbYl
mhakSt :nEtgtaMgrdaPi:lmYyeT[t dwknaMedayelak eLg Egt. PaK
1955. enAedImqaM 1955 enaH elak CYn mum elak ekg van sak nig
CaGkesaHRtg nwg RBHraCa dUcCaelak pU eRB}g elak R:k R: eRB}g
199
200
GkGg<mas sirimt; elak nal Epg elak CYb sMLt elak emA cy
kSRt n RbeTs kmCa :nseRmccuHecjBIraCbl&g< ehIy RbKlraCsm|ti
eNasI CaedIm . KWenAkgsm&yrdaPi:l elak eLg Egt enH ehIy Edl
suraRmit nig RBHmhakSRtIyanI kusm;:nTTYltYnaTI CaRBHmhakSRt n
RbCaraRsExrza etIBHraCebskkm TamTarkraCrbs RBHGg< mankareBj
neya:y CamYyKNbkSneya:y nanaeT{t enAeBle:HeqatsPa enA
elak Eym sMbU GkGg<mas mugtaNa elak G)Mu eQ[g s)un elak muI
BHmhakSRtExr BH:T neratm sIhnu :ner[bcMRbCamtimYy edIm|IsaksYr
cit BIsMNak bCanuraseT ? eyageTAtam RbCamtienAz 7 kum;enaH

bCaCnExrcMnYn 99, 80 % :nsMEdgkareBjcit rbs eK . buEnenAkgry;
eBl 6 ExedImqaM 1955 enaH KW munkare:HeqatsPa naz TI 11 kJa man
BwtikarN mYycMnYn Edl:nrujcan oman karERbRbYl CamUldan enAkg
zVayeTARBHbita nigRBHmata rbsRBHGg<. taMgBIeBlenaHmk RBH:T neratm
RbeTskmCa . rI RBH:T neratm sIhnuvij RBHGg< er{bcMeZVIkarRbyuT
eBlxagmux . enA z 23 Ex mina qaM 1955 RBHGg< :nbeg,It clna

neya:y mYy maneQaHza sg<mraRsniym .
sab&n neya:yExr . enA z 19 kum; KW 2 s:h eRkaykare:Heqat
KeRmagkar EkTRmg rdZmnuJExr
RbCamti RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:TneratmsIhnu :ner[bcMeZVIkarEkTmgsab&n
Le Projet de Rforme de la Constitution
dwknaMsMxan> enAkgRbeTs . buEn EpnkarEkTRmg enaH BMu:nTTYlkaryl
RBm BIKNbkS bCaZibetyeT . edaykarEkTRmg CaRbvtisasenaH man
sar;sMxan eyIgnwgelIkGMBIsMNuMer]genH enATMB&reRkay . KWwenAeBlenaH Edr

Edl
clna
ExresrI
ecjrUbrageLIgenARBMbTlz
KW
clnaEdlman
shrd Gaemrik KaMRT ehIyEdlman elak sWn guk zaj CaGkdwknaM.
clnaExresrI enAeBlenaH mankgT&B RbmaN 2 Jn nak . enA z 28 Ex

km; qaM 1955 dEdl enaH elak hVEsr DiileLs
(Foster Dulls) rdmnI
kStExr
GUtas
karbreTs Gaemrik :nmk eZVITsSnkicenAkmCa edIm|IbJHbJlo BHmha

RBH:Tneratm
sIhnu
cUleTAkgGg<kar
(O.T.A.S.E.)
KW
bkSsm&n Gaemrik RbqaMgnwg kmynisenAGasuI . buEnBH:Tneratm sIhnu
:nRbEkkdacGhg,ar. BIr_bI z eRkaymk RBwtikarNmYy Edl:neZVIoman

karPa\kepIl yag xaMg
:nEsgecjeLIg. RBH:T neratm sIhnu RBHmha

201
cabtaMgBIExkum;qaM 1955 RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T neratm sIhnu

xitxM BRgwgGMNac rbsBHGg< edaykatbnyCabzm nUvtYnaTI nigTiBl
rbs rdsPa . KWcabtaMgBIeBlenaH mkehIy Edl rdZmnuJ qaM 1947
:ntUver[bcMEkERb.
ekaykare:HeqatRbCamti
naz
kum;bnic
RbCa
CnExr enAtamPUmi-XMunana :ncattaMg KNRbtiPUrbseK oeZVIdMeNIr mk

TIkugPMeBjedIm|IesIsMu
oBHraCa
dwknaMRbeTs
edaypalRBHGg<
Etmg.
RBH:Tneratm sIIhnu RTgRbEkknwgesckIesIsMuenH buEnRBHGg< :n snaza

nwig er[bcMtakEtg rdZmnuJmYyeT[t
eRJHRBHGg<eQVgylza reb[brbb
n RbB&nlTiRbCaZibety tamEbbbsimbeTs BMusbeTAnwg sg<mExreT.
enAz 19 kum; qaMdEdlenaH RBHmhakSRt RTg:nGeJIj Gg<TUt KN
kmaZi kartYtBinitGnrCati EtgtaMgedaykicRBmeRB{gTIkughSWENv smaCik

202
rdaPi:l nig TIRbwkSaraCbl&g,TaMgGs omkcUlrYmRbCMu . Gsry;eBl 3
Rbv&JkmaMg Blkm eKc|asCa BMuRBmyk yutiZm( nig sartIsamK<IPaB
RbvtisasmYy sIBI karEkTRmgrdZmnuJqaM 1947 . RBHGg<TgmanRBHraC
EdleRcInEtpy BItmKti . buEnedayylc|as GMBI RkwtRkmenH eKal
bkYtbECgKakanGMNac oeTACalTiRbCaZibety mYyEbb EdlRbCaCn
eBkEdr EtCa eKalkarN esrIniymzImYy Edlsakl|gRbECg nwig RTwsI
ylza KW CakarkanGMNacpackarEtmg eRJHza ebI Kan KNbkSneya:y
RBHmhakSRt eKnwgseg,teXIjza sg<mExr Gacpl sirPaBpkgl buEn
emag RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T neratm sIhnu RTg:neTs KeRmagkar Ca

bnlCaGaTza ; RBHGg< nwgERbkayrbb neya:y Edlman bkSneya:y
Exr Gacyl:nyagsYl. cMeJH KeRmagkar n karEkTRmgenH mtixH
sRmabtMNagplRbeyaCn ninakar nig TsSn;epSg> rbsRbCaCn nig

mCdannana n sg<meTenaH KWKanGVIekABI rbb RbCaniymeT
(populisme) .
tamZmta RbCaCnGacsMEdgqn; rbseK EttameKalkarN n RbB&nTsSn
sg<m CaeKalkarNsMxaneLIy . RkwtRkm nkarrIkceRmIn CaRkwtRkm
karN n sg<mrasniym k* minmanlkN; dUceKalkarN kumynis
kumyniseTAvij. tamry;karEkTRmgsab&n neya:y nig esdkic rbs
karrIkceRmInEpkesdkic mandMeNIryWtRkElg ebIeRb[beZ[beTA nwg snH

nRbeTsnanaeT[t
edayehtuza
karlUtlasEpkesdkic
va
minsUvcuH
sRmugbunan nwgtmKtiTsSnviCa nigmaKa(neya:yeLIy . buEnGVIEdlCa
viCa nigkmviZIneya:yepSg> EtbueNaH ebIBMuenaHesateT KWCa karRcbUk
KuNUbkar nrbbenH KWza RbCaCnrkSa:n nUv PaBzzr rbseK enAkg
sarI
ykeTATij tmKti:nTaMgGseT. KUbeRg[nmanR:kExeRcInCag ecAhVay
Rcbl mYy d*ZM . buEn cMeJHer]g enH RBHmhakStExr RBmTaMg elak sm

nig
elak
Eym
sMbU :n
er[bcMkmviZImYyCaesc
edIm|IpleTAo
RbeTskmCa nUv mUldan neya:y nig sab&nepSg> sRmabdwknaMbeTs

tamry; clnamYYy EdlmaneQaH za sg<mrasniym .
tamkarBiteTA eKalKMnit CamUldan man lkN; viessvisal l
Nas eRJHza Ca karsakl|g TbTl nwg Gkneya:y EdlEtgEt
kRmitmYyEdleKGacRTaMTTYlyk:n.
exteTAeT[t
KW
GacrkSatmKti
enAkgsm&yenaH
rbs
eK:n
:kkasminGac
ebIeRb[beZ[beTAnwig
rbb
epSg>eT[t EdlbJvn tUvObeCIgGkman GkxaMgeTIbGacrs:n. enAkg
sg<mmYyEdl CMhrtmKtimanGtiPaB GMeBIGyutiZm( GMeBIhwgSa nig KMnit
:kdniymCul k* GnzybnicEdr . GkexSayGacrs:n ehIy man
ehIyeZVITukbuk
lkN;sm|tiKbKan sRmab beg,InsmPaB rbseKpgeT[t. eTaHbIman
reb[brsenArbsExr. buEnebIeKTatecalnUvkkasMxan> Castanum&t Edl
enAtamExRt_xN. bNaKarmanlkes[vePA vb|Zm(Exr niges[vePA mkBI
eq{tyksab&nRbCaZibety
emjdlRbCaCn
eTAbeRmIIplRbeyaCnpalxn
edaysMGageTAelIeKalkarNepSg>
EdlpyRsLH
BI
kMNtkarGPivDnenaH sg<mTaMgmUl k*:tzamBl rbsva Edr . rIkka
Castanum&t enaH KWplRbeyaCn rbs mCdanepSg>eT[t EdlCasrsr
TUgnesdkicCati . cMeJHmCdanTaMgenaH rvag yutiZm(sg<m nig karekg

203
karlM:klMbin yagNakI viTal&y nig GnuviTal&y ekIteLIgeJgJt

breTsKbbePT . yagNamij karxitxMer[nsURt :ntUvelIkTwkcit yag
xs.
buEnebIeyag
eTAtammtixH
ebI
KNbkSbCaZibety
:nKbKg
beTs karrIkceRmIn xagEpksikSaZikarCati k*dUcCakarrIkceRmIn Epkesdkic

204
GacnwgmankRmitxsCagenHeTAeT[t eJHkmviZI neya:yrbs clna sg<m
neratm sIhnu EbrCaeRCIserIsykelakkumynisCabEgkeTAvij edayeRJH
eyageTAtameyabl rbs GkxHeT[t enHCaP&BVsMNag magrbsRbCaCn
RbCaZibety esrIniym.
packar
kare:Heqat sPa Ex kJa qaM 1955
rasniym k*BMumanGVIxusEbk BIkmviZI rbs KNbkSRbCaZibetybunanEdr.
ExrEdr. buEn ebIKankarRbNaMgbECgrvag KNbkSneya:yeTenaH GMNac

GMeBIRBpS
nigkaremIlgayemIlezak
RbCanuras
k*BuG
M acQan
CasnSwm> eTArkTIGvsan:nEdr. CaGkusl beTskmCaenAeBlenaH sit

enAcMkNallanbyuT rvag BiPBelak 2 KW BiPBkumynis nwg BiPB
elakesrI
pgeT[t
Caehtu
eZIVoKNbkSneya:y
mag>
ZakeTAkg
EtRBHGg< xacBYkKhbtI kgT&B nig bJvn plrMlM BYkGPiCn tamry;RbB&n
Les lgislatives de Septembre 1955

kare:HeqatsPa Edl:ntUvkMNt kgkicRBmeRB{g TIRkughSWENv
karekabkab rbs RbeTsmhaGMNac bdibk . bTBiesaZn n karGnuvtn
:ntUvRbkas nig BnaeBl CaeRcIndg taMgBIeBlEdl RBH:T neratm
Rkm nkarrIkceRmIn:nsg,tsg,inyagZnZr eTAelIRbCaCnExr EdlxitxM Ez
enaH kare:HeqatenaH k*:necjCarUbrag. buEn mgenH KNbkSbCaZibety
yutiZm( oRbCaksikr k*rlMbHeCIg rkEtGaharbriePaK swgmin:n . x\MsUm
Bl yagxaMg . rI yuTnakar eXasna e:Heqat k* man lkN;xusBIZmta
menaKmviCaBIr pyKaenAeBleRkaymkeT[t :nbJakza enARsukExr Rkwt
sIhnu RTg:ndakraCsm|ti. enATIbMput KWenAz 11 kJa qaM1955 dEdl
rkSaRbBNI rbs xnedayBi:k . rIrbbmYyeT[t EdltaMgxn CaGkrk
EdlmanebkCn cMnYn 91 rUb dUc clna sg<mrasniym EdrenaH :ncuH Ti
viltLbmk sm&y munkare:Heqat Ex kJa qaM 1955 vijsin munnwg
eT[t edayehtuza KNbkSnana BMusUvniyay o:nc|aslas GMBI kmviZI
eRkay. enAeBlEdl clna
:ncabbdisni Cnkumy
CaBiess eTAelI karTamTarkraC rbs GtItBHmhakStExr. xagKN
eKGac nwg :tTiBlrbseK edayehtuza RBHmhakSRtExrRbEhlCa nwg
Etmg CaehtueZVI oelak ekg vansak EdlCaGkBUEkxag evahar nig elak
n rbbGaNaniKmniym tamEbbbsim RbeTso:necInbMput . dUcenH
e:Heqat enaHmanBwtikarNmYy d*cEmk ; elak ekg vansak :ntUveK
neratm sIhnu BRgwg GMNac:n edayxnRBHGg< neya:y GBakwtPaB
sMsug EhVrNgeds eTAvij . karbunbgenaH :ntUv eKTmakeTas eTAelI
niyay
GMBIsPaBkarN
enAsm&ysg<mrasniym
sg<mrasniym
nisExrmankarRbugRby&txs eRJHza ebI clna
bneTAeT[t
enAeBl
sg<mrasniym
QH
neya:y rbs xneT . clna sg<mrasniym Epk kareXasna rbseK
bkS bCaZibetyenaHvij eKnaMKaeZVIkarvaybhar eTAelI rbbraCaniym
eZVIGVIRKbEbbyag edIm|Iksagsg<mmYyzI edayxitxM lubbM:t kaksMNl
sarin tug tUvnKr:l cabykeTA XMuXaMg . enAkgOkasyuTnakareXasna
Cnkumuynis enARsukExr nwgKantYnaTI GVIeT[teLIy. mYyvijeT[t ebI RBH:T
bunbg:jsmab buEnRKabkaMePIg :neTAtUvcM GkebIkbrrzyn rbs elak
rbs BHGg< k*Gacnwgep{g eTAxag bsimbeTsvijEdr . buEnkarBit semc
GkdwknaM clnasg<mrasniym buEn ebItamelak ekg vansak elakman
205
206
karsgS&yeTAelIelak sWn guk zajeTAvij. elaksWn guk zaj CaKURbECg
sJasMKal . KNbkS hnuman rbs elak Eym sMbU manrUb hnuman
mak d*sMxan rbs elak ekg vansak enAkg KNbkSbCaZibety .
Ca sJsMKal rIKNbkS ExrkraC man rUbp,aQUk CasJasMKal.
eTaHCayagNakI er]genH sitenAkg PaBGaz(kM:Mg rhUtmkTlsBVzenH.
KNbkS Blkr :neRCIserIsykrUbkmg p,a Ca nimitrUb ehIy KNbkS
briJab&RtEpkTsSnviCa enAsaklviTal&y s&rbUn (La Sorbonne) RbeTs
dUecHeXIjza
ekaslxs ecHrkcMNucexSay nrbbraCaniym. buEn BYkGkeZVIkareXas
Edl:neTA e:HeqatTaMgGs 76 mWun 1958 nak. rdsPa Edl:ntUvcat
niyaybHJl dl rbbraCaniym :ntUvrdGMNac cabykeTAXMuXaMgTaMg
RbmuxrdaPi:l :ntUvbKlzVay eTAsemc neratm sIhnu . buEn Cag 3
RbkarEdlKYrokt sMKal KWzaenAeBlenaHelak ekg vansak Edl:nCab

:raMg
CaGkbCaZibetymak Edlman TiBl d*xaMg eJHelakman eTB
na oKNbkS bCaZibety manCaGaT elak ekg vansak enH Edl:n

Gs KW edaysMGageTAelI mata 297 nig 301 n kmBhTN KWc|ab
GkkraC :nykrUbes[vePA rdZmnuJ dak enAelIeCIgJn CanimitrUb.

kare:HeqatExkJa
sg<mrasniym
qaM
1955
:nplC&yCMnHeTAoclna
TaMgRsug KW:ndleTA 63 mWun 625 sMeLg kgcMnYnGk
taMgeLIg mansuTEt smaCikclna
sg<mrasniym
TaMgGs. rIParkic
ExeRkaymk KWenA z 3 mkraqaM 1956 semcneratm sIhnu RTgbKl
EdlmanenAsltaMgBIqaM 1912 mk ehIyEdlhamdacxat minobHJl
ParkicenHeTAoelak G)Mu Qag s)un vij elakG)uM Qags)un EdlkalenaH
z 11 kJa qaM
elIkeLIg nUvBwtikarNsMxan> EdlekItmaneLIgenAqMa 1955 KW kgry;
dl rbbraCaniym. KNbkSneya:y EdlcUlrYm kgkare:HeqatsPa na

1955 enaH mancMnYnTaMgGs 8 KNbkS rYmbJl TaMg
clna sg<mrasniympgEdr. clna sg<mrasniym Edlman BHqaya
l&kN semc neratm sIhnu CasJasMKal :nTTYlsnwkeqat ecInCag

eKbgs KW 83 PaKry eJH nKr:l :neZVIkarKabsg,tt tabNI
eTAelI KNbkSepSg>eT[t. KNbkS
bCaZibety
Edlman rUbk|aldMrI
:ntUvEtgtaMg Ca bZanrdsPa. buEn munnwgQaneTAdl qaM 1956 x\M sUm
eBl 4 Exekaykare:Heqat. enAz 14 kJa beTs kmCa:ntUvTTYl
s<alCasmaCikeBjsiTi nGg<kar shRbCaCati. taMgBIeBlenaHmk semc

neratm sIhnu :nBRgwg neya:y GBaRkwtPaBExr enAelIqakGnrCati t
QbQr. semc neratm sIhnu mankitinaml|Il|aj enAelIqakneya:y
CasJasMKal :nEt12 PaKrybueNaH. KNbkS bCaCn EdlmanrUb
GnrCatienAeBl enaH ehIyenH eTaHbI JkGBakwtPaB mincUlbkSsm&n
KNbkS esrIPaB KNbkS hnuman KNbkS ExrkraC KNbkS
RbeTsenHvij
ng<&l CasJasMKal :n 4 PaKry. ekABIenaH KNbkS eT[t > dUcCa
BlkrExr nig KNbkS GkkraC bmUlsMeLg bUkcUlKa :ntwmEt 1
hakbIdUcCa manlkN; Bi:knwgeC]za GacmanCMhrrwgbwugeTAekItkI . enAkg

rdaPi:lsg<mrasniym
Cabnbnab
EdlRbsURtecjBI
rdsPa EdlmansuTEtGktMNagraRsCasmaCik sg<mrasniym enaH :n
PaKrybueNaH. sUmktsMKalbEnmza KNbkS esrIPaB EdlenAeBl
CYb nwgvibti mYyd*ZM . x\M nwg niyayer[brab GMBI vibti TaMgenaH Cabnbnab
207
208
enaH manelak nal Epg CaGkdwknaM :nkMNt yk:saTGg<rvt Ca
enATMB&rekay. eTaHCayagNak*edayeKseg,teXIjza KUbECgsMxan>rbs
clna sg<mrasniym minEmn KNbkSbCaZibetyeT EtKW clna kumy
niseTAvij. enAz 18 tula KW 2 s:h ekaysmaCCati elIkTI 2 n
clna sg<mrasniym semc neratm sIhnu :neZVIkarTsSnTayTukCamun
za ebIbkSkumyniseLIgkanGMNac KW c|asCaGnrZanEtmg . 20 qaMekay

mk GVI>Edl semc neratm sIhnu :nTsSnTayenAeBlenaH :nkayeTA
RbCaZibety
EdlmanninakardleTA
KW
ninakareqVgniym
ninakar
kNalniym nigsaMniym. enAeBlenaH saLt sr EdleRkaymk man

eQaHza bul Bt :nxitxMTakTg GkEdlman ninakareqVgniym CaBiess
GkEdlZab:n s<alKataMgBIenARsuk:raMgmk. buEn bnabBI elak ekg van
sak EdlCaGK<uelxaZikarrg n KNbkS
RbCaZibety
:ntUveKcab
CakarBitTaMgGs. buEnedaymUlehtuepSg> RBHGg< EbrCa eRCIserIs bNa
ykeTAXMuXaMg GkRbCaZibetynanaeT[t k*tUvTTYl karKabsg,tBI nKr
nis :nGUsTajRBHGg<oZakeTAkgreNAmrN;d* mha EsneRCA KaneBl
buEn saLt sr vij EdleZVIskmPaB edayminecj muxk*:ntUvrYcxn . enA
RbeTskumynis eZIVCabEgkeTAvij . mitPaB rbsRBHGg< CamYyelakkumy

vilRtLbvijrhUt . sSrCnExr Edl:nxitxMGUsTajRBHGg<oecjput BI
eRKaH zakenH :nRtUv RBHGg<ez,aleTasza Ca Cnk|tCati
ehIyxH :n
Rtuv:tbgCivit enAkgsanPaB d*eRk{mRkMbMput.
clna sg<mrasniym
:l. edayRTaMts)UteTAeT[tmin:n elakCYn mum k*RtLb eTARsuk:raMgvij.

eBlEdlBYkkumynisExr bnskmPaBlYclak rbseK edayeZVICaKUbeRg[n
nig CaGkkaEstenATIRkugPMeBj clna
TaMgRsug . taMgBIC&yCMnH rbs clna
sg<mraRsniym
kabGMNac :n
sg<m rasniym
enAeBle:H
eqatsPa qaM1955 mk rbb BhubkS k* rlaysabsUn:teTA . rbb

sg<mrasniym
dwknaMRbeTs Etmakg. enAedImqaM 1956 KWenA z 14
mkra semc neratm sIhnu :neZVIkarEkTRmg rdZmnuJqaM1947 CabeNIr>.
nig clna Exr kumynis
KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlRbeTskumynisnana :ncabepImGUsTaj RbeTs
Le Sangkum Reastr Niyum
enaH semc neratmsIhnu RTg yageTAeZVI RBHraCTsSnkic enA RbeTscin
et les Khmers communistes
kmCa ocUleTAkgbk
RbCamanitu
(Bloc) rbsBYkeK. enAJkkNal Exkum; qaM 1956
nigenARbeTseqkUsva
KI
(Tchcoslovaquie) . mitPaB rvag
RbeTs cin nig RbeTskmCa k*:n tUvcabepIm Bgwg taMgBIeBlenaHmkEdr

bnabBI:n TTYleCaKC&y kgkare:HeqatsPa qaM1955 clna
sg<mrasniym
RtUvbQmmuxnwgclnakumynisExrCabfm eRJH bnab BI
braC&y n KNbkS
yuTsas beg,It
sl
RbCaCn
kgkare:Heqat BYkExrkumynis tUveRbI
rbs eK enARKbTIkEng CaBiess enAkgKNbkS

209
. mYyExeRkayTsSnkicenH KNbkS RbCaCn :nsMumkcUlrYmkgclna

sg<mraRsniym
buEn semc neratm sIhnu RBHGg<RTgBMuylRBmeLIy
BIeRJHenAeBlenaH RBHGg<RbqaMg dacxat nwig tYnaTI rbs KNbkSkumynis

enAkgRbeTskmCaenAeLMIy.
RBHGg<nwksanza
210
RBHGg<GacrkSamitPaB
Ca
mYy beTskumynispg ehIyrkSakraC nigneya:y GBaRkwtPaB rbs
bMEbkbM:kBYkkumynisExrTaMgenaH :npgeT[t . emkumynisxH dUcCa es[v
naM KaxitxMelIkTwkcitsemc neratm sIhnu orkSaneya:yGBaRkwtPaBenaH
rbsRBHGg<EzmeT[tenAqaM 1959. enAqaM 1959 enaH es[v ehg :nbMpaj
Exrpg . eTaHCayagNakI enAkgdMMNakkarenaH bNaRbeTskumynis :n

CabeNaHGasnsin.
rI
KNbkS
RbCaCn
k*naMKaKaMRT
neya:yenH
yagskmpgEdr . yuTsas EdlExrkumynis nig RbeTskumynis :n
kMNtenAeBlenaH KWCabfmeZVIyagNa oRbeTskmCaRbkanneya:yRbqaMg

nwigshrd GaemrikEtbueNaH CaBiesskMuoshrd Gaemrik dak mUldanT&B
enAkmCaeBalKWeZIVyagNa minocUleTAkgbkSsm&nGUtas (O.T.A.S.E) . sUm

bJakza muneBl e:HeqatsPa qaM 1955 KW enAEx sPa semcneratm
sIhnu :nsuxcitTTYlCMnYyBI shrdGaemrikrYceTAehIy . dUcenH RbeTs
ehg CaedIm k* :nk|t nwig clna rbseK ehIy suxciteZVICaPakgarsmat

clna rbseK ecalGs Cit 90 PaKry edIm|IcUlbeRmI semc neratm
sIhnu. enAeBlenaH Exrkumynis CaeRcIn:ntUv RksYgsmat rbs semc
neratm sIhnu cabCabnbnab ehIymYy cMnYneT[t rtrtatrtay Ebk:kKa
Gs. tamkarBit semc neratm sIhnu minEmneTIb nwg cabepImkMcatBYk

ExrkumynisenAqaM 1956 enaHeT. taMgBIeBlEdl clna sg<mrasniym
:nTTYleCaKC&y elIslub enAeBl e:HeqatsPa qaM 1955 mk nKr:l
rbs semc neratm sIhnu :n cabepImRbyuT nwgBYkenH rYc:teTAehIy .
kumynis eKRtUvEtCMrujsemc neratm sIhnu oeZVIyagNa dkRbeTskmCa
eKGacniyay:nza cabtaMgBI qaM 1956 enaHmk clna rbs Exrkumynis
cgmitPaB
skmPaBenATIRkug dUcCa bul Bt CaedIm EtbueNaH buEn KWGkTaMgenaHehIy
oecjputBITiBlrbsGaemrik. sUmbJakza eTaHbI semcneratm sIhnu

CamYyRbeTskumyniskI
k*RBHGg<
RbyuTdacxat
nwg
clna
kumnisExr enAkmCaEdr eRJHRBHGg <RTgeQVgyl yagc|asza KW BYkenH
ehIy EdlkMBugeZVI skmPaBviTgSna bM:ttYnaTI rbs RBHGg<ecj BIqak
neya:yExr. clna kumynis Ca clna n bdivtn GnrCati EdlenA

eBlenaH manTiBld*xaMgkaenAev[tNam. eTaHbI BYkkumynisExr enAeBl
enAtam CnbT :nRsutrlM swgEtTaMgGs KW enAslEt GkEdlBYnsmMeZIV

EdleRkaymk :nxitxM sarclnakumynisExr :neLIgvij .
karEkTRmg sab&n neya:y tam
enaH hakbIdUcCaminsUvman karykcitTukdakbunan BIsMNakGkdwknaM beTs
ry;karRbkasoeRbII nItikm
ykGMNac BIRBHGg<:nEdr eRJHBYkeKecHbMpusbMpul RbCaCn yuvCn nig
cuHz 15 Z qaM 1956
ehtudUecHehIy
La Loi du 15 dcembre 1955 fut promulgue

le 14 Janvier 1956
kumynis nanakI k*BHGg<ylyagc|asza CnkumynisExr Gacnwg deNIm

bJvn yagbiunRbsb ehIybeg,It slneya:y rbseK enAKbTIkEng .
:nCa enAqaM
1955-1957 enaH
semc
neratm
sIhnu
eZVIkarKabsg,teTAelIGkTaMgenaHtRtaRbNI . minEtbueNaHesat RBHGg<:n

211
212
enAedImqaM 1956 semcneratm sIhnu emdwknaMclna sg<mras
eRJHsemc neratm sIhnu EdldwknaMGg<smaCCaeT[gTat manmuxnaTI Ca
Ca rdZmnuJ EdlrdsPa nigbkSneya:ynana man tYnaTI d*sMxan. enA z
manc|ab nig RbB&nc|ab CaeRcIn sRmabkarBar plRbeyaCn rbs eK buEn
Rkm elx65 n. s.. tamkarBit nItiRkmenH minEmnCa viesaZnkm ZmtaeT
eKalkarNc|abGVI EdlraraMg minoedaHsay bJaCakEsg nig cMeBaHmux
niym :ncabepImeZVIkarEkTRmgrdZmnuJ qaM 1947 . rdZmnuJqaM 1947
14 mkraqaM 1956
nItiRkmcuHz 15 Z qaM1955 :ntUvbkasoeRbI eday
EtKWCa rdZmnuJ zImYyeT[t Etmg . eTaHbI semc neratm sIhnu RTg:n
KUsbJakza nItiRkmenH
ZibetymYyEbb
CakarbJlmkkg rdZmnuJcas nUv reb[bRbCa
EdlRbCaCnmasGMNac
GackankabGMNac
edaypal
EtmgkI k*manmtixHriHKnza CarbbpackarmYy EdldwknaMRbeTs eday KN

bkSneya:yEtmYy ehIyEdlEpkTaMgRsugeTAelI mnusSEtmakEdr . rI
GkrkyutiZm( CUnRbCaCnEtmg . enAkgrdZmnuJ qaM 1947 mnIraCkar

enAkgGg<smaC EdlebIkGg<RbCMu yagehacNas k* 2 dgEdrkg 1 qaM Kan
rbs RbCaCneT eTaHkaredaHRsaybJa nana eRcInEtbHJldl RbeyaCn
esdkic eKalkarN JNiCkm nig TsSnviCa n mCdannanakI . nItiRkm

EdlRbkasoeRbI edayRkm elx 65 n. s. cuHz 14 mkra qaM 1956
tmUvobeg,It sPaRbCaCn tamext nig sPaRbCaCn enAkgraCZanI ehIy

cattaMgoman smaCCati mYy
(Congr national) EdlecjesckIseRmc
bJaEdlecaT KWza etI RbCaCn kanGMNac edaypal reb[bNaeTA ebIKan
epSg> . RbCaCntUvdwg GMBI kickarrdepSg>. sab&nenHEtgtaMgrdmnI nig
RbeTs RbCaCnsMEdgqn;rbseK tamry; KNbkSneya:y KWeRCIserIs
seRmccit nanasRmabo rdsPaeZVItam. buEn rdsPa Gacer[bcMkare:H
eKalRTwsI CamUldanenaH . tameKalkarN RbCaZibety tamEbbbsim

ykKNbkSNamYy EdleKeBjcit nwg TwsI TsSnviCa CamUldan nwg
kmviZIneya:yepSg>.
buEn
tameKalkarN
bCaCncatGktMNagrbseKtamExRt
nIimYy>
rbb
sg<mrasniym
omkcUlrYmbCMu
kgsab&n
mYyEdlmaneQaHza smaCCati. eyageTAtammtixH enH KW CaliTibCaZib

etyBitR:kd
eRJHtamry;GktMNagrbseK
RbCaCn
e:HeqateTAelI sMNUmBrepSg> EdlRtUvesIeTA rdaPi:l nig eTAelIesckI
eqatRbCamti sIBIbJaepSg> TakTg nwigesckIseRmccit rbs smaCCati.
xag EpktulakarCanxs c|abmYycuH z 15 Z qaM 1955 ehIyEdl

RbkasoeRbI enAz 14 mkraqaM 1956 :nERbkayGtbT z 27 Z qaM
1949 omanlMnaM dUcteTA ? RbZan nwg GnuRbZan salakatkI BuMEmncaM:c
GaceZVIkarRBman
CaecARkmeT. RBHmhakSt CaGkEtgtaMg RbZan nig GnuRbZan n sab&n
beg,IteLIg nUvvibtirdaPi:lCaeRcIn. rdaPi:l sg<mrasniym tUvpasbr
dwknaMeday GktMNagras KW minEmn edayecARkmeT . GtbTenH manCa
rdaPi:l nig mnIraCkar edaypalEtmg. karGnuvtn eKalkarNenH :n

Cajwkjab CaehtueZVIokmviZI nig neya:y rbs rdaPi:l nIimYy> rk
eBlykeTAGnuvt swgmin:nEtmg k*Gacza:n. buEn mnIraCkarBukrlYy
Tucrit k*rkeBlBukrlYy eZVI:bsg,tsg,in RbCaCn swgEtmin:nEdr

213
TaMgenaH kgcMeNamsmaCik 5 nak CasamICn. KNkmaZikar Geg,t tUv
lMGiteT[t buEn x\MsUmelIkeLIgEt 2_3 cMNucbueNaH . eTaHCayagNakI

eKGac niyay:nza rdZmnuJqaM 1956 enaH rkSarbbsPadEdl. buEn
rbb sPaniym tamEbbbsimRbeTs :nkayeTACa rbb sPaniympal

214
JkkNal
(correspondant une sorte de dmocratie semi-directe) .
enAkg rdZmnuJ qaM 1947 eKeXIjman siTieZVIbdnalixit . siTienH :n

tUvrkSaTukenAkgrdZmnuJqaM 1956 KWRtgmaRta 14.
siTirbs RbCaCn
enA kgrdZmnuJ qaM 1956 manecInCag enAkgrdZmnuJmun eJH RbCaCn
mansiTi dkhUtGktMNag rbseK enArdsPa nig enAsPaRbCaCn (mata
51 nig 85). buEn enH minEmnCaer]g EdlKanplvi:k bHJldl eKal

karN ZM>enaHeT . enAeBlEdl clna sg<mrasniym kabGMNac yag
ENn
ehIy
enAeBlEdl
clnakumynis
eZVIskmPaBlYclak
enAkg
sg<mraRsniym ; karbTajbTgKa rvag

ninakarsaMGPirkS
nig ninakareqVg
Le Sangkum entre la Droite conservatrice

et la Gauche
enAqaM
1956
enAeBlEdlrdaPi:l
sg<mrasniym
pasbr
TIRkugPMeBj rdaPi:lsg<mrasniym :npasbr 4 dgenAkgqaM 1956
QbQr ehIyenAeBlEdl saLt sr eZVIskmPaBbeg,It sl kumy
RbKleTAo elak Xwm Twt vij enAz 3 Ex emsa . enAz 15 sIha
nig enAkg cMeNamkmkr - enARbeTs:raMg enaHvij
yun :ntUvEtgtaMgCabmuxrdaPi:l. enAExtulaenaH manBitikarNZMmYy ?
1956 enaH enATIRkug:rIs eK:nnaMKabeg,ItsmaKm nisSit mYymaneQaHza
mYy d*cRmUgcRmas . enA z 22 vicika qaM 1956 dEdl elak CU eGnLay
enAz 28 Z Gin sUkan :nRtUveRCIstaMgCaRbZan n smaKmenaH Edlman
vicika smaKm shPaB nisSit Exr G)uy GW ka
nig elak DII pun CaedIm. eyageTAtam karsavCav rbs elaksIM marIu
enaH ? rdaPi:lrbs semc neratm sIhnu EtgtaMgenAz 1 mina tUv
nisenAPMeBj - CaBiess enAkgmCdan sisSanusisS mCdanGkkaEst

eG[g
sarI CYn mum
dlevn semc neratm sIhnu mgeT[t ehIy enAz 25 tula elak san
ex[v sMpn k* xitxM beg,Itslkumynis rbseKEdr. enAz 26 vicika cugqaM
beTsz :ndakkgT&BrbseK CMnYs kgnKr:lenABHvihar. enH Caer]g
G)uy GW ka (U.E.K. : Union des Etudiants Khmers) . mYyExekaymk KW
:nGeJIjmkeZVITsSnkicenAkmCa.
sSrCn ExrkumynisCaeRcIn cUlrYm dUcCa ex[v ZiriT Priya rbseG[g sarI
enATIkug:rIs
enaHvij
enAz
26
(UEK) :n cabbdisni . rI
GkdwknaMsMxan> manCaGaT ; eG[g sarI ex[v sMpn CYn mum
GaeLcsgRDIn martaMg
(Marie Alexandrine Martin) smaKmnisSitExr
Cag sma Km Ga GW ka
(A..E.K.) KW smaKmEdltUv rdaPi:l:raMg lub
G)uy GW ka (U.E.K.) Edlbeg,ItenAcugqaM 1956 enaH mankarkPaBKa ecIn
ecalenAExkum; qaM 1953 tam esckIesI rbs BHmhakStExr . enAqaM
1956 enaH nisSitExr Edl Kanninakarkumy nis :nnaMKaeTAcUlrYm CamYy

smaKmmYyeT[t KW smaKm
215
Ga ka (A.K.) smaKmExr Edl:n

216
tUvbeg,ItenAz27 kum;qaM 1955 ehIy Edlmanelak ecA esg GY CaRbZan
Cati rvag vb|Zm(Cati nig eKalkarN menaKmviCa GnrCati. KWenAqaM 1957
(A.C.F) KW smaKm dwk naMedayelak emA say ehIybnabmk edayelak
ecjes[vePAmYy
. smaCik mYycMnYn n smaKmExrenA RbeTs:raMg ehA
Ga es eGhV
Duk rasIu nig lI CinlI k* naMKacUlmkkg smaKm Ga ka enHEdr buEn Tal
enaHehIy EdlGkniBn sUev[t bUrIs :esINak

EdlmancMNgeCIgza
(Boris Pastenak) :n
evCbNit sIvaeh<a (Le Doteur
Jivago). enAz 9 emsa qaM 1957 rdaPi:l elak san yun tUvbJb
qaM 1961 eTIbsmaKm Ga ka nig Ga es
ebskkm eJHkarbyuT nwig GMeBIBukrlYy taMgBI rdaPi:l rbs semc
eskum (CKOM : Communaut des Cambodgiens dOutre-mer smaKm
enAkgrdaPi:lsemc sIhnu z 15 kJaenaHBHGg<massIusuvti munIert Ca
Et 5 qaM ekay mk KWenAExmkra
eGhV (A.C.F) tUvrMlaycUlKa edIm|Ibeg,It smaKmmYyeT[t maneQaHza
CnCatiExr enA naysmuRT) . taMgBI smaKmenH :nRtUvbeg,IteLIg smaKm
TaMg 2 enH bNaMgbECgKa yagxaMg edIm|IbEmbmUl smaCik er[g> xn.

smaKmG)uy GW ka (U.E.K)
:nRtUvbeg,ItenAz 26 vicika qaM 1956 KWCag 1
qaM eRkay smaKm Ga ka ehIy 5 qaM mun smaKm eskum . 9 Ex ekay

eBl EdlsmaKm
G)uy GW ka
(U.E.K) :ntUvbeg,It pHExr (Pavillon
du Cambodge) enA burIsklviTal&y TIkug:rIs (Cit Universitaire de
Paris) :ntUvsemaZenAz 20 sIha qaM 1957 ekamGZibtIPaB rbs
semc neratm sIhnu. smaKm bdibkTaMg 2
KWsmaKm
G)uy GW ka
(U.E.K.) nig Ga ka _ ehIy eRkaymk smaKm eskum (C.K.O.M.) _ k*
:ntUvcatTukCaGktMNag pvkar enA pHExr EtmgeTA. enAbeTskmCa
enaHvij enAqaM 1957 rdaPi:lsg<mrasniym enAEtbnpasbr Ca eRcIn

dg. GsBIrdaPi:l elak san yun dlevn semc neratm sIhnu vij.
GsBIsemc neratm sIhnu dl evn elak swum va . vibti rdaPi:lenH

bJakoeXIjza clnarYbrYmCati CaclnaEdlman ninakar neya:y nig
menaKmviCacRmuH ehIy dUcenH mingaynwigkPaBKa eTAelI kmviZIneya:y

rYmmYy:neTeJHmanbeyaCnxusKaTaMgGs CaBiessTMnasrvag beyaCn
217
neratm sIhnu z 15 kJa qaM 1954 mkenaH :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgsug.
RBHbitula :ntUvEtgtaMg CardmnI karJrbeTs nig xagkare:ssMGat

GMeBIBukrlYy enAkgCYrkgT&B buEn ebskkm rbs BHGg< BuM:nTTYleCaK
C&yeT . mYyvijeT[t karbeg,It ksYge:ssMGat GMeBI BukrlYy :ntUv

eKcatTukzaBMuRsb tameKalkarN rdZmnuJpgeT{t. buEn tamkarBit KW
eJHEtBHGg<mas munIert cgbJnnayTahan EdltUvCabecaT BI bTBuk
rlYy eTAotulakarswkkateTas EtbueNaH . eKseg,teXIjza enAeBl

enaH neya:y rbssemc neratm sIhnu CYbbsK<CaecIn enAkgvis&y
c|ab k*dUcCaenAkg vis&y eKalkarN esdkic . rdaPi:lcugekay rbs
elak san yun k* :nCYbbsK< EbbenHEdr. rdaPi:l TI 1 rbs elak

san yun :n tUvruHerIsaCazI eJHEtnItiviZI sIBI karbJlGtItGktMNag
rasmakmk kgrdsPavij. rI bdivaTkm rvagc|ab nig neya:yesdkic

k*Ca mUl ehtumYy n vibti rdaPi:l sg<mraRsniym enaHEdr. eJHEttUv
Gnuvt mata 99 zI n rdZmnuJEdltmUv oman neya:y karJr plit
pl kgbeTs rdaPi:l elak san yun tUvJNiCkr vaybhar yag
xaMg. enAqaM 1957 enaH manBwtikarN 3 sMxan> ? enAz 12 mkra smaC

CatielIkTI
4 :nGnum&t
esckIseRmccitmYy
218
Edlbkas
neya:y
GBakwtPaB n beTskmCa . enAz 25 emsa kgT&B ev[tNam xag
eRCIstaMg rdaPi:l rYbrYmCati dUckarkMNtTuk rbs kicRBmeRB{g TIRkug
ev[tNamkumynis :nmktaMgTIbyuT rbseKenAkgTwkdIExr. enH Ca bJa
naZibtIGaemrik GaysinNUevIr
t|g:nqgBMEdnExr cUlmkdl cna ExRtsVayer[g eday sMGagza BYk
hSWENveT KWsuxcit edIrtamneya:y rbs Gaemrikvij. enAeBlenaH bZa
(Eisenhower) nig rdmnI karbreTs hVEsr
bECgkmaMgKamYy d*ZMrvag elakesrI nig elakkumynis EdlekItecjCa
DwleLs
rkSa neya:yGBakwtPaB enAkg tMbnPUmisas_neya:y d* sMxan enH
kmCa eTaHbIsemcneratm sIhnu xitxMrkSa eKalCMhrGBaRkwt yagNakI k*
vibtisMxanmYy enAqaMekay> mkeT[t. eTaHCayagNakI eKktsMKalza kar

CakarmYy d*Bi:k RkElg. yagNamij vasna rbs beTskmCaenAeBl
enaH k*manTMnakTMng yagCitsiT nwg sanPaBPUmisaRs-neya:yenaHEdr.
bJa GBaRkwtPaB Exr
(Foster Dulles) manCMen]za karbgYbbgYmCati enAev[tNam Kan
GVIeRkABIkarRbKlRbeTsev[tNamTaMgmUl eTAokumynIsenaHeT. enARbeTs

neya:yeRkARbeTs rbs RBHGg< gaker eTAxagkumynis yagc|asEdr
eRJHRBHGg<RTgeQVg ylza Gaemrik BMuGacykQH kumynis:neLIy .
enA z 18 dl z 24 emsa qaM 1955 semc neratm sIhnu :nyag

eTAcUlrYmkgsnisIT TIRkug:gDug
Le problme de neutralit du Cambodge
mincUlbkSsm&n
Lay
munnwgniyay GMBIsPaBkarN enAqaM 1958 x\MsUmbJakza taMgBIExTI 4
qaM1957 mk karRbECgkmaMg rvagev[tNam xagt|g nig ev[tNam xageCIg

kanEtmanlkN;ZnZreTA> enANcin. enAz 25 emsa kgT&B ev[tNam
xagt|g :nQanJnRBMEdnExr cUlmkdlcna ExRtsVayer[geday sMGag

za kgT&Bev[tmij :neRC{tERCk cUlmkkgTwkdIExr . rbb ega Dij yam
(Ng Dinh Diem) enAeBlenaH manbEgkmYyyagmaM KWshrd GaemrikEdl

mankarxkcityagxaMg enAcMeJHmuxriyabTrbs semc neratm sIhnu .
elak ega Dij yam Edl:nRtUv :raMgEtgtaMg oeZVICanaykrdmRnI enAEx
mizunaqaM 1954 eRkamkarKabsg,t rbs shrd Gaemrik ehIyEdlBMuRBm

cuHhtelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSWENvBMu:ner[bcM oman kare:Heqat
219
(Bangdung) edIm|Ibeg,It maKa(neya:y
(M.N.A.) . RBHGg<:nCYb vrCn sMxan> dUcCa CUeGn
(Chou En Lay), enhru (Nrhu), TItU (Tito), NaEsSr
(Nasser)
CaedIm. enAz 13 kumHqaM 1956 RBHGg<:nyag eTARbeTscin RbCamanitu .
enAcugqaM 1956 dEdlenaH RBHGg<:nyageTACYb elak TItU enARbeTs

yUeh<asavIu
(Yougoslavie) eT[t. eTaHCayagenHkI k* RBHGg< enAEtman TMnak
TMngminlCamYy KNbkSbCaZibety eT{t eTaHbI enAeBlenaH ninakareqVg

niym enAkgKNbkSenH kMBugmanTiBlxaMgkI .
1957
enA z 11 sIha qaM
semc neratm sIhnu :nebIk karttaMgKamYy tamviTCati rvagRBH
Gg< nig emdwknaM KNbkS RbCaZibety. eBlecj BI kar ttaMgenaH GkRb
CaZibety 5 rUb :ntUvraCg<rkS rbs semc neratm sIhnu vaytUvrbYs
yagdMNM. bnabBI GMeBIhwgSa :nbneTAeT[t Gsry;eBl 3 z KNbkS

RbCaZibety k*:tRsemalEtmgeTA KWenAslEt GkRbCaZibetyxH Edl
eRkaymk KW enAqaM 1970 :necjmux Ca GksaZarNrdniym Etmg .
220
enAqaM 1958 karRbECg kmaMgrvagkgT&Bev[tmij nig kgT&B ega Din yam
z :ncUlmkkg R:saTRBHvihar . enAeBlenaH rdaPi:lz Rbkasmin
:ncabepImbnr karvayRbhar eTAelI clnakumynisExr bnicmkvijEdr.
rbseK. edIm|IsMEdgRbtikm rbsRBH Gg< enAz 28 vicika qaM 1958 semc
eBk RBHGg< k* EbreTArk mnusSzI> mkdakCMnYs . eRkaykare:H eqatsPa
RbeTsenHvij Gkneya:yExrEdlminylRsb nwgneya:yeRkARbeTs
enAelITwkdIExr kanEtEsgecjeLIgyagc|as. rI semc neratm sIhnu k*
mYyvijeT[t eday smaCikrdaPi:l sg<mrasniym man ninakar GPirkS

z 23 mina qaM 1958 semc neratm sIhnu cabepImeRCIserIs rdmnI
edayxnRBHGg< . KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdleKeXIjelak h)U yn nig elak

h)U nwm EdlCaGkniymeqVg manmuxenAkgrdaPi:l elak Ebn nut .
buEn
elak Ekv mas GktMNagraRs kumynis n KNbkSRbCaCn enAEttUv

bUlIisrbs semc neratm sIhnu eZVIkarKabsg,tbnmkeT[t. enAeBlenaH
TTYls<al snisJaqaM 1907 eT KW catTukza RBHvihar sitenAkgTwkdI
neratm sIhnu k* seRmcpac TMnakTMngTUt CamYy TIRkug:gkk . enAkg

zI rbs semc neratm sIhnu
:nnaMKa beJjbtikm yagxaMg sem|Im
Gsar. enA z 30 Z qaM 1958 dEdl elak sm sarI GtItkGK<
raCTUtExr RbcaM TIRkugLugRd RbeTsGgeKs :nbeg,It sarBt(manRbqaMg

mYy maneQaH za
raRsaZibtI edIMm|IbEmbmUlGkRbCaZibety beg,ItKN
bkSRbqaMg. buEnenH CabJamYy d* sKsaj nwg RbkbeTAedayeRKaHzak.
semc neratm sIhnu beJj nUv neya:yRbqaMg nwig shrdGaemrik yag
ekayenaHbnic ebIeyageTA tamksarxH elak sm sarI :neP[sxn eTA
sg,tyagxaMgeTAelI semc neratm sIhnu. enA z 8 mizuna qaM 1958 enaH
t|g .
xaMg
buEnKWenAeBlenaHEdr
EdlTIRkugvasIugetan
(Washington) eZVIkarKab
kgvresnaZM ev[tNamxagt|g :ncUlmk kgExRtswgERtg kgCeRmA 15

K.m. buEn enAz 25 Ex mizuna dEdl k* dkzyeTAvij. karKMramkMEhgenH BMu
:neZVIosemc neratm sIhnu gaker eTArkshrd GaemrikvijeT. eTaHCa

yagenH k*eday
k*shrd Gaemrik enAEtxitxMriHrkmeZa:y epSg>eT[t
edIm|IkatbnyTiBl rbs kumynis enAkgRbeTskmCaEdr. enAqaMbnab
mkeT[t KW qaM 1959 Gaemrik nig rdaPi :l ega Din yam :nseRmcvay
rMlMsemc neratm sIhnu Etmg. enA cMeJHmuxriyabTenH semcneratm
sIhnu :nseRmccit cabdelakkumynis ykEtEmnETn . enA z 24
kk,da qaM 1958 enaH RbeTskmCa dakTMnakTMngTUt CamYy RbeTscin

kumynis buEn bunans:heRkaymk KWenAz 16 sIha qaM 1958
221
kgT&B
TIkugsayh,n
(Sagon) EdlkalenaH CardZanI n RbeTs ev{tNam xag
karbunbg vayrMlM rbb

semc neratm sIhnu enA qaM 1959
Tentative de renversement du rgime de

Sihanouk en 1959
RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg enAqaM 1959 bJakoeXIjza neya
:yeRkARbeTszI rbs semc neratm sIhnu eZVIo rbb ega Dwn yam
mankarBi:kyagxaMg kgkarRbyuT nwg BYkev[tmij. enAedIm
222
qaM1959 enaH
KWenAz 13 mkra semc neratm sIhnu :nRbkasza enATIRkug:gkk man
minrYc. edayylza eRKaHdlCIvitrbs dab QYn
Rbkanza :ncUlrYmcMENkEdr elak sm sarI Edl kal BI sm&yTamTar
RBwtikarNenH manRBwtikarN d*KYrorntmYyeT[t :nekIteLIgenAkg RBHbrm
BHGg< esaHenaH . mYyGaTitekaymkeT[t KWenAz TI 20 mkra elak
suraRmit RBHmhakSRtIyanI kusm; RBmTaMg semc neratm sIhnu :n eKc
clnamYy kMBugeZVIskmPaBk|tRBHGg<. elak
sm sarI k*:ntUvecaT
kraC nig eBlksag clna sg<mrasniym CashkarI CitsiT rbs
saMg savat :nRtUveKeZIVXat . elaksaMg savat CaGkniBn ExrmYyrUb

EdlKaMRTelak
swg
guk
zaj
ehIy
1959
EdlRBlanynehaH
Edl:nsresr
Rbelamelak
mYYymancMNgeCIgza mhaecarenATlEdn. sUmktsMKalza KW enAedImqaM

enaHEdr
eJZicing
Edl:raMg:n
ksago
:ntUvsemaZ . enAz 17 kum; rdaPi:l :ntUvRbKl eTAzVay semc
:nmkdlehIy Gg<rkS
pal rbs dab QYn EdleTACamYy k* pacCIvit dab QYn EtmgeTA . mun
raCvaMg. enA z 31 sIha qaM 1959 dEdlenaH RBHmhakSRt RBH:T
put BIkarbunbgeZIVXatedayRKabEbkmYyRKab dakbg,benAkgRbGbGMeNay

mYy . RBHGg<mas vaKIvan caghVag RBHraCvaMg Edl CaGkebIkRbGbenaH k*
suKt enAeBlEdlRKab EbkpHeLIgehIymnusS 2 nakeT[t EdlenACitenaH

k*:tbgCIvit CamYyEdr . RBwtikarN TaMg 2 xagelIenH bJakoeXIjza
karvivaT rvagbkZM>TaMg 2
:neRC[t cUlmkkgTwkdIExr. karrkSaCMhr neya
neratm sIhnu mgeT[t. 3 zekaymk RbeTskmCa :ndak TMnakTMngTUt
:yGBaRkwtPaB enAkgEdnRbyuT rvag kumynis nig Gaemrik CakarmYy
shrd Gaemrik enAeBlenaH :nbeg,InskmPaBrbseK yagxaMgenAkmCa.
eTAeRbIR:s CakMhit eTaHeKtUveRbImeZa:y EbbNakI . mYycMENkeT[t
CamYy RbeTsz eLIgvij edayman Gg<kar shRbCaCati CaGnrkarI .
ebIeyageTA tamksar epSg> eKalbMNg rbs shrd Gaemrik enAeBl

enaH KW vayrMlM semcsIhnu Etmg. enAz 22 kum; eK:ndwgza
dab QYn
ehA QYn mleBRC EdlCaesctaj enA es[m rab bmug nwgpacyk
ExRtes[mrabTaMgmUl edayman CMnYyBIGg<kar es GIu Ga
(C.I.A) nig BI rbb
EdlBMuGaceZVIeTAekIteLIy. mYycMENk kmaMgkumynis rMelaPTwkdIExr yk

shrd Gaemrik CaBiess ev[tNam xagt|g tUvEtraMgs,atdMeNIrkgT&B hU
CImij enAelITwkdIExroTalEt:n.
tamkarBiteTA eTaHbI RbeTskmCa ep{g
eTAxagNa k*eday k* nwgtUvmageT[t vaybhardUcEtKa . rIJk mitPaB

RKanEtCarUbPaBTnPn nkarvayRbhar EtbueNaH. karEdlKYro ktsMKal
kk,da.
KWza KanmhaGMNacNa RbeTsNamYy :neKarB lknik;GBakwtPaB
Cabnan . enA Ex vicika enAeBlEdl tmesnIy ln nl cUleTAdl
es[v ehg lYceZVIkarosemc neratm sIhnu . KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl
ega
Din
yam.
Bt(manenH :ntUvbJak
bEnm
eT[tenAz
tmesnIy ln nl :ntUvcattaMgoer[bcMkgT&B eTAcabQYn mleBRC

TIRkuges[mrab dabQYn :neP[sxn bRmugeTABYn enAkgRB PMKUEln .
buEneBlenaH dab QYn edIryagRtdabRtdYs eRJH:n esBeRK]gej[N

ecIneBk ehIy GUsykrUb nageck nagcm Ca rbss&kisiTi eTACamYy
223
rbsExreT enAeBlenaH. enA Ex kum; qaM 1959 enaH emclna kumynisExr

CnkumynisExr EdleZVIskmPaB enACnbT nigCnkumynisExr eZIVskmPaB
enATIkugPMeBj :ntUvpacecjBIKa eRJHBYkGkts)U enACnbT :kEbk xat
xay GseTAehIy> eTaHbIes[v ehg BMu:nk|t edayecjmux
224
nwg clna
bdivtnExr EdldwknaM day nYn Ca Bukma rbseKkI

kmCa
k*clna RbCaCnbdivt
(PRPK) enAeBlenaH cuHRsutyagxaMgEdr. rI eG[g sarI EdlRtLb
:ndakJk bwgtulakar GnrCati sIBI karEdlRbeTses[m :ndakkgT&B
rbseKenABHvihar . enAExtulaenaH swn guk zaj Edl:neTAtaMgTI enA
(Saigon) :npSBVpSay nievTnb&N sIBI karbeg,It clna
mkBIRsuk:raMgvij taMgBIqaM 1957 mk k*:nmkcUlrYm eZVIshRbtibtikar
TIkugsayh,n
saLt sr EdleZVIskmPaBminecjmux enATIRkugPMeBj yleXIjza eKmin
mleBRC :nTTYlbraC&y man RBwtikarNmYy EdlKYroktsMKalpgEdr.
yuTsasEdleK:nkMNt enAeBlenaH KW vaybnnCMhr rbs rdaPi:l
elak sm sarI :n cuHpSay lixitmYy Edl elak sm sarI :nep\IeTA
CamYy saLt sr enATIRkugPMeBjEdr. Rkumkumynis rbs eG[g sarI nig
GacRbQmmux nwigrdaPi:l rbs emc neratm sIhnu dayRtg> :neT.

tamry; sarB(tman ehIy bJlKaeK mkkgCYr rdaPi:l rbs semc
neratm sIhnu Etmg. ehtudUecHehIy
kmynisExrmYycMnYn dUcCa
:nCaenAqaM CabnbnabmkeT[t Cn
h)U yn, h)U nwm ex[v sMpn ecA esg CaedIm
ExresrI
. enAqaM 1959 muneBlEdlkarbunbg rbs dab QYn ehA QYn
enAedImqaM 1959 enaH KW enAz 1 mkra sarB(tmanExr rasaZibtI rbs
semc neratmsIhnu enAz 30 ZqaM 1958 . enAkglixitenaH elak sm
sarI :nbJak GMBIkarEdl elak:nesIsMubeg,It KNbkSRbqaMgmYy Edl

ekABIrUbelak man GkdwknaM 2
nakeT[t KW ecA bUrI nig nat cna . enHCa
mantYnaTI d*sMxan enAkgCYrraCrdaPi:lExr. buEn mun nwgeTAdleBlenaH
RBwtikarN d*sMxanmYy EdlbJakza Gkneya:yExr Edlman ninakar
:raMg LuubEsrvaT&r
:yekAbeTszI rbssemc neratm sIhnu . buEnelak sm sarI enA
sUmbJakza enA z 22 kJa qaM 1959 enaH sarBt(man sresrCaPasa
(lObservateur) rbs ex[v sMpn :necjpSay
elxTI 1 rbseK . 2 s:heRkaymk KW enA z 9 tula Nub bUpan Gk

niBnnayk
kaEst
kumynis
RbCaCn :ntUveK:jsmab
TalEt 2 z ekaymk eTIbTTYlmrNPaB.
buEn
esrIniym eJlKW bqaMg nwg kumynis beJjbtikmyagxaMgcMeJH neya

eBlenaH tUvbQmmux nwg bJa 2 KW mYycMENk elak kayeTA Ca KU
bECg rbs elak sWn guk zaj emclna
ExresrI
ehIy mYycMENk
eT{t BMumanlTPaB RKbRKaneLIy edIm|IbmUlbEgk neya:y sMxan> enA

kgbeTs CaBiess bnabBImaner}gTMnas CamYysarBt(manmYy Edl:n
sPaBkarN neya:y enAqaM 1960
ekIteLIg enATIkugLgRd enAeBlEdlelak eZIVCa kGK<raCTUtExr RbcaM
beTsGgeKs . enAedImqaM 1959 enaH eTaHbI elak sm sarI cuHpSay
Situation politique en 1960
esckI esIsMu rbs elak enAkg sarBt(man kI k*semc neratm sIhnu

munnwgQaneTAdlRBwtikarNsMxan> enAqaM1960 sUmbJak za
enAkgs:hEdlqg BIz 30 kJa eTAz 6 tula qaM 1959
225
rdaPi:lExr
TgBMuBmCadacxat. pyeTAvijRBHGg< kanEtBRgwgneya:y rbs RBHGg<
EzmeT{t. yagNamij rdsPa Edl:ntUvcattaMg ekayeBle:Heqat

sPa naExminaqaM 1958
k* BMuman KNbkSbqaMgEdr .
226
enAcugqaM
1959
RbeTskmCaer{bcMkare:HeqatRbCamtimYysI
BI
karrkSaTukBrTuksin nUvsPatMNagRbCaCn enAtamExRt. tamry; bCa

mtienaH
sPatMNagbCaCntUvBrTuksin
buEneBleRkaybnabmk
enH :trhUtEtmg . enAedImqaM 1960 KW enA z 3 mina
sab&n
rdaPi:lev{t
Namxagt|g TamTaryk ekaHeqrsmuRT mYycMnYn dUcCa ekaH zI, ekaH esH,

ekaHGnay, ekaHtaEkv nig ekaHeJr . KWenAqaM 1960 enaHEdr EdlkMBgEp
GkEdlecjmux riHKnRBHGg< KWsuTEtCa bJvnEdlmansJb&RtZM> EdleK

:nmkBIRbeTs :raMg. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlTMnasmYy:nekIteLIg rvag
GkesaHRtg nwg semc neratm sIhnu nwg RkumbJvn
eC]nel]nniym .
tamkarBiteTA bJvnTaMgenaH :necaHykcMNucexSay n neya:y rbs
RBHGg< mklatRtdag dUcCa bJaesdkic riyabzskiPUmi rbs namWunExr
EdlecHEtman bnmkeT{t enAeBlmYy Edl rcnasm&nvb|Zm( kMBugvivteqaH
RkugRBHsIhnu :nRtUvsemaZ. kMBgEpenaHCaGMeNayrbs:raMg EdlxitxM
eTArkPaBsm&yTMenIb eTAehIyenaH eRJHenAtamsalaer{n EdleTIb nwg:n
RBwtikarNsMxanmYyeT{tenAqaM60enaH
ceRmInyagxaMgEdr enAkgRbeTsTaMgmUl. enAz 15 sIha qaM 1960 ex{v
eZIVyagNa CYykMuoRbeTskmCa rNbnwg kMBgEp enAev{tNamxagt|g.

KWkarcUlCIvg<t
RtUvbeg,IteLIg Canbnab enAtamExRt_Rkg TiBlmkBIbreTs
k*mankarrIk
RBHmhakSRtExr
rdsPa :nEtgtaMgRkumRbwkSaraCanusiTi
edIm|IedaHsay
rdmRnImhap KWelak KU run. eRkayenaHbnic elak KU run :nedaHElgGk
kSRteT eRJHRBHGg<cgman tYnaTI CaRbmuxrdvij KWGktMNagsab&nmYy d*
s<almuxmak cabsRmat exaGav enAkNalzl. KW enAqaM 1960 enaHehIy
RBH:Tneratm suraRmit enAz 3 emsa. enHCabJamYy d* cRmUgcRmas.

enAz
emsa
karsgraC.
semcneratm
xsEdlBMumanEcgesaH
sIhnu
RTgBMuRBmTTYlParkic
enAkgrdZmnuJ.
x\MnwgelIkeLIg
Ca
RBHmha
GMBIbJaenH
enA
kgcMBUkeRkay mYyedayELk . buEn munnwgQaneTAdlenaH sUmbJakza

enAz 5 mina tamry;RbCamtimYy semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvGke:H
eqatylRsbzVaytYnaTI CaRBHRbmuxrd dlRBHGg< ehIyenAz 14 minaqaM
1960
Etmg.
dEdlenaH rdsPa:nEtgtaMgRBHGg<
CaRbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa
6 zbnabmk semc neratm sIhnu RBHRbmuxrd n RbeTs kmCa
sMpn nig GkkaEsteqVgniym 17 rUb :nRtUvKr:lcabxn . kalenaH

TaMgenaH omanesrIPaBvij . buEn enAzenaHg ex{v sMpn :nRtUvmnusSmin
EdlbkSkumuynisExr er{bcMkmviZIzIrbseK . enAcenaH z 28 nig 30 kJa
bkS RbCaCn bdivt kmCa:nebIkmhasni:trbseK KW Gg<RbCMusmatmYy
EdlRbRBwtieTAenAkgTUrTHePIgenA sanIyrzePIg TIRkugPMeBj. KW enAeBlenaH

ehIy EdlbkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa
vij .
:nbr eQaH rbseK mkCa bkS Blkr
:nEzgenAcMeJHmuxrdsPaza RBHmatarbsRBHGg<KWRBHmhakSRtiyanIikusm;
Ca GktMNag RBHraCvgS n kSRtExr .
ekABIImankarEbbYl enAkg sab&n
neya:y man RBwtikarNmYycMnYn EdlbJakza clna
Exr khm
cab
epImmansnHmYyzIeT{t . semc neratm sIhnu RTgmankgVlyagxaMg eRJH

227
228
bJaEtgtaMgsemcneratm sIhnu
raCanusiTi. rIsmaCik 2 rUbeT{t KW elak pU eRB]g nig elak eRT]g kag.
CaRbmuxrd nRbeTskmCaenAqaM 1960
dW mugetrU. KYrktsMKalza bunanEx muneBl EdlbJaenH ekIteLIg KWenA Ex
Problme relatif la nomination

du prince Norodom Sihanouk au poste de
Chef de lEtat du Cambodge en 1960
RkumRbwkSaenaH mansmaCikeRt[m BIrrUbeT{t KW elak eTB pn nig elak BITU
sIha qaM 1959 semc neratm sIhnu :nyageTA RbeTsev{tNam xag

t|g . karenH :neZIVoGkRbqaMg Edlmanninakar kumuynis beJj karmin
eBjcitrbseK . bnabBI :ner{bcMrdaPi:lmYyzIeT{t enAz 25 kk,da qaM
1959 dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu :nseRmcBRgwg rdaPi:l rbs
RBHGg< enAcMeJHmuxGkRbqaMg TaMgsgxag. RBHGg< :nesIsMuordsPa er{b

enAExemsaqaM 1960 bnabBI RBH:TsuraRmit :ncUlCIvg<teTA karbn
raCsm|tiecaTeLIgCabJamYy d*sKsaj. edayeKarBJksna rbsRBH
Gg< kalBIqMa 1955 semc neratm sIhnu RTgBMuRBmeLIgesayraCvijeT.

buEn rdZmnuJExrenAeBlenaH GnuJatoEtry;eBl 3 z bueNaH edIm|Icat
taMgRBHmhakSRtzI . edaysemcbyuvraC neratm sIhnu RTgBMusBVRBHraC

h#T&y dakRBHmata rbs RBHGg<RBHmhakSRtiyanIkusm; oTTYlbnkd*Zn
Zr EbbenH ry;eBl 3 z k* kngput:teTA. enA cMeJHmuxsanPaBenH

rdsPa k* seRmcbeg,It RkumRbwkSaraCanusiTimYy edIm|ICMnYs CabeNaHGasn
sin. enAz 5 emsa nItiRkmcuH z 4 emsa :nRtUvRbkasoeRbI edayRkm
elx 384 ns rbsRbZanrdsPa EdlkanmuxnaTI CaRbmuxrdsITI enAeBl

Gvtman n Rbmuxrd. nItiviZIenH manEcgyagc|asenAkgmaRta 34 n rd
ZmnuJ . nItiRkm z 4 emsa :nCMrujoman karERbRbYl enAkug rdZmnuJ
eRJH eK:nbJlmaRta 30sn mkCamYy ehIyEkERb GtbT maRta 31

nig 33 . enAz 7 emsa RBHGg<mas sIusuvti munIert RBHbitula rbs
semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvRkumRbwkSaraCbl&g, EtgtaMgCa RbZanRkumRbwkSa

229
cMkare:Heqat RbCamtimYy edIm|IoRbCaCnExr eRCIserIsrvagneya:yGBa
Rkwt rbs RBHGg< nig GkdwknaMsaMniym dUcCa elak sWn guk zaj nig
elak sm sarI CaedIm . enAz
7 tula qaM 1959 rdsPa ylRBmer{bcM
kare:HeqatRbCamti ehIyenA Exmizuna qaM 1960 kare:HeqatRbCamti k*

:nRbRBwteTA . elak sWn guk zaj GkdwknaM clna
ExresrI
:nTTYl
Rtwm 133 sMeLgbueNaH . Gkniymkumuynis k*:nTTYl 133 sMeLgEdr

buEn eRkaymk :nseRmce:Heqat osemc sIhnu Etmg. cMENk semc
sIhnu vij RBHGg<RTgTTYl:n dleTA 2 lan 2 mWWun 549 sMeLg. enAz
11 mizuna qaM 1960 RkumRbwkSaraCaNacRk nig rdsPa :nGnum&t
esckI
seRmccitmYy sMuosemcneratm sIhnu TTYlyk muxnaTICa RBHRbmuxrd.
kgT&B nig nKr:l :nnaMKa KaMRTesckIseRmccitenaH yagpuspul. enA
TIRkugEkb k*dUcCaenATIRkugPMeBjRbCaCn :nnaMKaeZIV :tukmyagKRKwkKeRKg

edIm|IsMEdgkarKaMRT rbseK. rI enAkgesckIseRmccit rbs rdsPaenaH
eK:nsMGagza ? eday bJasgraC edaHRsaymin:n enAkg kal;eTs;

bcb|n KWmanEt karRbKlGMNaceTAoGkdwknaMmak Edlman lkNsm|ti
230
RKbRKanRbEkkmin:nEtbueNaH. semcn eratm sIhnu RTgTTYlylRBm
tulPaB d* Bi:k rvag
mYyKaenaH rdsPa :nebIksm&yRbCMu edIm|IBinitesckIRJgc|abmYyEdl
clna kumynis nig clna ExresrI
:nGnum&t esckIRJgc|abenaH bnabmk RkumRbwkSaraCaNacRk k*:nGnum&t
La corde raide : lquilibre impossible entre
ehIyenAz 13 mizuna RkumRbwkSaraCanusiTi k* RbkasrMsay. enAkgeBl Ca

bEnmGtbTxH CacaM:ceTAkgrdZmnuJ eJlKWmaRta 122 zI . rdsPa
eT{t. enAz 14 minaqaM 1960 elak RbZanrdsPa CYb Eh)l Edl:n
RtUvEtgtaMgCa RbmuxrdsITI enAeBlEdl semc neratm sIhnu yageTA
le mouvement des Khmers communistes

et les Khmers Srei
breTsRbkasoeRbI nItiRkm sIBIkarbJlGtbTBiesszIEtmg. karsMGag

enHGaceZIVeTA:n edayEpkeTAelImaRta 34 buEn k*eRJHEtRkumRbwkSaraCanusiTi
TaMgmUl :nRbkasrMsaypgEdr. eTaHCayagNakI k*eKseg,teXIjzardZm

nuJTaMgmUl min:nRtUvBiniteLIgvijeT eRJH maRta 111 Ecgyagc|asza
eK minRtUvbHJl dlrbbraCaniymeLIy . enAkgn&yenH eKGacbkRsay

:nza rbbneya:y k*minGacpasbr:nEdr KW GnuJatobeg,ItEt RbB&n
BiessmYyEdlsankarN tRmUvoeZIVEtbueNaH ehIyenH TRmaM RkumRbwkSa

raCbl&g, EtgtaMg RBHmhakSRtzIsRmabbnraC . KYrktsMKalza RBHRbmux
rd semc neratm sIhnu :ns|zza RBHGg<esaHRtgCanic nwg raCbl&g,
ehIybnRbBNI nGMNac raCaniymCadrab. rImhakSRtiyanIkusm; k*bn

tMNag raCbl&g, Canimit rUbEdr KW KgenAkgRBHraCvaMgbneTAeT{t .
enAqaM 1962-1963 semc neratm sIhnu :nBgwg TMMnakTMng
karTUtyagCitsiT CamYyRbeTscinkumynis buEnTnwmenaH k* RbyuTkMcat

CnkumynisExredaytRtaRbNIEdr.
enA
ExsPa
qaM
1962
GkdwknaM
clnakumynisExr 3 rUb KW ng sYn, Ekv mas nig CU cit GkniBnnayk
kaEst RbCaCn :nRtUvcabxn . GkkaEstmakeT{t n sarBt(man

bJsIla k*:nRtUvcabxnEdr
eRJHEt:ncuHpSaykMNaB rbskvI:raMg
mak n stvtSr TI 18 edIm|IGMJvnavdlmRnIsalakatkI sMukMuoeZIV:b
mnusS tamreb{bskiPUmi. enAqaM 1962 enaHEdr manRBwtikarN 2 Edl

bJakza RbeTsz k*dUc CaRbeTsev{tNam xagt|g kanEtKMramkMEhg
xaMgeTA>eTAelIbUN(PaBEdndI
RbeTskmCa
buEn
edaysarkmaMg
shKmnGnrCati RbeTsCitxagTaMg2 BMuGacQanJnTwkdI Exr bneTAeT{t

:neLIy. enAz 15 mizunaqaM 1962 dEdl tulakar GnrCati TIRkug La eG
(La Haye) :nkatkIer]g RBHvihar oExrQH . buEn enAz 2 tula qaM
1962 GktMNagzenAGg<kar shRbCaCati
:nTamTarykTwkdI :tdMbg
kMBgZM nig es{mrab BIExr ehIy 23 z bnabmk ynehaH RbeTsev{t

231
232
Namxagt|g :nTmakRKabEbkeTAelIPUmiExrCaeRcIn enAtamCayEdn eRJH
7 qaMpg k*RsabEtkayxneTACaGkdwknaM clna kumynisExrTaMgmUlEtmg.
Exr bnabBIpvlM hU CI mij rIkraldal JseBjEpkbUBa( n RbeTs
TTYlmuxtMENgenHyuTCnkumuynisExr Edl:neZIVshkarCitsiTCamYyKN
sMuomankarZanalknik;GBaRkwtPaB n RbeTskmCa o:nRtwmRtUv. enA
2 Exbnabmk enA ExsPa KW eRkay eBlEdl elak RbZanaZibtI RbeTs
kgT&Bev{tkug RbmaN 8 mWunnak :nmke:HTItaMgCaGciRny enAkgTwkdI

kmCa. enAcMeJHmuxsanPaBenH semc neratm sIhnu
:nxitxMGMJvnav
z 20 sIha qaM 1962 dEdl semc neratm sIhnu :nep\Isarlixit
eTARbmuxrdcMnYn 12 RbeTsedIm|IesIsMuoTTYls<al nigZana GBaRkwtPaB
nig bUrNPaBEdndIExr. RbeTs:raMg, RbeTscin, shPaB sUev{t, nig
RbeTsev{tNamxageCIg :nsMEdgkarKaMRT rbseK yageBjTMhwg cMeJH

esckIesIenH . sUmbJakza KWenAbNaqaM 1962-1963 enaHehIyEdl
semc
neratm
sIhnu :nxitxMksag
PUmi-XMu
yagsRsaksRsaM
edIm|I
RbkarEdlKYr
oktsMKalmYyeT{t
KWza
enAeBlEdl
saLt
sr :n
bkSkumynisev{tNam :ncuHzycMnYn enAkgGg<kar sMxan>nclna. Cag

cin RbCamanitu lU ecA CI mkeZIVTsSnkic enARbeTskmCa saLut sr ehA
bul Bt nig eG{g sarI :ne:Hbg karts)U enATIRkugPMeBj ehIyrtcUlRB
:teTA. GkTaMgBIrnakenH :nmktaMgTIenAkEngsmatmYyenACitRsukRkUcqar

ExRtkMBgcam ehIyeZIVshkar CamYy esa Pwm bnmkeT{t . sUmbJakza
TItaMgsmat enaHEdlmaneQaHza
kariyal&yelx 100
sitenA enAeBl
enaHkgtMbn karJr d*mWugmat rbs BYkkumynisev{tNam. buEnTnwmenaH nYn
bnSabTiBl d*xaMgkanmenaKmviCakumynis CaBiess RTwsI rbs BYk
Ca nig sun esn eZIVskmPaBlYclak enATIRkugPMeBj. KwenAeBlenaHehIy
mYy d*sMxan kMBugekItmaneLIg bnabBI TU samut :txnenAz 20 kk,da qaM
katpac bNajsMxan> n BYkkumynis enAkgcMeNambJCn . enA z 8
mhasni:t
34 rUb edIm|IoGkTaMgenaH er{bcMKNrdmRnImYy . kugcMeNam vrCn TaMg
kumynisExr . karBit enAkgCYrBYkGkdwknaMExrkumynis mankarERbRbYl

1962. 7 Exbnabmk KW enAz 20-21 kum; qaM 1963 enAkg Okas
Bt
bkSBlkrExr
:nRtUvEtgtaMg
saLut sr EdleRkaymk maneQaH za bul
CaGK<elxaZikarbkS
edayKankare:HeqateRCIstaMgGVI
Edl RkumykBt(mansmat rbs tmesnIy ln nl riHrkmeZa:y
minaqaM 1963 dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu :nekaHehAbJvneqVgniym
34 rUbenaH manbJvnEdlmaneQaHl|I 12 nak KW ? elak Kat qun, elak
TaMgGs. tamkarBit enHCaer]gmYyeJreBjeTAedayGaz(kM:Mg eJHtamlMnaM
ekg vansak, elak ex{v sMpn, elak eTB QIv exg, elak h)U nwm, elak
tMENg d*sMxanenH saLt sr ehAbul Bt :nEtgtaMg eG{g sarI, nYn Ca,
esn, elak CYn RbsiT , elak Ok saKun. buEn edaydwgza CaGnakmYy
mk CasmaCik nKNkmaZikarmCimbkS enAeBlenaH Edr. RbkarEdlKYro
enHkI k*bJvn eqVgniym mYycMnYn sitenAkgrdaPi:l rbs semcneratm
er]g KW esa Pwm eT EdlRtUvTTYlmuxtMENgenH . bnab BI:nTTYlmux

esa Pwm nig vn evt CasmaCik KNGciRny nbkS rI ta muk k*:ncUl
ktsMKal KWza saLt sr ehA bul Bt RtLb BIRsuk:raMgvijBMuTan:n
233
h)U yn, elakecA esg, elak saLt sr, elak eG{g sarI, elak sun
RbkbedayeRKaHzak GkTaMg 34 rUbenaH k*:nRbEkkCadacxat. eTaHCayag
sIhnu eRsc:teTAehIy tYyagelak h)U yn CaedIm. TnwmKa nwg bJa

234
enHEdr
viT
ExresrI
EdlpSayecjBI TwkdIz nig BIRbeTs ev{tNamxag
tMNakkar TI 2 enH shrd Gaemrik bkas vayev{tNam xageCIgEtmg
enaHehIy eJlKW enAz 1 vicika EdlmanrdRbharmYy enAev{tNamxagt|g
bga,bkgT&BRB rbs ev{tkug :nEdr . munnwg Qan eTAdltMNakkarTI 2
ecalEtmg .
van mij CMnYsvij . enAqaMbnab KWenAqaM 1964 enAcMeJHmux yuT saRszI
t|g ez,aleTas semc sIhnu edayKansMc. sUmbJakza KWenAqaM 1963

vayrMlMrbb ega Dwn yam nig bneQaH ega Dwn j Edl:nRtUveKsmab
eJHeKylza
ebIeK
bg,abev{tNamxageCIg
min:neTenaH
eKk*
BMuGac
TIkugvasIugetan :nvayrMlM rbb ega Dwn yam ehIy daktmesnIy DYg

rbs Gaemrik eJlKW sRg<amRTgRTayZM GkdwknaM TIRkughaNUy BMu:n
dkzy bnnriyabzGVIeLIy EtEbrCaet{mlkN; byuT nwig kgT&B
karpac CMnYyeyaZa nig esdkic
GaemrikyagxaMgkaeTAvijKWedaybJlkgT&BCaecIneTACYyev[tkug
enAev[t
shrd Gaemrik enA qaM 1963
Namxagt|g ehIyedayGMJvnav sMuCMnYy smareyaZasmab eZIVsg<am
Rejet du prince Sihanouk de toutes les
TaMg 2 enH eTaHbImanTMnas nwgKak*eday k*:neqIytb nwg karGMJvnavenH
sm&yTMenIb BIbeTscinkumynis nigBIshPaBsUev{t eT[tpg. RbeTs

Edr . mun nwgbriyay GMBIsPaBkarN enAqaM 1964 sUmktsMKalzaenA qaM
aides militaires et conomiques
1963
des Etats-Unis en 1963
ExresrI
1963
bJakyagc|asza
shrd
bnvay CMhrneya:y rbs semc
neratm sIhnu edaytbNI eJHBHGg<tUveKecaTbkanza cUld Ca

mYyBYkev{tNamkumynis.
KWenAeBlenaHehIy
EdlTIkugvasIugetankMBug
et{mlkN; cUleTAkg tMNakkarTI 2 n sRg<amenAev{tNam . sUm
bJakza BIqaM 1956 dlqaM 1964 shrd Gaemrik :nGnuvt yuTsaRs

sRg<amRTgRTaytUc
buEncabBIqaM
RBwtikarNmYycMnYn EdlbJakza
semc
neratm sIhnu k* eRt{mlkN;katpacTMnakTMng CamYy shrd Gaemrik
BwtikarNEdlekItmaneLIgenAqMa
GaemrikRBmTaMg clna
enARbeTs kmCa man
1964eK:nkMNtykyuTsaRssRg<am
RTgRTayZMEtmg KW minRtwmEtRbyuT kMeTckmaMgev{tkug bueNaHeT. enAkg
235
Edr. enAz 9 vicika qaM 1963 enaH semc neratm sIhnu :nRcanecal nUv
CMnYyeyaZa nig esdkic rbs shrd Gaemrik ehIy 3 z bnabmk cat
taMgRBHraCbuRt rbsRBHGg< neratm NaraDIbU CaGkEdlRtUvsgRBH Gg<Ca
GkdwknaM clna sg<mraRsniym . RBHGg<masNaraDIbU CabuRtrbs semc

neratm sIhnu CamYyRBHGg< maskSRtI sIusuvti munIeksan. enAEx vicika qaM
1963 enaH manRBwtikarN 2 eT{t EdlKYroktsMKal KW Xatkm d*
Gaz(kM:Mg pacCIvit elakRbZanaZibtI shrd Gaemrik yUn kiNWDI enAz 22

vicika nig karkateTasRbharCIvitExresrI eQaH RBab Giun . elak Giun taM
EdlkalenaH CaGPi:lexttaEkv :nCYysMuo RBab Giun cUlmkkgRbeTs

236
kmCa edayEzmTaMgman karGnuJatiBI naykrdmRnI neratm knl eT{tpg.
n karGPivDn enAkgeKalkarN esdkic esrIniym eJlKW neya:y
eTaHCayagenHkI k* RBab Giun :nRtUveKRbharCIvit CasaZarN; enARtJMg
CatUbnIykm Edlsakl|g katbnyGMNac d* xaMgka n shRKwn kCn.
RkLwgEdr. enHCabTBiesaZnmYyd*CUrctbMput sRmabGkneya:yExr ehIy
buEnenH k*Cakta nbraC&y ndMeNIresdkic RbeTsTaMgmUlEdr. eTaHCayag
dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvGkneya:yExr EdlRbqaMg nwg
Zanaoman karrIkceRmIn RKbrcnasm&nEdr CaBiess karrIkceRmIn n rcna
EdlRbvtiviTU :ncarTukenAkgTMB&rRbvtisaRs TukCaemer{n. enAcugqaM 1963

kumynis riHKnyagxaMg. elak Duk rasIu Tiet{nneya:y esdkic rbs
Nak*eday k*BMumann&yza karGnuvtn eKalkarN esdkic esrIniym Cakar

sm&nsg<m enAkgkrNI EdlBYk shRKwn KanTisedABRgIknig Zana KuN
RBHGg< rhUtdlRBHGg<RTaMteTAeT{tElgekIt . eTaHCayagenHkI k*RBHGg<xitxM
PaB plitkm kgRbeTs edIm|InaMecj nig rkSatulPaB JNiCeRkARbeTs.
KW rdaPi:l Edl:nRtUvEtgtaMgenAExtulaqaM 1962 . enATIbMput rdaPi:l
eRkaymkeT{tkI k*esdkicExr enAeBlenaH enAEtcuHRsutdEdl . enAkgrda
rkSaTukrdaPi:lcRmuH dwknaM edayRBHGg<mas neratm knl bnmkeT{tEdr
eTaHbI GkesdkicesrIniym :nRtUvykmkdak CMnYsGkeqVgniym enAeBl
cRmuH rbsRBHGg<mas neratm knl :nRtUvruHerI enAz 25 ZqaM 1964
Pi:l TI 2 rbs RBHGg<mas neratm knl KW rdaPi:lEdlRKbRKg
edIm|IdksmaCikeqVgniymsMxan> ecjehIy ykGksaMniym mkCMnYsvij .
RbeTs BIz 25 Z qaM 1964 mkTl z 7 sPa qaM 1965 elak h)U yn
mantYnaTI d*sMxan . ex{v sMpn enAeBlenaH :nxitxMer{bcM esdkicExr
buEn xagRksYgJNiCkm elak ex{v sMpn :nRtUvCMnYs eday elak sU
enAkgrdaPi:lTI 1 rbs RBHGg<mas neratm knl ex{v sMpn nig h)U yn

edayykcitTukdak CaTIbMput CaehtueZIVoGkxH eg]gqlza ehtudUcemc:n
Caex{v sMpn EbrCaeTACYy rbb semc neratm sIhnu dUecH KW KYrEteZIV
yagNa bgajoeXIjza manEtlTikumynis bueNaH EdlGacedaHRsay
bJasg<mExr:n edayeCaKC&y. karBit ex{v sMpn Gnuvt RTwsI maskar

katbnyTiBlbsimRbeTsCasnSwm> buEnenHk*CaRkwtRkmesdkic karBar
plitpl kgRbeTs d*RtwmRtUvmYyEdr. ex{v sMpn xitxM katbnycMNay
saZarN; edIm|IbnyGRta GtiprNa rkSatulPaB karnaMecj nigkarnaMcUl
ehIydakGakr yagZnZrcMeJHplitpllRbNitEdlnaMcUlmkkgRbeTs.
rdmRnI RksYgEpnkar :nRtUvdkecj ehIyCMnYsedayelak emA say vij.

ENm EdlCaGkeqVgniymdUcKa.
esdkic RbeTskmCa
sm&ysg<mrasniym
LEconomie du Cambodge des annes 60
bnabBI:n Rcanecal CMnYy EpkeyaZa nig esdkic rbs shrd
eTaHCayagenHkI k* ZnaKar BiPBelak rkSaCanicnUvkarRbugRy&t rbs eKEdr
Gaemrik RbeTskmCa man karlM:klMbin yagxaMg kgkarrkSatulPaB n
eRJH ex{v sMpn :nbJl nUvkarEkTRmgmYy EdlminRsbeTAnwg RkwtRkm
zvikaCati CaBiess kgnya:y elIkkmsCIvPaB RbCaksikr . edIm|Ibn
237
238
neya:yenH Edlman karKaMRT BI sMNak GkeqVgniym semc neratm
cUlkgkickar dwknaMneya:y pgeT{t. RtgcMNucenH TsSn; rbs semc
enAeBlenaH mankMhwg d *mhima . buEn bnabBIrdaPi:l TI 2 rbs RBHGg<
bT bNit Edlman cMNgeCIgza
BI z 25 Z qaM 1964 mk Gkneya:ysaMniym Edlman kgT&B Ca
packarrNb nwgbsimRbeTs ehIyksag esdkicCatimYy edayxng.
sIhnu
:nkatbny NTan xagEpkeyaZaEtmg CaehtueZVIo kgT&BExr
mas neratm knl :ndakGksaMniym oCMnYsGkeqVgniymvij KW cabtaMg

bEgk :nkatbnyzTijRsUv BIksikrvijmg CaehtunaMo rdbgitbgM RbCa
ksikr obeg,InTMhMdIeZVI ERs 1 Ca 2 edIm|IlkRsUvord nig Qjpg ehIy
edIm|IciJwmRKYsarpg. buEn karkMhitenH CakartRbeyaCn . seRmcsRmYl
eTA xagNa k*mineBjcit nwg rdaPi:lEdr KW TaMgxagkgT&B TaMgxagRbCa

ksikr . buEn eTaHbI semc neratm sIhnu sitenAeRkamkarKabsg,t rbs
sIhnu nig TsSn;rbs ex{v sMpn min xusBIKabunaneLIy. enAkg niekb
Les difficults dindustrialisation au
Cambodge ( sSahUbnIykm d*Bi:k n RbeTskmCa ) ex[v sMpncg
cMeJH Gkesdkic PaKecIn enHCakarRsemIRsmmYy d*ZM . enAkgkarksag

esdkic n
RbeTskmCa bJaEdlsKsajbMput KW karxVHsgarN; nig
ehdarcnasm&n EdltUvkarTun sRmabeZIVvinieyaK d* eRcInsnwksnab ehIy
tamkarBiteTA KWmanEt bsimRbeTs bueNaH EdlGacCYy:n. mYyvijeT[t

minRtwmEt ehdarcna sm&nesdkic dUcCapvzl san kMBgEp bueNaHeT
Gkneya:ysaMniymyagNakI k*RBHGg<enAEt bnneya:y tamEbbsg<m
EdlRbeTskmCa tUvksagedIm|InaMRbeTs eqaHeTArk PaBsm&yTMenIb nig
niym riHKnyagxaMgdl neya:yeZVICatUbnIykm vis&ysMxan> n esdkic
sg<m dUcCamnIreBT nigsalaer[npgEdr. dUecHeXIjza karrIkceRmIn TaMg
niym rbsRBHGg<eT[t . GkEdlmanCMen] eTAelIeKalkarN esdkic esrI
Exr rbs RBHGg< CaBiess karEdlRBHGg< karJrshRKasCati yag
sVitsVaj enAcMeJHmuxkarRbkYtRbECg rbsbreTs . eKGacniyay:nza
enAeBlenaH semc neratm sIhnu k* dUcCa Gkneya:y eqVgniymEdr man

eKaledAEtmYyKWTbTl nwg TiBlrbsbsiwmRbeTspg ehIy elIktem,Ig
karlUtlasesdkic . TnwmenaH eKtUvsagsg ehdarcnasm&n EpkCIvPaB

Epkesdkic TaMgEpksg<m n RbeTskmCa enAeBlenaH :nCYb nwg b
sK<<mYy d*ZM . buEn minEmn EtRbeTskmCa bueNaHeT RbeTsttIyelak
RbeTskMBugGPivD swgEtTaMgGsEdlsbexIm TiBlbsimRbeTs eJlKW
lTiesrIniym esdkic k*manbJa dUcKaenHEdr . rI mhaGMNackumynis
kRmitCIvPaB rbsRbCaCnpg buEn enHCakarmYy d*Bi:k eRJHza Gacbeg,In
k*KanlTPaBRKbRKan sRmabCMrujkarlUtlasRbeTsTaMgenaHeTAeT[t eRJH
RbeTsEtmg. buEn KW CMnYyBIbsimRbeTsenH Etmg Edl semc neratm
ehtuza eKnaMKaeC]za smUhPaBCakmaMg rIbuK<lKWKantmGVITaMgGs. enAkg
kRmitCIvPaB RbCaCn:n KWTalEtmanCMnYy BIbreTs CaBiess BI bsim

sIhnu nig ex[v sMpn mincg:n edaymUlehtu neya:y Catiniym nig
tamkaBit eKalkarNesdkic sg<mniym CakarRsemIRsmmYy d*ZM eday

krNI n RbeTskmCa CMnYybreTsmantYnaTI d*ZM enAkgkarGPivDn esdkic
menaKmviCakumynispg nigkarRtUvTbTl nwgTiBlbsimRbeTspg ehIy
n RbeTsTaMgmUl. eRkABIkarsagsg ehdarcnasm&n esdkic nigsg<m
239
240
enAkgenaH karrIkceRmIn n TiBl rbs BYk KhbtI EdlGac eRC{tERCk
CMnYybreTs enAeBlenaH CaktasirkmmYy d*cm|g nzvikaCati nrUbiyvt
nJNiCkmeRkARbeTs nig dMeNIrkar nhirJvtsaZarN;. CMnYybreTs
semc neratm sIhnu :nesIsMuebIksnisIT ctuPaKImYy edIm|IkarJrGBa
eRb[beZ[beTArUbiyvt n RbeTsCitxag nana. CMnYy Edl breTs pl
lav RbeTs z nigRbeTs ev[tNam eKarBbUN(PaBEdndIEx. buEn 17 z
enAeBlenaH Cakta ntulPaBR:ker[l EdlCarUbiyvtmYy man lMnwg l
mkokmCa enAeBlenaH suTEtCaCMnYyEdlKaneRKaHzak. PaKeRcIn Casmar
RkwtPaB rbs RbeTskmCa. semc neratm sIhnu :nesIsMuoRbeTs

eRkaymk KWenA z 6 mina RksYgkarbreTs shrd Gaemrik EbrCaKaMRT
brika nig kargarsuTsaZ . tamZmta CMnYyCarUbIyb&N eRcInEtnaMoxUc
karTamTar rbs RbeTsz nig RbeTs ev[tNamxagt|gEdlCasm&nmit
tUvkatpac enAqaM 1963 enaH suTEtCaCMnYyEdlminbHJl dlsuxPaB n
GaC\aZrExr edIm|Iez,aleTas shrdGaemrik . bnabmk enAz 26 mina yn
rUbiyvt eRJHvaecInnaMeTArk kMeNIn GaRta GtiprNa . buEn CMnYyEdl:n
rbseKeTAvij.
enAz
11
mina
:tukmmYycMnYn :ntUver[bcMeLIgeday
esdkicCatieT. eTaHCamankarBi:krkSatulPaBzvika nigrUbiyvtkI k*esdkic
ehaHGaemrik nigrzeRkaH RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g eRkambJakar rbs
nUv EpnkarR:MqaM TI 1 rbs semc neratm sIhnu EdlcabepIm BIqaM 1960
CagmYyExeRkaymk KWenAz 7 sPa PUmi taGI enAkgextsVayer[g nig
ExrenAqaM 1964-1965 ecHEtmandMeNIrkarTbTl:n
CaBiess rkSa:n
Tahan
Gaemrik :nkMeTc
PUmicna
ehIy
nay
eZIV:bRbCaCnExryagexacpSa.
eTAdl qaM 1964 . EpnkarR:MqaM TI 1 enH man lkN;viCman l RtwmtUv
PUmiZk :ntUvkgT&B nig rzeRkaH 13 eRK]g rbskgT&Bev[tNam xagt|g
3 PaKry sRmabmak> nig kgmYyqaM> ehIy edIm|IseRmc:n eK:neRKag
kmCaCaCRmkmYy d*ZM rbs kmaMgts)Uev[tkug . enAz 7 sPaenaH RbeTs
tamviZIsaRsrbsva eRJHeKaledA KWkarbeg,In plitplkgRbeTs kgkRmit
TukCamun nUv brimaN n vinieyaK EdlEbgEckCa 2 RbePT KW 33 PaKry

sRmab vinieyaK kCn ehIy 67 PaKry sRmabvinieyaKsaZarN;.
bJaGBaRkwtPaB nig bUrNPaB EdndIExr
vayRbhar edaytRtaRbNI. enAeBlenaH shrd Gaemrik catTuk RbeTs

kmCa :ndakJkbwgGg<kar shRbCaCati Cabnan. enAz 19 sPa kum
RbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRbCaCati :nyksMNMuer]genaH mkBinit. RbeTs

:raMg EdlCasmaCiknkumRbwkSa :nTamTaroeKrkyutiZ(m oRbeTskmCa.
enA z 28 sPa qaM 1964 dEdl RkumRbwkSasnisux Gg<kar shRb
enAqaM 1964
CaCati :nbJn ebskCn rbseKmko Binit ehtupl enAkEngekItehtu .
Le problme de neutralit et dintgrit
KW oshrd Gaemrik sgCmWcit nig zxUcxatTaMgGs . enAkgeBlCamYy
enATIbMput KWenAz 6 mizuna qaMdEdl kumRbwkSasnisux :nseRmc oExrQH
territoriale khmres en 1964

enAkgqaM 1963_1964 nig qaMCabnbnab mkeT[t shrd Gaemrik
eZVIkarKabsg,tyagxaMgeTAelI RbeTskmCa . enA z 19 kum; qaM 1964

241
KaenaH kumRbwkSasnisux :nesIo rd nig GC\aZrTaMgGs enAkgelakTTYl
s<al nigeKarBGBaRkwtPaB RBm TaMgbUN(PaB TwkdIExr. enAz 24 mina
enAeBlEdl semc neratm sIhnu yageTAeZVITsSnkic enARbeTs:raMg

242
tmesnIy sak dW eh,al
(Charles De Gaulle) KaMRTyageBjTMhwg nUv
enA kgbribT nsg<amenH ebIRbeTskmCarujRcanT&Bev[tNam kumynis o
EdndI rbsxn . bnabBIer]grav TaMgLayxagelIenH semc neratmsIhnu
rvag mhaGMNac menaKmviCaTaMg 2 . buEn RbeTskmCa KanmeZa:y GVI
eNaH enH k*Ca OkasmYy d* lEdr sRmabBRgwgTMnakTMng CamYyRbeTs
erIsyk elakkumynis eZVICabEgkeTAehIy. KW edayehtu enHehIy :nCa
esckIesI rbs RbeTskmCa sMuoeKTTYls<alGBaRkwtPaB nig bUN(PaB
RTg:nseRmcrwtcMNgmitPaB CamYy RbeTscinEtmg. xagshPaB sUev[t

kmCa.
enA z 20 kJa qaM 1964 dEdlenaH viCasanbeckeTs Canxs
ecjputBI
TwkdIExrmin:neT RbeTskmCa nwgkayeTACa smrPUmimYy
d*ZM
edIm|IbeNj kgT&Bev[tkugTalEtesaH . mageT[t RbeTskmCa :neRCIs
karcrcaepSg> rvagRbeTskmCa nig RbeTsev[tNamxageCIgsIBI bJabUN(
Exr-sUev[t EdlCaGMeNay rbs sUev[t :ntUvsemaZ ehIymYys:h
PaBEdndI :nkayeTACa er]gkMEbgTaMgGs. enATIbMput enAz 3 sPa qaM
KWenAkgOkas enaHehIy EdlRbeTscin :nseRmc plCMnYyeyaZa eTAo
GaemrikeT. KW enAqaM 1965 enaHehIy EdlsaLt sr Ekv mas nig Gk
edIm|I CYyRbeTskmCa enAkgkrNI Edlman karQanJn . enAkgOkas
eZVIdMeNIr eTATIRkughaNUy ebkaMg nig Bgyag tampvlM hU CImij.
eRkaymk semc neratm sIhnu k*yageTAeZVI RBHraCTsSnkicenARbeTscin.
RbeTs kmCa edayKUsbJakbEnmza RbeTscin eRt[mlkN; CaeRsc
TsSnkicenaH GktMNagRbeTskmCak*:neZVIkarcrca sIBI kareKarBbUN(PaB

EdndIExrCamYy GktMNagrNsir rMedaHCati ev[tNampgEdr eRJHzaTwkdIExr
1 PaK enA eBlenaH :ntUv kgT&Bev[tkugeRbIR:sedIm|I eZVICalanRbyuT
1965 RbeTskmCa KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIpacTMnakTMngTUt CamYy shrd

dwknaMExrkumynis nanaeT[t :ncakecjBI
kariyal&y elx100
enHman ry;eBl 9 Ex .
dMeNIr
TIbJb n GBaRkwtPaB rbs RbeTskmCa
rbs eK. eTaHCayagNakI KanGVIEdlGacZanaza RbeTsev[tNam kumynis
enAqaM 1965
eqHyagsenasenA enAkg tMbnNcinTaMgmUl . enAz 20 tula qaM 1964
25 novembre 1965 : la neutralit
dEdlenaH ynehaHGaemrik:nTmakRKabEbkeTAelIPUmi Gng ERks enAkg
khmre tire sa fin
nwg eKarBJk rbseK:neT CaBiessenAkgbribT nsg<ammYy EdlkMBug
edIm|I
ExRtkMBgcam bNaloRbCaCnExr 8 nak:tbgCivit . 4 zeRkay mk

bus enAdakdaM enAkgext mNlKIrI :ntUvTmaKcRkGaemrik :jrH eday
tRtaRbNI . sUmbJakEdrza kgT&Bev[tkug Edlbn bg,bxnJseBj
EpkbUJ( n RbeTs kmCa :ntUvkgT&BGaemrik nig kgT&Bev[tNam xagt|g
edjtamkMeTc yagsahav buEn GkTTYlrgeRKaH KW RbCaCnExr eTAvijeT.

243
cabtaMgBIz 27 kJaqaM 1964 mk KWcabBIRBHraCTsSnkicrbs
semc neratm sIhnu enATIkugebkaMg GBaRkwtPaB n RbeTskmCa :n

tUvbHJlCaTmn.
enAkgOkasTsSnkicenaH
244
RBHRbmuxrd
nRbeTskmCa
:nTTYlkarZanaCamUldan BIsMNak RbeTscinRbCamanitu nig BIsMNak
bRmugyageTA shPaB sUev[t
manitu :nplkarKaMRT EpkeyaZa rbseKeTAoRbeTskmCa kgkrNIEdl
vayRbhareTAelIPUmiExr :ZU KWPUmi 1 EdlsitenAkgExRtsVayer[g bNal
bUN(PaBEdndIExrEdr. mYyqaMeRkaymk KW enAExmizuna qaM 1965 RbeTs ev[t
ln nl
rNsirrMedaH RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g
. enAeBlenaH RbeTscin RbCa
mankarQanJn. rIrNsirrMedaHCati rbs ev[tkug k* snaza nwg eKarB
NamxageCIg :nsakl|geRbI clna kumynisExr oRbyuT nwg shrd
Gaemrik CamYyxnEzmeT[t. KWenAExmizuna qaM 1965 enaHehIy EdlsaLt

sr,
Ekv mas nig GkdwknaM clna kumynisExrmYycMnYn :neZVIdMeNIrtam
pvlM hU CImijeTAkan TIRkughaNUy. enATIkughaNUy saLt sr nig Ekv
mas :nCYb nwgExrmakEdlCaCnkumynisNcin eQaH Ekv munI. Ekv munI
/ TIRkugmUs< k*lubTsSnkic rbsRBHGg<
ecalEtmg. enAz 15 tula qaM 1965 enaH kgT&B shrd Gaemrik eZVIkar
omnusS 7 nak :tbgCIvit . CagmYyExeRkayRBwtikarNenH tmesnIy

:ncuHhtelxaeTAelI snisJaeyaZamYy CamYy embJakar
GK<esnaZikardancin. snisJaenaHtRmUvo RbeTskmCa TTYlehIy karJr

Gkts)U
kumynisev[tNam
enAtamtMbn
CayEdn
ehIyEzmTaMgsnaza
kmCa nwg GnuJatoRbeTscin dwksmareyaZa qgkat RbeTskmCa eTAo

Gkts)URB ev[tNampgeT[t . KW snisJa enHehIy EdleZVI olknik;
GBaRkwtPaB tampvc|ab rbs Exr kayeTACa Kann&yGVIeT[t TaMgGs KW
sitenA TIRkughaNUy taMgBI qaM 1954 mk. enAkgOkas eBlsakGaRs&y
:tbg suBlPaBTaMgRsug. minEtbueNaHesat mankicRBmeRB{gsmat mYy
mYy eL y&n
RBmeRB{gsmatenaH kgT&BExr GacrkSaTuk 10 PaKry n CMnYyeyaZa Edl
enATIRkughaNUy saLt sr nig Ekv mas :neZVIkarcrca CasmatmYy Ca
(Le Duon) buEn karcrcaenaH BMu:neZVIo saLt sr man
eT[t rvagsemc neratm sIhnu nig BYkev[tNamkumynis . tamry;kic
TsSn;suTidiniym cMeJH clna kumynisExreT. eRkaykarcrcaenaH saLt
RbeTs cintUvpl eTAoclnakumynis ev{tNam . KW taMgBIeBlenaHmk
ecA CI nig etg s)av BIg . saLut sr EdleRkaymkmaneQaHza bul
ev[tkug. cabtaMgBIz 21 Z qaM 1965 enaHmk GaC\aZr eyaZaGaemrikaMg :n
sr :neZVIdMeNIreTATIRkugebkaMg ehIy :nCYbBiPakSaCamYy emA es Tug lI
Bt :nsakGaRs&yenAebkaMg Gsry;eBl 2 Ex munnwgeZVIdMeNIr eTATIkug

Bgyag RbeTskUerxageCIg . enAeBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu yageTA
TIRkugebkaMg nig TIkugBgyag RBHGg<BMu:ndwgza saLt sr sitenATIenaH

EdreT . niyay BITIRkugmUs< enaHvij kalebIdwgza semc neratm sIhnu
manTMnakTMng CitsiT CamYycinRbCamanitu k*mankareTamnsSyagxaMg eRJH
ehIyEdlshrdGaemrik ecaTRbeTskmCaza :nplCRmk eTAo BYkts)U
bJaoeZVIkarvayRbhar eTAelIRbeTskmCaEtmg . enAqaMbnabmk KWenAEx

mkraqaM
1966
ev[tNamxageCIg
:nbeg,ItGg<PaBeyaZamYy
edIm|Ibgat
hVwkhVWn kgT&BRBExr. Gg<PaBeyaZaenaH EdlmaneQaHza eb 36
(P 36)
:ntUvdak ositenAeRkam karRKbRKgpal rbs EL dwk zU . 2 - 3 Ex
bnabmk KwcabtaMgBIz 19 mina shPaB sUev[t cabepImbJn CMnYyeyaZa
enAeBlenaH RbeTscin RbCamanitu nigshPaB sUev[t TasETgKayagxaMg.
eTAo RbeTskmCa . KYrktsMKalpgEdrza enAeBlenaH kgT&BExr k*:n
245
246
enAz 8 tula qaM1965 dEdlenaH enAeBlEdl semc neratm sIhnu
edjrujRcan kgT&BzEdlcUlmkRBHvihar odkzyeTAvij . kgT&Bz Edl
cUlmk RBHvihar enAz 3 emsa :ntUvkgT&BExr edjeTAvijGs enAz 6

emsa .
eBlEdl sg<amenAev[tNam kMBugeqHsenasenA bkSkumynisExr :ncak

ecjBI
kariyal&yelx100
enAkMBgcam edIm|IeTAtaMgTI enA rtnKIrI
Epk
san n RbeTskmCa . enAz 1 kJaqaM 1966 dEdlenaH tmesnIy
C&yCMnH rbs GkGPirkSenA
sak dW eh,al
(Charles De Gaulle) :nGeJIj mkeZVITsSnkic CaRbvti
kgkare:HeqatsPa qaM 1966
sasmYy enA kmCa . enAkgsnrkza d* l|Il|ajmYy tmesnIy dW
La victoire des conservateurs
TTYlkraC KW mann&yza shrd Gaemrik tUvEteKarB eKalkarNenH. enA
eh,al :nKaMRTyagmWugmat dl siTisV&yseRmc rbs RbCaCnEdl:n

z 11 ExkJaqaM 1966 enaH RbeTskmCa er[bcMeZVI kare:HeqatEtgtaMgGk
aux lgislatives de 1966
tMNagraszI.
bnabBI :ncuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJaeyaZa CamYyRbeTscin
RbCamanitu enAz 25 vicika qaM 1965 RbeTskmCa :nvivteqaHeTArk san

PaBneya:ymYyzIeT[t. semcneratm sIhnu hakbIdUcCa man karen]y
Nay yagxaMg enAcMeJHmux karriHKnrbsGkneya:ysaMniym . mYyvij
eT[t mitPaB CamYyTIkugebkaMg k*hakbIdUcCa kMBugEtERbkay RbeTs kmCa
oeTACalanRbyuTmYyd*ZM tTlnwg shrd Gaemrik pgeT[t. enAqaM 1966

Gkneya:ysaM Edlniym shrd Gaemrik cabepImeZVIkarKabsg,tyagxaMg
eTAelIRBHGg< . enAkgeBldEdlenaH saLt sr nig KNRbtiPU bkSBlkr

Edl:neTAeZVI TsSnkicsmat enA TIkughaNUy TIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkugBg
yag :nvilRtLbmk
kariyal&yelx 100
rbseK enA RkUcqarvij. enA
ExkJaqaM 1966enaH eBlRtLbmkdl mUldanrbseK
bkSBlkrkmCa
:nebIkGg<RbCMu sMxanmYy edIm|IkMNt kmviZIRbyuT rbs eK ehIy edIm|IERb

eQaH mkCa bkSkumyniskmCa
ehIyEdl
bkSkumyniskmCa
(PCK) dUecHvij. KWtaMgBIeBlenaHmk
mansV&yPaB rbseK . eRkayenaHbnic enA

247
xusEbkBIeBlmun> kare:Heqat enAeBlenaH hakbIdUcCa
man lkN;GnaZibetyyagxaMg KW GkNa k* QreQaH CaebkCn:nEdr

CaehtueZVIo GkmanR:kkas GacTijsnwkeqat edayRsYlbMput .
edIm|IdeNIm Gasn; cMnYn 82 ebkCnEdlcuHeQaH kgbJIKNbkS
sg<mrasniym mancMnYndl eTA 415 rUb. eTaHCayagenHkI k* h)U yn nig
ex[v sMpn :nCabeqatsaCazIeT[tEdr enAkgmNlrbseK . rI lTpl
KW BYkGkGPirkSniym :nTTYleCaKC&y d*eRcInelIslub. bnab BIC&yCMnH

rbsGkGPirkSenAkgkare:Heqat qaM 1966 enaH tmesnIy ln nl :n
tUvEtgtaMgCardmnI TI 1 rI elak sIum va nig elak emA say EdlCaGk

mineBjcit nwg maKa(neya:y rbs semc neratm sIhnu EdrenaH :ntUv
EtgtaMg Ca bnaykrdmnI. GkGg<massIusuvti sirimt; minTanmanmux kg
rdaPi:lenaH enAeLIyeT KW TalEt enAkg rdaPi:l ln nl EtgtaMgenA

z 14 sIha qaM 1969
ehIy Edl:nRtUvRbsiTnam xngza rdaPi:l
eRsacRsgCati eTIbRTgsirimt;ecjmux. eKGacniyay:nza enAqaM 1966
enaH RbeTskmCa:ncUl eTAkgdMNak karmYyzIeT[t. CakarBitehIyEdlza

248
tmesnIy ln
nl enAEtrkSakaresaHRtgrbselak cMeJHsemc neratm
sIhnu dEdl enAeBlenaH buEn esckIesaHRtgkI JksnakI BMuGacsit
karbHe:r RbCaksikr
sircIrkal:neT kalNasanPaB kal;eTs; mankarERbbYleRJH tamkar
enA smt enAz 2 emsa qaM 1967
yagNamij GkGg<mas siusuvti sirimt; EdlmanlMeG[g eTArk shrd
Soulvement de Samlaut en avril 1967
BiteTA Gkneya:yRKanEtCa bkrN n sankarNnImYy> EtbueNaH .

Gaemrik nwig xitxMeZVIGVI> RKbEbbyagTaMgGs edIm|IBnl tmesnIy ln
nl
za
GMNwHteTA
sankarN
:nERbbYlGseTAehIy.
enAcMeJHmux
sanPaBenH semc neratm sIhnu EdlsitenAeRkam karKabsg,t d* xaMgka
BIsMNak TIkughaNUy k*xitxMeZVIyagNa edIm|IrkSa nUv GVIEdlRBHGg< eQVg

ylza CamUldan nGMNac TiBlrbsRBHGg<Edr. edaymanCMen]za kumy
nis BitCamanGnaKtlenANcin RBHGg<k*:nebIkd okgT&B kumyniseRbI
kMBgEp RBHsIhnu enAkMBugesamEtmg eRJH enAqaM 1967 xagmux kgT&BRB
rbsev[tNamkumynis manKeRmagkar er[bcMeRt{mlkN;vayluk RbeTs

ev[tNamxagt|g enAeBlbuNcUlqaMcinqaM 1968 . semc neratm sIhnu
manCMen]za ebIBYkev[tkug :nTTYlC&yCMnH RBHGg< k*muxCa nwg ecjputBI
karKMramkMEhg rbs shrd Gaemrik CaBMuxan . munnwgQan eTAdleBlenaH

sUmbJakzaenAz 18 vicikaqaM 1966 dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu :n
cabepImpleQaHmYyzIeT[t
eTAoBYkExrkumynis.
Kw
cabtaMgBIeBlenaH
mkehIy EdlBYkExrkumynis maneQaHza; ExrRkhm . RBwtikarNKYro

ktsMKalmYyeT[t enAcugqaM 1966 enaH KW karRbharCIvit elak mZura nig
elak ecA bUrI Edl:nRtUvecaTRbkanzaCa
ExresrI . elak mZura :nRtUv
cabxn enAz 24 vicika ehIy elak ecA bUrI enAz 2 Z . GkTaMgBIr :n

RtUv RbharCIvit enAExZ qaMdEdl .
bnabBIGkGPirkS :nTTYleCaKC&y
enAkgkare:HeqatsPa
11
kJa qaM 1966 rdaPi:l rbs tmesnIyln nl :ntUvEtgtaMg enAz

25
tula
qaM
1966
dEdlenaH
buEn
GkGg<mas
sIusuvti
sirimt;
EdlCaGkRbqaMg nwg neya:y rbs semc neratm sIhnu minTanecjmux

enAeLIyeT
enAeBlenaH.
tmesnIy
ln
nl
xitxMeZVIyagNa
edIm|I
bJakza elakenAEtmanPkiPaBcMeJH semc neratm sIhnu Canic rI ebsk

kmCacm|g rbselak KWrujRcan kgT&Bev{tkug oecjputBI TwkdIExr Et
bueNaH. eTaHCayagenHkI k*semc neratm sIhnu man kar:rmyagxaMg xac

ERkg neya:ysm&nPaB rbs RBHGg< CamYyRbeTskumynis tUvreg<aHreg<I
ehIyRcanRBHGg<orbUtecjBIGMNac. mYyvijeT[tkar EdltmesnIy ln
nl :ntUvEtgtaMgCa naykrdmnI BMu:neZVIoGkeqVgniym dUcCa elak h)U

yn elak h)U nwm nig elak ex{v sMpn TTYlyk:neT Caehtu eZVIoman
karRbTajRbTgKamYy yagZM . rI sPaBkarN enAqaM 1967 mandMeNIr
dUcteTA ? enA z TI 6 mkra qaMenaHg semc neratm sIhnu RTgyageTA

RbeTs:raMg ehIysitenATIenaH Gsry;eBl 2 Ex . enAeBlGvtman rbs
semc
neratm
sIhnu
tmesnIy
ln
nl
:n
okgT&BTijRsUvBI
RbCaCnedayozezakbMput eRb{beZ[beTAz enAkgpSar esrI KW 1 PaK bI n

249
250
zRsUvkgpSaresrI. karTijRsUvreb[benH :n CYb nwg viblasmYy d*ZM eRJH
karNsmt
ehIyKMramkMEhgCasaZarN;za nwg bJnGkeqVgniym TaMg 3
maneBlxH eK:nbHJl dlCivit RbCaCn pgeT[t. enAeBlenaH kgT&B
rUbenaH eTAotulakarswkkateTas. enAz 24 emsa h)U yn nig ex{v sMpn
Gaemrik nig ev[tNamxagt|g :nmktaMgTI enA RckRkaj enAkgextkMBgcam
rtcUlRBEtmg . enAzenaHg GktMNagrasGPirkSsaMniym :nnaMKadk
semc neratm sIhnu :nvilRtLb mkkmCa vij ehIy riHKn neya:y
esnIy ln nl laElgBI muxtMENgnaykrdmnI enAz 30 emsa qaM
edayedjRbCaCnExrecjGsBIPUmi. enAz 9 mina qaM 1967 dEdlenaH

rbstmesnIy ln nlyagxaMg. enAz 11 mina ex[v sMpn nig Gk
eqVgniym enAkgclna sg<mrasniym naMKaeZVI:tukm yagKRKwkKeRKg enA

TIRkugPMeBj
edIm|ITamTar otmesnIy ln nl laElgBImuxtMENg.
TnwmenaH enAz 30 mina rdmnI 2 rUb n rdaPi:l rbs elak ln nl KW

elak
emA say bnaykrdmnI nig CardmnI TMnakTMngesdkic RBmTaMg
GP&yksiTi BIelak h)U nwm buEn CakartRbeyaCn CaehtueZVI otm
1967 dEdlenaH. muxtMENgenH :ntUvRbKleTAzVaysemc neratm sIhnu

vij . enAkgrdaPi:lenH semc neratm sIhnu RTg :nEtgtaMg elak sWn
san
Ca bnaykrdmnI CMnYselak emA say ehIy EtgtaMg tmesnIy
dYg sMGul CardmnIkarJrRbeTs CMnYselak Ob Kwm Gag . xagesdkic

elak ecA esg
nig elak TUc Kwm CMnYselak emA say nig elak Duk
elak Duk rasIu rdelxaZikarRksYg Epnkar :ntUvrdsPa edjedalcabzak
rasIu . enAkg CYrrdelxaZikar elak Kat qun :ntUvEtgtaMg CardelxaZikar
e:rmYyenAsmt.
elak Ca sIum nig elak ehg sMrwn :ncUleTAkgCYr Gkts)U kumynis
GMBIneya:y esdkic rbs rdaPi:l . 2 zeRkaymk RsabEtman karbH

enHCaRBwtikarNmYy d*sMxan EdleZVIo semc neratm
sIhnu RtUvRbQmmux nwgstUv 2 Etmg . RBwtikarNbHe:r RbCaksikr enA
smt kgExRt :tdMbg enAz 2 emsaqaM 1967 :neZVIo semc neratm
esdkicCati TTYlbnkxagsSahkm. enAqaM 1967 enaH KW enAExmizuna
enAkgRB rIBYkev[tkug k*:nebIk kariyal&ytMNagrbs eK enATIkugPMeBj
enAExmizuna qaM 1967 enaHEdr eJlKW enAzTI 22 mizuna buEn 2 zeRkaymk
ExrRkhm
KW enAzTI 24 mizuna :nQaneTAdlkRmitsan TUtEtmg. enAeBlenaHnisSit
seg,teXIjmag eT[tza semc neratm sIhnu minRtwmEt vayRbhar eTAelI
nisSitExrEdlman GkeqVgniymKaMRT :nnaMKa vaykMeTc TIsakkar kaEst
RBHGg<EtgEtehAza ExresrI pgEdr. enAz 22 emsa qaM 1967 esA guy
neratm sIhnu naqaM 67 enHehIy Edl kmviZI exmryankm :nRtUv
sIhnu
ylyagc|asza
BYkExrkumynis
EdlRBHGg<ehAza
eRt{mlkN; CaeRsc edIm|IvayrMlM rbbsg<mrasniym rbs RBHGg<. eK
BYkExrkumy nisbueNaHeT EtRBHGg< k*dakeTasyagZnZreTAelICn Edl

:nRtUveKRbharCIvit. enAz 13 sPa
ExresrI
BIrrUbeT[t k*RtUvRbharCIvit
dUc RJb Gwun, mZura, ecA bUrI nig esA guy dUcKaEdr. enAz 22 emsa
RBHGg<ecaTRbkan
h)U
yn,
h)U
nwm
nigex{v
251
sMpn
zaCaGkbeg,It
RBwti
ExreZVIskmPaBRbqaMg nwg GkGPirkSsaMniym yagxaMg . enAz 28 mizuna
ExrkraC rbselak swum va yagRBpS. KW enAkgrdaPi:l rbs semc
er[bcMeLIgCaelIkdMbUgbgs rI rdmnI GbrMCati enAeBlenaH KW elak van

mUlIvan . enAkgrdaPi:l rbs RBHGg< BIz 1 sPaqaM 1967 dlz 31
mkra qaM 1968 semc neratm sIhnu beJjRbtikmyagxaMg cMeJHGkeqVg

252
niym dUcCaelak h)U yn elak ex[v sMpn elak h)U nwm nig elak ePaK
enAqaM 1967 nig qaMbnbnabmkeT[t shrd Gaemrik :nbeg,In
qay CaedIm eTaHbIman smaCiksMxan> CaGkeqVgniym enAkgedaPi:l rbs
karTmakRKabEbk
RBHGg<kI tYyag elak ecA esg elak Kat Quun CaedIm . enAz
2 kJa
ebIeRb{beZ[beTAqaM 1965. eKGacniyay:nza enAeBlenaH shrd Gaem
qay eRJHEtsmaKmenH EckpSBVpSay es[vePARkhm rbs emA esTug .
hSWENv qaM1954 nig rdZmnuJ rbs shrd Gaemrik eT[tpg . buEn Tnwm
qaM 1967 RBHGg< biTsmaKm mitPaB Exr_cin rbs elak h)U nwm nig ePaK
10 zeRkaymkeT[t esrIPaB kgkarbeJjmti RtUvbHJlCaTmn . kaEst
kCnRtUvbiTTVarTaMgGs. enATIbMput enAz 7 tula elak h)U nwm rtcUl RB

bnabBI:nRtUvsemc neratm sIhnu ecaTzaCa Cnk|tCati . KwenA eBlenaH
nig
karvayRbhareTAelIRbeTskmCayag
sMebImGsar
rik :nrMelaPc|abGnrCati edaykeRmal rYmbJlTaMg kicRBmeRB{g TIkug

enaH kgT&Bkumynis ev[tNam minRtwmEtmineKarBbUN(PaB EdndIExr bueNaH
eT
KW :nbHJlCaTmn
dlGZibetyrbsExreT[tpg
neratm
nwg
enAkg
eBl
CamYyKaenaH bnabBIkarpHeLIg n RBwtikarN bdivtnvb|Z(m enARbeTs
ehIy EdlnisSit nig saRsacarCaeRcIn:txn ehIyxH:nRtUv eKsmab
cinenAqaM
GksaMniym k*TTYlrgeRKaHdUcKaGIucwgEdr. sMercsMrYleTA rdaPi:l elak
1967 semc neratm sIhnu :nseRmcbiTsmaKm mitPaB cin_Exr rbs
ecalEtmg.
karBit
minRtwmEt
GkeqVgniym
bueNaHeT
EdlRtUvrgeRKaH
Ebn nut Edlbn ebskkm BIsemc neratm sIhnu BIz 31 mkraqaM 1968
dlz 13 sIhaqaM 1969
:nsuxcitTTYlCMnYy BIshrd Gaemrikvij .
kareRCIserIs d* Bi:k rbs
1966
semc
es[vePARkhm rbs emA esTug
sIhnu
tUvRbQmmux
TiBl
enARbeTskmCa pgEdr. enAz2 kJaqaM
ePaK qay nig h)U nwm Etmg. buEn eday bdivtnvb|Zm(cin :nraldal
dlmCdanepSg>eT[t dUcCaenAkgmYyPaKZM nmCdannisSit nig mYyEpkZM
n mCdan GksarBt(man semc neratm sIhnu KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIbiT
smaKm nisSitExr rbs ePaK qay nig kaEstmYy cMnYneT. enAkgeBl
semc neratm sIhnu rvag elakkumynis
dEdlenaH bnabBI h)U nwm
nig elakesrI
ehIynisSitmYycMnYn :txnEtmg. enAz 25 tulaqaM 1967 dEdlenaH
Le prince Norodom Sihanouk en
rteTABYnlakxn enAkgRBPMRkvaj enAz 7 tula
bUlIs rbs semc neratm sIhnu
:ncabsaRsacar nig nisSitCaeRcInrUb
semc neratm sIhnu ez,aleTas yagxaMg dlGVI EdlRBHGg<ehAza Exr
Rkhm nig Exrex[v. KWenAeBlenaHehIyEdl nisSit RKUbeRg{n, sasa

car CaeRcInJnnak naMKart cUlRB. dUecHeXIjza cabtaMgBIcugqaM 1967
1968 : le dilemme
enaHmk semc neratm sIhnu RBHRbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa tUvRbQmmux

nwg stUvpkg dleTA 2 RbePT KW TaMgGkEdlmanlMeG[geTArk shrd
253
254
Gaemrik TaMgGkEdlRbqaMg nwgshrd Gaemrik. karbHe:rRbCaksikr enA
rbs elak GakasIu
(Akashi) ebskCnBiess rbs Gg<kar shRbCaCati
smt kgext:tdMbg CarUbPaBmYy n karRbyuTrvag Exrkumynis nig
:nTTYlbraC&yTaMgsug enAedImqaM1968. enAeBlenaH BYkExrRkhmcabepIm
rdaPi:l rbselak ln nl yagRbtkS . buEn lkN;sKsaj min
RbyuT nwg kgT&B rbs tmesnIy ln nl yagxaMg KWhakbIdUcCasemc
TMnas rvagRbeTs EdlenABIeRkayRkumExrnImYy> . ehtudUecHehIy:nCa
Exr Rkhm :neZVIkarvayluk eTAelITItaMg rdaPi:lenA :Nn kgExRt:t
GacedaHRsay:n
minEmnmkEtBI
bJaExr
suTsaZenaHeT
EtvaCaer]g
neratm sIhnu KanTiBl GVIeT[tTaMgGs. enAz 17 mkra qaM 1968 enaH
TalEtman snisITGnrCatiTIRkug:rIs* enAqaM 1989 EdlRbeTsCabJkB&n
dMbg ehIy ykkaMePIg:n 32 edIm. enH CakarvayRbharpvGavuZelIkdMbUg
bJaExr GacedaHRsay:n. er]g EdlnaMomanTMnas rvag Exr nig Exr KW
eyaZa rbs ExrRkhm ecHEtmanbnmkeT[t taMgBIeBlenaHmk. CnCati PaK
seRmcbJb TMnas rbs eK eRkay karrlMrlay nshPaB sUev[t eTIb
karEdlkgT&Bev{tkug :nnaMKamktaMgTI enAelI TwkdI kmCa eJlKW GknaMePIg
sRg<am mkkgTwkdIExr edaybMpusTaMgGkneya:y TaMgbJvnExr . enATIbM
put semc neratm sIhnu minGnuJat oGaemrikkaMgTmakRKabEbk eb 52
(B 52) edIm|I kMeTcTItaMgev{tkug enAelITwkdIExrEdr eRJHRBHGg<eC]Cakza Gk
bgs n GVIEdlExrRkhmehAza
kgT&BrMedaHRbdabGavuZ bdivt . skmPaB
ticenAtMbnRBPM rtnKIrI nig mNlKirI :nnaMKa cUlExrRkhm yagRkas

ERkl.
enAz
31
mkra
rdaPi:l:ntUvRbKleTAoelak
Ebn
rdaPi:lenH :ntUvRbsiTinamza rdaPi:lpSgsMNagcugekay
nut
(Gou-
vernement de la dernire chance ) . enATIbMput enAz 19 kum; RbeTs
TTYlrgeRKaH KWRbCaCnExrEtbueNaH. buEn GVI>k* vaRCuleBlGs eTAehIy.
kmCa :nsuxcitTTYlCMnYyesdkic nig eyaZa BIshrd Gaemrikvij . enA
KanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIedj kgT&Bkumynis ev[tNamoecjGs BIRbeTs
GkesaHRtg nwgsemc neratm sIhnu RbKl bJakarkgT&B TaMgmUl eTAo
enAedImqaM 1968 shrd Gaemrik cabepImylza semc neratm sIhnu
kmCaeT ehIymageT[t RBHGg< k*BMuEmncgo RbeTskmCa kayeTACa kumy

nis NaEdr. buEn mitPaB rbs RBHGg< CamYybNaRbeTskumynis Ca
z 30 kk,daqaM 1969 tmesnIy jwk CULg embJakarkgT&B exmrPUmin
tmesnIy ln nl . BIrzeRkaymk KW enAz 14 sIha qaM dEdl elak

Ebn nut k*sMulaElg BI muxtMENg naykrdmRnI .
cMNgmYy EdlminGnuJatoRBHGg<erIxnrYc TalEtesaH KW ebIerIxnEtbnic
GMNacrbs RBHGg< nwigtUvreg<aHreg<ImYyrMeBc ehIyenAeBlenaH Exrkhm
muxCanwgvayrMlMRBHGg< Caminxan. mYycMENkeT[t ebI:tbEgk BIExrkhm
BIbNaRbeTs kumynis nana RBHGg< nwgtUv GkGPirkSsaMniym eZVIrdRbha
rrMlMRBHGg< edayeKcBMuput. KwenAeBlenaH ehIyEdlebskkm rbs elak

ecsEsrbUv
(Chester Bowl) kGK<rdTUt Gaemrik RbcaMRbeTsNa nig

255
256
rdaPi:l eRsacRsgCati
ninakar cRmuHenAeLIy semc neratm sIhnu :nTTYls<alza kgT&BRB
Le Gouvernement de sauvetage
:kdEmn . enAz 28 mina qaM 1969 semc neratm sIhnu :nbgaj
rbsev[tNamxageCIg manvtman nig TItaMg rbseK enAkg TwkdIExr Bit

TItaMgTaMgenaH
enAedImqaM 1968 bnabBIrdaPi:l rbselak Ebn nut suxcityl
RBmTTYl CMnYyesdkic nig eyaZa BIshrd Gaemrik BYkExrRkhm :n
beg,InskmPaBeyaZa rbseKyagxaMg . enAz 25 kum; kgRbdabGavuZ

rbsclnabdivtnExr :nvayRbhareTAelITI
taMgsMxan>
rbs
rdaPi:l
enAkgext cMnYn 6 enAkgzEtmYy KW :tdMbg kMBgqaMg kMBgsW taEkv
kMBt ekaHkug. GkPUmiRbmaN 1 muWnnak:nnaMKaeTAcUlrYmkg clnakumy
nisExr. KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlkarrMeCIbrMCYl enAQUk nig La:nes{k

:npHeLIg . buEn KWenAkg briyakasvwkvrenHEdr EdlenAz 13 sPa
tmesnIy ln nl :ntUvEtgtaMg CardmnI karJr RbeTssaCazIeT[t
enAkgrdaPi:l rbs semc Ebn nut munnwg tUvdwknaMrdaPi:lEtmg 7
ExeRkaymk KWBIz 5 ZqaM 1968 mk. rdaPi:l elak ln nl Edl

:ntUvEtgtaMg enAz 14 sIha qaM 1969 ehIyEdl:ntUvRbsiTinamza
rdaPi:leRsacRsgCati CardaPi:l
EdlmanlMeG[g
eTArkshrd
Ga
emrik. GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt; EdlenAkgrdaPi:l rbs RBHGg<mas
neratm knl qaM 1965_1966 Ca eTsrdmnI TTYlbnkxagGbrMCati :n
tUvrdaPi:lTI 2 rbs elak ln nl EtgtaMgCa bnaykrdmnI TTYl
bnkRksYgCaeRcInmanCaGaT ; RksYgmhap RksYg GbrMCati nig RksYg

snisuxCati . rIelak ln nl vij elakTTYlbnk xagRksYg karJr
RbeTspalEtmg. munkarEtgtaMg rdaPi:leRsacRsgCati enH Edlman

257
enAkgEpnTI
RBHGg<RTg:nbJkza
kgT&BRB
ev[tNam
xageCIg nig ev{tkug EdlsitenAelITwkdI RbeTskmCa mancMnYn elIs BI 4
mWunnakeTAeT[t. eTaHCayagenHk*eday k*RBHGg< minbr neya:y rbsRBH

Gg<Edr KWRBHGg<RKanEtxiteTACit shrd Gaemrik bnicvijbueNaH . eTaHCa
yagenHkI k*enAz 13 mizuna qaM 1969 dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu
:nTTYls<al rdaPi:l bdivt beNaHGasn rbsev[tNamxagt|gEdr.

dUecH eXIjza rdaPi:l rbs elak ln nl nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti
sirimt; sitenAkgsanPaBmYy d*EsnBi:k. enAz 23 tula qaM 1969
dEdlenaH tmesnIyln nl :nseRmcciteTABa:leraK enA RbeTs

:raMg
ehIyTukoGkGg<mas sirimt;
dwknaM
rdaPi:l
eRsacRsgCati
CMnYsEtmg. enAcugqaM 1969 enaH Gg<PaBCaecIn rbsGg<karExresrI :n
tUvrMsay ehIysmaCikCaeRcIn n clna
ExresrI :n naMKacUlmkkg
CYrkgT&B rbs tmesnIy ln nl. enAkgeBlCamYyKaenaH saLut sr

emdwknaMbkSkumynisExr
:ndwknaMKNRbtiPUmYy
eTATIRkughaNUy
nig
TIRkugebkaMg edayqgkattam pvlM hU CI mij. enHCaelIkTI 2 ehIy Edl

GkdwknaMkumynisExr :nnaMKa eTACYbGkdwknaMkmynisev[tNam nig cin.
enAelIkenH
saLt sr :nCYbRbRs&yCamYyelak EL y&n elak EL Dwk
zU tmesnIy v egV{g yab nig egV{g Duy RTij. muneBlEdl kgT&B bdivt
ExrcabepImRbyuT nwgkgT&B rbstmsnIy ln nl Rkum kumynisExrenH

BMumankgT&BecInbunaneT KW maneyaZaRtwm 1 Jn 5 ry nakbueNaH .
258
enAcugqaM 1969 enaHEdr GkGg<massirimt;naykrdmnIsITI n
rdaPi:l
x\MsUmelIkeLIg GMBI smiTisMxan> n rbb sg<mrasniym taMgBIqaM 1955
PaBedIm rbs vavij KW yagTaMgRsug eTAtam niyam esrIniym bevNI
Zibety tamEbbbsimRbeTs nig rbbsg<mniym rbbkumynis eK
mk esckIseRmcepSg> tUvecjBI rdsPasin eTIb:ntUvrdaPi:l ykeTA
rbs
eRsacRsgCati :ncabepIm EkERbreb[bc|abRKbRKgRbeTs oRtLbmkrk
(Libralisme classique) rbs bsimRbeTs . cabtaMgBI ExZ qaM 1969 enaH

Gnuvt . semc neratm sIhnu man karGakGn RBHraCh#T&y yagxaMg
ehIy GVIEdlRBHGg< GaceZVI:n enAeBlenaH KW:nRtwmbnskmPaBRbqaMg nwg

rdaPi:l
tamry;
Gg<karmYy
Gg<kar RbqaMg nwg rdaPi:l
EdlmaneQaHza
brrdaPi:l
eJlKW
mkTl qaM1969. ebIeRb[beZ[b eTAnwg rbb nanaeT[t CaBiess rbb RbCa

eXIjza rbb sg<mrasniym Edlsemc neratm sIhnu nig shkarI
RBHGg<:nbeg,It enAz
23
mina qaM
1955
ehIyEdl:ntUvcab
dMeNIrkar enAz 13 mizuna qaMdEdl KWzEdl smaCCati elIkdMbUgbgs
:nebIksm&yRbCMu KW Carbbneya:ymYy EdlGkxHcatTukza Carbb RbCa

Zibety
palBakkNal
dmocratie semi-directe. cMeJHmtixHeT[t
( Le Contre-gouvernement ) KW Gg<karEdl
eKminGacniyayBI rbbRbCaZibety:neT kalNaKan KNbkS neya:y
:l . eRkABIenaH RBHGg< RKanEt esIo rdaPi:l Rby&tRbEyg kgkarebIk
niym Etmg . tamkarBiteTA KWKanGVIeRkABI rbbraCaniym tamrUbPaBsm&y
bueNaH . KW enAeBlenaHehIy EdlGkGg<mas sirimt; esIerI karGnuvtn
rbs RBHecAGZiraC rUmuaMg eshSaEtmg
RBHGg<:nbeg,ItenAz 26 tulaqaM 1966 edImI|riHKn skmPaB rbs rdaPi
ZnaKar kCn nig karGnuJatio ZnaKarbreTs mktaMgTI enAkgRbeTs Et

eKalkarN rdZmnuJ eLIgvij KW eKalkarN RbmuxrddwknaMRbeTs buEnmin
RKbRKgeT .
smiTi sMxan> n rbb sg<mrasniym
Les principales ralisations

du Sangkum Reasts Niyum
mun nwgQaneTAniyayBI karvivtnn rdaPi:l eRsacRsgCati
eqaHeTArkkarTmak semc neratm sIhnu BIGMNacenAz 18 minaqaM 1970
259
epSg>eT[tcUlrYm kgCIvitneya:y. ehIyenH CakrNI n rbb sg<mras
TMenIbeT mYy k*CarbbmYy EdlGaceRb{b:n eTAnwg reb{bRKbRKgRbeTs
(Csarisme) k*swgza:n . buEn
eTaHenAkgkrNINakI karEdlsemc neratm sIhnu :n beg,Itsab&n
Rbmux
rd enAqaM 1960 k*GaccatTukza CakarebIkpvmYyyagZM sRmabbJb rbb
raCaniym Edlmankngmk:nEdr . eTaHCa rbb RbCaZibety k*Carbb

RbCaniym
(populisme)
essarniym
kI k* rbb sg<mrasniym Ca
rbbmYyEdlsakl|g sRmbo:neRcInbMput eTAnwg tzPaB eTAnwg PaBCak
Esg n sg<mExrenAeBlenaH EdlRbCaksikr mancMnYnCag 80 PaKry
ehIy EdlmankarlM:klMbinyagxaMg eRkamkarRKbRKgmYyEbb Edleyag

eTA tam c|abcas rbs :raMg ehIy EdlQj breTs kabesdkic yag
ENn . enAkgvis&yesdkic semc neratm sIhnu maneKalbMNgmYy d*
cm|g KWrMedaHRbCaksikroecjputBIRkjaMd rbs BYkQj eJlKWdUceKal

260
edArbsBYkkumynisdUecHEdr.
buEnenH
CaTMnasmYyd*ZM
enAkgkarGPivDn
muxrbr :nekInBI 5 enAqaM 1955 mkcMnYn 99 enAqaM 1968. mhaviTal&y
RbeTsCati eRJHza KW BYkKhbtI BYkQjenHehIy EdlCaGkCMruj oman
EdlmanEt 2 enAqaM 1955 :nekInmkdlcMnYn 48 enA qaM1968. enAkg
karrIkceRmIn Epkesdkic CaBiess Epk sSahkm . enAeBlmYyEdl
vis&ysuxaPi:l mnIreBTmanEt 16 bueNaH buEnenAqaM 1968 mnIreBT
sg,teTAelIBYkKhbtI CakarpynwgRkwtRkmrIkceRmIn . buEn ebIbeNayo
kgmYyqaM manRtwm 1 lan 4 Esn 8 mWun 4 Jn etanbueNaH . mkdlqaM
rbs GkdwknaM neya:y k* nwgtUvreg<aHreg<I edayec[sminputEdr eRJHza
etan. xagEpksgarN;brikar ehdarcnasm&n RKbRbePT pvKmnaKmn
RbeTskmCa tUve:HCMhan yagsVahab eqaHeTArk PaBsm&yTMenIb karKab
BYkQj catEcgkarGPivDnedayRtg> EtmgenaH rbbraCaniym TiBl

eTaHcg mincgkI tamry;RkwtRkmenH Gkneya:y RKanEtCabkrN
tuk,ta rbs BYkesdIEtbueNaH. eK Gacniyay:nza Gsry;eBl 14 qaM KW
enAkgRbeTskmCa
mandleTA 59
. enAkgvis&yksikm
plitplRsUv
1969 plRsUv Edlplit:n :nekInmkdl 3 lan 2 Esn 5 mWun 1 Jn
:n
ekIn BI 4 Jn 8 ry 5 K. m. enAqaM 1955 mk 1 mWun 6 Jn 6 ry 97 K.

m. enA qaM 1969 . saneZVIBI ebtug :nekIn BI cMnYn 875 mkcMnYn 1 Jn 5
BIqaM 1955 mkTlqaM 1969 semc neratm sIhnu :nsakl|g eZVIGVI RKb
ry enAkgry;eBl 13 qaM. kgry;eBldEdlenaH RblanynehaH eRbIkg
Ebb yag edIm|I BnaeBl karvivtnCastanum&tenH eJlKWbdivtnsSah
RbeTs :nekIncMnYn 4 EzmeT[t KW RBlanynehaH kMBgcam :tdMbg
enATIbMput
cRk cRmuHrd nig kCneT buEn 13 qaM eRkaymk eragcRkrd mancMnYnTaMgGs
km rbs BYkKhbtIEdl GacykGMNac BIBYkGPiCn :nedaygay. buEn

eq[tOkas
PaBTalRck
sanPaBneya:y rbs
semc
swgERtg RkugRBHsIhnu. enAqaM 1955 RbeTskmCa KaneragcRkrd nig erag
neratm sIhnu BYkKhbtI :nCMrujo tmesnIy ln nl nigsirimt;
28 rI eragcRkrdcRmuHCamYykCn mancMnYn 29. xagvis&y zamBlGK<IsnI
edIm|ItTl nwgGMNac d*ZMeZg rbsBYkKhbtIpg ehIyedIm|Ikat packarvivtn
mWun 1 Jn 55 KILvat mkdl 7 muWn KILvat.
sMxan>Edr edIm|InaMRbeTsCati eqaHeTArk PaBsm&yTMenIb . Cabfm RBHGg<
karvivtn eqaHeTArk RBwtikarN
vayrMlM rbb sg<mrasniym EtmgeTA . enAkgkarRbwgERbg rbs RBHGg<
rbsBYk kumynispgEdr semc neratm sIhnu k*RTg:nseRmc nUvsmiTi
edaysarkarsagsg varIGK<IsnI enAqaM 1968 RbeTskmCa :nQan BI 1
tUvZanasniPaB nigsnisux kgRbeTso:n . bnabmk KWkarelIktem,Ig
z 18 mina qaM 1970
mancMnYnEt 2731 bueNaH enAqaM 1968 salabfmsikSa:nekInmkdlcMnYn
Les vnements qui prcdent
kRmitCIvPaB nig kRmitvb|Z(m rbsRbCaCn. enAqaM 1955 sala bfmsikSa
5857. viTal&y nig GnuviTal&y EdlkalBIqaM 1955 mancMnYnEt 12
bueNaH :nekInmkdl cMnYn 180 enAqaM 1968 .

261
la destitution du prince Sihanouk en mars 1970
rI sala beckeTs nig
262
rdaPi:l eRsacRsgCati dwknaMeday tmesnIy ln nl nigGkGg<
k*ebIkGg<RbCMu rbs xnenAzTI 28 qaM 1969 dEdlenaHeT[t edIm|Isakl|g
massIusuvti sirimt; Edl:ntUvEtgtaMg enAz 14 sIha qaM 1969 enA
dkrdaPi:l rbs elak ln nl ecj.
manninakar cRmuH enAeLIy eTaHbI rdmnImYycMnYn :neRt{mxnCaeRscedIm|I
tRbeyaCn . enAz 6 mkra qaM 1970 semc neratm sIhnu :ncakecj
sirimt; EdlmanlMeG[gyagxaMgeTArk shrd Gaemrik smasPaBTaMgGs
Rsuk:raMg:teTA enAkgmCdanGk neya:y eKnaMKaylza semc neratm
ereTAtamxl k*edaykI . eRkABI tmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<mas
mandUc teTA ? elak Guwg hug saZ bnaykrdmnI TI 2 TTYlbnk xag
suxaPi:l sg<mkic nig kargar xagkarGPivDn shKmn xaglMenAsan
CnbT nig xageXasnakar elak Ob Kwm Gag bnaykrdmnI TI 3 TTYl

bnkxaghirJvt nigEpnkar elak Eym sMbU EdlCamnusSTukcitmak rbs
smc neratm sIhnu dUcelak Guwg hug saZ dUecHEdr TTYlbnk xagyutiZm(
nig TMnakTMng CamYysPa GkGg<mas neratm PUrisSra RksYg karbreTs
elak Epk PWn saZarNkar nig KmnaKmn elak CYn esADI ksikm.
rdaPi:lenH manrdelxaZika 8 rUbeT[t EdlmYycMnYnrkSakar esaHRtg nwg
semc neratm sIhnu dEdl . rdelxaZikarTaMg 8 rUbenaH KW elak Guwg mwg
rdelxaZikar eTscrN elak G)Mu maNUrwn mhap TTYlbnkxagkickarkar
JrpRbeTs elak sUEsn EhVrNgeds rdelxaZikar mhap TTYlbnk
xagsnisuxCati elak RsI bug sSahkmelak RBM zus JNiCkm elak
BIRbeTskmCa eqaHeTARbeTs:raMg . bnab BIsemc neratm sIhnu yageTA

sIhnu RbEhlCa nwgCYbtmesnIy ln nl
Ba:leraKenAmnIreBT NWyyI
RbeTs:raMg RbEhlCa kMBuger[bcMeZVIrdbharTmaksemc neratm sIhnupg

k*mindwg. rI TMnakTMng rvagtmesnIy ln nl nwg semc neratm sIhnu
k* RbEhlCa:nQan mkdlTIbJbeTAehIyEdr . cMeJHGkxH eKeC]za ebI
semcneratm sIhnu yagRtLbmkkmCavij RBHGg< nwg sitenACaRbmuxrd
bneTAeT[t KW RBHGg< RKanEt brneya:y EbreTArk shrdGaemrik vijEt

bueNaH . tamkarBiteTA semc neratm sIhnu enAeBlenaH BMumanCMen]Tal
EtesaHza RBHGg<Gac
esnIy ln nl
esnIy ln nl enAEtmanCMhrdEdl. TnwmKaenaHEdr smaCCati elIkTI 28

263
(Neuilly) enARbeTs:raMg. eKnaMKasnidan
ln nl EdlkMBug Ba:leraK enAkgmnIreBTGaemrik enA NWyyI (Neuilly)
dEdlenaH eJlKWenA z 26 Z edIm|I sMEdgkaresaHRtg rbsxn cMeJH

mYycMnYn :nsMulaElgBImuxtMENg. eTaHCayagenHkI k*rdaPi:l rbs tm
kMBug
enAkgRbeTskmCaCaBMuxan. buEn eyageTAtamkarsnidanxHeT[t tmesnIy
Gg<mas
neya:y RbqaMgnwg shrd Gaemrik rbs semc neratm sIhnu rdmnI
EdlenAeBlenaH
za vrCnTaMg 2 rUbenH c|asCa CECkBiPakSaKa GMBIvtman kgT&BRBev{tkug
eTB QIv exg rdelxaeXasnakar elak DI TUc rdelxa mhapTTYlbnk
xagZmkar nig elak Lg buta rdelxaZikarGbrMCati. buEn enAcugqaM 1969
buEn seRmcsRmYleTA KWCakar
nwgeZIVshkar CamYy tmesnIy ln nl nig Gk
sirimt;dUckalBIeBlmun
eRJHsankarN
:nERbbYlGseTA
ehIy. enAkgkrNIenH RBHGg< nwgkayeTACa tuk,ta rbsrdaPi:lrbs tm

EtbueNaH. buEn RBHGg<ylyagc|asza ebI rdaPi:l
tmesnIy ln nl_sirimt; Bit CaedIrtUvxlEmn RBHGg< nwg kayeTA

CabsK<mYyd*ZMCaminxan. dUecHeKGacniyay:nza eBlEdlsemc neratm
sIhnu yageTARbeTs:raMg RBHGg<RTgeQVgylyagc|aszaeTaHbI tmes

264
nIy ln nl enAesaHRtg nwgRBHGg< k*eday k* sankarN minGnuJato
T&Bev{tkug Edlbg,bxnenAelITwkdIExr. bnab BIRTg:ndwg BIer]g enH semc
riyabz rbs GkGg<mas sirimt; k* :nqHbJaMgyagc|as rYcmkehIy
evCbNit :et enATIRkugRkasS
tmesnIyrUbenH k|tnwgeKaledA rbs rdaPi:l:nEdr . yagNamij
neratm sIhnu EdlkMBug Ba:leraK enA RbeTs:raMg
enA mnIreBT rbs
(Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes) k* :necjbJa
Edrza RBHGg<KantYnaTI GVIeT[teT enAkgRbeTskmCa . cMeJH semc neratm
ordaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl RbKlrbs rtKyTaMg enaH eTAoev{tkug
tmesnIy ln nl h)anTmakRBHGg< k* minh)an . cMeJH GkGg<mas
eb (G.R.P.) nig
sIhnu RBHGg< k*yldUecHEdr buEnRBHGg<cgTteXIjza
etI rdaPi:l rbs
Cabnan. rI GktMNag
rdaPi:l bdivtbeNaHGasn ev{tNam
rNsirredaHCatiev{tNam
ehS EG)r
k* :nTamTar ordaPi:lExr
sirimt;vij karQaneTATmak semc neratm sIhnu CakarmYy EdleRKagTuk
RbKl rbsrbr TaMgenaHeTAo xnvijEdr. buEn GkGg<massirimt; minRBm
RtLbmkvijEmnenaH pvmanEt 2 bueNaH ?
:l ln nl _ sirimt; minjejIt nwgeZVIrdRbhar TmakRBHGg<kI k* RBHGg<
CaeRsc eRJHGkGg<mas
ln nl
sirimt;eC]c|asza ebI semc neratm
tUvERbkayeTACardaPi:lk|t mYy
sIhnu
mYy rdaPi:ltmesnIy
k* bJasmkvij. enAkg
krNIenH karbgrQam BMuGacec[sput:neLIy .

enAedImqaM
:leraK
ln
nl
1970
enARbeTs:raMg
dwknaM
enAeBlEdlsemc
neratm
sIhnu
rdaPi:l
RtUvRbQmmux
nwg
yageTABa
tmesnIy
skmPaB
rbskgT&Bev{tNamxageCIg enAelITwkdIExrpg ehIy RbyuT nwig bNaj
dwknaMes|{g nig GavuZ rbscineTAokgT&B ev{tNamxageCIgpg . enH Ca
karmYy d* sKsajbMput eRJHenA eBlenaH RbeTskmCa :nkayeTACa

mUldanB&sPar d*sMxanmYy rbskgT&BRB ev{tNam. enAz 3 kum; Gk
Gg<mas sirimt; bJaoeKcabRkNatcMnYn 7 eks EdlmkBI hugkug ehIy

EdlRtUvep\IeTAelak
G)Mu
maNUrwn
rdelxaZikar
RTgeQVgylza minyUrminqab rdaPi:l enH k*dUcCa rdaPi:l RbeTsev{t

Nam xagt|gEdr c|asCa BMuGacTbTl nwig kmaMg kumynis :neLIy .
enATIRkugPMeBjenHvij
edayGkGg<massirimt;
dacGhg,ar. tamkarBiteTA eTaHbI semc neratm sIhnu manCMen]za rdaPi
xagkickarkarJrpRbeTs.
enAeBlmunenHbnic KWenAcugEx mkra qaM 1970 enaH rdaPi:lExr cab:n
zaMeBTCaeRcInetan RBmTaMgmascMnYn 500 KIL nig RkdasR:kExr CaeRcIn
yagNamij taMgBIelak rIsSa nicsun :n RtUvEtgtaMgCa RbZanaZibtI sh

rd Gaemrik enAExmkraqaM 1969 mk karvayRbhar rbs kmaMgkumynis
kanEtmanlkN;xaMgkaCalMdab. buEnseRmcsRmYleTA elak nicsun yl
eXIjza RtUvEteZVIkarcrca. enAeBlenaH elak nicsun bRmugnwgdk kgT&B

GaemrikTaMgGs ecjBI ev{tNamxagt|g edIm|Ibryk eQIysRg<am Gaemrik
ehIy edIm|IQan eTAdlkar Qb:jKaeT{tpg. KWenAcMeJHmuxsanPaB enH

ehIy Edlsemc neratm sIhnu xitxM rkSa neya:y EGbkumynisCanic .
buEn bJaEtmYyKt EdleZVIosemc neratm sIhnu mankgVl KW riyabz

rbs TIRkughaNUy k*dUcCa rbs TIRkugebkaMg nig mUs< enAeBlEdlkmaMg
kumynis :nTTYlC&yCMnH CasaBr enAeBlxagmux .
enAz 18 kum; tmesnIyln nl vilRtLb mkkmCavij . 10 z
:c enARBlanynehaHeBaZicing. rbsrbr TaMgGs enHRtUvbJn eTAokg
eRkaymk enATIRkug:rIs enaHvij _ eJl KWenAz 27 kum;qaM 1970
265
266
dEdlenaH
semc
neratm
sIhnu :nR:bodwgza
RBHGg<
maneKal
bMNgyag eTATIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkugmUs< edIm|IesI odkkgT&Bkumynis

ev{tNam ecjBITwkdIExr . enAeBlenaH semc neratm sIhnu KantYnaTI nig
GMNacGIVTaMgGs. RBHGg<cabepImylbnicmg> GMBI PaBTalRck rbs RBH

Gg<. mYyvijeT{t RBHGg< k*kanEtmanCMen]pgEdrza ebI kmaMgkumynis QH
KW ExrRkhm enaHeT EdlnwgeLIgmkkanGMNac enAkmCa EtebIRBHGg< yag

mkRsukExrvij munkarERbRbYl n sankarN RBHGg<
k*minR:kdza nwg
GacbgVilsankarN :nEdr. minEtbueNaH RBHGg<Gac nwg TTYleRKaHzak
EzmeT{t eRJHGIV> RCulhYsGseTAehIy . GkGg<mas sirimt; R:kd

CamindkzyCadacxat eRJHza ebIdkzy semc neratm sIhnu k*c|as
CaminGtOnoEdr. KYrktsMKalpgEdrza enAeBlenaH tmesnIy ln nl
enAmankarsakesIrenAeLIy cMeJHeCaKvasna rbs semc neratm sIhnu.

muxRBYjsMxanbMput rbs tmesnIy ln nl enAeBlenaH KW edjkgT&B
ev{tNamkumuynis ecjBITwkdIExr EtbueNaHeT . enAz 8 nig 9 mina

:tukm RbqaMg nig ev{tNam er{bcMeday mCdankgT&B :npHeLIg enA ext
sVayer{g . 1 zeRkaymk sanTUt ev{tNam xageCIg nig santMNag

rdaPi:lbdivt beNaHGasn ehS EG)r eb
(G.R.P.) enAPMeBj :nRtUv:tukr
CaeRcIndutbMpaj ehIyCnCatiev{tNam Cag 100 nak :n RtUveKsmab .
mha:tukm naz 11
:tukmnaz 11 minaenATIRkugPMeBj edIm|IsMEdgkarRbqaMg nwg vtman
kgT&Bkumynis ev[tNamenAelITwkdIExr :nrIkraldalyagZM . TIsakkar

n GktMNag rNsirCati rMedaHev[tNamxagt|g RBmTaMgTIsakkar ParZarI
ev[tNamxageCIg :nRtUveqHqab edayGK<IP&y. enAeBlenaH eKcab:n k
sarmYyd*sMxan. eyageTAtames[vePAmYy rbselak hSg mUrIs Edlman

cMNgeCIgza RbeTskmCa BIPaBrjjwmrsraydlPaBKYroexImreGIm
(Cam-
bodge, du sourire lhorreur, Editions France-empire, Paris, 1977, p.

191) kgcMeNam ksarCaeRcIn EdleKcab:n manksarmYyEdlbJak
za enAeBlkabRbeTskmCa:n ehIysemc neratm sIhnu RtUvbJbtYnaTI.

buEn semc neratm sIhnu RTgBMu:ndwgGMBIer]genHeT.
enAz 12 mina RBH
Gg< RTg:nep\I TUrelx mYyeTARBHmhakSRtIyanI CaRBHmata edIm|Iez,aleTas

BYk:tukr EdlRBHGg<ecaTza suTEtCaGkEdlmaneKalbMNg bMpajmitPaB
rvag RbeTskmCa nigbNaRbeTskumynis KW edIm|ICMrujRbeTs oZakeTA

kg kNabd shrd Gaemrik . enAz dEdlenaH tmesnIy ln nl
naykrdmRnI rdaPi:leRsacRsgCati :nep\ITUrelxmYyeTAsemc neratm
sIhnu edIm|ITUlRBHGg<za; RBwtikarNEdlekItmaneLIg enAz 11 mina KWCa
karpHkMhwg rbs RbCaCn Edlman karQWcabGsry;eBlrabqaMmkehIy>

Edlylyagc|as GMBI eRKaHzakcMeJHmux rbs RbeTsCati . buEn enAkg
TUrelxenaH tmesnIy ln nl k* :nKUsbJak pgEdrza; elak nwg

riHrk
nig 16 minaqaM 1970
La grande manifestation du 11
et du 13 Mars 1970
267
RKbmeZa:y
edIm|IrkpvmYyEdlRtwmRtUvRsbc|ab
ehIyRsb
nwg
esckIbgR:za rbs RbCaCnExr . tmesnIy ln nl bJakbEnm

eT[tza ; Kaner]gGVI EdlRbeTskmCa RtUvcUleTAkgGg<kar snisJa GasIu
268
GaeKy
(Otase, Seato) eT edayehtuza ebIeZIVdUecH KWxusBImaKa( rbs
semcTaMgRsug. enAz 13 mina RBHmhakSRtiyanI RTg:nekaHehA elak
raRs suim va . enAeBlenaH enA xagmux GaKarrdsPa eKeXIj:tukr CaeRcIn

kuHkr mIredrdas
naMKaTaroev[tNamxageCIg nig BYkev[tkug dkkgT&B rbs
ecg ehg RbZanrdsPa nig elaknaykrdmRnI RBmTaMg smaCik rdaPi:l
eKecj
esnIy ln nl er[bcMbJn KNRbtiPUmYy dwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm
enaHecal CaehtueZIVoman karRbvayRbtbKa mYyrMeBc . eyageTAtamGk
mYycMnYn
edIm|I
catviZankarbJb:tukm.
KWenAeBlenaHehIy
Edltm
knl nig elak Eym sMbU oeTAcUlKal semc sIhnu enATIRkug:rIs
edIm|Isakl|g sarsankarN . enAz 14 mina RBHGg<mas neratm knl
nig elak Eym sMbU eTACYb tmesnIy ln nl enApH rbs elak enA
TMnbTwk edIm|Ier[bcMdMeNIr eTARbeTs:raMg . eBlecj BIpH tmesnIy

ln nl :nbnic RsabEt tmesnIy ln nl e:ydehA oKNRbtiPU
cUlmkkgpHvij eRJH elakeTIbnwg:nTTYl TUurelxmYy BIsemc neratm

sIhnu EdlR:bza RBHGg< minTTYlKNRbtiPUenaHeT .
enA z 14 mina dEdlenaH RksYgkarbreTsExr :nep\IkMNtehtu
mYyeTAoedaPi:l bdivt beNaHGasn ev[tNam ehS EGr eb
nig eTAorNsirrMedaHCati
BITwkdIExr
enAeBlEdl:tukr
xaZikar karJrpRbeTs EdlkabkmaMg nKr:l TaMgmUl ehIyEdleRt[m
lkN;CaeRsc edIm|ITbTl nwg kgT&B rbs tmesnIy ln nl enAkg

krNIEdlsemc neratm sIhnu RtUv rdsPaTmakecj BIGMNac. enAkg
eBl dEdlenaH man JkccamGaramza semc neratm sIhnu nwg yagvil

RtLb mkkmCavij enAz 24 26 mina edIm|I rMlayrdsPaecal ehIy
dkhUt rdaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl ecj.
(G.R.P.)
(F.N.L.) RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g edIm|IsMEdg
TaMgBIrenH sUmordaPi:lExr BnaeBlbniceT[t Kw hYs BIz 15 mina
EdlrdaPi:lExr :nkMNtCakMhit . tamkarBit tamry; JkTUtTaMgenH

Gg<kar kumynisev[tNam enAPMeBj :nRcanecalesckI esIenHTaMgRsug .
enAz 15 mina semc neratm sIhnu eZIVdMeNIr BI TIRkug:rIs eqaHeTA TIRkug

enARbeTskmCa
rdsPa
:nebIksm&yRbCMu
edIm|I
BiPakSaGMBIer]grtBn rbselak G)Mu maNUrwn tamesckIesI rbs GktMNag

269
RbqaMgnwg
viPaKsankarN enAeBlenaH enHCaEpnkarmYy rbs elak G)Mu maNUrwn rdel
GavuZTaMgGsecjBITwkdIExrEdr KWsUmoeKarBc|abGnrCati. GktMNagGg<kar
mYyzbnabmk
EcklixitbN
esmc neratm sIhnu RsabEtCnCatiev[tNam BIrnak :ne:H lixitbN
karesaksaycMeJHRBwtikarNz 11 mina buEn TnwmenaH k*sMuodkkg Rbdab
mUs<.
kMBug
270
CMBUk 6
karecjminrYc BI rcnasm&n cas
Limpossible restructuration
bdivtn rbs GkGPirkS

La Rvolution des conservateurs
saZarNrdExr :necj CarUbrageLIg enAeBlmYy EdlGkdwknaMExr
minTandkcitKMnit nig Tmab ecjBIrbb raCaniymenAeLIy . enAkgkrNI n

rbb raCaniymExrenH EdlCa rbbraCaniymeRCIstaMg(monarchie
reb[bRKbRKg
enAEtmanlkN;kaZibety
lective)
(monocratie) dEdl. kal
sm&yRBH:TC&yvr&n TI 7 (1181_1218) karpasbrBI lTieTvraC
(De-
varja) Edlman sIvlwg< CanimitrUb mk lTiBuTsasna mhayanEdlman
elaeksVr; CanimitrUb eKeKarBbUCa RBHmhakSRt dUc RBHsIv dEdl . mag

eT[t BI
kRmaetgGjCKttraC
(maseTvTaMgGs ncRkvaL) mkdlGk
mkCYyseRg<aHmnusSelak GMNac enAEtecjmkBI RBHRnaZiraCdEdl . rI
BuTsasna hinyan ezrvaT EdlcabepImecjrUbrageLIgsaCazI enARsuk

Exr enAsm&yescRnvr&n TI 3 (1295_1308) ehIyEdlbnab BIescBIrGg<
EdleKarBbUCaRBHsIv (RnC&yvr&n nigC&yvr&nTI 9) nig eRkay bdivtn BuT

sasna
(taRtskEpm) cabepImman TiBl rhUt CaBiess cabtaMg BIcug
stvtSrTI 15 mk kgrCkalesc ZemaraCa
(1486_1504). buEn RBHmha
kSRt enAEtminsitenA eRkamBuTsasna dEdlCa KW minsUv sMGag esckI

271
272
seRmcepSg> eTAtam
manvZmsaRs
(Mnava Dharmasstra Loi de
ebkaMg RBmTaMgbJvneqVgniym CMTas nwgkarTmaksemc neratm sIhnu
lTiRbCaZibety tamEbbbT:raMg enAEtRKbdNb eTAelIreb[brbbdwknaM BI
Cabdivtnneya:ysuTsaZ eRJHKan karbHe:r rbs RbCaCnedIm|ITamTar
CKttraC
enAslBI rdZmnuJ qaM 1947 bueNaH EdlGacCa mUldan nrbbsaZarN
Manu) eLIy. luHmkdl sm&y raCaniymGaRs&yrdZmnuJ enA qaM 1947
sm&ymun> min:ndEdl. semcneratm sIhnu :nnaMTsSn; kRmaetgGj
(Matre de lUnivers) mkdwknaMRbeTs bnmkeT[t eTaHbI RBHGg<
:nyk sab&n RbeTssg<mniym mkbiT:Mg kI ehIyeZVIo GkCMnaneRkay>

mkeT[t ylza Ca rbbRbCaZibety palJkkNal
(dmocratie semi-
directe) kI.
yageBjTMhwg
eRJHxusTaMgbkSBYk
karbrsab&nRKbRKgRbeTs
xusTaMgmenaKmviCa.
dUecHeXIjza
KW
( projet de socit). emaHehIy manEtc|abEdl
rdExr. buEneRkayrdRbhar rbsRBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu enAqaM 1952

mg (karrMlayrdsPa CMnanrdaPi :l elak h)uy knl) enA qaM 1955 mg
(karbeg,Itclna sg<mraRsniym) ehIy nig karRBman KNbkSRbCaZib
enAeBlEdl tmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt;
ety enAz 11 sIhaqaM 1957 mgeT[t RbeTskmCa :nvileTArk rbb
nig GkdwknaM BMuTanlubbM:t BIGarmN rbseK nUv elakTsSn; BI buraN
RbCaZibety :nvilmkvijEmn Et elakTsSn; tmankarERbRbYl ehIy
CaGkEzrkSaTwkdI . saZarNrdExr :nRtUvRbkas enAeBlEdl bJvnmYy
nigyuvCnEdl :nRtUvRbCaPizuti rbskumynis GUsTajpgeT. GkdwknaMExr
Rbkas rbb
kalenAeLIy
saZarNrdExr enAz 9 tulaqaM 1970 RbCaCnExrPaKeRcIn
(reprsentations collectives) KW man eTvta RBHRn GarkGkta
Rkum :neZVIkarKabsg,teTAelI GkEdl:nTmak semc neratm sIhnu BI
kaZibetyvij ehIy rbbenH RKbRKg RsukExrrhUtdlqaM 1970 . sab&n

GksaZarNrd k* mancMnYntictYcRkElg ehIyenH edayminniyay BIbJvn
RBmTaMg mRnIraC(rd)kar taMgBICMnanNamk eRcInRbkan Gakb|kiriya Caem
tYnaTIRbmuxrd rbs RBHGg< ehIyEdlman tmesnIy ln Nun Cakta
Camas rbsRkumbkSBYk rbseKdUcesc dUecHEdr . emaHehIy eKBMusUveKarB
esnIy ln nl cgbeNImGMNac BIGkGg<massirimt;. edIm|I rkkarKaMRT
:nza ebIkMuEtExrRkhmvayrMlMrbbsaZarNrdExrtampveyaZa
behtu
(catalyseur). kalenaH tmesnIy ln Nun bnRbus rbs tm
siTiesrIPaB rbs RbCaBlrd bunaneT . eTaHCayagNakI eKGacsnidan

saZarNrd
sRmabeZVIkickarenH ln Nun EbreTArk bJvn EdlminEmnkumynis ehIy
Exr k*Gac niwg QaneTAdlkarrIkceRmIn:nEdr eRJH vb|Zm( kalsm&yenaH
rbbenH cabbdisni enARsukExr CaelIkdMbUgbgs enAkgRbvtisaRs KWW eBl
Ca RtUvqgkat PaBGnaZibety mYyry;eBlsinkI eRJHkaryldwg GMBIlTi
EdlR:zacg:n rbb saZarNrdesrIniym. mYyvij eT[t kal;eTs;Edl
EdlGkGPirkSsaMniym kMBugeZVIsRg<am RbqaMg nwg kardakT&B rbs RbeTs
ev[tNamkumynis enAelITwkdIExr ehIyRbqaMg nwgRbeTscinkumynis Edl

CYyTIRkughaNUy kMcat Gaemrikecj BI Ncin . TIRkughaNUy TIRkug
273
manlTPaBRKbRKan kgkarvivtn eqaHeTArkKMrUmYy n sg<msm&yTMenIb eTaH

esrIniym enAmankRmitenAeLIy rIkarRbkanriyabzesrIniym
ment libral) enABMuTanpacecj:nBI mt(k EdlenAslBImun.
274
(comporte-
RBwtikarNz 18 mina qaM1970:
sPaTaMgBIr Tmak semc neratm sIhnu

Rbmuxrd n RbeTs kmCa ecj BI GMNac
18 mars 1970 : destitution du prince Norodom Sihanouk
GacdkhUt GMNacBIRBH Gg<vij:nEdr. enAevla emag 1 z res[lnaz
18 minaenaH GktMNagraRs :ne:Heqat eZIVkarERbRbYl sanPaB RbeTs

kmCaTaMgRsug ehIydak elak ecg ehg RbZanrdsPa oeZIVCa Rbmuxrd
CMnYsbeNaHGasn . enAkgeBl dEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu kMBugeZVI
RBHraC dMeNIr eTA TIRkugmUs< edIm|I esIsMuo sUev[t dkkgT&Bev[tNam ecj
BITwkdIExr . RBHGg< :ndwgRBwtikarNenH tamry;GkdwknaMsUev[t EdleRt[m

bnabBIelak G)Mu maNUrwn rdelxaZikar karJrpRbeTs Edl
esaHRtg nwgsemc neratm sIhnu :nRtUveKykeTAXMuTuk enAkgpH rbs

elakenAz 17 mina Kw eRkayeBlEdlelak RtUvbgMcit laElg BI mux
tMENgbnic rdaPi:l rbs lak tmesnIy ln nl kabsankarN

:nTaMgRsug. enA z 18 mina sPaTaMgBIr RbkasdakRbeTskmCa TaMgmUl
ositkgPaBGasn ehIye:HeqatTmaksemc neratm sIhnu BImuxtMENg

RbmuxrdEtmg.
elIkElgecj EtGktMNagraRs mYycMnYn EdlCabbMeBj
ebskkmBiess CardmRnI GktMNagsPaTaMgBIr cMnYn 92 rUb Edlman

vtman :ne:Heqat Cakcn Tmaksemc neratm sIhnu .
enAzenaHg enAxageRkAGaKar rdsPaCati eKeXIjrzeRkaH CaeRcIn
eRK]g eLamB&TGaKarenaHCitsg edIm|IkarJrsnisux GktMNagraRs. ebItam

karviPaK rbsGkkeTsc|ab enAeBlenaH kare:HeqatTmakRbmuxrd reb[b
enH CakarRtwmRtUvtampvc|ab eRJH nItiviZIenH EpkTaMgRsug eTAelI maRta 15

n rdZmnuJ CaZrman . dUecH eKminGac catTukza Ca rdRbhar :neLIy .
RbsinNaCa semc neratm sIhnu sitenA CaRBHmhakSRt kickarenH BitCa

BMuGaceZIV:neT. buEn cabtaMg BIqaM 1960 mk semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUv
EtgtaMg CaRbmuxrd edaysPaTaMgBIr EtbueNaH ehIy sPaTaMgBIrenH k*

275
lkN;CaeRscTTYls<alGkdwknaMzI n RbeTskmCa . edIm|I ec[svag kMuo
mankarxusq<gxagkarTUt TIRkugmUs< RtUvEteZIVyagNaoGtItRbmuxrdExr Edl
eTIbnwgRtUvTmakecjBIGMNac ecjoputBI TwkdI sUev[tyagqabrh&sbMput.
enAeBlcakecjBITIRkugmUs< tamynehaHBiess rbssUev[t semc neratm

sIhnu RBmTaMgRBHCaya Gkmag mUnic nig elak Ebn nut :nseRmc yag
eTATIRkugebkaMgEtmg. enArdZanIRbeTscin RbCamanitueNaH kalebI:ndwg
za semc neratm sIhnu RTgyagmk TIRkugebkaMg GkdwknaMcin mankar:rm
yagxaMg eRJHeKxac mankarbHJl dlkarTUt rbs eKEdr . elak CU eGn

Lay rdmRnI karbreTscin cayeBlGseBjmYyyb edIm|I CECkBieRKaH
CamYy elak eGeCn maNas kGK<rdTUt:raMg GMBI karEdlza etIRbeTs
cin RtUvTTYlGtIt RbmuxrdExrreb[bNa edIm|IkMuobHJldlkarTUt nig yuT

saRs neya:y rbs eK . enATIbMput RbeTscin :nseRmcTTYlsemc
neratm sIhnu yagGZikGZmEtmg. tamkarBit cin nig :raMg :nkMNt
yk neya:ypv TI 3 taMgBIyUrNas rYc:teTAehIy KW TItaMgmYyepSgeT[t

eRkABIkarkMNt rbs mhaGMNac TaMgBIr KW shPaB sUev[t nig shrd
Gaemrik . enATIRkugPMeBj enaHvij enAz 22 mina rdaPi:l tmesnIy

ln nl esIsMuoshRbZanTaMgBIr n snisIT TIRkughSWENv eZIVyagNa
276
oev[tNamxageCIg dkkgT&B rbseKecjBIRbeTskmCa edaysniviZI. mYy

zbnabmkenATIRkugebkaMgsemc neratm sIhnu RbkasbJlRbeTs kmCa
eTAkg bkSsmn n bNaRbeTssg<mniym ehIyEzmTaMgesIsMuo kgT&B
ev[tNamxageCIg nigev[tkug eZIVGnraKmneT[tpg. bunanzeRkaymk RBHGg<

beg,ItrNsirmYyeQaHza rNsirYbrYmCatikmCa
(F.U.N.K.) edIm|IrbyuT
tTl nwg rbbrbs tmesnIy ln nl_sirimt; . tamry; rNsirenH
RBHGg< GMJvnavoGkEdlKaMRTRBHGg<enAkgRbeTs egIbeLIgbHe:rpgeT[t.
KwenAeBlenaHehIy EdlkgT&Bev[tNamxageCIg RbmaN 5 kgBltUc
(5
divisions) eq{tOkas vaysRmukeTAelIkgT&BtmesnIy ln nl Etmg .
enAeBlenaH kgT&BExr manKaRtwm 3 mWunnak bueNaH ehIyBMumanGavuZ yuT

P&NRKbRKaneT[t eRJHBMu:nRJgsankarN enH TukCamun ehIy xagshrd
Gaemrik eK:ndwger]genH Et 2 3 z munbueNaH KW KanEpnkar Kanzvika
sRmabeZIVkarRbQmmux nwg bJazIenH . RbCaCnExrCaeRcIn :nRtUv kgT&B
ev[tNamxageCIg nig kmaMgExrRkhm ekNykeTAdakenACYrmux n kgT&B
rbsBYkeK edIm|IokgT&BtmesnIy ln nl :jrHeTAelI CaehtueZIVo
RbeTskmCa enAxN;enaH kayeTACa zkQammYy d*ZM . karRbyuTKa man

lkN;sahavGsar rvag kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl nig kgT&Bev[t
NamxageCIg layLMCamYykgT&BExrRkhmpgEdr eRkamTg nGIV EdleKehA

za kgT&BrMedaH dwknaMedaysemc neratm sIhnu GtItRbmuxrd nRbeTs
kmCa . enAkgkarRbyuTenH kgT&BtmesnIy ln nl :jsmabRbCaCn
Exr EdlkgT&Bev[tkug nig ExrRkhm :nykmkdak BiImuxBYkeKyagexacpSa
CaehtueZIVokaEst GnrCati yk TsSnIyPaB d*KYrornt EdleKzt:n mk

latRtdag kgBiPBelakTaMgmUl .
sanPaB RbeTskmCa
eRkay karTmak semc neratm sIhnu
Le Cambodge
aprs la destitution de Sihanouk
bnabBIkarbgrQam na z 26 mina enAExRtkMBgcam karRbyuT rvag
kgT&B rbstmesnIy ln nl tTlnwg kgT&BRB ev[tNam xageCIg
kgT&Bev[tkug nwgkgT&BExrRkhm bneTAeT[t yagxaMgkarhUtdlz 28_29
mina. naz 28 minaenaH rzeRkaH rbs kgT&BtmesnIy ln nl deNIm

ykExRtkMBugcam :nmkvij ehIyrujRcan kgT&Bev[tkug :kEbkxatxay
Gs. kgT&BRBev[tNamkumynis :nnaMKarteTABYnenAkgRBPM bUeKa KirIrm
nigkMBgsW. enA cMeJHmux shKmn GnrCati eTaHbI rbbrbs tmesnIy

ln nl_sirimt; :nRtUv GkkaEsteqVgniym ez,aleTas yagNakI k*
enATIbMput :nRtUvelak G)U zan GK<elxaZikar Gg<kar shRbCaCati TTYl
s<alza CarbbRtwmRtUvtampvc|abEdr. cMeJHsab&nGnrCatienH sRg<am Edl
ekIteLIgenAkgRbeTskmCa enAeBlenaH CasRg<amEdlrdaPi:l n RbeTs

mYyeZIVeLIgedIm|IRbyuTtTl nwgkgT&BQanJnbreTs. edayeyag eTAtam
c|abGnrCati enA z 6 emsaqaM 1970 dEdlenaH Gg<kar shRbCaCati

catTukza rbb rbs tm esnIy ln nl Ca rbbRtwmRtUvtampvc|ab
edayTatecal karRbkas GMJvnav rbssemc neratm sIhnu TaMgRsug.
enAeBlmunenHbnic KW enA z 30 mina tmesnIy ln nl :nGMJvnav
sMuo shKmn GnrCati CYyeZIVkarTbTl nwg kmaMg kgT&Bev[tkug enAkg
RbeTs eRJHeRkayeBl EdlkgT&BtmesnIy ln nl vayyk kMBgcam

277
278
:nvij kgT&Bev[tkug eRt{mlkN;vaysRmuksaCazIeT[t enAkgRTgRtay
nis nigbkkumynisTaMgmUl kMBugEtRtUvsaZarN mti CaBiessyuvv&y KaMRT
mkCYyeZIVGnra Kmn buEn GnraKmnenaH :neZIVobHJlZnZr dl RbCaBl
JnRbeTsv[tNam ehIy TI 2 enAkgBiPBelakTaMgmUl enAsm&yenaH mena
ZMEtmg. enA z 30 mina dEdlenaH kgT&Bnavacr ev[tNamxagt|g :ncUl
yagsem|Im eT[tpg edayehtuza; TI 1 shrd Gaemrik eZIVsRg<amQan
rdExr eRJH BYkTahanyYnRbkanGakb|kiriyaminKYrKb|I dUcCakarrMelaP eTA
Km viCakumynis :nRtUvyuvCn nig bJvn mYyPaKZM naMKaKaMRT yageBj
eKalCMhr GBaRkwtPaBtlMeG[grbsrdaPi:lExrkI k*bnicmg> karRbyuT
enAz 9 tula qaM 1970 RbEhlCamanCMhr rhUtmkdl sBVzenH. edIm|I
elI RsIePT CaedIm. eTaHbItmesnIy ln nl :nbJakyagc|as GMBI
TbTl nwgkarQanJn rbskgT&Bev[tNam xageCIg :nkayeTACa sRg<am
rvag bkmenaKmviCa TaMgBIrEdr. CakarBitehIy Edlza bnabBIsPaTaMgBIr
TMhwg. ebIkMuEtman sPaBkarNEbbenH saZarNrdExr Edl:nRtUvRbkas

vayrMlMrbb tmesnIy ln nl semc neratm sIhnu :nbeg,It rdaPi
:lnireTsxn mYy
(gouvernement en exil) enA z 5 sPa qaM 1970
/ yuvCn nig bJvnExrCaeRcIn :nsMEdg
dEdlenaH edaymanbEgkBI kgT&BExrRkhm nig kgT&Bev[tNam xageCIg
nl nigsirimt; :nedjkgT&BQanJn ecjBIRsuk ehIy mYy cMENkeT[t
semc neratm sIhnu manbEgk BIkumynisdUecH shrd Gaemrik RtUvEt
taMg BiyUrmkehIy . enA z 11 emsa na qaM 1970 enaH yuvCncMnYn 1 mWun
muxCaZakeTAkgkNabd kumynis yagqabrh&s CaBMuxan. buEn TalEtz
:nTmak semc neratm sIhnu
karGbGryagxaMg eRJHenATIbMput rdaPi:lExr dwknaMeday tmesnIy ln
RbeTskmCa nwgRbkanyk rbbsaZarNrd KwrbbmYy EdleKR:za cg:n

nak :nmkCYbCMuKaenA BhukILadan er[bcMdMeNIrBhyaRtamYy d*GZikGZm
R:rBkarRsuHRsYlmUlmti rYbrYmKa CasM:cEtmYy .
eTaHbIrdaPi:l rbs tmesnIy ln nl sitenAkgPaBRtwmRtUv
tampvc|abkI eTaHbI mankarKaMRT BI mCdan nana eRkABIbkkumyniskI ehIy
eTaHbI kgT&B :nekInBIcMnYnBICag 3 mWunnak mkcMnYn 12 mWunnakkI k*RbeTs
TaMgmUl sitenAkgkgVlmYyd*ZMEdr eRJHRtUvRbQmmux nwg kgT&B ev[tNam
xageCIg nig kgT&BExrRkhm d*xaMgmhima. mageT[t sPaBkarNEbbenH
minGnuJatotmesnIy ln nl GacmanlTPaB RKbRKan sRmabksag

reb[brbbdwknaMzI edayRsYl:neLIy . edayeRJHEt sRg<am
/ esdkicCati
RBmTaMgCMnYy sBVsareBI BI RbeTscinRbCamanitu . eday rdaPi:l rbs

CYyrdaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl CakMhit ebIBMuenaHesateT RbeTskmCa
15 kJaqaM 1970 eTIbTIRkugvasiugetan manEpnkar CYyRbeTskmCa CadMu
kMPYn
k* buEn KWcabtaMg BIeBlenaHmkEdr EdlRbeTskmCa kayeTACa lan
RbyuTmYy d*exacpSa rvagkmaMgkumynis nwg kmaMg rbs shrd Gaemrik.
karRbkas rbb saZarNrdExr

enA z 9 tula qaM 1970
Proclamation de la Rpublique khmre

le 9 octobre 1970
TaMg mUlcuHRsutyagxaMg. mYyvijeT[t enAeBlenaH RbeTsev[tNam kumy

279
280
enAqaM 1970 enAeBlEdl kgT&Bkumynisev[tNamxageCIg beg,It
buEneday kmaMgkgT&B ev[tNamxageCIg xitxMkarJr pvlM hU CI mij yag
CYykgT&B tmesnIy ln nl . enA TIRkugvasIugetan enA z 15 kJa
emkug kgExRtkMBgcam RBmTaMgEpkxageCIg nigEpksan n ExRtes[mrab
GsnisuxeBjTUTaMg RbeTskmCa shrd Gaemrik riHrkRKbmeZa:y edIm|I

elak hgrIu KIsSIgEh<r
(Henry Kissinger) TIRbwkSarbselak RbZanaZibtI
nicsun :nebIkGg<RbCMumYy edIm|IsaksYreyabl rbsGkviPaK sankarN
sVitsVaj tMbnmYycMnYn n ExRtkMBgZM TaMgmUl nig EpkeRtIyxageqVg Ten

:nZak yagqabrh&seTAvij eTAkgkNabd bcamit .
karksag saZarNrdExr :nRbRBwtieTACapvkar cabtaMg BI z 5
cMNan>. mYyExeRkaymk enA z 16 tula KW 1 s:h eRkaykarRbkas
kJa qaM 1970 KW zEdl elak esnaRbmux ln nl :nsnaenAcMeJHmux
saCazIeT[t ehIy :nsMerc Gnuvt yuTsaRs elx 3 Etmg . buEn cMeJH
rbbsaZarNrdExr elak KIsSIgEh<r :nebIkGg<RbCMu GkviPaKsankarN

elak RbZanaZibtIGaemrik rIkQit nicsun
(Richard Nixon) kareZIVGnra
KmneyaZa enARbeTskmCa vaCaer]gmYy d*sKsaj edayehtuza sRg<am
RbCaCatiza nwg RbkasrbbsaZarNrd enAkgry;eBl 2 Ex xagmux . enA

6
tula
qaM
1970
dEdlenaH sPaTaMgBIr
:nseRmcRbkas
rbb
saZarNrd enA z 9 tulaqaMenaHg. enA z 9 tula rbbsaZarNrd :n
RtUvRbkasdUckarkMNt . enAz 9 tulaenaH rdaPi:l RbKlParkiccatEcg
enARbeTskmCa CasRg<amEdlt:nRBagTukCamun. NamYy RtUvRBQmmux
kartakEtg rdZmnuJzI eTAordsPa. enA z 19 tula rdsPa :ncattaMg
CYyRbeTskmCa k*KaneT[t. enATIbMput elak nicsun :nsMerc GnuJat o
BnaeBlmYyqaM bneT[t .
nwg rdsPa NamYyRtUv saZarNmti ez,aleTas NamYy zvika sRmab
RksYgkarJrRbeTs shrdGaemrik eRbIR:s ZnZan zvikaelx 506 Etmg
elak Guwg mwg oTTYlParkicenH. z 23 vicika GaNti smaCiksPa RtUv

mYyqaMeRkaymk enAz 16 tula qaM 1971 elak ecg ehg Edl :n
ehIyobgVilR:k sRmaboxIeZIVkarGPivDn eTAeRbIR:ssin eRJH enAeBl
RtUv sPaEtgtaMgCaRbmuxrd rhUtdleBlman RbZanaZibtI :nRbkasrMlay
Tuk . enAkgeBl dEdlenaH tmesnIy ln nl EdleTIb nwg:n RtUv
rdZmnuJ :ntakEtgrYcehIy eKRtUvykeTAdaksUmkarylRBm BIRbCaCn.
enaH esdkicRbeTs kmCa RtUvsHdMeNIrkarTaMgRsug edaysRg<amtRBag
sPaTaMgBIr ehIyERbkay smaCiksPaoeTACa sPaZmnuJ Etmg . bnabBI
EtgtaMgCa esnaRbmux kalBIExemsa RtUvriHrkRKbmeZa:yedIm|Ier[bcM rbb
enA z 10 sPa qaM 1972 tamry; kare:HeqatRbCamti rdZmnuJzI:n
pg. enAqaM 1970enaH kgT&BExrRkhm :nkayeTACa kgT&BRbyuTmYy d*
6 Esn nak / RbCaCn 1lan 5 Esn 5 mWun 6 Jnnak :nsMEdgkareBjcit
saZarNrdpg ehIyTbTl nwgkgT&BRB ev[tNamkumynis enAkgRbeTs
TTYleCaKC&y d*ZM . kgcMeNamRbCaCn Edl:neTAe:H eqat cMnYn 1 lan
xaMgka. rvag qaM 1970_1971 kgT&B saZarNrdExr :nvayykExRt
rbseK cMeJHrdZmnuJzI. bnmkeT[t eKer[bcM kare:HeqateRCIserIsRbZa
ExRtRkecH . RbCaCnExr RbmaN 10 PaKry k* :nRtUvrMedaHmkvijEdr .
esnaRbmux ln nl elak Giun taM nig elak Ekv Gn . kare:Heqat RbZa
mYycMnYn:nmkvij KW ExRt swgERtg rtnKIrI mNlKIrI nig mYyPaKZM n
281
naZibtI n saZarNrdExr . ebkCn EdlQr eQaH man 3 rUb KW elak
282
naZibtI :nRbRBwtieTA enAz 4 mizuna qaM 1972 dEdl . elakesnaRbmux
BIGMNac edaysPaTaMgBIr enAz 18 minaqaM 1970 tmesnIy ln nl
esrIniym eJlKW ninakarsaM :nTTYl snwkeqat eRcInCageK KW 5 Esn 7
rbs tmesnIy ln nl taMgBIenAkumar k* minEdl:nKit GMBIer]genHeT .
bnabmk elak Giun taM EdlCa GksaZarNrdniym tMNagninakarkNal
ehtuEdl:nCMruj oGkGg<massirimt;Tmaksemc neratm sIhnu KWkarsb
ln nl EdltMNag crn mYyRbePT eRb{b:n eTA nwg crn RbCaZibety
mWun 8 Jn 203 sMeLg. ebIKit CaPaKry KW 54 ek|{s 93 PaKry .
ehIyEdl
CaGk:ncUlrYmcMENk
yagskm
kgkarTmaksemc
neratm
sIhnu :nTTYl 2 Esn 5 mWun 7 Jn 320 sMeLg eJl KW 24 ek|{s

44 PaKry. rI elak Ekv Gn vij EdltMNagninakareqVg ehIyEdlman
lMeG[geTArk GtItRbmuxrd semc neratm sIhnu nig ExrRkhm :nTTYl 2
Esn 1 mWun 7 Jn 341 sMeLg eJl KW 20 ek|{s 61 PaKry .
enA
mankarsakesIrenAeLIy . rI GkGg<massIusuvti sirimt; EdlCamiRt
eyageTAtammtixH eRkABIkaredjkgT&Bev[tNamkumynisecjBITwkdIExr mUl

exImExSRBHraCvgS neratm Edl:nRtUv:raMgdakoeLIgesayraCsm|tiCMnYs
RBHGg<massIusuvti munIert EdlCaBuukmarbsRBHGg<. karBit KWCa TMnas
mYy d*RsYcRsav enAkgkarkMNtneya:y eRkARbeTs . semc neratm
sIhnu
CMrujRbeTskmCa ocUl kumynis CaBiessRbeTscin. rI GkGg<
mas sIusuvti sirimt; elakcgyk bsimRbeTs eZIVCamUldanyuTsaRs .
GkviPaKRbvtisaRsmYycMnYn ktsMKaldUecHza buRtTaMgBIrGg< rbs RBH:T
karkekIteLIg n rbb saZarNrd Exr
Gense du rgime rpublicain khmer
Gg< dYg KW neratm nig sIusuvti man cknimit (vision) xusKa. RBH:T neratm
EtgEtyk clnabHe:r RbqaMg nwg :raMg eZIVCaZM rI RBH:TsIusuvti elak

manCMen]za manEt:raMgeT EdlGacnaMRbeTs eqaHeTArkPaBsm&yTMenIb. Gk
karRbkas rbb saZarNrdExr enAz 9 tulaqaM 1970 CaRBwtikarN
viPaKTaMgenaH eZIVkarsnidanza ExSsIusuvti rkSaeKaledA rbs RBH:TGg< dYg
ExrEdr. tYGg<sMxan> minEmn manEt tmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<mas
sIusuvti dUecHEdr . semc neratm sIhnu :n RtUv:raMg dako esayraC
eT[t EdleKBMusUv ykmkniyay nig sresr buEnEdlCa GkrujRcanRbeTs
RKanEtCa karsnidan ktsMKal bueNaH . enAqaM 1970 enaH GkGg<mas
Rbus rbstmesnIy ln nl . ebIKan ln Nun RBmTaMg bJvn ExrmYy
d*l sRmabEbreTArkbsimRbeTsvij. RBHGg<ykcitTukdakCaBiess GMBI
RbvtisaRsmYy d*sMxan cMeJHRbCaBlrdExr k*dUcCacMeJHyuvCn nig bJvn
:nrwgmaMCag. enAeBleRkaymkeT[t GkGg<massirimt; manCMhrdUc RBH:T
sIusuvti sirimt; elak Giun taM nig sPaTaMgBIrbueNaHeT. tYGg<sMxan mak
k*BitEmn buEn RBHGg< EbrCaeRCIserIsyk cinkumuynis CabEgkeTAvij . enH
kmCa eqaHeTArkkarRbkas rbbsaZarNrdExr Kw vresnIyk ln Nun bn
sIusuvti sirimt; yleXIjza karTmak semc neratm sIhnu Ca OkasmYy
PaKZMenaHeT karRbkas rbbsaZarNrd enAz 9 tulaqaM 1970 k* BMuGac
bJaenH eTaHCaRtUvksag rbbsaZarNrd sarrbbraCaniymeLIgvijkI.
RbRBwtieTA:nEdr eRJHenAeBlEdlsemc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvTmak ecj
RBHGg< cgksag rbb raCaniym buEn sankarN minGnuJati eRJHkgT&B
283
284
bJvn nig yuvCn R:zacg:n rbb saZarNrd . ln Nun :neq{tyk
k*carkm RbeTskumynis CaBiess BYkraCaniym RBmTaMgRkumGkGg<mas
mas sirimt; k*beNayo ln Nun nig bJvn RbkasrbbsaZarNrd .
sirimt; cgsarrbbraCaniymeLIgvijkI (rbbraCaniymExrEdltaMgBIqaM 1955
sanPaBenH edIm|IdeNImykGMNac sRmabxnEtmgeTA . enATIbMput GkGg<

GksaZarNrdniymExr
mantaMgBIyUrNasmkehIy
buEneRcInEtCaGkEdl
:ner[nvb|Zm( :raMg. clnaenH cabepImecjrUbrag Caslneya:y mYyd*

sMxan enAqaM 1960 CamYynisSitExrmYycMnYnEdl enAqaM 1961
:nbeg,It
smaKm eskum enARbeTs:raMg . enAeBlEdlBYkkumynis ev[tNam

bg,bT&B enAkg RbeTskmCa enAbNaqaM 60 dEdlenaH GksaZarNrdniym
cabekItCa RkumtUc> enAtammhaviTal&y kgcMeNam GksikSaGkSrsaRs

:raMg . cabtaMg BI
qaM 1960 BYkGksaZarNrdniym RbmaN 17 18
rUb EtgEtnaMKa mkrYmRbCMu Casmat enApHmYy rbs vresnIyk ln Nun
sirimt;
eZVIoxkdMeNIr:n.
eTaHbIKanGVIEdlbJakoc|asza
GkGg<mas
mk :nRtUv semc neratm sIhnu rkSaTuk sRmabEteZIVCa nimitrUb bueNaH) k*

GVIEdlminGacRbEkk:nenAeBlenaH KwkarEdlGkEdl:nTmaksemcneratm
sIhnu EbkKaCa 2 Rkum ; RkumGkGPirkS nig RkumGksaZarNrdniym rbs

vresnIyk ln Nun EdleRkaymk :neLIgfan;Ca tmesnIy . Rkum
TaMgBIr enH RbyuTKa yagsVitsVaj . rI bJaEdlecaTeLIg enAeBlenaH Kw
suxPaB rbs tmesnIy ln nl . edayelak manCmWRbcaMkay yag

ZnZr KW sabmYykMNatxn etI vrCnNa nwg RtUvdwknaM saZarNrdExr ? etI
tmesnIy ln Nun Cabn GkGg<massirimt;? mYyvijeT[t enAkg
enACit vt ha Ek|r swgknt cmayRbmaN 20 K. m. BI TIRkugPMeBj . eRkA
sg<mExr enAeBlenaH GkOkasniym maneRcInCag GkRbkanCMhr KMnitCak
lakmux ecaTeLIgyagxaMg eKseg,teXIjmanmnusS 3 nak EdlenA Cab nwg
ykGMNac EdlCaehtunaM RbeTseTArkGnray.
BIbJvn mYycMnUnZMEdlBMus<alKaTaMgGsenaHeT eRJH bJasnisux nig bJa

vresnIyk ln Nun. GkTaMg 3 nakenaH KW vresnIyk Qwm QYn
elak ezag lwm hYg elak el]g Evn nig elak hYt eh[m EdlCaGkdwk
bJvnmYyRkuum tamrzyn rWNUt
(Renault 4 L) kJas rbs Kat eTAcUl
lak. GVIEdlsMxan KW buNski kitiys muxmat nig karEGbGb e:kR:s

karEbkKaCaBIrRkumenH :n
naMmknUvkarRcbUkRcbl mYy d*ZM . enATIbMput GMeBIBukrlYy karRbkanbkSBYk
k* rIkraldaleBjRbeTs rIyuvCn k*EbkKa CaBIrRkumeT[t . bJvn nig

yuvCn Edlsgwm eTAelIrbbzI mankarxkcityagxaMg ehIyeRkaykarRbyuT
rYmRbCMu CamYy vresnIyk ln Nun. RkumEdlelak hYt eh[m EtgEt
Kayag xaMgenAz 27 emsa qaM 1972 rvag yuvCn niymGkGg<massirimt;
viTU mn etg sun RBmTaMg GkkaEst mYycMnYn pgEdr .
KaMRT rbb saZarNrd BitR:kd KanCMerIsGVIeT[t eRkABIpacxnecjBI rbb
naMeTACYb vresnIyk ln Nun manCaGaTi ; sg<mviTU rs cRnabuRt sg<m
eRkayRBwtikarN 18 mina eK:ndwg bnicmg>za GkEdl:nxitxM
BRgwgslGksaZarNrdniym manCaeRcIntKNna buEn munRBwtikarNenH
nig yuvCnRbkanCMhr saZarNrdniym tam tmesnIy ln Nun GkEdl
enaHeLIy .
eKt:ns<alKaTaMgGseT eRJHeKRtUv karJrGkTaMgenaH kMuoBYk ExrRkhm

285
286
qaM 1973 ; shrd Gaemrik e:Hbg

saZarNrdExr ecal
snab BIRbeTscinRbCamanitu . TnwmenaH kareXasna bJHbJl Epkneya

:y rbsExrRkhm k*kanEtman Rb siTiPaBxaMgEzmeT[t . ebIeKEbrmkemIl
xagkgT&B rbs tmesnIy ln nl vij kgT&BBitR:kd mancMnYnkan
1973 : les Etats-Unis abandonnent

la Rpublique khmre
enAExemsa qaM 1970 enAeBlEdl kgT&Bev[tNamkumynis cabepIm
eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelI kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl enAkgRTgRTaymYy

d*ZM elak nicsun :nEzgza ? CMnYyEdlshrd Gaemrik pleTAo RbeTs
kmCa KWRKanEt edIm|I oExrkarJr GBaRkwtPaBrbsxn EtbueNaH KW minEmn
sRmaboExr cUlRbyuT kgbkSsm&nNamYyenaHeT. tamkarBit TIRkugva
sIugetan :neRCIserIsykyuTsaRscugeRkayenH rYceRsceTAehIy . elak

hgrIu KIsISgEh<r
(Henry Kissinger) TIRbwkSarbs elak RbZanaZibtI nicsun
CaGkEdlKUsvas nig GnuvtyuTsaRsenH. edIm|I eZIVkickarenH estviman
dwknaM sRg<amenAkgRbeTskmCa edaypalEtmg eRkambJakar rbs elak
KisSIgEh<r . sUm|IEt elak vIlam rUehS
(William Roger) rdmRnI karJr
RbeTsGaemrik k*enA RseBcRsBilEdr . shrd Gaemrik k* cabepImpl
GavuZeTAokgT&BExrenAeBlenaH ehIy beg,IncMnYn kgT&BExr rhUtdleTA 22

mWunnak. tmesnIy GaeLcsgD&r ehk
(Alexander Haig) Edl:neZIVdM
eNIrmk RbeTskmCaenAeBlenaH BMuEmnmkemIlsPaBkarNeT EtKW edIm|Iruj

RcandMeNIrkar RbyuTEtmg. buEn KWcabtaMgBIeBlenaHmkEdr EdlGMeBIBuk
rlYy rIkraldal yagZM enAkgCYrkgT&B KWenAeBlmYyEdlkgT&B ExrRkhm

:nekIncMnYn dleTA 2 mWun nak ehIy :nTTYl karhathVwkhVWn yagmaMTaM
BIsMNak kgT&B ev[tNamkumynis RBmTaMg CMnYy CasmareyaZa d* snwk
287
EtticeTA>. enAcugqaM 1971 kg T&Bexac mancMnYn dleTA 2 mWun 2 Jn
nak rIkgT&BcMnYn 4 mWun 6 Jnnak :txnmindwgeTATINa. enAedImqaM 1973
snisITTIRkug:rIs rvag shrd Gaemrik nig ev[tNamkumynis tRmUvokg

T&Bev[tNam xageCIg nigev[tkug dkecj BIRbeTskmCa. TIRkughaNUy k*
suxcitylRBm eRJH kgT&BExrRkhm k* manlTPaBRKbRKan edIm|Ivayyk
PMeBj edayxng:nEdr EtkgT&Bev[tNamkumuynis eRt{m eZIVGnraKmn Ca
nic enAEpkxageCIg nig EpkbUJ( . enAeBlEdlkgT&BExrRkhm rulyag

qabrh&s eqaHeTATIRkugPMeBj edaykatpacpvdwkes|{g GsKansl RbCa
CnenACnbT k*naMKartcUlTIRkugPMeBjyageRcIn CaehtueZIVoRbCaCnkgrdZanI
ekIncMnYndleTA 2 lan 5 Esnnak. ebIkMuEt shrd Gaemrik dwkes|{g mk

otamynehaH GkTIRkugRbEhlCaRtUvdaceJHsab RbkabRbcakKa deNIm
Gg,r edayeKcBMuputeLIy.
enAqaM 1973_1974 edaysMGageTAelIsnisJTIRkug:rIs shrd
Gaemrik er[bcMxne:HbgsaZarNrdExrecalEtmg ehIyb gMo tmesnIy

ln nl eZIVkarcrca CamYy rdaPi:lrYbrYmCati rbs semc neratm sIhnu.
enA z 22 tula qaM 1972 elak hgruI KIsSIgEh<r mkTIRkugPMeBj edIm|I
elIkeLIgBIkarcrcaenaH. enAz 1 mkra qaM 1973 tmesnIy ln nl
RbkasminRBmcrca. BIr_bI z eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs Edl:nRtUvcuH
htelxa enAz 27 mkra qaM 1973 tmesnIy GaeLc sgD&r ehk mk

CYb tmesnIy ln nl enAPMeBj. elak GaeLcsgD&r ehk R:b tm
288
esnIy ln nl za elak RbZanaZibtI nicsun :nseRmc bny GnraKmn
eyaZa rbs Gaemrik enAkgRbeTskmCaehIy. enAkges[vePAmYy rbs

elak
(Une tragdie sans importance) vilam savRkUs (William Shaw-
cross) sresrdUecHza ; enAeBlenaH bnabBI:nsab tmesnIy GaeLc
sgD&r ehk ehIy tmesnIy ln nl ZakTwkEPkeRcak rYcEbrxgdak
tmsnIy GaeLcsgD&r ehk rYc k*yM Etmg. buEn KWcabtaMg BI Ex mkra

qaM 1973 enaHEdr (mk dlz 15 sIha qaMdEdl) Edl shrd Gaemrik
cabepImTmak RKabEbk yagxaMgka pacRB&RteTAelITIitaMgkgT&Bkumynis enA

kg RbeTskmCa. enAxagExrRkhm enaHvij eKBMuRBmcrca sniPaB CamYy
saZarNrdExr Cadacxat eRJH TIRkugebkaMg cgoExrRkhm kankabGMNac

kgeKaledA TbTl nwgev[tNam . sUmbJakca bgbnkumynisTaMgBIrenH
tamkarBiteTA minRtUvKaeT ; RbeTscin TasETg nwg shPaB sUev[t yag
xaMg shPaB sUev[t EdlKaMRTTIRkughaNUy . bnabBIExrRkhm Rbkasmin

crca CamYyTIRkugPMeBj / enA Exkum;qaM 1973 TIRkughaNUy k*pacCMnYy
EdleKZabpleTA oExrRkhmEtmg . enA TIRkugebkaMg enaHvij ex[v sMpn

:nRtUveKTTYl yagGZikGZm dUc CaRbmuxrd nRbeTs kmCa rYcCaeRsc. rI
semc neratm sIhnu vij k*:nRtUvExrRkhm GnuJat oyagmkkgtMbn
rMedaHEdr.
kareRbHqa n saZarNrd Exr
La dislocation de la Rpublique khmre

cabtaMgBI Exkum; qaM 1971 mk yuvCnEdlKaMRT rbb saZarNrd
Ebkecj CaBIrbkSBYk. rbbsaZarNrdExr ekIteLIg swgEtt:nRJgTuk
Camun. rIGksaZarNrdniym k* BMu:neRt{mlkN; pSBVpSay dlRbCa

Blrd GMBI sar;sMxan n rbbenHEdr. xusEbk BI bdivtn :raMg Edlman
TsSnviTU kvI nig GkniBn CabEgkyagrwgmaM rbb saZarNrdExr tamEbb
bsimRbeTs manEtbJvn mYyRkumtUcbueNaH Edlyldwg GMBI tmKti n

rbbenH . ebI KanbJa ev[tkugykTwkdIExreTAeRbIR:s edIm|I eZIVsRg<amtTl
nwg GaemrikeTenaH KWebIKankarTmak semc neratm sIhnu eTenaH CaBiess

ebIKanbJvnExr EdlsbexIm rbbraCaniym ehIy EdlRbqaMg nwgkumynis
eTenaH rbbsaZarNrd k*RbEhlCamin:nRtUvRbkas 7 Ex eRkaykarTmak

semc neratm sIhnu Edr . CakarBitehIy Edlza enAeBlenaH bJvnPaK
eRcIn naMKaKaMRT BYkkumynis Edlman karbtm BI semc neratm sIhnu k*

buEn enAcMeJHmuxkar:tbg GZibety nig bUN(PaBEdndI edayRbEkkBMu:n
BYkGksaZarNrdniym tamEbbbsimRbeTs k*:nTTYltYnaTI RbvtisaRs

mYy d*sMxan enAeBlenaHEtmgeTA. rITMnas EdlEsgeLIgyagc|as enAz
27 emsa qaM 1972 CaTMnas rvag nisSitRbkan rbbsaZarNrd Edlman
tmesnIy ln Nun enABIeRkay nig nisSitRbkan GkGg<massirimt;

kgnamCa GksaZarNrd dUcKa KW minEmnCaTMnas rvagGksaZarNrd nwg
GkraCaniym eLIy eTaHbI man slGkGPirkS CMnaneRkay enAkg Rkumcug

eRkayenHkI . GkxHeT[t tYyag elak eQ[g Kwm sYr GtitRbZan smaKm
289
290
Ga ehS kahV
( A.G. C..A.F.) enA RbeTs:raMgCaedIm CaGkEdlR:za
TasETgExVgKMnitKa . tamkarBit enHRKanEtCabeckeTs rbs Gkneya:y
TMnasna z 27 emsa qaM 1972 CaTMnas deNImGMNac rvag RkumGkneya
naMGVIsMxan enAkgrdaPi:ldUcRkumGkGg<massirimt;eT KwmanEt kmaMgyuvCn
neya:yExr emekagmak> EtgEtxitxMRbEmRbmUl yuvCn nig bJvn omk
RbharrdaPi:lEtmg enaHeT. Rkumtmes nIy ln Nun ecaTRbkanza Gk
cgoExrvilmkrk GtsJaNvb|Zm( d* ruger]g rbsxnvij . ebIniyayocM
:y saZarNrd RbqaMgnwg kumynis dUcKaEtbueNaH . tamTmab rbsGk

KaMRT RbeyaCnpalxn rbsBYkeK . buEn cMeJHGkEdlmanKMniteT[gRtg
ehIy cg:n rbb saZarNrd BitR:kd vij CaBiess GkEdlman eKal
CMhr kraC mincUlcit karRbkanbkSBYk eK:nkayxneTACaCnTTYlrgeRKaH

edaysarrbbenHeTAvij eRJHEtBYkeKh)an riHKnTiet[n Gakb|kiriya minKYrKb|I
n BYkGkOkasniym Edl:neq{tyk rbb saZarNrd eZIVZaQan . tm

Kti EdlCaeKaledA
kalebI:nGMNacehIy EtgEtkayeTACa kaMbitmuxBIr.
GkGeRnIsxH :nbnyksmiTipl RbvtisaRsenH eTAbeRmI RkumRKYsar bkS

BYk rbseK eZIVRBegIy . mYycMENkeT[t karksagsaZarNrd
:nRtUv raMg
sHeRJHEtsRg<am. esdkic ZakcuHdundab. GMeBIBukrlYy rIkraldal enAkg
ExrEtbueNaH . tmesnIy ln Nun EdlenAeBlenaH BMu:nTTYltYnaTI dwk
nigkarKaMRTBIsMNakbJvnsaZarNrdniym KanCeRmIsGVIeT[teRkABI karvay

Gg<mas sirimt; cgdeNImyk cg,t saZarNrdExr edIm|I dwknaMRbeTseqaH
eTArkrbb raCaniymvij. cabtaMg BIEx minaqaM 1972 KW cabtaMg BIeBlEdl
tmesnIy ln Nun ebIkyuTna karvayRbhar GkGg<massirimt;eday

ecjmux karrMeCIbrMCYl nig :tukm ecHEtekItmaneLIg tQbQr enAkg
mCdanRKUbeRg{n nignisSit . enATIbMput :tukmmYy d*ZM :npHeLIg enA Ex

emsa qaM 1973 . :tukmenH :nRtUvbJb enAk gesaknadkm . edIm|IeZIV
karKabsg,teTAelI :tukr GkGg< massirimt; naykrdmRnI sITI :nbJn
kmaMgeTAbRg,abTaMgkeRmalEtmg .
esaknadkmZMmYyeT[t Edl:nekIteLIg enAz 4 mizuna qaM 1974 KW
rd:l. enAExkum; qaM 1971 enAeBlEdltmesnIy ln nl eTABa:l
Xatkm d*Gaz(kM :MgmYy eTAelIrUb elak Ekv sg<wm EdlenAeBlenaH Ca
dwknaM eday eQ[g Kwm sYr CaGkkarJr plRbeyaCn rbs GkGg<mas
saZarNedniymTaMgBIrnakenH :nRtUveK:jsmab enAkgrbg n viTal&y
eraK enA hUNUlUlU yuvCnBIrRkum ecjRbyuTKaedayRtg> Etmg. RkummYy
rdmRnIGbrMCati nig elak zac Ca EdlCaTIRbwkSarbselak Ekv sg<wm. vrCn
sirimt; . RkummYyeT[t Edlman Gwm yU h nig sn zat CaGkkarJr
18 mina GtItviTal&yyuKnr. rI dMeNIr nesaknadkmenaH mandUcteTA ?
smaKmnisSitExr Ga ehS kahV
edayehtuEt:nebIkGg<RbCMusmatmYy
bkSBYk rbs tmesnIy ln Nun . eQ[g Kwm sYr Ca GtItRbZan
(A.G.C.A.F.) enA RbeTs:raMg nig Ca rd
mRnI RksYgRbsNIy nig KmnaKmn .
rI Gwm yU h CaRbZan smaKm
mYyExmunRBwtikarNenH nisSit 5 rUb :nRtUvGaC\aZr n sa ZarNrdcabxn

enAkgviTal&y
KW
Gg<RbCMuEdlRtUv
c|abCaZrman enAeBlenaH hamXatdacxat. bnabmk nisSiteT[t> :nnaM
nisSitn rdaPi:leRsacRsgCati ehIy sn zat CaRbZan nisSit mha
KaTamTar ordaPi:l edaHElgnisSitTaMg 5 nakenaH . buEnrdaPi:lBMuRBm
291
292
viTal&yc|ab . ebIeKemIlBIeRkAeTA KW hakbIdUcCa nisSitExr enAeBlenaH
dacGhg,ar. enAz 3 mizuna qaM 1974 enaH elak RTij vaj EdlCabkSBYk
rbs GkGg<mas sirimt; ehIyCardmRnIRksYg eXasnakar :nniyay tam
za
RBwkeLIg KWenAz 4 mizuna sisSrabrynak :nnaMKacUlmkkgTIisIkarrdmRnI
edayRbCaCnExr GsmanCMen] eTAelI rbbsaZarNrd Exr rbs tmesnIy
Etmg ehIynaMGkTaMgBIr eTAkgviTal&y 18 mina . eyageTAtames[vePAmYy
shrd Gaemrik k*GslTPaBCYy saZarNrdExr bnmkeT[tEdr . bnab
viTCati dakeTaskMhus GMBIkarminRBmedaHElg eTAelI elakrdmRnIGbrMCati.
GbrMCati ehIy cabelakrdmRnI Ekv sg<wm nig elak zac Ca eZIVCacMNab

rbs elak rs cRna buRt
(La Rpublique khmre, Ros Chantrboth, Paris,
lHarmattan, 1993, p. 65-66 ) enAeBlEdlBYksisSnaM elak Ekv sg<wm nig
elak zac Ca tampvzl BI TIsIkarrdmRnIGbrMCati eqaHeTAviTal&y 18 mina

kgkmaMg snisuxmanlTPaBRKbRKan edIm|IeZIVGnraKmn buEnpyeTAvij eKBuM
:neZIVGVITaMgGs edIm|ICYyrMedaHelak Ekv sg<wm nigelak zac Ca . eBl
RBHGg<KantYnaTIGIV
eRkABIkarbeNay
oTIRkugebkaMg
eRbIRbCaRbiyPaB
rbs RBHGg< edIm|ITakTajRbCaCnExrocUlrYmRbyuT kgCYrExrRkhmeLIy.
ln nl eTAehIy BYkExrRkhm rgcaMEteBlcUlmk TIRkugPMeBjbueNaH. rI

BIer]gGaRsUv vaETreh,t
(Watergate) :npHeLIg elakRbZanaZibtI Gaemrik
nicsun :nsMulaElgBImuxtMENg enA z 8 sIha qaM 1974 . putBIelak

nic sun eTA GkdwknaMsaZarNrdExr :tbEgkmYyd*ZM. rIbEgk d*ZM mYy
eT[t EdlsaZarNrdExr :tbgEdr enaH KWkarKaMRT rbs RbCaCn CaBiess

BIsMNak yuvCn nig bJvn . cMeJHGkEdl:nkayeTACa GksaZarNrd
Edl cMNabTaMgBIr sitenAkgrbg viTal&y RsabEtsrkaMePIg :nlan
eRJHEteKcg:nRtwmtYnaTICa rdmRnI laPsk,arepSg> EtbueNaHenaH eKk*
enH sitenAkg Gaz(kM:Mg rhUtmkdlsBVzenH .
rbs BYkExrRkhm. dUcCaenAkg rbb neya:ynana kngmkdUecHEdr Gk
eLIg ehIyelak Ekv sg<wm nigelak zac Ca k*dYlsabmYyrMeBc . Xatkm
eqaH eTArk karrlMrlay

n rbb saZarNrd Exr
Vers leffondrement
de la Rpublique khmre
enAeBlEdl rbbsaZarNrdExrcuHRsutbnicmg> edaysRg<am GMeBI
BukrlYy nigkarxVHsmtPaBRbQmmuxniwgsankarN enAxagrdaPi:lnireTs

rbssemc neratm sIhnu enaHvij GtItRbmuxrdExrcabepImylyagc|as
293
cabepImPitP&ykk,ma enAcMeJHmuxkarvayRbhar cUlmkkgTIRkug Cayzaehtu

TaMgenaH EdltaMgxneKzaCa GkqatRKbrdUv xitxMriHrkRKbmeZa:y edIm|I
er[bcMxn rkSatYnaTI nig RTBsm|ti rbseK CamYyGkQHbnmkeT[t. buEn
eTaHCaqat yagNakI edayxVHR:C\aTsSnviCaeRCARCH nig karecHdwg Rbvti

saRssklelak
sRmabviPaKsankarN
eKk*enAEtcaje:kkareXasna
rbsBYkExr Rkhm nig TIRkugebkaMgEdr. BYkeKeC]edayeqatlgza semc
neratm sIhnu Caem rbs BYkExrRkhm . dUcenH eKylza RtUvEteZIVkarcrca

CamYy rdaPi:lrYbrYmCati rbssemc neratm sIhnu nig ExrRkhm. eK t
ylTalEtesaHza taMgBIz 18 mina qaM 1970 mk semc neratm sIhnu
RKanEtCabkrN GkeTasrbs ExrRkhm nig cin EtbueNaH. eTaHbI
enAeBleRkaymkeT[tkI eTaHbI semc neratm sIhnu :nniBn es[vePAmYy

294
mancMNgeCIgza
Prisonnier des Khmers rouges , Hachette, Paris, 1986
(GkeTasExrRkhm) kI k*BYkeK enAEteC]za semc neratm sIhnu man
tMENg ZM suTEtCaGkkanGMNac BitR:kdTaMgGs. TsSn;enH k*BMuxusEdr

enAkgbribT n RbeTsmYy EdlmanGZibety man kraCRKbRKan . buEn
esrIPaBRKbRKan edIm|IyagvilmkykGMNac rbsRBHGg<:nvij ehIy RKb
enH minEmnCakrNI n RbeTs kmCa enAeBlenaHeT eRJH RbeTsTaMgmUl
ExrRkhm EtetImanGIVxusEbk rvagExrRkhm nig GkEdl:n btm clna
ykeTAeZIV CalanRbyuT rbseK tamry;Rkumneya:yExr nImYy> . ebI
RKgRbeTs dUcBIeBlmun vijeT[t . RBHGg<za RBHGg<Ca GkeTas rbs BYk
enH / tamkarBiteTA rbb saZarNrdExr enAeBlenaH CarbbmYyEdldwknaM
eday Gkneya:yGPirkS nig GkOkasniym RBmTaMgGk EdlBwgEpkTaMg

RsugeTAelI shrd Gaemrik EtbueNaH . rIyuvCn nig bJvn saZarNrd
niymvij eKKantUnaTIdwknaMGVIsMxan kgkarksag rbbzI eLIy. ebIBYkeK h)an
riHKnBYkGkGeRnIsEdl:nTTYlbuNski edaykarEGbGb edaybNaj
EdlEbkecjCaBIrRkum :nRtUvRbeTsCitxag nig RbeTsmhaGMNac tUcZM

manbreTsenABIeRkay KWRKanEtCaqakelanmYy bueNaH. kUn Guk rbscin
enA eBlsm&ybdivtn vb|Zm( cinenaH KW minEmn semc sIhnu dUcEdl

semc sIhnu EtgEteC]enaHeT EtKW ExrRkhm . buEn TalEt ExrRkhm eLIg
mkkanGMNac enAqaM 1975_1979 eTIbkarBit :nEsgecjeLIgyagc|as.

enAedImqaM 1975 enaH semcneratm sIhnu EdlsitenAkgteg,{bcin nig Exr
(La Rpublique des camarades) eKc|asCaKan CeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABI
Rkhm BMuGaceZIVGVI :nTaMgGs edIm|IbnykmaMgExrRkhm. pyeTAvij RBHGg<
mkCYuyTbTl nwg ExrRkhmvij KW vaRCuleBlGseTAehIy. buEn edaykI
bI enAeBlxH KWC karsgwm d*RsBicRsBilkI . etIGkNa CakmaMgbEgk
mitPki
karrtecalRsuk o:nqabrh&sbMputenaHeT. eBlEdleKehA GkTaMgenaH o
cgCYyRsukeBk xHk*:nvilmkRsukvijEdr buEnKWRKanEt sRmaboExrRkhm

ykeTAeZIVTaruNkm yagexacpSa nig vaysmabecal nwgt|gcbEtbueNaH.
GkviPaKxHylza edaybJvneRbIPasa:raMg nig eshavb|Zm(Cati CabsK<
n rbbzI CaGkEdlEbrmuxeqaHeTArk bsimRbeTs GkEdlenABIeRkay Exr
enAEtrkSaKMnitza ExrRkhmmuxCa nwgelIkRBHGg< odwknaMRbeTsCaBMuxan eTaH

BiitR:kd rbs RBHGg< / ln nl ExrRkhm / eTaHCayagNakI enA z
6 mkra qaM 1975 semc neratm sIhnu EdlmankareRkveRkaZ nwg tm
esnIy ln nl eBk k*:nGMJvnav oRbCaBlrdExr nig GkdwknaM sa

ZarNrdExrmYycMnYn eRkABI tmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<mas sirimt;
Rkhmylza BYkeKRtUvEtKas rMelIg GkTaMgenaH ecal TaMgs Etmg.
cUlmkrYbrYmkgclna rbs RBHGg< edIm|I naMsniPaBmkoRbeTsvij. tam
edayP&nRcLMza karcrca CamYy semc neratm sIhnu edIm|InaMRbeTseTArk
EtsRmabsRml dlyuTsaRsvayykPMeBj EtbueNaH . enAcugqaM 1974
enAdMNac
qaM
1974
GkdwknaM
saZarNrdExrOkasniym
yl
sniPaBvij CakarcaM:c . BYkeKemIleXIjEt semc neratm sIhnu Edl
KancMNg KW temIleXIj ExrRkhm nigmhicta rbsGkEdlenA BIeRkay

TalEtesaH. eKyledayP&nRcLMza enAkgvis&yneya:y GkNa manmux
295
karBit cMeJHExrRkhm KaneTkarpSHpSaEbbenH. karRbkassniPaB KW RKan
enaH ExrRkhm manmuxRBYjmYy yagc|as KW katpackardwkes|{g tamTen
emkug nig tamRblanynehaH eJZicing eJlKW bgtGahar GkrsenAkgTI

Rkug . enAkgraRtI z 31 ZU qaM 1974 enaH Rbtibtikar vayRbhar rbs
296
ExrRkhm :ncabepIm BIeRtIyxagekIt n Ten emkug. enAeBldEdlenaH BYk
Rkhm Gaccrca sniPaB CamYysaZarNrdExrEdr . tamkarBit enA shrd
GnrCati eJZicing RBmTaMgeTAelI TIRkugPMeBj CabeNIr> .
naZibtI
ExrRkhm :n:jRKabrukEkt
yagsnwksnab
eTAelIsanIy
Gakascr
hV&d
eRbIsRmab
eZIVGnraKmn
enAkmCaeLIy.
enATIRkug
BitCanaMmk nUv sniPaBCaBMuxan. tmesnIy mYycMnYn n saZarNrdExr
EzmTaMgeRt[mlkN;CaeRsc edIm|ITTYlGbGrsaTr BYkExrRkhm eT[tpg .
munz 17 emsa qaM 1975
KanGkNamak
:nsansankarNBitR:kdRtUveT KWsUm|IEtRksYgkarsmat
k*t:ndwgza TIRkugebkaMg EdlKaMRTExrRkhm minEdlKit BIsniPaB mgNa
Avant le 17 avril 1975

enAExmkra qaM 1975 kgT&B ExrRkhm Edl :nekIncMnYn dleTA 6
mWunnak :neLamB&T TIRkugPMeBj ehIyenA Exkum; :nkatpac pvdwkes|{g

TaMgGsKWTaMgpvTwk pvreTHePIg nig pvzl. cabBIeBlenaHmkExr Rkhm
:n:jRKabrukEkt tRsakRsan cUlTIRkugPMeBj. GkenAkgTIRkugPMeBj

rsenAkgkarPitP&ykk,maeRJHmYyz> RKabepag pacCivitmnusSKandac . Rb
CaCn stRtg k* TTYlkarrgeRKaH edaysar karvaylukenHEdr. RbCaCn enA
( C.I.A.)
x\MkJHGaemrik rIBYkeKvij eKcatTukxneK zaCaGkrMedaH CaGktMNagsIlZm(
d*xgxs CaGkRsLajRbCaCng KanGkNadl KW Cag RbCaCnxng eTA

eT[t buEnebIkMuEtGaemrik dwkes|{g mkotamynehaHenaH RbCaCnExrEdlCaTI
esha rbs BYkExrRkhm RbEhl CaRtUvdaceJHsabGs Kansl. rI
shrd Gaemrikvij eTaHbI elak EL Dwk zU :nR:belak KIsSIgEh<r enAkg

Gg<snisIT TIRkug:rIs cugeRkaybgsza TIRkughaNUy KanlTPaBGIV TaMg
Gs edIm|IniyayCamYy BYkExrRkhmkI k*shrd Gaemrik enAEteC]za Exr
297
ehSral
PMeBj enAeBlEdl ExrRkhmvaysRmukykTIRkug eKnaMKaeC]za ExrRkhm
sPaBkarN enA RbeTskmCa
TIRkugTaMgGs RtvBYkExrRkhmcatTukza CaxaMg CaBYk es GIu Ga
Gaemrik enAeBlenaH RBwTsPaGaemrik :nkatpacmUlniZiTaMgGs mino RbZa
eLIy .
enA z 1 emsa qaM 1975 elak esnaRbmux ln nl :n RtUvk
GK<rdTUt Gaemrik yUn h<neTIr Din bgMocakecjBI RbeTskmCa Cabnan eTA
rsenAkgrdhav edIm|Ier[bcMTukkEng TTYl semc neratm sIhnu vij eRJH

TIRkugvasIugetan eC]enAeBlenaH za sniPaB enAkmCa nwg maneLIgvij ehIy
semc neratm sIhnu nwgvilmkRKbRKgRsukExrdUckalBImun enAeBlEdl

ExrRkhmTTYlC&yCMnH. enAkgeBldEdlenaH elak Lg bUert rdmRnI TI 1
nsaZarNrdExr nigtmesnIy sUxaM Ky RbkassniPaB CamYyExrRkhm

buEn t:ndwgza semc neratm sIhnu nig ExrRkhm naM KaesIccMGk nwg
esckIRbkasenH TalEtesaH . mYyvijeT[t ExrRkhm kMBugman emaTnPaB
yagxaMg GMBI eCaKC&yeyaZa nig neya:y Ca RbvtisaRs rbseK eTAelI

GVIEdleKehAza
BYkcRkB&RtGaemrikpg.
etI
eKGacrkSaTuksRtUvEdleKeCr
Ekg>ralzeT ebIsUm|IEtRbCaCnExr stRtgkI k*suTEtRtUvBYkeKecaTza Ca
xaMgTaMgGseTAehIyenaH/ tamkarBit KWRKanEtCa karedjxamYy ehIybJl

xamYyeT[tmkoRt:kRbCaCnExr yagexacpSaEtbueNaH . eTaHCayagNakI
298
eKGacniyay:nza KW Ca braC&y rbs Gaemrik enANcin nig CaC&yCMnH

rbs
kmaMg
kumynis EdleBl:nC&yCMnHkalNa k*taMgeZIV:bRbCaCn
ExrstRtg edaytRtaRbNI . enHCaTMB&r RbvtisaRsmYy d *exAggit n
RbeTs kmCa EdlExr nig ExrRbyuT Kasabrs ehIyEdl bkSBYknImYy>
ERskEkg> edayteG[nxasza BYkeKCaGkeshaCati Ca GkCYyrMedaHRbCa

CnExr BI karsg,tsg,in rbs breTs . xHGYtGagxneKza CaGkCatiniym
buEnseRmcsRmYceTA smabEtExrKag beRmIEt mhictabreTs ehIy :neZIV
CaGkGeRnIsedaykmaMgT&BbreTs. tamkarBiteTA taMgBICMnanNamk RbCanu
raRsExr minEdlmansiTieRCIstaMgGkdwknaMrbsxneLIy KweRcInEtRtUvbreTs

cattaMgCMnYsCanic
eTaHCa clna ts)UkI .
ehtudUecHehIy :nCa eBlmak
sMucuHjm makeT[tKitEtBIsmab . ExrmakemIleXIjExrmakeT[tCaxaMg eRJH

Etmak> beRmIplRbeyaCnecAhVay rbseK er[g>xn . GVIEdlmak>R:za KW
ERbkaymak eT[t oeTACa x\MkJH rbs xn KW minEdlsUveXIjman qn; cg
ERbkayRbCaBlrd oeTACaGkkarJr GkRsLajesrIPaBeLIy. enAkg

RbvtisaRsExr
eKEtgEtseg,teXIjCaer]y>
nUvkarxVHKtibNit
karxVHPaB
casTM pvKMnitEbbenH enAkgvis&y neya:y. enHCadMemYy d*ZM enAkgkar

RKbRKgRbeTs . eKniyayenAeBlenaH dUecHeT[tza KW RKanEtbrmaseTetI
minKYrGVI rhUtdlzak eZIV:bRbCaCn gEbbenHesaH /
GkEdlRbemIemIleXIjCamun nUv karvivtn sankarNminRsYl munz
17 emsa qaM 1975 :nnaMKarteLIg tmaKcRk Gaemrik yagBJkBBUn
eRJHEtxacExrKag . buEn enATIbMput KWCakarBit> EdlGkmanvicarNJaN

sanmindl .
299
300
CMBUk 7
karkMeTcvb|Zm(mYy
edayyk menaKmviCamYy mkCMnYs
bdivtn EdlKan RbCaCnKaMRT
mhaelatepaH mhaGs
mhaGslk
Une rvolution sans soutien populaire
ou Un grand bond dans le vide
:raMg :neRbIeBlCitmYystvtSr edIm|I naMRbeTskmCa ocUleTAkg
BiPBsm&yTMenIb. vb|Zm(:raMg :nRtUvbg,atCamYyvb|Zm(Exr edayman kar

Bi:kBneBkRk
(karbeg,IttMbnrd:l karkMNtc|abRKbRbePT manCaGaT
c|abrdb|evNI c|abRBhTN c|abhirJvt c|abkmsiTikCn c|absurieya

dI.l.)
enATIbMput eK:nTTYllTplxHEdr
eTaHCaBMu:nRKbRKankI
eRJH
RtUvRbyuT nwg clnaeshaCati nwig TMen[mTmabRbBNIEx n GkdwknaM
EdlxacGkCMnaneRkay ykRTwsI nigkarecHdwg rbsbsimRbeTs mkksag

sg<mmYyEdlmanlkN;sm&yTMenIb ehIy EdlGaceZVIo BYkeK :tbg
GMNac
masTasaTasI rbs BYkeK eJlKW karcatTuk RbCaCn CaTasa
TasI. rI BYkExrRkhm EdlmanTsSn;kumynispg TsSn;CatiniymRCul

pg eKeRbIeBlEtmYYyzbueNaH edIm|Ibrrcnasm&nvb|Zm(nigesdkic hirJvt
Edl:raMg :nbnSlTuko. tamkarBit KWCakarvaykMeTcvb|Zm(Exr Edl:n

RtUvpSaPab CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg. BYkeK :nyk menaKmviCamYyeT[t d*cEmk
Gsar k* rbs bdivtnemAniym mkCMnYs eRBaHrk RbB&nRKbRKg rbs
ExrBMueXIj eRkABI rbbraCaniymeTvraC nig lTiBuTsasna . eKGacniyay

301
302
mageT[tza bul Bt caje:kcin Edltamry;bdivtnvb|Zm( rbs emA es
TiBleTAelI GtItNcin:raMgeLIy. ev[tNamvij eKk*manmhicta CMnYs
epIm bul Bt smabGkecHdwgExr swgEtGsputBUC eRJHEtGkTaMgenH :n
yYn deNImKa kab TaMg sIhnu TaMg bul Bt edIm|IRcanTiBl bsimRbeTs
Tug maneKaledAkMeTcGkksagRsukExrtamEbbbTbsimRbeTs. Cakiccab
TTYlekrmtk(EpkbJaBI:raMg. semc sIhnu RtUvRBQmmux nwgbJvn Edl

mYycMENker eTArkmenaKmviCakumynis ehIymYYcMENkeT[t cgksaglTi
BYkGaNaniKmniym:raMg dUccin GIucwgEdr. KWenAkgn&yenHehIy Edlcin nig

ecjBI tMbnGasIuGaeKy.
etIeKaledA rbs bul Bt kgnamCaGkdwknaM clnakumynisExr naqaM
RbCaZibetytamEbbbsimRbeTs. bJvnTaMgBIrRbePTenH EdlKanGkNa
1950_1975 manGVIxH/ dUceyIg:ndwgxH> rYcmkehIy kaledImeLIy KWCa
suTEtR:za cg:nrbbsaZarNrd. semc neratm sIhnu manbEgkEtmYy
edaydwgza yYnmaneKaledAmYyeT[t KW elbTwkdIExrEtmg k*EbreTArkcinvij
ecj BIRsTabGkRkIRkBitR:kd ehIyk*BMuEmnecjmkBIRsTabesdI NaEdr
bueNaH KWRbCaCnenAERscm,ar. enAeBl:nkraCehIy RBHGg< :nseRmc

dakraCedIm|IRbyuTkgqakneya:y edaybeg,Itclna
R:MqaM
eRkay:nkraCBI:raMg
semc
sIhnu
sg<mraRsniym.
clna TamTarkraC EdlsitenAkg clna rbs ev[tmij. buEneRkaymk

enAqaM 1966. buEn enAcenaH qaM 1966_1975 bul Bt RtUvbgMciteZVIkar
rYmCamYy kumynisyYnsin edIm|IedjGaemrikecjBI Ncin ehIy TaMgcin
kMcatGkecHdwgExrGsCa
TaMg bul Bt :neq{teRbIkmaMgyYnsin edIm|IvayrMlMsaZarNrdExrEdlman
rbsRBHGg<. semc sIhnu manRbCaCntamERscm,arRsLaj buEnman Gri
sitenAeRkamkardwknaM rbs bul Bt KantYnaTICaGkdwknaM karTamTarkraC
eRcIn eRJHEtxacGkTaMgenH RbqaMg nwg neya:y RBmTaMgtYnaTIdwknaMRbeTs

PaBCamYyGkecHdwg. cMENk bul Bt vij Edl:nRtUveKcatTukza Ca
bJvnkumynispg CaGkCatiniympg k*BMuxusBIGkCatiniymRCuleT[tEdr.
buEnenH k*CabJamYy d*ZM cMeJHGkdwknaMkumynisRKbRbeTsEdr eRJHkar

ksagvb|Zm(zIRsLagdacRsLHBIvb|Zm(casTaMgRsugCa karEdlBMuGaceZVIeTA
GaemrikCabEgk. cabtaMgBIqaM 1953 mk bul Bt RBmTaMgExrkumynisEdl

eT{teLIy eRJH RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu nig bJvn GPirkSsaM
niym :nTTYleCaKC&y kgkarTamTarkraC BI :raMg rYceTAehIy. bJad*
cRmUgcRmasEdlekIteLIgenAxN;enaH
cineTA
KW bnab BI :raMgdkT&BecjBI N
cinEdlenACasm&nmit rbs RbeTsev[tNamenAeLIy :nGUsTaj
:neLIy. karkkekIt nvb|Zm(mYy eRbIeBlyUrNas ehIy RtUvqgkat
semc neratm sIhnu obn karts)URbqaMg nwg GaemrikbneTAeT[t. edIm|IeZVI
CakarsgswkmYyd*ZM nigd*keRmalEtbueNaH edaysmabTaMgbJaCn TaMgBYk
sIhnu bunaneTeRJHRBHGg<GacERbRbYlenAeBlxagmux. edaydwgzacin man
bdivaTkm CaeRcInEzmeT[t. EmnETneTA bdivtnkumynis rbs bul Bt KW
KhbtI TaMgGPiCn TaMgGkbdivtdUcKa EdlminRBmeKarB mhicta rbs emA
esTug. tamry; bdivtn rbs emA enAeBlenaH nigtamry;lTimakS elnIn

rbssUev[t GkdwknaMcin nig yYn minRBmoRbeTsbsimelakNamYy man
303
kickarenH cinkabTaMgsemc sIhnu kabTaMg bul Bt. cinminTukcit semc

mhictaelbykNcinTaMgmUl ev[tNam tamyuTsaRs rbs hU CImij k*
Ebr eTArk shPaB sUev[tvij . shPaB sUev[t EdlmanTMnas CamYycin
taMgBIqaM 1959 k*cabepImBRgwgtYnaTIrbseKenANcin. TMnas rvag cin nig

304
yYn :nkayeTACaTMnasmYy CamUldan enAkgbk SkumynisExr eRkamkar

dwknaM rbs bul Bt . niyaymYyEbbeT[t RbeTsev[tNam minbeNay
ocinykRbeTsTaMgbIenANcin:neLIy eRJHenH k*CaeKaledArbseKEdr.

xagEpkmenaKmviCa bul Bt ykreb[bbdivtncin. tamkarBit KWminEmnCa
bdivtn EdlmanRbCaCnKaMRTeT eRJHenAeBlenaH RbeTskmCa :nkay eTA
CasmrPUmimYy d*ekAKKuk rvag cin nig yYn EdlmanrhUtmkdl kicRBm
eRB{gsniPaBTIRkug:rIs . buEn eday shPaB sUvev[t RtUvrlMrlayeTA

yYn k*GsbEgk edIm|IERbkaysubinrbseK oeTACakarBit . karBit KWRKan
EtCakarpaksRg<ambueNaHsineT eRJHTMnasrvagyYn nigcin minEmnCaTMnas
menaKmviCa bunaneT EtCa TMnas deNImNcinKa . ehtudUcemc :nCaExr

RkhmsmabbJvnExr oputBUCdUecH/ muneBl:raMgecjputeTA :raMg :n
beg,ItbJvn sRmab bnevn GPiRkmTMenIbkm RbeTskmCatamEbbbTbsim
RbeTs
rYmbJlTaMglTiRbCaZibetyesrIniympgEdr.
edIm|IRKbRKgExr
:n cinKanCeRmIsGVIeT[t eRkABIlubbM:ttYnaTI rbsbJvnTaMgenaHeLIy rYm
bJlTaMgGkeqVgniympgEdr eRJHputBI sIhnu eTA enAmanGkTaMgenaHeT[t

EdlCa bsK<kgkarbJlRsukExreTArgVgTiBlcin . rIExrRkhm mYy
RkumeT[t EdlmanyYnKaMRT cabtaMgBIkarQanJn rbs yYnenAqaM 1979
mk k* eZVIRbhakRbEhlKaEdr KW ykGkEdlKanCab nwg vb|Zm(:raMg odwk
naMRbeTsedaykNabdEdkEtmgKWCakareRsc bnabmk beg,ItGMeBIBukrlYy
JseBjRbeTs. buEnRbeTsev[tNamkI rbbExrRkhmEdlmanyYnCabEgk
kI RtUvkarR:kkasBIbsimRbeTsedIm|ITbTl nwg cin Edl:nkayeTA Ca

RbeTsmankarlUtlas d*xaMgmhima . ehtuenH xusBIcinbnic yYnRtUvbgMcit
rk bsimRbeTs mkeZVICabEgkyuTsaRs .
305
RBwtikarN z 17 emsaqaM 1975
Le 17 Avril 1975
enAz 17 emsa qaM 1975 kgT&B ExrRkhm RbdabedaykaMePIg Ga
ka 47 nig kaMePIgsMrab:jRKabEbk eb 40 :n cUlmkdlTIRkugPMeBj.
BYkeKRbkasza sRg<amcbehIy KW mann&y za BYkeKnaMmk nUv sniPaB .

buEn enAzenaHg kgT&BExrRkhm :nbn eZIVkare:ssMGat TItaMgsMxan>
rbs kgT&B saZarNrdExrJseBjTIRkug . eKeXIj saksB CnCatiExr
edksabskswg dUcexacEq, JseBjpvzl . buEn eKtmaneXIj sak

sB CnCati GaemrikaMg k* saksB CnCatiev[tNamNamakesaH . hag
TMnij mnIreBT salaer[n RBmTaMg smar;brikaTMenIb> :nRtUv BYkGkbdivt
dacxatTaMgenH kMeTcecalGs eRJHEt BYkeKylza suTEt Cakta n GMeBI
BukrlYy
CasRtUv rbs bdivtn . enAcMeJHmuxsankarNEbbenH RbCaCn
TIRkugPMeBj Edl:nRtUvBYkenHcatTukCaeRsc zaCaxaMg rbs bdivtn Cax\M

kJH rbs BYkcRkBtiGaemrik Ca GkKaMRT rbbsaZarNrdExr cabepIm
ylza BYkExrRkhm BitCaBYk TmiLGnJl Kansasna Kan Zm(emta GIV

TaMgGs . eRkayenaHbnic RbCaCnTIRkugPMeBj EdlenAeBlenaH mancMnYn
RbmaN 2 lan5 Esn nak :nRtUvBYkExrRkhm edjecjBITIRkugTaMgGs
KWedayRbjabRbjal tkRkhl rkEtykGIVeTACamYy RbEmRbmUl RbBn
kUnecAbgbn omkCMuKaminTan . KwenAeBlenaHehIy EdlGkrsenAkgTIRkug
TaMgbunanRtUv:kEbkRKYsar . xH:tbI xH:tRbBn kUnecA rkmineXIjrhUt
mkdlsBVzenH. enAz 17_18 emsa enaH BYkExrRkhm EdledIredj

RbCaCntampH :nPUtPrza Gg<kar oecjBIpH EtbIzbueNaHeT KW edIm|I
306
oeKcBIkarTmakRKabEbk rbs Gaemrik . BYkxHR:bza min:cecjeT Ca
:nsmabecal ZMsy eBjbriyakas . zbnab>mkeT[t edayxVHes|{g
ExrRkhm rhUtdlBYkenH:jKava eTAvijeTAmk eT[tpg . enATIbMput bJa
nak enAkgRbeTsTaMgmUl cabepIm:kEbkKa Gg<ysRmkTwkEPk eRJHEt
mnusSma RtUvbgMcit cakcjBIpHedayeRk{mRkM eRkamkarKMramkMEhgnkaMePIg
nwg xn k*edayyk eRK]gGlg,ar eTAedaHdUrCamYy GkmUldan15. cMeJH
ehtueZIVoKitGVI k*minTan ehIymankarExVgKMnitKayagxaMg enAkgcMeNam BYk
cugeRkay KW RtUvoRbCaCn ecjGsBITIRkug eJlKW BI lMenAfan rbseK .

Ga ka 47 nig eb 40 EdlBYkvaehAza RtyUgeck . kgT&BExrRkhmEdl
cUlmkTIRkugPMeBj xHexaGavexA xHeT[t JkksNanRtIyITahan edIredj
TaMgmnusSQW TaMgRsImanpeJH TaMgmnusSkMBugBresrUm ecjGs BI mnIr

eBT. enAtampvzl eKeXIjBYkva GUsTaMgmnusS TaMgERK RceggRcgag dUc
eK GUsstVRCUk KYrosegVKBneBkRk .
GkeTas rbs BYkExrRkhm rabEsnnak tampvCatinImYy> ehIy rablan

TasETgdeNImcMNIGaharKabnicbnc KW cMNI EdlxHmanKMnit ykmkCab
GkxH dMeNIrKaneKaledAenH manry;eBl 1 2 s:h. cMeJHGkxH
eT[t eKcayeBlGsCag 1 Ex eTIbrkPUmi EdleKGnuJatosakGaRs&y

enA:n. GkEdlmanedImkMeNIt enAPUumi_Rsuk Na minh)aneTARsukenaHvijeT
eRJH Et:nZabeZIVCaGkrdkar Tahan. rhUtmkTlsBVzenH eKenAmin
ylza ehtudUcemc :nCaBYkExrRhm eZIV:bRbCaCngEbbenH . xHeC]za
kgry;eBlEt bYn_R:M emag KWRbEhl BI emag 9 RBwk dlemag 2
KW edIm|IERbkay RbCaCnTIRkug oeTACaksikr . xHeT[tylza KW CakarKMkYn
ExrRkhm edjecj BITIRkugGsKansl . CnrgeRKaHTaMgenaH RtUveKruj
Emn ehtudUcemc :nCa BYkeK BMurg caM 1 Ex 2 Exsin TRmaM er[bcM o:n
zres[l GkrsenAkgTIRkugPMeBj RbmaNCag 2 lan nak :nRtUv BYk

Rcan yagBJkBBUn ENnNantantab ecjBI TIRkugtampvCatiTaMg 4 Tis
edaymindwgza etIRtUveTATINa . GsarCagenHeTAeT[t GVI k*BYkExrRkhmmin
oykeTAEdr buEn cMNIGahar :yTwk sRmabeZIVdMeNIr EdlKaneKaledA

enH k*BYkenH tEckcayoeT[t . mnusS rabEsnnak EdleZIVdMeNIrtampv
GkTIRkug. buEn ebIRtUvERbkayGkTaMgenH oeTACaksikr CaGkbg,beg,Itpl
RsYl/ etIGkEdleZVIdUecH CaExrEmn k* manGkNaenABIeRkay / buEn man
RbkarmYyeT[t EdlGacmankarTakTg nwg karedjRbCaCnecjBITIRkugenH ?

enAeBleRkayenaHbnic BYkExrRkhm :nGMJvnav rkbJvn EdleKsm<al
tamsJaGkJkEvnta.
rIeKaledA
KWkMeTcGkecHdwgExrecalTaMgGs.
Cati nImYy> kgeBlEtmYy eqaHeTArk ERs cMkar RBRBwkSa eqaHeTArk
ehtudUcemc :nCaBYkeK kMeTcbJvnecal / CakarBit ehIyEdlza bJvn
bI RbBnkUnecA EdlmindwgxatRJt eTATINa . Exemsa CaExekAhYtEhg
15
mrN;Etmg k*Gacza:n KanGVIbriePaKeT ehIyRskTwkEPk edaynwkeTAdl
emaHehIy kareZVIdMeNIrEbbenH CaBiess kUnxI RsImanpeJH kUnekg mnusS

casCra mnusSmanCmW RtUvxlcab dYlsab ykeTAkb swgminTan eRJH
RtUveZIVdMeNIrCak|nbneTAeT[t. kwnGesac nsaksBmnusS EdlExrRkhm

307
GkEdlrsenA CnbT taMgBIyUrmkehIy> Edl:ncUlrUmcMENk RbyuT
CamYyExr Rkhm enAeBlts)U . PaKeRcIn n GkTaMgenH man kUn Rbus RsI

eZIVCa eyaZa ExrRkhm .
308
CaGktMNagvb|Zm(sg<mExr EdlBYkeKmincg:n k*buEnebIKan GkTaMgenHeT
TUt mindwgRtUvcatkarreb[bNa ? NamYy xacBYk GavexA TaMgenaH :j
sg<mExr k*BMuGacCasg<mExreT[teLIy. etIenH EdlCaeKaledA rbsGkeZIV
eTAelIsanTUt NamYy xacxusq<gkarTUt eRJH enAeBlenaH RbeTs:raMg
bdivtnvb|Zm(
eRkamkardwknaM rbs elak RbZanaZibtI vaeLrIu hSIss,a edssaMg
enaH/
eTaHCayagNakI
GVIEdlBMuGacRbEkk:n
KW
GMeBI
eXareXA d*sahavRBpSbMput rbsBYkExrRkhm eTAelI RbCaCng karkab
(Valry
Giscard dEstaing) KaMRT semc neratm sIhnu EdleKKit CaTUTA enAeBl
smabExrKag taMgBIeBlcUlmkdlTIRkug rhUtdl reb[bdakTNkm kma
enaHzaCa GkdwknaM rbs BYkExrRkhm. dUcenH eKminGacTTYls<al Gkdwk
mYy d* exAggit EdlExrCMnaneRkay rkeC]swgBMurYc . Kw enAkgeKaledArkSa
kugs)ul EtbueNaHeT. mun nwg RtUv BYkExeRkhm GUsykeTA RbharCIvit Gk
Pi:lExrRkhmdUcKa edayeZVITaruNkmyagRBpS . enHCa TMB&rRbvtisaRs
TuknUv karBitenHehIy Edlx\MxMsresr er]grav TaMgLayenH sRmab bJak
R:bExr CMnaneRkay . RBwtikarNRbvtisaRsenH :nRtUv GkRbvtisaRskg
naM rbbsaZarNrdExr :neT rI sanTUt:raMg enAeBlenaH RKanEtCasan

Gg<massirimt; EdlBMuRBmrtecjBIRsuk mun karrlMrlay n saZarNrd
Exr :nniyaysarPaBza ? kgmYyCIvit rbs x\MenH x\MmankMhusEtmYyKt
sklelak sresrrYcGsehIy buEnxMy

\ lza KYrEtsresr CaPasaExreT[t
KW eC]eTAelIshrd Gaemrik . BYkExrRkhm :nbEnmza ? minEmnEt sh
edIm|ITukCa sarNa rbs Exr o:nrhUtter[geTA .
rd Gaemrik bueNaHeT GkNaeT[t k*minRtUveC]Edr dUcenAkgeBlenHCaedIm
Gakb|kiriyarbs BYkExr Rkhm
dUcCa elak Lg bUert elak ln Nun bnrbs elak esnaRbmux ln
Le comportement des Khmers rouges

enAeBlEdlBYkExrRkhm edjRbCaCnecjBITIRkugPMeBj nigBI TIRkug
GkGg<mas :neXIjRsabehIy. GkdwknaM saZarNrdExr mYycMnYneT[t

nl nig CamitrYmzak rbs ex[v sMpn CaedIm k*:nRtUvBYkExrRkhm ykeTA
RbharCIvitecalEdr . sUmbJakza KW elak ln Nun enH ehIyEdlCaGk
CYy TMnukbRmug salakCn
cMerInviCa nig kmCbuRt EdlCa sMbuk rbs
nanaoecjeqaHeTACnbT enATIRkugPMeBj enaHvijGkdwknaM rbb saZarN
BYkExrRkhm kalBIsm&y EdlBYkeKts)U enAkgTIRkugPMeBj. enAxN;enaH
RbeyaCn. BYkExrRkhm EdlCaGkCatiniymceg{tcgl ehIy EdlCa Gk
BYkExrRkhmGnuJat oenAkgsanTUt rIExr EdlmanRbBn:raMg RtUvecj
n bsimelak minTTYls<al ebskkm karTUtGIV TaMgGs . GkGg<mas sIu
ebIminRBmRbKl CnCatiExr TaMgenaH eTAoBYkeKeTenaH BYkeKnwg:j elak
eTAsMuRCkekan enAkgsanTUt:raMg k*BMu:n TTYlsiTiRCkekanEdr eRJH san
Edlsit enAelI TwkdIExreLIy.
rdExr mYycMnYn :nrteTA sMuRCkekan enA sanTUut:raMg buEn Ca kart
enAkgsanTUt:raMg mankarRcbUkRcblmYyd*ZM ? narIExrEdlmanbI:raMg RtUv
sbexImCnbreTseRkABI cinkumynis nigkUerxageCIg CaBiess CnEs|ks
BIsanTUt TaMgGsCakMhit . BYkExrRkhm KMram elak Gnukugs)ul :raMgza
suvtisirimt; GkdwknaMmak d* Mxan n bbsaZarNrdExr Edl nATIbMput :n
Gnukugs)ul ecalEtmg eRJH BYkeK txac trNb nwg CnbreTsNa
309
310
enAeBlEdlRBwtikarN
d*cEmkenHekItmaneLIg
enAkgBiPBelak
TaMgmUl Kan GkNa eC]za maner]g reb[benHeT. ebIkMuEtman CnCati:raMg KWw

sgkatUlik bugsUd
breTs mYyRbePTeT[t naMKa cUlmktamTVareRkay yagBJkBBUn KW xusKa

Et BN(sm|rEs|k EtbueNaH .
(Pre Ponchaud ) sitenAkgRbeTskmCa rhUt dl
eBlcugeRkay bgs CasakSI BiPBelak TaMgmUl k*minGac eC]:neLIy .
sgkatUlik :raMg bugsUd Edl eBlmkdl Rsuk:raMgvij :nniBn es[v

ePAmYy mancMNgeCIgza ?
Cambodge, Anne zro (RbeTskmCa qaMEdl
rbb kmCa RbCaZibety
Le Kampucha dmocratique
Zak dl :tal) :nsresr er[brab BIRBwtikarNenH yagBisar . enAkg

RbeTskmCa enAeBlenaH eKecaTsYrza ehtudUcemc :nCaBYkExr Rkhm eZIV
EbbenH ehIy Rbkan Gakb|kiriyaEbbenH / ehtudUcemc :nCa BYkeKsb
GkTIRkug dlzakenH/ cMeJH BYkExrRkhm eKtBi:keqIyeT eRJH cMeJH

BYkeK GkenATIRkug suTEtCaGkBukrlYy CaGklkxn lkRbeTsobreTs
ehIyedIm|Iksagsg<mzImYyeT[t
o:nsatsM
man
esckIeshaCati
d*
emaHmut BYkeK RtUvEteZVIdUecH . sUmktsm<alza kalNa plRbeyaCn

GMNac rbseK RtUvbHJl GkdwknaMExrmYycMnYn EtgEtniyayEbbenH eTaHbI
tamkarBiteTA CatiTaMgmUl EdleKtaMgxneK zaCa
GktMNagenaH RtUvbRgm
mkRtwmbkSBYk rbs eK k*eday . CakEsg eKseg,teXIjza edaysMGag

eTAelI ehtuplTaMgLayenH GkdwknaMxH eZIVkarsg,tsg,inRbCaCng Rbhak
RbEhl nwg GIV EdlBYkGaNaniKmniym nig BYkcRkBtiniym eZIVeTAelI
RbCaCn n RbeTsEdleK QanJn dUecHEdr. buEn GaNaniKmniym Ebb
cugeRkayenH manlkN; ZnZrNas eRJHza RkenAEtRk KancMeNHviCa enA

Et KancMeNHviCa dEdl . ebIminplcMeNHviCaRKbRKan dlRbCaCn etI
eKrMedaHRbCaCn
Edl
ExrRkhm
tamEbbNaeTA/
kanGMNacenaH
enAkgkrNI
nRbeTskmCa
eKseg,teXIjza
311
enAsm&y
seRmcsRmYceTA
Cn
RBwtikarN z 17 emsaqaM 1975 :nRtUv ExrRkhm catTukza Ca
zeCaKC&ymYyd*ZM enAkgRbvtisaRsExr eRJH CazEdlBYkeKGHGagza :n

vayrMlM TaMg rbbskiPUmi TaMg vN;KhbtI TaMg BYkGaNaniKmniym RKb
RbePT . buEncMeJH semc neratm sIhnu vij RBHGg< :nRtUvBYkExr kumy
nis rkSaTuksin CaehtueZIVo RbCaCnExr enAeBlenaH manesckIsgwmza

sPaBkarN nwg vileTArk PaBRbRktI vijCaBMuxan . RbCaCnTIRkugEdlRtUv
Cem{s oeTArsenA tamPUmi enACnbT ehIy EdlGt:y RkhayTwk RJt
R:sbIsI RbBnkUnecA naMKasmwgemIleTA BdrGakas ERkgeXIjyn ehaH

dl semc 16 RtUveZIVdMeNIrRtLb BIebkaMg mkmatuRbeTsvij . 10 z
bnabBI
eyaZa
ExrRkhm :ncUlmkTIRkugPMeBj
GkdwknaMExr
Rkhm:n
ebIk Gg<sni:tmYyenA BhukILadan eRkamGZibtI rbs ex[v sMpn. sma

Cik rdaPi:l rYbrYmCati kmCa 13 rUb k* :ncUlrYmRbCMuEdr . Gg<sni:t
naz 25_27 emsaenaH :nsMercrkSaTuk semc neratm sIhnu ositenA
16
semc neratm sIhnu sBVRBHT&y oeK ehA RBHGg< za semc .
312
CaRbmuxrddEdl ehIy elak Ebn nut k*sitenA CanaykrdmRnI bnmk
breTs k*BMuekIteTAeT[t eRJHBYkeKsbbreTs . dUcenH BYkeK KanCeRmIsGVI
neratm sIhnu EdlKg enATIRkugebkaMg :nRtUv BYkExrRkhm GnuJatovil
maskar mYyryPaKry EbbenH BYkeK k*mincaM:cedj RbCaCnecjBITIRkug
tUcbueNaH eRJHRtUveTAbMeBjebskkm enAbreTs nig enAGg<kar shRbCa
sin KW eRt[mlkN;o:neRsc . dUecHeXIjza Tnwm nwg C&yCMnH rbseK
eT[tEdr. Cag 4 Ex eRkaymhasni:tenH KW enAz 9 kJaqaMdEdl semc
RtLbmkRsukExrvij. buEn RBHGg<KgenA TIRkugPMeBj Et mYyry;eBl

Cati. enAExkum; qaM 1976 rdZmnuJ rbb kmCaRbCaZibety rbsBYkExr
Rkhm :nRtUvRbkasoeRbI . rdZmnuJenaH KW CardZmnuJ kumynis Etmg

eRJHmeZa:y bg,beg,ItplRtUvyk eTAdakrYm CaRTBsm|ti rbs smUh
PaBTaMgGs . vb|Zm( RKbRbePT TaMgvb|Zm(Exr TaMgvb|Zm(breTs RtUvKas

rMelIgecal eRJH ekrdMENl EpkbJa 20 stvtSr rbs mnusSCati TaMg
mUl RtUvBYkExrRkhm catTukza CaRbPB
n GMeBIBukrlYyTaMgGs . enAz
2 emsa qaM 1976 semc neratm sIhnu :nlaElg BImuxtMENg Rbmuxrd
edIm|I pltYnaTIenH eTAo ex[v sMpn vij . Kw enAeBlenaHehIy Edl bul

Bt ecjmux dwknaM rbbzI edayman tYnaTI Ca naykrdmRnI .
z 17 emsa EdlCazeCaKC&y rbs BYkExrRkhm k* Ca zEdl
RbCaCnExrTaMgmUl ZakeTAkgreNAmrN;Edr. z 17 emsa qaM 1975 enaH

EdlCa zEdlCnbreTs ecjGs BI kmCa k* Caz braC&y rbs BYkExr
RkhmpgEdr. cMNIGahar nig eRK]gbePaKbriePaK Edl Gaemrik dwkCJn

mkoRbCaCnExr enAeBlEdl saZarNrdExr Qanmkdl TIbJb enAsl
sRmab Et 10 z bueNaH rI enAtamERscm,ar k*KanGVI sRmabciJwm

RbCaCn TUTaMgRbeTsEdr eRJHEt sRg<am eRJHEtBYkExrRkhm KanEpnkarGVI
TaMgGs . BYkeK KitEt BI C&yCMnH CaRbvtisaRs edayePcKit TaMgRsugza
C&yCMnHBitR:kd KWcabepIm BI karmanGaharbriePaKsin. ebI nwg eTArkCMnYy

313
eT[teRkABI TukoRbCaCn daceJH sabenaHeT . ebIBYkeKminRbkanyuTsaRs
CabnaneBkdUecHEdr. tamZmta munnwg TTYlC&yCMnH eKRtUvKit er]g esdkic
BYkExrRkhm k* :nbg,RKblkN; edIm|ITTYlbraC&y eTAvijEdr . C&yCMnH

rbs
ExrRkhm
CaC&yCMnH
EpkeyaZasuTsaZ
edayBMuRBmERbkayva
oeTACaC&yCMnHEpkneya:yEpkesdkic nig sg<m C&yCMnHenaH k*putrlt
:teTAvij kgeBlmYyd*xI. buEn mun nwgrlaysabsUn rbbenH :nbeg,It
vinaskmmYy d*ZMsem|ImGsar enAkgsg<mExrTaMgmUl . rhUt mkTleBl

bcb|nenHeKenAEtecaTsYrza ehtudUcemc :nCaExrRkhm eRCIserIsykRck
EbbenH / xHyleXIjeday samJza KW mkBI GviCa mkBI karRbmaz
KtibNit TaMgEpkneya:y TaMgEpksg<mZm( nig TsSnviCa .
karkekIteLIg
n clna ExeRkhm
Les origines des Khmers rouges

mun nwg niyay GMBI reb[bRKbRKgRbeTs rbsExrRkhm enAcenaHqaM
1975_1979 x\MsUmer[brabGMBIRbPBedIm nig Rbvti n clnaenH . kaledIm
eLIy clnaExrRkhmenH ecjmkBI clna sSr; clna TamTarkraC
BI:raMgenAkglMh NcinTaMgmUl ehIyEdleRkaymk :nkayeTACa clna
314
kumynis edayKYbpSM clna TamTarkraCCati CamYy nig karts)U rbs
Edlman TMnas CamYy shPaB sUev[t> EdlKaMRTbdivtn kumynisev[t
sIhnu :ndakeQaHoza ExrRkhm dUecHvij KW Ca clnamYy Edlman kar
KMnitCatiniymdUcEtKa CaBiess RbeTscin nigRbeTsrusSIenHEtmg Edl
h)U nwm, CYn mum, ekg vansak, ex[v sMpn, saLt sr, eG[g sarI CaedIm .
sm&yenaH GkdwknaMExrRkhm yleXIjza RbeTskmCa manePaKRTBRKb
vN;GZn . cMeJHRkumts)UExrenH EdlenA Exvicika qaM 1966 semc neratm

TakTgCitsiT nwg bJvnExrmYyRkum dUcCa ex[v buNarI, ex[v ZiriT, h)U yn,
rIKMnitedIm rbsRkumenH KW KMnitCatiniymmYyEbb EdlcgrMedaHRbCaCnRkIRk
Nam . karBit eRkamTg menaKmviCa kumynis RbeTsNa k*suTEtman

cgoRbeTsnana ykBYkeK eZIVCaKMrUpg ehIy rNb nwg RbeTseKpg . enA
RKanTaMgGs edIm|I ksag CIvPaB RbCaCnExr KW mincaM:cTakTg nwg RbeTs
CaBiessksikr nig kmkroecjputBI karsg,t sg,in rbs QjbreTs
Na eT[teLIy . enAkgKMnit emaTnPaBCati mYy d*xaMgka GkdwknaMExrRkhm
pv o BYkmUlZnniym kMuR:D&r cUlmkeZIV:b RbCaCnExr . eKGacniyay
TaMg :nksag cRkPBmYy d*ZM nwgeKEdr cuHehtuGIV :nCaCMnaneRkay minGac
nig BYkGkdwknaMExrGkkanGMNac EdlBYkeKcatTukza suTEtCa GkEdlebIk
mageT[tza KW Caclna GkCatiymdacxatmYyEdlEpk eTAelIRTwsIkumy

nis . tamZmta KMnitCatiniym CaKMnitrbs GkGPirkSRbkanninakarsaM buEn
yleXIjza buBVbursExr:n ksagdleTA burIGg<r mYy d*s,wms, ehIyEzm

eZIV bdivtnmYyCaKMrU :nenaH /
enAqaM 1953 KW munkicRBmeRB[g TIRkughSWENvbnic saLt sr Edl
enAkgkrNI ExrRkhmenH KW EbrCaEpk eTAelI KMniteqVgniym eTAvij . enHCa
eRkaymkmaneQaHza bul Bt :nRtLbBIRsuk:raMgmkvij buEn minTancUl
nis KW CakarkanGMNacpackar rbs vN; GZn EdlEpkeTAelIsamK<IPaB
mij enARbeTsev[tNamsin. saLt sr :nnaMmkBI Rsuk:raMg nUvKMnitGk
bdivaTkmmYyd*ZM enAkgmenaKmviCakumynis rYcCaeRsceTAehIy. rbbkumy

n vN;GZnGnrCati edIm|IvayrMlM rbbmUlZnniym buEn enAeBlenaH eday
clna kumynis enAGasIu CaBiess enANcin eRcInEtecjmkBI RbPBGk
Catiym EdlRbqaMg nwg BYkGaNaniKmniym karRcbUkRcbl k*eKcBMuput .
mkRbeTskmCaPameT KW sakl|gTakTg clnasSr;Exr tamry;Exrev[t

Catiniympg KMnit kumynispg . enAeBlenaH saLt sr EdlmanGayu
RbEhl 25 28 qaM RKanEtCa nisSitmak bueNaH buEn CanisSit Edl

manCMen]zaeKGac nwgkayeTACa GkdwknaMmakd*sMxanEdr. eBl:n CYbnwgGk
(Lnine) :nbkRsay RTwsI rbs makS sRmbeTAtam
dwknaM bdivtnkumynisev[tNam saLt sr EbrCaRtUvGkTaMgenH ykeTAlut
RbeTsnImYy> mankRmitsSahkm xsenaHeT . edayELk cMeJHExrRkhm
dUcmnusSminecHGkSr . sa Lt sr min:ndwgTalEtesaHza eKnwgkayeTA
mag eT[t elnIn
karcaM:c n kareZVIbdivtnsklelak Cabnan KwedaymincaMEt dleBlEdl

eK:nEpkkarts)U rbseK eTAelIKMnitCatiniymmYy d* RsYcRsav eday kat
pac RbeTskmCa ecjBI clnakumynis eT[t> elIkElgEt RbeTscin
RbeTsrUmanI nig RbeTs yUeh<asavIu KW bNaRbeTs kumynis mYycMnYn
315
dM dUckUnekg KW oe:spH lagbg<n caksMram ehIy er[nsURt neya:y

CamnusSEbbenH. buEn cMeJHGkdwknaM bdivtn ev[tNam karlutdMenH Cakar
caM:c eRJHtamkarBit KW Ca viZIlagxYrk|almYyEbb Edlkumynis eZIVCa
RbcaM sRmab GkEdlcgkayxn eTACaGkdwknaM vN;GZn enAzmux . eBl
316
EdlsaLt sr cg:ntYnaTIenH enAkgRbeTskmCa sPaBkarN mankarERb
mkvij ehIy muneBlEdlRtUveTAtaMgTI enA rtnKIrI . sUmktsMKalza enA
nig saMniym CaBiess karRbwg ERbg rbs RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:Tneratm
cMnYn :ncakecj BIkariyal&y elx 100 rbseK edIm|IeZIV dMeNIrezIreCIg
kicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSWENv clna sSr;Exr RtUvrMsayecal TaMgGs . rI
kgkareZVIdMeNIrenH EdlcayeBlGs 9 Ex KNRbtiPUExr dwknaMeday bul
RbYl mYyd*ZM . tamry;karRbwgERbg ebs bJvnExr EdlmanninakarGPirkS

sIhnu RbeTskmCa :nTTYlkraC tampvc|abrYceRsceTAehIy. eRkay
BYkev[tmij Edlbg,bxn enAkgRbeTskmCa k*RtUvRtLbeTARsukvij CakMhit
Edr eRkamkarRtYtBinit rbs Gg<kar GnrCati .
enAz 8 kum;qaM 1951 Gkts)UExr 9 nak n bkSkumynis Ncin
(PCI) :nrYmRbCMuKa CamYyelak EL Dwk zU edIm|Ibeg,ItKNbkS kumynisExr
mYy EdlmansV&yPaBRKbRKan buEnEdlrkSa TMnakTMng CamYy bkSkumy
nis TaMg 2 eT[t . KNbkS kumynisExrenaH maneQaHza bkSRbCaCn

cMeJH kalbriecT BitR:kd n karbeg,ItbkSenH KWmankarbk
Rsay xus> Ka eRJHRkumxH :nkMNtyk z 30 kJa qaM 1960 vij KW
zEdlmanGg<RbCMusmatmYy BIz 28 dlz 30 kJa enAkgTUreTHePIg enA

kgsanIyrzePIgTIRkugPMeBj . GkEdl:ncUlrYmRbCMuenA eBlenaH EdlCaz
mhasni:t bkSRbCaCn bdivtkmCa elIkTI 2 man TaMgGs 21 nakenAkg
enaH manvtman rbs TU samut GK<elxaZikarbkS, nYn Ca nig saLt sr
EdleRkaymk maneQaH za bul Bt . Gg<RbCMuenaH
:nERbeQaH bkSRb
CaCn bdivt kmCa mkCa bkSBlkr kmCa vij . KWw edayykzenaH Ca
sMGag saLt sr :nbeg,It bkSkumyniskmCa 6 qaMeRkaymk KW enAEx
kJa
qaM
1966
tamry;Gg<RbCMumYy
Edl
bul
Bt
:nebIkenAkariya
l&yelx 100enA kMBgcam eRkayeBlRtLbBIhaNUy tampvlM hU CImij

317
tampvlM hU CI mij eTAhaNUy bnabmkeTATIRkugebkaMg nigBgyag. enA

Bt :nCYbsnnaCamYy EL y&n, ema es Tug, lU ecA CI nig etg s)avBIg.
karbeg,It bkSkumyniskmCa enH CakarkMNt EbgEckodac nUv PaBrNb
nwg bkSkumynisev[tNamEtmg eRJH Rkum rbs bul Bt ylza minRtUv
bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa

a
bdivtkmCa.
Exmizuna qaM 1965 saLt sr, Ekv mas nig GkdwknaMExr kumynis mYy
beNay oev[tNam catEcg bdivtn Exr eLIy . cMeJHRkummYyeT[t Edl
ylza RtUveZIVshkar CamYy bdivtn ev[tNam karkMNtzbeg,ItbkS eJl

KW zebIkmhasni:telIkTI 1 k*kMNt min:nc|asEdr . eyagtamksar
xH z 8 kum; qaM 1951 CazebIk mhasni:t TI 2 n bkSkumynisN
cin buEn Kw enAzenaHEdr EdlbkSkumynisNcin :nRtUvrMsay eday
seRmcplsV&yPaB eTAobkSTaMgbI . rI z EdlebIkmhasni:t TI 1 n

bkSRbCaCnbdivt kmCa mankalbriecTBIr . xH kMNtza z 28 mizuna xHza
z 30 kJa . rI bul Bt kMNtykz 30 kJa qaM 1960 buEn EbrCa

kMNtza CazkMeNIt bkSkumynis eTAvij . tamkarBit z 30 kJa qaM
1960 Caz mhasni:t n bkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa elIkTI 2 KW zEdl

saLt sr ehA bul Bt cUlCa smaCikmCimbkS bueNaH . rI bkSkumy
nis Edl bul Bt :nelIkeLIgtam viTkmCaRbCaZibetyenAz 27 kJa
qaM 1977 enA OkaskarR:rBbuN xYbkMeNItbkSkumynis tamkarBit eTIb

nwg RtUvbeg,It enAEx kJa qaM 1966 bueNaHeT .
bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa Ebk Ca 3 Rkum

318
eRkaykicRBmeRB{g TIRkughSWENv qaM 1954 bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa
tamkarBit TU samut CaemekIy pal rbs saLt sr ehIy GkTaMgBIrenH
saem}n ehIy Edlman yuTCnRbmaN 2 Jn 500 nak :nvilRtLb eTA
bkSRbCaCn bdivtkmCa enAEtmanvtman enAkgRbeTsbnmkeT[t. edayenA
Ebn suvN EdlkalenaH manGayuRbEhl 18
BYkeK KW KanGIVeT[t eRkABI ERbkay RbeTskmCa oeTACaRbeTskumynis
EbkEx\kCabIRkum . RkummYydwknaMeday sWg guk mij,
Ekv munI, mIu pU, rt
ev[tNamvij eRkamkarRtYtBinit rbsKNkmaZikarRtYtBinitGnrCati. elak

17
qaM k*sitenAkgRkum enaH
Edr. RkummYyeT[tdwknaMeday ng sYn, Ekv mas, Ebn yuT
:nbeg,ItKN
bkSneya:y Rsbc|abmYy enAkgRbeTskmCa. eyageTA tamksarmYy

cMnYn
/ enAeBlenaH Ekv mas CaelxaTTYlbnk TIRkugPMeBj. eKaledA n
RkumTI 2 enH KW cUlRbkYtkg kare:HeqatsPa qaM 1955. RkumTI 3 KW Ca
RkumEdldwknaM eday TU samut, es[v ehg, nYn Ca, esa Pwm nig N sarn.
kabTIRkugPMeBj CamYyKa. dUecHeXIjza eRkaykicRBmeRB{g TIRkughSWENv
eBlenaH RbeTskmCa :nTTYlkraC bribUN(eTAehIyenaH skmPaB rbs
dUcRbeTs nana eT[t enANcineLIy. enHCa clna mYyd*ZM rbs clna

kumynis GnrCati Edltamry; hU CImij :nbeg,ItbkSkumynisNcin
taMgBI qaM 1930 mk. hU CI mij EdlenAeBlenaH maneQaHmYyeT[t enA

eBlTamTarkraC za egV{g Gay Kk :nRtUv bdivtn GnrCati cattaMgo
dwknaM bdivtn enANcin . enAkgeKaledAenH hU CImij manParkic vayrMlM
RkumcugeRkayenH man karbiunRbsb xs kgkareZIVskmPaBlYclak . BYk
rbbmUlZnniym enA RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g nig enAkmCa oTalEt:n
samut RBmTaMg KNkmaZikar CnbT cMnYn 17 edIm|IeZIV skmPaB neya:y
Gacdak mUldankgT&B Edl CabsK< n karvatTI rbsBYkeK . eK Gac
eK :ncattaMg KNkmaZikar beNaHGasn mYyenATIRkugPMeBjdwknaMeday TU
enAtamExRt. KNkmaZikartMbnenH sitenAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUv rbs es[v
ehg. buEn ksarxHGHGagza KW TU samuteT Edl TTYlxusRtUvxag CnbT.
17
Ebn suvN ekItenA z 15 emsa qaM 1936 enA c&n Tab RsukRtaMkk
ExRttaEkv . cUlCasmaCik clnasSr;enAqaM 1951 (bkSkumynis N
cin bnabmk bkSRbCaCnbdivt kmCa). elak Ebn suvN mantYnaTI C

elxabkS RbCaCn bdivt kmCa enAqaM 1979 nig CanaykrdmRnI ebb kmCa
RbCamanituenAqaM 1981 . enAExZ qaMdEdl elak :nRtUveKdkhUtecj BI
GMNac ehIyykeTA XMuXaMg enA RbeTsev[tNam .
319
eJl KW RbeTs Edlman shrd Gaemrik CabEgk Edl shrd Gaemrik
niyay:nza eTaHCamanTMnaspkg yagNakI bdivtnTaMgbI enANcin RtUv

EtseRmcnUveKaledAenH rbs bdivtn kumynis sklelak . KW CasRg<am
mYyd*RsYcRsav rvag elakesrI nig elakkumynis enATIlanRbyuTNcin.
enAkgn&yenH Rkum rbs ng sYn k*dUcCaRkumrbs TU samut, es[v ehg man

bEgkmYy d* rwgmaM GacsIusg:n CamYy semc neratm sIhnu.
enA Ex sIha qaM 1953 KW CitmYyqaM munkicRBmeRB[g TIRkughSWENv
saLt sr tamry;GkdwknaM bdivtn ev[tNam makeQaH paM van: :ncUl
mkkg RbeTskmCa . saLt sr :neZIVdMeNIr CamYyExr makeQaH yn
es]neqaH eTATIbJakarrNsirsSr; nRbeTsTaMgbI EdltaMgTI enAkgExRt

kMBgcam edIm|I hathVwkhVWn eZIVsRg<amRB. saLut sr sitenATIenaH Gs
320
ry;eBl 1 qaM . enAz 3 sPa qaM 1954 sWg guk mij edaymankarKaMRT
mYycMnYndUcCa TU samut, es[v ehg CaedIm Edlman ExSry; CamYyGg<kar
BIev[tmij :nTamTar cUlrYmkgsnisiTTIRkughSWENv edaysMGagza sSr;
ev[tmij. buEn saLt srEdlCaGtItsmaCikmak nsmaKmnisSitExrenA
ExrEdlmanT&BRbmaN 3 Jn 5 rynak :nRKbRKg 1 PaK 3 n TwkdI
Rsuk:raMgnaqaM 1950 nwgedIrtYnaTImYyd*sMxanenAcenaHqaM 1962_1979 .
dakmUldanT&B enAkmCa eKBMuKaMRT esckIesIenHeT Kw suxcitrkSaTukRBHmha
_1953 tYGg<RbvtisaRs d*eJreBj eTAeday Gaz(kM:MgenH manTMnakTMng
kmCa
rYceRsceTAehIy.
buEn
xagRbeTscin
enaHvij
EdlxacGaemrik
kSRtExr CaGtMNag EtmYyKt n RbeTskmCa enA kgGg<snisiT TIRkughSW

ENv. eRkaykicRBmeRB[gTIRkughSWENv EdltRmUv oclna sSr; TaMgGs
enAkmCa cUleTArYbrYm CamYy rdaPi:l rbs RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu
Rkum rbs TU samut enAEtbn skmPaBlYclak rbseK enAkgRbeTskmCa
bnmkeT[t . taMgBIieBlenaHmk BYkeKeZIVkar ts)U edIm|I vayrMlM RBHmhakSRt
enAeBlEdl saLt sr sakGaRs&yenARbeTs:raMg enA cenaHqaM 1949

CamYybJvnExrmYyRkum Edlman ninakarceRmInniym nig kumynisEtmg k*
Gacza:n. enAqaM 1949 saLt sr eZIVdMeNIreTARbeTs:raMg tamk:l

mYyeQaH hSamaG)Ik
(La Jamaque) CamYynisSitExrcMnYn 21 nak. enH
ebIeyageTAtam es[vePAmYy rbs elak edvId ecnEdr mancMNgeCIgza
bul Bt bg TI 1
18
. ksarenH :nbJakza ; enAeBleZIVdMeNIrCit

mIu man,
ExrEtmg eRJHeKcatTukza RBHmhakSRtExr CabEgk rbsBYkRbqaMg nwgkumy
mYyEx saLt sr :nBRgwg mitPaBCamYyExr 4 rUb KW ecA esg
eLA b)un Kn . enAeBlenaH es[v ehg :neTABYnenA TIRkughaNUy buEn
ekg vansak (TsSnviTU) nig elak CYn mum (bNitKNitviTa sala Bhu
nis . bul Bt eZIVshkar yagCitsiT CamYy nYn Ca EdlmaneQaHedIm za
saLt sr nig eLA b)un Kn KW nYn Ca eZIVskmPaB rbs eK enAkgRbeTs

bnmkeT[t . skmPaB clna kumynisExr enAeBlenaH manmuxBIr KWKN
bkSRbCaCn EdleZIVskmPaBRsbc|ab cabtaMgBIkare:HeqatsPa qaM 1955

nig RkumbkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa EdleZIVskmPaBedaysmat .
mIu pat nig G)uc Evn . eBlenARsuk:raMg eRkABIRKUbCarZM> dUcCa elak
beckeTs) saLt sr :nCYb narIbJvnExrmakeQaH ex[v buNarI
18
19
clna makSniym qaM 1950 enA RbeTs :raMg
clnaExrkumynis Edl:nkekIteLIg enAkg RbeTskmCa
eRkay
kicRBmeRB{g TIRkughSWENv qaM 1954 manTMnakTMng CitsiT rvag bJvn
ExrmYyRkummanCaGaTi saLt sr, nYn Ca nig Gkts)URbqaMg nwg:raMg
321
19
20
David P. Chandler : Pol Pot, Frre Numro Un , Paris, Plon,1993.

eBlRtLbmk BIRsuk :raMgvij ecA esg :nkay Ca rdmRnI d* man
TiBl mak rbs semc neratm sIhnu rvag qaM 1962 _1969 .
20
enAqaM
saLt sr (bul Bt) er[bGaBah*BiJh* CamYy ex[v buNarI enA
RsukExr enA Exkk,da qaM 1956.
322
1951 . ex[v buNarI :nmkRbeTs:raMg CamYybnRsImak eQaH ex[v ZirwT
bul Bt ecHeRbIJkTnPn ehIyminEdltaMgxnzaCa GkecHdwgGVIeLIy.
RsavRCav rbs RbvtiviTU edvId ecnEdr dEdl KW enARsuk:raMgnaqaM 1951
KYrGVIkayeTACa mnusSeXareXAdUecHesaH enAeBleLIgmkkanGMNac. mag
ex[v buNarI :nRtLbmkRsukExrvij enAqaM 1951 dEdlenaH ehIy Rbkb
kgCIvit GackayxneTACa emdwknaM bdivtnmak d* mankll|icxs nig d*
EdlenAqaM 1951 enaH :ner[bkarCamYy eG[g sarI. eyageTAtam kar

enaHehIy Edl eG[g sarI nig rt saem]n :nbeg,ItRkumneya:ymYy buEn
muxrbrCasaRsacarGkSrsil|Exr enAGnuviTal&ytaEkv. Rkumneya:yenH

EtgEtebIkGg<RbCMuCaer]y> buEnminsitenAkgRkbx&N n bkSkumynis:raMg
(P.C.F.) eT . GkEdl:ncUlrYmRbCMu ebIeyageTAtamelak edvid ecnEdr
dEdl manCaGaT ? es[n Gan, yun es]n, mIu man, CI Kwm Gan . elak
edvid ecnEdr :nbJakeT{tza elak ekg van sak nig elak CYn mum k*
xH
eT[tniyayza saLt sr man crit suPaBrabsa dUcsMBtenAkgpt min

eT[t vaminKYroeC]esaHza saLt sr EdlCamnusS BMusUvBUEk BMusUvqat
sahavGsarEbbenH. sMnYrenH enAmanrhUtmkTlsBVzenH. GIVEdleK Gac
sakl|gyl:n KWRbEhlCa mkBI bul Bt sbexIm BBYk mnusSqat

enHEtmg . ebIBMuenaHesateT KW sankarNEtmg EdltRmUvo bul Bt
RbkanGakb|kiriyaEbbenH eRJHmnusS EdlKanPaBrwgbwug RKanEtCa bkrN
rbssankarNnImYy>EtbueNaH. yagNamij enAkgkrNI nbdivtnkumy
:ncUlrYmRbCMuEdr buEnKW edIm|IrkSaTMnakTMng CamYy yuvCnkumynisExr Et
nisExrenH RkLa rbsva manlkN;sKsaj BneBkRk CaBiess kar
GkCatiniymEdlman ninakarRbCaZibety cMerInniym qVgniym bueNaH.
cenaHqaM 1953_1960 enaH clna kumynisExr k*dUcCa clna kumynis
bueNaH. tamkarBiteTA elak ekg vansak nig elak CYn mum RKanEt Ca
elak ekg vansak CaGkRbqaMg nwgrbbraCaniym yagRsYcRsav CaBiess

RbqaMg nwgsemc neratm sIhnu.
enAkgsm&yts)U qaM 1953_1960 KweBlEdl saLt sr RtLb
mkBIRbeTs:raMgvij clna kumynisExr :nkMNtyk yuTsaRsmYyyag
RbTajRbTgKa kark|tKayagsem|Im enAkgclna kumynis TaMgmUl . enA

nanaeT[tEdr :nkMNtykyuTsaRs RbmUlsm&nmito:neRcInbMput edIm|I
ekaGkEdlmanTiBlxaMg> ehIyEdlGacRbqaMg nwg clna rbs BYkeK .
enAeBlenaH clna kumynisExr catTuk shrd Gaemrik zaCasRtUvTI 1

ehIyedaysemc neratm sIhnu minRtUv nwg shrd Gaemrik BYkeK k*catTuk
samJ buEn k*RbkbeTAedayeRKaHzakEdr KWGUsTajbJvn nigvrCnsMxan>
RBHGg<za Camit Casm&nmit rbs BYkeKEdr enAeBleRkaymkeT[t. Cn
saneXIj TalEtesaHza bursenH nwgkay eTACamnusSmakeT[t Edlman
sMEdgkarKaMRT rbseK edaycMh cMeJH neya:y rbs semc neratm
Bt CamnusSmak mancriyamaryaTstbUt ehIy eqatlgeT[tpg. GkEdl
kgrdaPi:l semc sIhnu eT[tpg .
ocUleTAkg clna rbs BYkeK . GkEdl:ns<al saLt sr BMuEdlnwk

KMnitbdivt dacxatEbbenH eRJHsaLt sr EdleRkaymk maneQaHza bul
Zab:neZIVCasisS rbs saLt sr enA sala cMerInviCa
323
Etgniyayza
kumynisExrxH dUcCa ex[v sMpn, h)U yn, h)U nwm, ecA esg CaedIm :n
sIhnu. bJvneqVgniym mYycMnYn EzmTaMg :nTTYlmuxtMENgsMxan> enA
324
x\M nwgelIkeLIg GMBI karvivtn n clnaExrRkhmenH bneTAeT[t enA
eBlkarGnuvtn kicRBmeRB{g TIRkug:rIs qaM1991.
GkeC]nel]nniym xitxMedIrTakTaj yuvCn bJvn man sisS nisSit
saRsacar CaedIm oeRCIserIsyk maK(akumynis ehIy eZIVkarts)U RbqaMg
nwg semc neratm sIhnu pg ehIy vayEGbRBHGg<pg enAcMeJHmuxsRtUvrYm
KWw bsimRbeTs CaBiessshrd Gaemrik . eKaledAyuTsaRscm|g enA
clna kumynis Exr
eBlenaH KW bMebHRBHGg<ecjBI GksaMGPirkSniymEdl kalenaH CabEgk
BI qaM 1957 dl qaM 1969
d*sMxan rbs RBHGg<. ehtudUecHehIy :nCa enAeBlenaH semc neratm

sIhnu mger eTAxageqVg mger eTAxagsaM. rI lTpl KW Gkts)U TaMgeqVg
Le Mouvement communiste khmer

entre 1957 et 1969
TaMgsaM CaeRcInrUb :nRtUv nKr:l cabykeTA dakKuk smabecaleday
enAcenaHqaM 1954-1960 GkdwknaM clna kumynisExr xitxMRbEm
RbmUl smaCik rbseK enAtam ERs cm,ar nigkgTIRkug buEn kickarenH BMu:n
huconUvlTpll bunaneT eRJHmYycMENk RbeTskmCa :nTTYlkraC
bribUN( rbs xneTAehIy . mYycMENkeT[t RBHmhakSRtExrRBH:T neratm
sIhnu Edl:ndakraCsm|tienAqaM 1955 edIm|IeZIVkarts)U neya:ypal
RBHGg<Etmg k*mankitanuPaB d*RtEdtpgeT[t. KwenAeBlenaHehIyEdl em

kumynisExr es[v ehg mankarGssgwmyagxaMg ehIycgQb eZIVkarts)U
bneTAeT[t. mageT[t es[v ehg EdlCa GkRsLajCivit cgrsenA eday

sb|ay dUceKg yleXIjza RbeTskmCa nwgman GnaKtl CamYysemc
neratm sIhnu
dUecH eKmincaM:ceZIVkarts)U GIVeT[teT . buEn bJvnExr eqVg
niymmYyRkum BMuyldUecHeLIy . eKylza RbCaksikr rsenAeday lM:k

lMbin
eRkamkarKabsg,t
rbs
BYkQjbreTs
EdlbeRmIEt
RbeyaCn
rbsBYkmUlZnniym. KWenAkgn&yenHehIy EdleKsuxcit beNayxn edIr
tamclna kumynis Etmg . BYkskmCn n clnaenH EdleKoeQaH za
325
smat . buEn enATIbMput edayGksaMniym CaBiessRbeTsev[tNam xag

t|g nig shrd Gaemrik :nrr[bcMeZIVrdRbhar Tmaksemc neratm sIhnu
GkeqVgniym k*:nTTYl karrabGan BI semc neratm sIhnu rhUtmkTl
sBVzenH edayqgkat PaBrkaMrkUs CamYy rbbExrRkhmGs mYyry;eBl

ZMpgEdr. cabtaMgBIqaM 1959 mkkaEst eqVgniym TaMgGs dUcCa kaEst
ecjpSay Ca Pasa:raMg LbEsrvaT&r
(Lobservateur) rbs elak ex[v
sMpn kaEst LaeDEbs Duy kaMbUds
(La dpche du Cambodge)
Edlelak ecA esg :ndeNImykkardwknaM BI elak sIum va RBmTaMg
kaEstecjpSay CaPasaExr dUcCa kaEst kPaB rbs Bwg sy kaEst
mitPaB kaEst RbCaCn dwknaM eday elak CU cit CaedIm minRtwmEtKaMRT ExS
bnat neya:y RbqaMg nwg shrd Gaemrik rbs semc neratm sIhnu
bueNaHeT KWEzmTaMgKaMRT neya:yepSg>eT[t rbs RBHGg<pgeT[t. semc
neratm sIhnu sBVRBHraCh#T&yyagxaMg nwgGkneya:yeqVgniymExr TaMg
enaH Caehtu eZIVoRBHGg< catTuk GkTaMgenaH zaCa GkeshaCati yagsem|Im

GsareT[tpg .
326
enAeBlEdl CnkumynisExr manTItaMgyuTsaRs yagl cabtaMg BI
qaM 1959 enaHmk GkRbkansaM k*xitxMeZIVkarts)U rbseK yagskmEdr buEn

CakartRbeyaCn . minEtbueNaHesat
GkTaMgenH :nRtUvrdGMNac eZIV:b
ehIyykeTAsmabecalpgeT[t. enAqaM 1958 elak saMg savat caghVag

kaEst ExrzI
:nRtUveKlYcsmab enA KirIrm . enAz 1 mkra qaM 1959
bnabBI:nbeg,It kaEstmYy eQaH raRsaZibtI elak sm sarI RtUvrtecal
karERbkay BI bkSBlkr
eTA bkS kumynis kmCa
Du Parti des Travailleurs ou

Parti communiste du Kampucha
Rsuk. enAqaM 1966 elak Duk rasIu Edl:nbeg,ItkaEst CaPasa:raMgmYy

eQaH PMeBj eRbs
(Phnom Penh Presse ) k* :nRtUveK briharekriEdr. tam
karBiteTA eTaHbIsemc neratm sIhnu manlMeG[g eTAxageqVg k*eday k*RBH
Gg<RTgyl yagc|aspgEdrza GkTaMgenaH enAEtrkSa eKaledAmYy Cacm|g

dEdl KW deNImGMNac BIRBHGg< dUcGkRbkansaMEdr. ehtudUecHehIy :n
CaenAeBl EdlOkashuco RBHGg<
minjejIt
nwg vayRbhar GkeqVg
niymRKak> dUcCa elak ex[v sMpn eT. mageT[t ex[v sMpn enAeBlenaH
man RbCaRbiyPaB RKanebIEdr enAkgcMeNambJvn eqVgniym. enAqaM 1960
semc neratm sIhnu :nCMrujoman :tukmmYy RbqaMg nwg kaEsteqVg
niymTaMgGs enAkgRbeTskmCa KWTamTar obiTkaEst TaMgGsenaHEtmg
ehIy cab GkdwknaM ykeTA XMuXaMg pgeT[t. ex[vsMpn GkdwknaMkaEst
enAqaM 1960 KWenA z 28-29 kJ bkS RbCaCn bdivtkmCa ebIk
mhasni:tTI 2 rbseK enAkgTUurTHePIgmYykgsannIyrzePIg TIRkugPMeBj.

cMeJH kalbriecT n mhasni:t TI 1 KW :nRbRBwtieTA enAz 28 mizunaqaM
1951. KW z 28 mizuna qaM 1951 enHehIy EdlbkSRbCaCnkmCa Edl
eLIgkanGMNac elIkdMbUgbgs enAqaM 1979 :nkMNtykCa zkMeNItbkS

rbseK
21
. cMeJH bJaenH ksarxH EbrCa sresryk z 19 kum;qaM
1951 eTAvijKW 11 zeRkayGg<sni:tTI 2 nbkSkumynisNcin
(P.C.I.)
EdlenAeBlenaH :nERbeQaHmkCa bkSBlkrev[tNam vij. KW enAeBl

enaHEdr EdlbkSkumynis nRbeTsnImYy> enANcin man sV&yPaB rbs
eKer[g>xn . eTaHCayagNak*eday cMeJH bul Bt saLt sr mha
LbEsrvaT&r k*:nRtUv ykeTA XMuXaMgEdr (z 15 sIha qaM 1960) bnab
BI :nRtUvmnusSmins<almux sRmat exaGav enAkNalzl (z 13 kk,daqaM

1960) .
21
enAz 28 mizuna qaM 2002 bkS RbCaCn kmCa :nR:rBxYbkMeNIt TI
50 rbseK .
327
328
sni:t ExkJa qaM 1960 enaH KWCaz kMeNIt bkSkumynisExr Etmg
22
1960 dEdl
23
enaH bul Bt :nRtUvEtgtaMg CasmaCikmCim bkSRbCaCn
eK Gacsnuidan:nza enAqaM 1966 enaH bul Bt Edlman tYnaTICaelxabkS
bdivtkmCa EdlenAeBlGg<RbCMuenaH kMBugERbeQaH mkCa bkSBlkrkmCa
BlkrkmCa
:ncabepImer[bcMbNacbkS rbs Exr BIbkS rbs ev[tNam
vij. buEn bul Bt :nkMNt ykzenaH eZIVCaz kMeNIt bkSkumyniskmCa
kar CamYybkS kumynis ev[tNam Edl:nERbeQaHmkCa bkSBlkrev[t
elxabkSrg rI Ekv mas nig esa Pwm CasmaCikZmta. enH ebIeyageTA
qaM 1960 enaH sWg guk mij sitenATIRkughaNUy ehIy TU samut
cugeRkayenH kalBImun CasmaCikbkSkumynis Ncin
bnabBImankarRbTajRbTgKa mYyd*ZMrvagninakarBIr KWmYy bneZIVshRbtibti
Nam ehIy ninakarmYyeT[t EdlpacxnecjBI bkSBlkrev[tNam. enA

:nRtUv
EtgtaMg CaelxabkS rI saLt sr CaGkCMnYykar rbs TU samut . enA

eBlebIk Gg<RbCMusmat enAkgTUreTHePIg enAPMeBj enAz 28-29 ExkJa qaM
Etmg . KYrktsMKal bEnmza kalenaH nYn Ca EdleK ehAza bg TI 2 Ca
tamkarRsavRCav rbsRbvtiviTU edvID cinEdr Edl:nbJakbEnmza GkTaMgBIr
(P.C.I.) . buEn
edvId cinEdr k*:nbJakpgEdrza smaCikKNmCimbkS enAeBlenaH manCa

GaT ? sWg guk mij, TU samut, saLt sr, nYn Ca ehIymanEt eG[g sarI
makbueNaH EdlCa smaCikmCimbkS EdlminEdlZabeZIVCa smaCik bkS
kumynisNcin. RtgcMNucenH edvId cinEdr sresrbnmkeT[tza? kal

enaH saLt sr, eG[g sarI nig nYn Ca
/ mak> BMuman GayuelIs BI 30
qaMeT . BYkeK mansnHpvcityagxaMg eday:nTTYlkarxusRtUv kRmitxs

22
tamkarBit bul Bt :nbeg,It bkSkumyniskmCa
( P.C.K.) enA Ex
EbbenH .
kJa qaM 1966 KW enAeBl EdlKNRbtiPU CnkmynisExr RtLbmkBI ha
NUy ebkaMg Bgyag mk kariyal&yelx 100 rbseK enA kMBugcamvij.

kalenaH bkSBlkrkmCa eRkamkardwknaMpal rbs bul Bt
:nseRmc
breQaH bkSBlkrkmCa mkCa bkSkumyniskmCa vij ehIye:Hbg

kariyal&y elx 100 edIm|I eTAtaMgTI enArtnKIrI .
23
enAz 30 kJa qaM 1977 tamry; viT PMeBj eK:n bul Bt Rbkas
z 27-28 kJa qaM 1960 Caz kMeNIt nbkSkumyniskmCa. KWCa kar
cakpSaysnrkza Edl bul Bt :neZIV enA OkaskarR:rBxYbnbkS kumy

nis kmCa enAz 27 Ja qaM 1977 enaH .
329
330
eyageTAtamksarRsavRCav rbs edevId cinEdr dEdl KWes[v ePA
EdlmancMNgeCIg za bul Bt bg TI 1
( Pol Pot Frre Numro Un )
karEtgtaMg sWg guk mij CasmaCikmCimbkSenAqaM
1960 enaH KW RKanEt
CanimitrUbbueNaH KWmann&yza TIRkughaNUyBMuGacRtYtBinitskm PaB nbkS

zIenH:n dUcBIeBlmuneT . ksar dEdlenH bJakeT[tza TU samut :txn
enAExkk,da qaM 1962. smaCikeT[t> n bkSRbCaCn bdivtkmCa naMKacat
TukCaTUeTAza TU samut :nRtUvnKr:l rbs semc neratm sIhnu smab
kavayrMlM vb|Zm( Exreday rbb ExrRkhm
Lobolition des valeurs culturelles khmres

par le rgime des Khmers rouges
enAbNaqaM 1960-1962 bul Bt manfan; CamnusSxaMg TI 3 enA kg
bkSBlkrkmCa 24. enAeBlenaH saLt sr bg,bxnnAPMeBj edayeZIV Ca
saRsacarPasa:raMg
enA
viTal&ykCn
cMerInviCa.
enAeBlnaH
nig
ecal. buEnRtgenH cinEdrecaTsYrbnmkeT{tza ebIdUecHEmn ehtudUcemc :n
eRkayeBlEdl man tYnaTI Ca elxabkSeTAehIyenaH saLt sr :nebIk
cabpgeTA/ edvId cinEdr ktsMKalbEnmza er]gTaMgenHKan GVIc|aslaseT
Exr. saLt sr ez,aleTas rbbsg<mraRsniym rbssemcneratm sIhnu
CasmaCikmCimbkSeT[t> BMu:nRtUvnKr:l rbs semc neratm sIhnu
sikasalaCahUrEh edIm|IvayRbhar GMeBIGyutiZm( GMeBIBukrlYy enAkgsg<m
eTaHbItaMgBIqaM 1979 mk xagev[tNameNaH eK:nGHGagza TU samut :n
edaytsMc. enHCakargayRsYlbMput cMeJH saLt sr eRJH namWunExr
RtUveKsmab edayman karcUldeCIg BI bul Bt kI . cMeJHkarsnidanenH

RbvtiviTU ebn EKrNan
(Ben Kiernan) k*ylRsbza dUecHEdr enHebIeyag
eTAtam elak edvId cinEdr dEdl. cinEdr eZIVkarsnidanza bul Bt GaceZIV
Gnuvt c|abTmab RbeTs minEmn RtwmEt edIm|IkarJr sNabZab sg<m

24
enAqaM 1960 enAkg Okasmhasni:t TI 2 n bkSRcCaCn bdivt kmCa
dUecH:n TalEteBlenaH bul Bt man GMNacZM Nas ehIyebI bul Bt
naz 28-30 kJa enAkgTUreTHePIgmYy nsanIyrzePIg TIRkugPMeBj saLt
Nam k*minRtUveT[t eRJHzaTalEtqaM 1967 eTIb bul Bt :n e:Hbg ev[t
TU samut :txn edayGaz(kM:Mg enAz 20 kk,da qaM 1962 saLt sr
smab TU samut ecal eRJHEt TU samut manyuTsaRs lMeG[g eTAxagev[t
sr Ca GkdwknaM CYrTI 3 KWeRkay TU samut nig nYn Ca. buEn eRkayrBlEdl
Namecal TaMgRsug . eTaHCayagenH k*eday k* enAkgry;eBl qaM 1967
(bul Bt) :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa elxabkS CMnYs TU samut edayKan kare:Heqat
:nEdr eRJH bdivtn kumynis TaMgcin TaMgev[tNam RtUvrYmkmaMgKasin
eBlenaH smaCikkariyal&y neya:y manCaGaT ? nYn Ca, eG[g sarI,
eTAqaM 1970 saLt sr ehA bul Bt enAEte:Hbgev[tNam ecal minTan

edIm|IvayCMhr rbsGaemrik enANcin. buEn GIVEdleKBMuGacRbEkk :n Kwza
enAz 20-21 kum;qaM 1963 enAOkasmhani:t bkSBlkrkmCa . enA
esa Pwm, vn evt .
bnabBI TU samut :txneTA bul Bt :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa elxabkSsITI CMnYs

TU samut Etmg rI nYn Ca sitenA Ca elxabkSrg dEdl .
331
332
BRgwgCMhr rdGMNac bueNaHeT EtKW edIm|I bMeBj plRbeyaCnpalxn nig
GarZm(TaMgBIrenH KW reb[b :raMg nig reb[bExr EtgEtniyayza ? yljati
sm&y eRkay> mkeT[tEdr emRKYsarExr mak> manParkic ciJwm minRtwmEt
edayeRBaHEt rcnasm&nsg<mExr manbdivaTkmEbbenH vaCa kargayRsYl
RkumRKYsar bkSBYk rbs eKCaBiesspgEdr . enAsm&yenaH k* dUcCaenA
Xatc|ab .
RKYsar rbs xnbueNaHeT KW RtUvciJwmbgbnsacjati EdlmkBIRsukERs rk
bMputcMeJH saLt sr edIm|IvayRbhar GMeBIrBukrlYy. GkEdl:nnaMKa
manfan;muxmatCanamWun eKRtUvTTYlrabrg btm ciJwm GkTaMgenaHeT[tpg.
mCdan BuTsasna eJlKW mYyEpk GkEdl:ner[nc|ab nig vb|Zm( :raMg
kareZIVenATIRkugeT[tpg bnabBI:nlkdIERs sgbMNuleK. ebI emRKYsarNa
KW sPaBkarN sg<mEbbenHehIy EdlCa ktaCMrujGkTaMgenaH oZakeday

gay eTAkgGMeBIBukrlYy. BYknamWun TaMgenH :nbeg,It bNaj bkSBYk yag
sKsaj CaehtueZVIobHJl yagZnZr dlKuNPaB smtPaBkargar nig
KuNUbkarepSg> EdlCaKuNZm( nigCa srsrRTUg n sg<mExr . mYycMENk
cUlrYm kgsikasala rbs saLt sr eRcInEtmkBI mCdan nisSit nig
ehIymYyEpkeT[t GkEdlZab:nyldwgzaRBHsmNeKatm :npaccMNg
RKYsaredIm|Iksag nigseRmc semaZiJaN . GkTaMgenHsuTEtCaGkEdlGk

RsLaj tmKtixgxs nig PaBbrisuTsatsM ehIy mincUlcitGakb|kiriya
RkGWtRkTm rbs BYkGkGeRnIsExreLIy. eKEtgEtniyayza saLt sr Ca
RtUvsRmbeTA tamc|ab:raMg EdlEpkeTAelIsTi rbs buK<l nig karGbrMmYy
mnusSeqat buEnkgkrNI sikasalaenH eKhakbIdUcCaeXIjza KWCa yuT
eJlKW reb[brbbrbsExe. sMercsMrYceTA emRKYsarnImYy> KanCMerIsGIVeT[t
maneQaHza bul Bt :nkayeTACa elxabkS rI nYn Ca enA EtCa elxarg
d* twgEtg ehIymYycMENkeT[t RtUvrkSa karrabGan jatimitCitqayo:nl
eRkABI beRmI RkumRKYsar rbs xn Camun sineT eJl KW ec[svag kMuoeKnina
ez,aleTasza CamnusSt:nkarkgRKYsar Ca mnusStecHKitbgbn. KYro

GkuslCagenHeTAeT[t KW plvi:kminl EdleRcInEtnaMeTArkkarrMelaP sIl
Zm( nigc|abCaZrman BIsMNakbgbnEdleKcBMuput BIGnak n CivitkgTIRkug.
saRsmYy d* biunRbsb. ehtudUecHehIy :nCa saLt sr EdleRkaymk

dEdl ehIy esa Pwm vij k*deNImyk tYnaTI d*sMxanenH min:neT[t.
ebIKan saLt sr CaGkdwknaM eTenaH bkSkumynisExr k* RbEhl CaKan
karvivtn dUcEdleyIg:neXIj enAeBleRkaymkeT[teLIy . enH Ca cMNuc
mYy d*sMxan EdlbJakza BYkkumynisExr enAeBlenaH :neq{tyk Okas
bgbnjatisNanTaMgenaH kalebImanbEgkehIy EtgEteRbIbEgkenaH eday
d*lenHyagbiunRbsb. RkummYyeT[t KW RkumbJvn eqVgniymExr mkBIRbeTs
EbkBI sIlZm( bsimRbeTs EdlcatTukza karEpkvasna eTAelIRKYsar Ca
elak h)U yn elak ex[v sMpn CaedIm . eBlmkRsukExr BYkeKk* ebIk
tGasUr KWykeQaH mRnITaMgenaHeTAeRbIkgpvxus edaytekatERkg . xus

KuNvibtimYyd*ZM sg<mExrpltmCaBiess eTAelIGkEdl ecHrabGanbgbn
eTaHbIbgbnTaMgenaH Rbmazc|abnKryagNak*eday. ehtudUecHehIy :nCa
enAsm&yenaH RBmTaMgsm&yeRkay> mkeT[tEdr GkEdlyl GMBITMnasrvag

333
:raMg dUc saLt sr enHEdr EtCa GkEdlKitBI menaKmviCa Cabzm tYyag
sikasala rbs eKEdr ehIy epatGarmN CaBiess eTAelI karksag

sg<mExr tamEbbbT makSniym. enAeBlenaH GkEdler[nc|ab:raMg dUcCa
nisSit bJvn CaedIm eKsbexIm reb[bRKbRKg rbs semc neratm sIhnu
334
Nas ehIyEtgEtR:zacg:n GkRKbRKgRbeTs EdlsatsM mantmKti
dEdlenaH saLt sr :nvilRtLbmkkgRB nRbeTskmCavij. enAeBl
Exr KWGkRbCaZibety nigGkGPirkSsaMniym. GkGPirkSniym eRcInEtRbkan
Cabnan . KW CaGg<RbCMumYy Edlman lkN;RbvtisaRs eRJH KW enAkgGg<
mannisS&y eTArk rbbmUlZnniym rI GkRbCaZibety eRcInCaGkCYyyk
bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa mkCa bkSkumyniskmCa ehIy br esnaZikar
RtwmRtUv. eKGacniyay:nza enAsm&yenaH ninakarsMxanman 2 enAkgsg<m

Gakb|kiriya skiPUmi karJr TMen[mTmabExr RbkanvN;kgkarpSMKURskr nig
GasarGkTnexSay. vb|Zm( mkBIbreTs CaBiess mkBI RbeTs:raMg :n

TTYleCaKC&ymYy d*ZMenAkgcMeNamGkecHdwgPaKeRcIn eRJH mantmKtil>
Edl TakTaj citBYkeK Cag sNabZabsg<mmYy EdleZIV:b GkRk GkTn
exSay. edayenAeBlenaH RbeTskmCa kMBuge:HCMhan eqaHeTArk PaBsm&y
mkdlkariyal&y elx 100 rbs eK enARkUcqar bul Bt ebIk Gg<RbCMumYy

RbCMuna Ex kJa qaM 1966 enaHehIy Edl bul Bt :nseRmc breQaH BI
dan rbseK BIkariyal&y elx 100 enARkUcqar mk rtnKIrI vij eRJHGaemik

TmakRKabEbk kanEtxaMgeTA> enAtam CayEdn . tamkarBit bul Bt :n
kMNtyuTsaRsmYyzIeT[t bnabBI:nCYbGkdwknaMcin enAebkaMg. eTaHCayag
enHkI KanksarNamYyEdlbJak o:nc|as za bul Bt :nseRmcyk
TMenIb nig TsSn;CIvitzI>eT[t pgenaH CaBiesskareC]nel]npvKMnit BYkGk
bdivtnvb|Zm( cin mkeZIVCa maKa(enaHeT eTaHbI enAeBleLIgmkkanGMNac
GPirkS k*:tbg
TiBlnicmg> CalMdab .
enAqaM 1975 CaBiess enAeBlEdl bul Bt BRgwgGMNac rbs xn:n
karERbeQaH BIbkS RbCaCn bdivt kmCa
GkRsavRCavRbvtisaRsxH ktsMKalza bul Bt minEdl:nbkERb nige:H
mkCa bkS kumynis kmCa enAqaM 1966
1966 : du Parti du peuple Rvolutionnaire

du Kampucha au Parti communiste du
Kampucha
enAqaM 1977 eKseg,t eXIjman TidPaBsMxan> n bdivtnvb|Zm( enHkI .
BumpSay kUn es[vePARkhm rbs emA es Tug TalEtesaH . er]genH
GacbNal mkBImUlehtuGVIepSgeT[t k*buEn vaCakarmYyd* KYrocabGarmN
Edr. bnabBI brkEng BIkMBugcam mk rtnKIrI vij saLt sr cabepImdk

smaCiksMxan> ecjGs BICnbT ehIy bJn GkTaMgenaH eTAtamtMbn
CnCatiPaKticvij. GkviPaKRbvtisaRsExrxH ktsMKalza enAeBlEdl bkS
enAedImqaM 1966 saLt sr :ndwknaMKNRbtiPUmYy eZIVdMeNIr tam
kumynisNeNsIu RtUvrlMrlayeTA bnabBIelak sU)karNU RtUvTmakecj
bdivtnvb|Zm( kMBugEtRKbdNbeTAelI RbeTscinyageBjTMhwg. elak
semc neratm sIhnu k* nwgRtUvGkRbkansaM vayrMlM CaBMuxan ehIy dUcenH
pvlM hU CIimij eTAhaNUy ehIy bnabmk eTA TIRkugebkaMg . enAeBlenaH
BIGMNac saLt sr cab epImmankarRbugRby&txs edayehtuza zNamYy
emA es Tug GK<mK<eTsk* d*eqIm n RbeTscin kumynis :noeK e:HBum
bkSkumynisExr k* nwg :tbEgkyuTsaRsmYy d*sMxanEdr . :nCaenA
pSaykUn es[vePARkhm cMnYn 2 lan k|alEzmeT[t . enA Ex kJaqaM
eBlenaH saLt sr eG[g sarI nig GkdwknaMkumynisepSg>eT[t naMKamk
335
336
taMgTIenA rtnKIrI eRJH RbCaCnenATIenaH rYmbJl TaMgRbCaCn mNlKIrI nig

RkecH pgEdr sbexIm rdaPi:lExr yagxaMg edayBYkraCkar :nkabRBeQI
eZIVzl eZIVcm,arekAs)U edaytekatERkgGIVTaMgGs .
enAz 2 emsa qaM 1967 mankarbHe:r RbCaksikrmYy yagZM enA
smt kugExRt:tdMbg. RbCaksikr :nnaMKaegIbeLIgbHe:rRbqaMg nwg rda
Pi:l eRJHrdaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl :nbJnRkumGnraKmnBiess>
karkekIteLIg n kgRbdabGavuZ ExrRkhm

enA cugqaM 1967
LArme khmre rouge

karbHe:r RbCaksikr enAsmt :nQanmkdl TIbJb enA ExkJa
CaeRcIneTAoTijRsUv edayotmezakeBk KW ezakCagzEdlev[tNam o
qaM1967 buEn karvaykMcat bNajBYkExrRkhm eday bUlIs rbs semc
eTAvij. RBHGg<:necaT elak h)U yn h)U nwm ex[v sMpn za Ca GkEdl:n
sr eKcxnBI kariyal&yelx 100 enARkUcqar ehIyeZIVdMeNIreqaHeTA PUmiPaK
raRs h)U yn nig ex[v sMpn KanCeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABInaMKa rtcUlRBeLIy.
mUldanmYyEdleKoeQaHza kariyal&y elx 102 . enAeBlenaH saLt
:tEdr . enAeBlenaHg enATIRkugPMeBj nig enAtamextnana nisSit nig
cinEdr eRkayenaHbnic Qwm saemak :neZIV dMeNIrmkTIenaHEdr. kariyal&y
k* naMKartcUlRB :tGs. taMgBIeBlenaHmk clna kumynisExr kanEt rIk
sUm|IEteBTmakk*KanEdr. edaykarxMRbwgERbg rbs Qwm saemak saLt
nl :neZIVkare:ssMGat tMbnsmt edaytRtaRbNI . karRbyuT rvag
mYyeT[t EdlsitenA rtnKIrI dEdl KW mUldanEdl maneQaHza kariyal&y
eTAeT[t . buEn semc neratm sIhnu EbrCaTmakeTas eTAelI Exrkumynis
sIhnu
bMpusbMpul oman karbHe:renH . enA z 22 emsa qaM 1967
xageCIg. saLt sr edIrqgRBRBwkSaGsry;eBl 15 z ehIy :nmkdl
GktMNag
kanEtmanlkN;xaMgkaEzmeT[t.
KWenAeBlenaHehIyEdl
saLt
enAz 7 tulaqaMdEdl GktMNagraRs h)U nwm k*rt eTAlakxnenA PMRkvaj
sr cabepImRKuncajyagxaMg. eyageTAtamkarRsavRCav rbs RbvtiviTU edvId
saRsacar CaeRcIn :nRtUvrdGMNac cabxn yagexacpSa ehIy mYycMnYnZM
elx 102 mansPaBsatRCgM hakbIdUcCa kEngmYy EdlKanmnusSrsenA.
ZatZM BImYyz eTAmYyz. Gsry;eBlCaeRcInEx kgT&B tmesnIy ln
sr k*:nCasHes|Iy. bnabmk saLt sr k* eZIVdMeNIr eqaHeTAmUldan
kgT&B nig RbCaksikr man lkN; xaMgka sem|Im Gsar CaBiessenARtg
elx 104 EdlCaTItaMg rbs sun esn, Ekv mas nig eG[g sarI . emExr
PMvaycab EdlCa sMbukmYyyagZM rbs BYkGkEdlRtUvbUlIs rbs semc
RkhmZM> mYycMnYnEdlTTYlxusRtUv EpkbUJ( dUcCa sux x\l, esa Pwm, N
enAsmt CabraC&ymYy d*ZM n neya:y rbs RBHGg< . munRBwtikarNenH
edvId cinEdr dEdl bkSkumynis kmCa kMBugqgkat dMNakkarmYy Rbkb
na qaM 1967 enaHmk clna kumynis kabRbCaksikr :n mYycMENkZM .
sIhnu edjcabBYkExrRkhm yagmmajWk. rI clnaExrRkhm enAqaM 1967
neratm sIhnu edjcab. cMeJHsemc neratm sIhnu karbHe:r RbCaksikr
sarn CaedIm k* sitenATIenaHEdr. enAeBlenaH ebIeyageTAtam ksar rbs
RBHGg<RtUveKcatTukza Cabita n ksikrExr buEn cabtaMgBI kubkm enA smt
edayeRKaHzak eRJHTaMgenAkgtMbnsmt TaMgenAtamTIRkug bUlIs rbssemc
337
338
enaH Kan meZa:y eyaZa sRmabTbTl nwg kmaMgT&B nig bUlIs rbs
RBwtikarNz 17 emsa qaM 1975 eRJHza bnabBI ExrRkhmvayykTIRkug
semc sIhnu TalEtesaH . luHmkdlcugqaM 1967 eTIb clna ExrRkhm
PMeBj :nehIy clna ExrRkhm TaMgmUl enAEtRtUvEbgEck CatMbn Ca
seRmcbeg,It kgRbdabGavuZrbsxn edIm|IRbyuTts)UpvGavuZ Tnwm nwgkarts)U
PUumiPaK sV&yt reb[benH dEdl CaehtueZIV o bul Bt RtUvRBQmmux nwg
1977 enAeBlEdl bul Bt deNImykGMNac:nTaMgRsug bul Bt EbrCa
mYyPaKZM. buEn karts)U pkgenH ecHEt manCabnbnab tRsakRsan. enH
Epk neya:y . eTaHCaman karlM:klMbin yagNakI k*eRkaymk KW enAqaM

bkRsayza enAsm&yenaH bUlIs rbs semc neratm sIhnu cabepImman
karjejItjejIm rhUtdlzakcge:Hbgecal karKabsg,teTAelIExrRkhm
Etmg. tamkarBit enAeBlenaH semc neratm sIhnu kanEt beg,In karvay

Rbhar yagxaMgka EzmeT[t . buEnGIVEdleKBMuGacRbEkk :neTAvijenaH KW za
BYkemExrRkhm :neKcput BI karcabxn yagbiunRbsb ehIyenH edaysar
EtBYkeK :nbeg,It kmaMg eyaZa sRmabkarJrxn :nTaneBlEdr . KWtaMgBI
eBlenaHmkehIy Edlbdivtn ExrRkhm manCMen]yagmutmaMza kmaMgkgT&B

Ca karZanamYy yagZM
sRmabkarJr clna rbs BYkeK .
cMeJHkarbeg,It kgRbdabGavuZExrRkhmenAcugqaM 1967enaH edvId cinEdr
:nsresrza enAeBlenaH bkSkumyniskmCa man tYnaTImYyyagsMxan enA
kgclna kumynisTaMgmUl KW RtUvCYyKaMRT sRg<am RB ev[tNam EdlkMBug

RbyuTts)U yageBjTMhwg tTl nwg karvayRbhar d* sem|ImGsar rbs
kgT&BGaemrik. eTaHCayagenHkI k* tamkarBit bul Bt kabkgT&BExrRkhm
min:nTaMgGsEdr BIeRJHenAkgtMbnepSg> rbs ExrRkhm kgBlnImYy>
suTEtmanemekIy rbseKpal. bul Bt KanCeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABIkarRtUvpl
sV&yPaBeTAotMbn PUmiPaK TaMgenaHsineT . sanPaBenH manrhUtdl qaM
1977 KW 2 qaM eRkayeBlvaydac ykTIRkugPMeBj:n eTIb bul Bt yk

GMNac eyaZa:n swgEtTaMgRsug . enHCacMNucmYy d*sMxansRmabylGMBI
339
karRbyuT pkgmYy d*ZMeZg nig yagRKaMRKa pgeT[t TRmaM nwgkab:n kgT&B

Ca ktamYy EdleZIVo clna ExrRkhm eRbHqa :kEbkKa enAeBleRkaymk
eT[t. x\MnwgelIkeLIgGMBIbJaenHenAkg CMBUkeRkay>mkeT[t . muneTAdlenaH
x\MsUmbJakbEnmza rvag qaM 1967-1968 enaH kgT&B ExrRkhm mankar

lM:kyagxaMg kgkarRbEmRbmUlsJVvuZ. karRbyuTtTlnwgkgT&BrdaPi:l
cabepImmun dMbUgbgsenAkgExRt:tdMbg enAcugExmkraqaM 1968 KW enAeBl

EdlkgkmaMg kumynis ev[tNam cabepIm eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelIEpkxag
t|gRbeTsev[tNam enAeBlbuNcUlqaMcin .
shRbtibtikar eyaZa rvag
kgT&B ev[tNam nig kgT&B
ExrRkhm enAqaM 1967-1968
Coopration militaire entre

larme vietnamienne et
larme khmre rouge en 1967-1968
enAedImqaM 1968 karbHTg<ic EpkeyaZa rvag kgRbdabGavuZExrRkhm
nig kgT&BkgsV&yRtaN rbs semc sIhnu ecHEtekItmaneLIgCaer]y> .
340
enAcugExmkra KW mun karvayRbhar rbsev[tNamkumynis eTAelIEpkxag
t|gnRbeTsev[tNam enAeBlcUlqaMcin karbHTg<icrebHre:H rvag kgT&B

ExrRkhm
nig kgT&BtmesnIy ln
nl
ecHEtekItmanCahUrEhenAkg
elI kgT&BExrRkhm edIm|I oeZIVshRbtibtikarrYmKa . rImuxRBYj KW beg,In

karvayRbhar eTAelI kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl .
enAExmkra qaM 1968 saLt sr eZIVdMeNIreTATIRkughaNUy ehIy
ExRt:tdMbg . karRbyuTKa enAz 17 mkra enA :ytRmaM :nRtUvExr
enAcugqaM 1969 :nCYb GkdwknaMev[tNamkumynis enATIenaH mgeT[t. enH
enAeBlenaH semc neratm sIhnu
:k nigkarvivaT rvagTIRkug ebkaMg nig TIRkug mUs< naqaM 1959 saLt sr
Rkhm kMNtykeZIVCazsRmabR:rBxYbkMeNIt n kgRbdabGavuZ rbseK.

:nelIkTwkcitotmesnIy ln nl
eZIVkarvayRbharyagxaMg eTAelI BYkExrRkhm CaehtueZIVo saLt sr man

CMen]xaMgEzmeT[tza semc neratm sIhnu :nseRmceZIVshRbti btikarCa
mYyGaemrik. mageT[t enAExmkraqaM 1968 enaH elak ecsEsr e:veLs
(Chester Bowles) kGK<rdTUt Gaemrik RbcaMRbeTsNa :nmkCYbRbmux
Caer]gmYyd*cEmk edayehtuza kalBIedImqaM 1966 KW 6 qaM eRkaykarEbk

:neTACYb GkdwknaMcin enATIRkugebkaMg ehIyenAeBlenaH :nRtUvcin elIkTwk
cit obMEbkxnecj BITI RkughaNUy EdlCa sm&nmit rbs shPaB

sUev[t.
enaHmk
TMnas rvagcinRbCamanitu nigshPaB sUev[t cabtaMgBI qaM 1959
CaTMnasmYyZMNas
KW mankarExVgKMnitKa
TaMgEpkneya:yeRkA
rdExr enATIRkugPMeBj edIm|IesIsMuo semc sIhnu GnuJatokgT&B ev[t
RbeTs TaMgEpkmenaKmviCa. TMnas rvag bgbn kumynis TaMg 2 enH k* Ca
viTU edvId cinEdr GHGagza semc neratm sIhnu enAeBlenaH :nGnuvt
1968-1969 enaH kgT&BbdivtExrkumynis k*RtUvkar CMnYyeyaZa BIkgT&B
Namxagt|g edjtamkMeTckgT&Bev[tmij nig ev[tkugenAelITwkdIExr. Rbvti
yuTvIZImYy KWcgomankarKaMRTxH BIGaemrik edIm|IvaykMeTcclna ExrRkhm.
TMnasmYyd*ZM enAkgclna kumynisExrpgEdr. eKGacniyay:nza enAqaM

kumynisev[tNamEdr edIm|ITbTl nwg kgT&B rbs tmesnIy ln nl
rITIRkug vasIugetan k*mankarRBYy:rm yagxaMgNasEdr edayxac TIRkug
KaMRT edayshrd Gaemrik. rI kgT&B kumynis ev[tNam enAkgRbeTs
oRbCaCn ev[tNamTaMgmUl egIbeLIg bHe:r RbqaMg nwg Gaemrik eRJHza
clna kumynisExr TIRkughaNUy :nsuxcit TTYls<al s&VyPaBrbs
haNUy eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelIEpkxagt|g enAOkas cUlqaMcin edIm|ICMruj
kmCa k* RtYvkarkarKaMRT BIExrRkhmEdrenAeBlenaH. edIm|I:nkarKaMRT BI
enAkgkrNIenH shrd Gaemrik nwgRtUvbgMcit crcasniPaBCaBMuxan. tamkar
bdivtnExr eTaHbITIRkughaNUydwgyagc|asza saLt sr
RtUv Gaemrik nig TIRkugsayh,n vaykatpac Cakg> r:t r:yGs eTaHbI
RbyuTtTl nwg sRtUvrYmsin rIkarExVgKMnitKa RtUvTukmYyGenIsin . buEn
Bit EpnkarenHrbs TIRkughaNUy BMu:nseRmceT eRJH kgT&Bev[tkug :n
eK:nTTYleCaKC&y xag sRg<amEpkcitsaRskI . KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl

kgT&Bkumynis ev[tNamEdlbg,bxnenAkmCa eZIVkarKabsg,tyagxaMg eTA
341
:nseRmcedIr
tammaK(aemAniym rbs TIRkugebkaMg eTAehIykI. eTaHcg mincgkI eKRtUv
enAeBleRkaymkeT[t bul Bt mankarBi:kyagxaMg kgkare:ssMGat

TiBl rbs ev[tNam ecjBI bkSkumynis emAniym rbseK.
342
nig rdaPi:l rbs semc neratm sIhnu

enAqaM 1968-1969
nwg semc neratm sIhnu edayRtg> . semc neratm sIhnu :ncuHRbCa

RbiyPaByagxaMg enAeBlenaH edaysarE ter]genH . mYyvijeT[t eRJHEt
sRg<am kgRsukenH esdkic RbeTskmCa TaMgmUl :nZakcuHdundab Ca Gti
Lutte entre les Khmers rouges et le

Gouvernement de Sihanouk en 1968-1969
karRbyuTts)U rbs clnaExrRkhmenAqaM 1968-1969 mankarlM:k
lMbin yagxaMg cMeJH BYkExrRkhm ? NamYyxVH meZa:yeyaZa RKbEbb

kgT&BRBev[tNamenAkgRbeTskmCa
eZIVkarKabsg,tyag
xaMg edIm|IoExrRkhm CYykarJr ExSdwknaMes|{g NamYy kgT&B rbstm
esnIy ln nl eZIVkarvayRbhar edaytsMc. KW taMgBIqaM 1968 enaH
mkehIy EdlExrRkhmRTaMRT shRbtibtikar CamYyTIRkug haNUy swgEt

min:n. enAqaM 1977 KW enAeBlEdl ExrRkhm kankab RbeTskmCaTaMg
mUl bul Bt :n sarPaBza enAeBlenaH karts)U rbs bdivtn kmCa :n
RbRBwtieTA eday:tdTeT. ksarCaeRcIn :nbJakza enAGMLgqaM 1968
enaH semc neratm sIhnu sitenA kgsanPaBmYyd*Bi:k eRJH RBHGg<Kan
CeRmIsGIVeT[t eRkABICMrujordaPi:l ln nl vaykMeTc clna kmynis
eT. buEn TIRkugPMeBj EbrCaTTYlplvi:k pyBIesckIR:zaeTAvij eday

ehtuza karRbyuT kMeTcExrRkhm
eT[t. eq{tykOkasenaH ExrRkhm :nbeg,In kareXasna rbseK RbqaMg
karRbyuT rvag ExrRkhm
yagNamYy
:nkay eTACakarKabsg,t eTAelI RbCa
CnExreTAvij. GkRsuk GkPUmiCaeRcIn Edl:nRtUv kgT&B rbs tmesnIy
ln nl ratt|at yageXareXA RBpS :nnaMKaeTA RCkekan CamYy clna

bdivt rbsExrRkhmEtmg Caehtu eZIVoBYkExrRkhm kanEtman kmaMgEzm
343
brma. R:kcMNUlRKbRbePT rbs rdaPi:l :ncuHzy eRJH TarBn k*min

:n plitkmekAs)U k*RtUvraMgsH RsUvGg,r k*mancMnYn tictYcscesIg eRb{b
eZ[beTAnwg cMnYnRbCaCn Edl:nekIneLIgyageRcIn enAqaM 1968 KW :nekIn
BI 5 lan 2 Esn nak enAqaM 1960
mk 6 lan 6 Esnnak.
enAqaM 1968 enaH semc neratm sIhnu :nRtUvBYkExrRkhm cat
TukzaCasRtUvTI 1 rbs BYkeK dUc tmesnIy ln nl dUecHEdr eday

ehtuza bnabBI eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelI RbCaksikr enAsmt nig eTAelI
nisSiteqVgniym semc neratm sIhnu :ngakereTArkGaemrikvij. RbeTs

kmCaenAqaM 1968 enaH :nqgkat vibtiesdkic nig sg<mmYy d*ZM KW san
PaBmYy d*Bi:k EdlRbeTsCati minZabEdl:ns<al taMgBI CMnan:raMg

mk. edayR:ker[lcuHz ehIyedayrMBwg eTAelIR:kExrbseK min :nbn
eTAeT[t mRnIraCkar k*ZakeTAkg GMeBIBukrlYymYy d*KanekaHeRtIy.
yuvCnvij eK k*rkkargareZIV edayBi:k .
cMENk
enA rdUvekA qaM 1969 semc
neratm sIhnu :nseRmc dakTMnakTMngTUt CamYy Gaemrikvij . GkeqVg

niym k*QbplkarKaMRT rbseK . mYyvijeT[t esckIsgwm rbs semc
neratm sIhnu
za kargakereTArk GaemrikvijenH Gacnwg CYyRbeTsCatio
qgputBIGnray k*:trlteTAvijbnicmg> eRJHGaemrikKanEpnkarneya:y

GIVTaMgGs
sRmabCYyExr. elakRbZanaZibtI nicsun
enAeBlenaH
kMBug
Etrkkl dkkgT&BGaemrik ecjBI RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g. KW enAeBlenaH

344
ehIyEdl semc neratm sIhnu yl yagc|as za shrd Gaemrik Kan
KaMRTeday shrd Gaemrik :nRtUvkgT&B ev[tNamkumynis vay:kEbk
kmCa enAeBlenaH k* dUcCaeBleRkay> mkeT[tEdr karkMNt ma(Ka( neya
eBlEdlkarcrca rvag TIRkughaNUy nig TIRkugvasIugetan enATIRkug:rIs
Gs KW hakbIdUc Ca eKminsUvplsarsMxan eTAosPaBkarN neya:y
man lkN;RKbRKanlmKYr edIm|I ykC&yCMnH eTAelI kgT&B saZarNrd
GnaKt
enANcin.
buEn
RbkarEdlKYroktsMKal
KWza
cMeJHRbeTs
:y suTEtman lkN;py nwg sankarN neya:y GnrCati swgEtTaMg

GnrCatiEtmg. enAqaM 1969 semc neratm sIhnu :nereTA rkGaemrik enA
eBlEdlGaemrik eRt[mlkN;e:HbgsRg<am enAev[tNamecal.
enAqaM
1970 tmesnIy ln nl nig GkGg<massirimt; k*CYbnwgbdivaTkm rvag

bribT GnrCati nig karvivtn n sankarN kgRbeTsEdr . ZnZrCagenH
eTAeT[t KW karEbk:kpkg kardeNImGMNacKa enAeBlmYyEdlRbeTs
Cati sitenAkgkarKMramkMEhg. eKGacniyayza Gkneya:yxHEbgEck min
:nc|as rvag sartIeshaCati nig kal;eTs; n kardeNImGMNacKa .
bdivtn rbs ExrRkhm
xatxayGs . Rbtibtikarswk ecnLa2 :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug . enA

:nQanCasnSwm>eqaHeTArk
karbJbsRg<amenANcin
kgT&BExrRkhm
Exr. kickarsMxan> rbs ExrRkhmenAeBlenaH KW vayRbmUlyk sJVvuZ

BIkgT&BtmesnIy ln nl o:neRcInbMput CaBiess QaneTAkab tMbn
esdkic EdlCaRbPBes|{g . eTaHCayagenHk*eday k* bul Bt xitxMBRgwg

citsaRs rbs yuTCnExrRkhm omanCMen]CamUldan eTAelIeKalCMhr nig
TwkcitRbyuT brpac EzmeT[t BIeRJH xag saZarNrdExr eKman sJVvuZ
yueTabkrN yagsnwksnab dUcCa k:lcm|aMg ynehaH kaMePIgZMCaedIm.

ebIniyaymYyEbbeT[t sRg<amEdlExrRkhmeZIV edIm|IvayRbhar saZarNrd
Exr CasRg<am citsaRs eRcInCag karRbyuTtTl EpkeyaZasuTsaZ eday

ehtuza enAxagsaZarNrdExr kgT&B :kTwkciteRcIn eRJHEt GMeBIBukrlYy
La rvolution des Khmers rouges

cabtaMgBIcugqaM 1971 mk KW mYyqaM eRkaykarTmak semc neratm
sIhnu bdivtn ExrRkhm :nQanmkdl PaBmaskar KW QbrNb nwg

kgT&Bev[tNambneTAeT[t. enAeBlEdlkgT&B ev[tNamkumynis cMnYn 4
mWunnak RbyuTyagsVitsVaj nwg kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl saLt sr
EdlmaneQaHbdivt za bul Bt :neq{tOkas bgathVwkhVWn kgT&B rbs
xntQbQr . enA ExZqaM 1971 enaH kgT&B tmesnIy ln nl
345
rbs tmesnIymYycMnYnZM nig karZakcuH n esdkic . TnwmnwgkarbMJk

sartIRbyuTd*GgGac
bul Bt sg,tZn eTAelI maKa(neya:y nig beck
eTs sRg<amcitsaRs. enAqaM 1972 emExrRkhm bul Bt :nebIkGg<RbCMu
CaeRcInedIm|Iniyay GMBImaKa(neya:y rbs bdivtn. bul Bt ktsMKalCa

GaTza ; LvenH eyIgmanTwkcitRbyuTd*GgGack*BitEmn buEnTwkcit minRKb
RKaneT KW eyIgRtUvman maKa( neya:y o:nRtwmRtUv ehIyman viZIsaRs
o:nsmRsbEzmeT[t. ebIKanmaKa(dwknaMeTenaH bdivtn nwg kay eTACa

mnusSxVakEdledIr BIkEngmYy eTAkEngmYyeT[tEtbueNaH .
346
enAqaM 1971 bul Bt :nbeg,It TMbn rd:l Biess CaeRcIn enA
kmkr enAkgbdivtn. GkdwknaMbdivtn RtUvecjmkBI vN; TaMgenH . bul
mUldanTI 15 eTA TI 25. bul Bt :n RbKlkarRKbRKgtMbn TaMgenaH eTA
RtUvEpkeTAelIGIV Edl bul Bt ehAza ksikrRk . bul Bt k*elIkeLIg
evt . buEneRkaymk enAeBlEdlkab GMNac:n TaMgmUlehIy bul Bt
GMBI TsSnviTUGalWmg kalmakS EdlCaGkbeg,ItRTwsI
Epk nirtI n TIRkugPMeBj KW ebIKitBI Epkxagt|g eTAEpkbsim eK:nksag

omit CitsiTmak rbseK eQaH sux ZYk Edl maneQaH mYyeT[tza vn
RtUvRbQmmux nwg karbHe:r kgCYrbdivtn . sux ZYk :nRtUv bul Bt
Bt yleXIjza edIm|I vayrMlM BYk skiPUmi nig BYk mUlZnniym eK
pgEdr GMBI tmPaB n lTikumynis buEn BMuEdl elIkeLIg mgNaeLIy

vN;GZn ehIy
k* minEdlniyayBI emdwknaMbdivtn sg<mniym rusSI elnIn TalEtesaH.
ykeTAeZIVTaruNkm enAKukTYlEsg . enAeBlenaH bul BtkMBugeZIVkare:s
enAkgKMnit rbs bul Bt GkTaMgenH suTEtCa CnbreTs. dUcenH GaceZIVo
bnab BI:ner[bcM tMbnBiessmYycMnYn enAqaM 1971 bul Bt cabepIm
(Staline) CaGkbdivt Bit Cag elnIn . buEnedaydwgza cinsb rusSI bul
sMGatpkg edIm|IkMcatTiBlrbsev[tNam enAkgpbkSkumynis kmCa.
bHJl dl emaTnPaB CatiExr . mYyvijeT[t bul Bt ylza salIn
eZIVkarbMJkbMbn maKa(neya:y rbs bdivtn enAkgcMeNam RbCaCnEtmg
Bt suxcit yktRmabtamcinEtmg. ehtudUecHehIy:nCa bul Bt elIk
eRJH bul Bt ylyagc|asza ebIKanRbCaCnKaMRTeTenaH clnaExrRkhm
tem,IgRTwsI mhalatepaH mhaGsar
RKanEtCa T&BecarRBEtbueNaH . RbkarKYroktsMKal KWza bul Bt sg,t
(le grand bond en avant ) rbs
emA es Tug CagmasedIm nRTwsI bdivtnGZn
(Rvolution prolta-
ZnCageKeTAelI ktamenaKmviCa nig ktaneya:y eRJHza ebIRbCaCnKan
rienne). cMeJHGkdwknaMbdivtnExr EdlKanGkNa makesaH ecjmkBIvN;
enaHmk bul Bt :nbeg,It vK<sikSa neya:y CaeRcIn edIm|IBRgwgsartI
riyabz dUcksikrRkCacaM:c. GkEdlmanedImkMeNIt epSgBIenH RtUv k|t
CMen]eTAelI bdivtn eTenaH bdivtn k*KanCMhrEdr . cabtaMgBIqaM 1972
bdivtn dl yuvCn . enAeBlenaH ExrRkhm :nGUsTajnisSit saRsa
ksikrRk bulBt :ndakkMhit oltdM xn eZIVyagNa omanTsSn; nig

vN; edIm rbseKCadacxat .
ebIGkNa h)an RbmazdlsiTiGMNac rbs
car visVkr nig sisSsalaCaeRcInomkcUlrYm kgvK<sikSa neya:yTaMg
ksikrRk eKRtUvTTYleTasCaTmn rhUtdl :tbgCivitpg k*man. enAeBl
enaH Edler[bcM enAtam tMbnrMedaH . bnab BI:ner[nsURt GkTaMgenaH
vayrMlM
ExrRkhm eTAoRbCaCnExr EdlkMBugrsenA yag lM:klMbin enATIRkug
ev[tNam EdlsitenAelITwkdIExr dEdl eRJHbul Bt mincgTbTl nwgkg
k*RtLbeTAPMeBjvijTaMgGs eday JMnaM maKa( menaKmviCa nig neya:y
PMeBj .
cabtaMgBIqaM 1971 mk ksarTaMgLay rbs bkSkumyniskmCa
bJakyagc|as GMBI tUnaTI d*sMxan rbs ksikr Rk ksikr mZm nig

347
rbbsaZarNrdExr
eTaHCa
bkSkumynisExr
manGg<karcattaMg
rbsxneTAehIykI k*eKenAEtEpk mYycMENkZM eTAelI kmaMg kgT&Bkumynis

T&BtmesnIy ln nl eday paleT KW cgeq{teRbIkmaMg kgT&Bev[tNam
sin .
348
TTYlyk esckIesIQb:jKa eTenaH Gaemrik nwg minbJbkarTmakRKab
karQb:jKa rvag
kgT&B kumynis ev[tNam

nig kgT&B shrd Gaemrik
enAqaM 1973
EbkEdr. cMeJHTIRkughaNUy eKRtUvrkSakgT&B rbseK sRmabvayykTIRkug

sayh,n. dUcenH vaCakarlNas Edl Gaemrik QbTmakRKabEbk. enA
ExmkraqaM 1973 TIRkughaNUy suxcitTTYlyk lkxN rbs Gaemrik.
eyageTAtamesckI nlkxNenaH TIRkughaNUy k* RtUvdkkgT&B rbseK

ecjBI kmCa pgEdr buEn rkSaTuk kgT&BmYycMnYn enA tamRBMEdn. KWenAeBl
Le cessez-le-feu entre les troupes

communistes vietnamiennes et
les troupes amricaines en 1973
enAedImTsvtS 70 karcrcarvag TIRkughaNUy nig TIRkugvasIugetan
enATIRkug:rIs Edl:ncabepImBIqaM 1968 mkecHEtbneTAeT[t edIm|IrkRck

bJbsRg<amenANcin. TIRkugvasIugetan xitxMeZIVyagNa edIm|IQano:n
dlkarQb:jKa yagqabrh&s KW munkare:HeqatRbZanaZibtI enA shrd
Gaemrik . enAeBlenaH shrd Gaemrik :nRtUv BiPBelak TaMgmUl RBmTaMg

RbCaCn Gaemrik ez,aleTas yagxaMg eRJHEt Gaemrik cUlQanJnRbeTs
ev[tNam. enAeBlenaHg shrd Gaemrik :ndkkgT&B CabeNIr> ecjBI
Ncin ehIy TukEtkgT&B mYycMnYn EdlRtUvdkecj eRkaykarQb:jKa
bueNaH. enAeBlEdl shrd Gaemrik cabepIm dkkgT&B xagRbeTsev[t

Nam enaHvij eKmanlTPaB RKbRKansRmab vaysRmukyk TIRkugsay
h,n eRJH Gaemrik minGacbJnkgT&B RtLbmkvij :neLIy . buEneTaHCa
yagenH k*eday k* shrd Gaemrik Gacbn karTmak RKabEbk rbs eK bn
enaHehIy EdlbkSkumynis ev[tNam QbKaMRTskmPaBrbs ExrRkhm.

ev[tNamk* :nesIpgEdr oExrRkhm eKarB karQb:jKa buEn ExrRkhm
BMuRBmdacxat edayehtuza BYkeK k*manlTPaB vayyk TIRkugPMeBjEdr .

eTaHCayagenH k*eday edIm|I sRmYlkarvay ykTIRkugPMeBj ExrRkhm k*
RbkassniPaB CamYy rbb rbs tmes nIy ln nl. xag tmesnIy

ln nl eK k*eC}kll|icenH rbs ExrRkhmeTAeT[t. ehtuEtcgbeJj
nUv kmaMg kgT&B rbseK ExrRkhm k* vayyk TIRkugPMeBjedayRtg>Etmg
ehIyBMuRBm RbKlParkic neya:y eTAzVaysemc neratm sIhnu EdlCa
RbZanrNsir n clna rYbrYmCati kmCaeT. mageT{t bul Bt catTukza
kicRBmeRB{g rvag TIRkughaNUy nig TIRkugvasIugetan zaCaGMeBIk|tpgeT[t.

buEnBYkExrRkhm eKt:nKitTalEtesaHza eKKanmnusSRKbRKaneTsRmab
er[bcM
rdGMNaczI
ehIy
k* KankarKaMRT
GnrCatiEdr
ebIKan
semc neratm sIhnu CaGkbRgYbbRgYm. bul Bt ePcKitTaMgRsug GMBI

suPasit neya:ymYyEdlBnlza karykGMNac CakargayRsYl buEn
KWkarrkSaGMNaco:nyUr eT EdlCakarBi:k enaH .
eTA eT[t:nEdr . TIRkugvasIugetan KMramza RbsinNaCa TIiRkughaNUy min
349
BIsMNak
350
karvayluk CabI dMNakkar rbs ExrRkhm

mun karvayyk TIRkugPMeBj
( 1973, 1974, 1975 )

Les 3 assauts successifs des Khmers rouges
avant la prise de Phnom Penh
enAcug Exkum; qaM 1973 semc neratm sIhnu nig RBHCaya Gkmag
mUnic :nyag mkkg tMbnrMedaH
25
kankabedayBYkExrRkhm . RBHraC
dMeNIr enH:nRtUver[bcMeLIgedayTIRkugebkaMg nig TIRkughaNUy ehIyEdl

man eG[gsarI CaGkGmdMeNIr . cMeJHTIRkugebkaMg KWCakarplsnHmYyzI
eTAoBYkExrRkhm edaybJakza semc neratm sIhnu CaGkdwknaM RbeTs

kmCayUrGEgVgeTAzmux. buEn cMeJHTIRkughaNUy KWCakarbJakR:bza eK
BMuylRsb nwgneya:y rbs ExrRkhm Edlman eKalbMNg katpac
semc neratm sIhnu ecj BIclnats)U rbs BYkeK . enH ebIeyag eTA
tamkarsnidan rbsRbvtiviTU edvId cinEdr. eBlyagmkdl RBMEdn RbeTs
lav semc neratm sIhnu nig Gkmag mUnic :nTTYlbdisNarkic BI
sMNak ex[v sMpn, h)U yn nig h)U nwm. BIrzeRkaymk enATIbJakar
25
PUmiPaKxageCIg rbs ExrRkhm GtItRbmuxrdExr nig RBHCaya :nCYbsnna
CamYy ex[v buNarI Priya rbs bul Bt, sun esn nig kuy ZYn. bul Bt
k*:nmkcUlrYm kgCMnYb CaRbvtisaRs enaHEdr buEn bul Bt BMu:nbeJj
odwgza eKCaemdwknaM clnaExrRkhmeT ehIy EzmTaMg:ner[bcMqakkMEbg

mYypgeT[t edayedIrtY Ca ExrRkhm mak EdlKan tYnaTI sMxan GIVTaMgGs
enAkg clna ExrRkhm. KanemdwknaMExrRkhmNamak Edl:n RtUvGnujat
o cUlCYbsnna edaypal CamYy semc neratm sIhnu nig RBHCaya eT
KW manEt ex[v sMpn mak bueNaH Edlh)anTUul RBHGg< edayRtg>za ev[t

Nam :ne:Hbgsm&nmit kumynis rbseKecal. bnab BITsSnkic 3
s:h rbs semc neratm sIhnu enA tMbnrMedaH EpkxageCIg nRbeTs

kmCa enAedImqaM 1973 enaH bul Bt :ner[bcM karvay RbhareTAelIkgT&B
tmesnIy ln nl enAkgRTgRTaymYyd*ZM buEn CabIdMNakkar. rIeKal

edA KWvayyk TIRkugPMeBjEtmg. karvayluk dMNakkarTI1 Edl:nRbRBwt
eTAenAqaM 1973 eRkambJakarrbs bul Bt pal :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug
eRJH ynehaH Gaemrik :nTmakRKabEbk katpac karruleTAmux n kgT&B
ExRkhm EdlenAeBlenaH mancMnYn 6 mWunnak. karvayluk TI 2 bRmugvay

yk TIRkugkMBugcam k* TTYl braC&ydUcKa GIiucwgEdr.
enAEx mizuna qaM 1974 bul Bt :nebIk Gg<RbCMu KNmCimbkSmYy
edIm|IelIkeLIgnUv Epnkarvayyk TIRkugPMeBj o:n enAqaM 1975. enH Ca
dMNakkarTI 3 EdleKcatTukza CadMNakkarpacRB&Rt . Bul Bt :nEzg

JkEdl ExrRkhmeRbI sRmabsMKal tMbn EdlBYkeK :nkatpac ecj
BIkarRKbRKg rbs saZarNrdExr .
351
enAOkasenaHza ? eyIgh)anvayykTIRkugPMeBj BIeRJH eyIg:nviPaKc|as
rYcehIy GMBI sanPaB rbs rdaPi:l ln nl . bul Bt :nKUsbJak
za ; TI1 rdaPi:l ln nl kMBugEtdkcg,aman - TI 2 Gaemrik :ndk kg

352
T&Becj GsehIy . enAeBlenaH bul Bt k* :n beJj odwgpgEdrza ;

karvayluk ykTIRkugPMeBjenH minEmnCakargayRsYl k*BitEmn buEn KW
kalRbvtiseg
segb
cMNucenHEtmg EdlsMxan eRJHza KanyuTviTUNamak Gackatsan:neTza

eyIgGaceZIVdUecHenaH eRJHeyIgxVHsmar;eyaZa RKabrMesv RKbEbbyag .
enAcugqaM 1974 CU cit elxabkSPUumiPaK nIrtI :nCYb bul Bt enA kMBugcam
edIm|Ier[bcM karvayluk EdleRt[meZIV enArdUvekA qaM 1975. yuTsaRs rbs
bul Bt enAeBlenaH KWkatpacTIRkugPMeBjoenAeka KW katpac KmnaKmn
RKbEbbyagTaMgGs. kgT&BExrRkhm :nkMeTc navacm|aMg rbs tmes

nIy ln nl EdleZIVdMeNIr tamTenemkug GsCaeRcIneRK}g. enAeBlEdl
karvayluk kMBugRbRBwteTA KN;mCim er[bcM karRKbRKgTIRkugPMeBj Ca

beNIr>
ebItamkarGHGag rbs edvId cinEdr KW enAeBlenaHehIy Edl
ExrRkhm :nseRmc Cem{sRbCaCn oecjGs BITIRkugPMeBj ehIy lub

bM:t rUbiyvt nig kardUredaH Epkesdkic kgeBlCamYyKaenaH .
1238 ; ecAhVayExRtExr enAsuexaT&y :nRtUvCnCatiz pa em]g nig :g
kaMg
ezA
(RsI_RnTitavr&n eLIgRKgraC BIqaM 1238 dl qaM 1270)
edjecjBIsuexaT&y. Rnvr&nTI 2
(buRt rbs C&yvr&n TI 7) dkT&Becj
BIcm|aehIydakkSRtcam C&ybremsVrvr&nTI 2 oeLIgRKg raCnKrcm|a.
1250 ; suexaT&y pacecjBI cRkPBExr
1283 ; kgT&B mugeh<al rbs XUb)IL xan cullukluy raCaNa cRkExr
tamRBMEdnxagekIt . C&yvr&n TI 8 seRmcbJnsYysarGakr eTA oGZiraC

mugeh<al edIm|Iec[svagkarRbyuT.
1290 ; RbCaCn mn rMedaHxnecjBIraCaNacRkExr.
(teTAPaK 2)
1295 ; suexaT&y rMedaHecjBIPaBrNb nwg cRkPBExr.

1350 ; GayuZa rMedaHecjBIcRkPBExr.
1352_1357 ; es[mcUllukluyGg<r (kgraCescRsI_lMBgS raCa,
1347_1353) . Gg<rsitenAeRkamkarkankab Cabnbnab rbs kUnbI nak n

esc ramaZibtI TI 1 RBHecA RkugGayuZa KW ecA :sat
(1353_1354)
ecA :Gat (1354_1355) nig ecA kMbgBIsI (1355 _357) . enAqaM 1357
RsIsurieyavgS (1357_1366) vayykGg<r :nvij.
353
354
1393 ; es[mvayluk CaelIkTI 2. enAqaM 1394 brmraCa TI 1 (ecA Bja

yat) :ncatomhat (Gg<rkS) 17 nakeTAsmab BjaERBk (eRkameQaH za
nraCa) KW kUnesces[mEdl:nRtUuv ramasYn catomkRKbRKgGg<r.
1431 ; es[mvayyk Gg<r kUrat cantab)un .

1444 ; es[mcUllukluy Gg<r.
1732 ; RbeTsev[tNamRcwbykdIExr EdlsBVz KW mI zU nig vijLg.

1775 ; RbeTsev[tNam katykTwkdIExr EdlsBVz eQaH Rta vij .
1806 ; Gg< cn
( T&yraCa ) :nRtUvesces[mGPiesk CaescExr.
GZiraCyYn ya Lg bJnRbtiPU can sIu ega ykRtamas ragbYnRCug esI

RBmTaMgGkbeRmI 500 nak mkzVay Gg< cn .
1808 ; Gg< cn bJn RBHEkvdYg nig kjacRkIEkb naMsYysarGakr eTA
1473 ; es[mcUllukluyExreT[t.
1512
1512 ; Xunhgkn :nvayykGMNacBIescRsIsuKnbT(1504_1512).
1525 ; Bjacn ( brmraCaTI 2 ehA cnraCa) :nsmabesckn.

1583 ; es[mcUllukluyRsukExr.
zVayesces[m ehIy sMuoesces[m GnuJat oRBHGg<mas Gg< eBA Gg<
Emn nig Gkmag bu:vtI RtLbmkRsukExrvij . enAcugqaM 1808 enaH Gg<

cn :nbJn ecAh)Va nYn eTAcab eteCaem]g ecAhVayExRt kMBgsVay buEn
eteCaem]geP[sxneTARsukes[mTan. eRkayenaH bnicenAExZ Gg< cn yageTA

TIRkug:gkk ehIysitenAkgraCZanIes[m Gsry;eBl 6 Ex.
1587 ; sRg<am rvagExr nig es[m.
1588 ; enAqaM1588 enAkgraCescC&yeCdaTI1 buRtrbsRBHsuta (brmraCa
TI 4, 1576_1594) EdlmanGayu 11 qaM
(buEn Edlkickar RbeTssit enA
kgd RBHstadEdl) es[m :nvaylukmgeT[t eTaHbI kalCMnanraCRBHsta
1811 ;Gg< cn bJn kjavgSaGK<raC oeTAcab eteCaem]g mgeT[t buEn
eteCaem]geKc:tsaCazIeT[t.
1812 ;es[mbJnT&B mkdakenATwkdIExr . Gg< c&neTABwgGZiraCyYn ya
escExrGg<enH :nbJnkgT&BExrcMnYn 2 mWun nak eTACYyes[menAeBlEdl
LugoCYy. es[mbJnT&BmkEzmeT[tRBmTaMgyk Gg< sn mk dakRbcaMkar
1594 ; es[mvayyk bnaylEgVk:n bnabBI :nvayluk 4 dg (1432,
1813 ; enAedImqaM Gg< cn yageTARsukyYn. z 10 emsa ; GZi raCyYn
1594 rhUtdlJkkNalstvtSrTI 19 es[mcUlmkkgRsukExr 7 dgeT[t
Exr.
TIRkugGayuZac|aMgtTl nwg PUma rhUt dl :nC&yCMnH k*eday.
1473, 1583, 1587) eRkay karlukluy Gg<r qaM 1352 nig 1393 . BI
bUkrYmTaMgkarvivaTepSg>eT[t
(1622, 1714_ 1717, 1769_1773, 1779,
1795, 1811_1812, 1831 _1834) .
355
enA dug<pg.
ya Lg bJao tmesnIy ta Kun dwkkgT&B tamTen naM Gg< cn mkRsuk
1814 ;es[mbJnkgT&B mkdakenA kgExRtExr EdlsitenAxageCIg kMBg
sVay
( RBs swg:v mRB nig Ten reBA) .

356
1815 ; z 14 Z ; ya Lg ecjbJa oekNExr 4 Jnnak eTAosg

bnaymYy d*ZM enA
matRCUk
(cUv Dwk) . enAqaM 1815-1816
GZiraCyYn
ya Lg :ndakbJa oekNExr cMnYn 4 Jnnak eTACIk ERBk vij et .
1817 ; RsukExr RtUvrgeRKaH edayTwkCMnn bnabBI man PaBrIgsthYt
Ehg. eTaHbI mankarxVHxat RsUv Gg,r yagNakI RbCaCn RtUvbgBneRcIn
dEdl. karminsb|aycit ekItmankgnKr. Gacar Ek dwknaM karbHe:r edj

yYnecjBIRsuk.
1824
1824 ; RBHGg<mas Gg< sn suKt enATIRkug:gkk.
1831_1932 ; GZiraCyYn mIg mag RbKlsiTio tmesnIy ta Kun

catEcgkargar TaMgGsenARsukExr. ta Kun RbKlGMNacmYy cMENkonamuWn
eyaZayYn makeQaH egV{g van Zuy (ksarxHeT[t za eQaH : hav) er[b

cMoRsukExr kayeTACa ExRtmYy rbs yYn . : hav oeKkabRBeQI enA
hanC&y ehIy smab GkTTYlxusRtUvExr enATIenaH.
1834 ; z 13 emsa ; kgT&ByYnnaM Gg< cn RBmTaMgRKYsareTAKg enA

raCvaMg enA ekaHsaEkt.
1835 ; Gg< cn cUlCIvg<t . GZiraCyYn dak Gg< mIu oeLIgesayraC
eRJH Gg< cn KankUnRbus edIm|IsgraC. eRkABIenaH RBHGg<man RBHGnuC Ca
kSRtRbus 3 Gg<eT[t KW Gg< sn (suKtenAqaM 1824) Gg< m nig Gg< dYg

EdlenAxages[mTaMgGs . rI Gg< Pwm CaRBHGnuCRbus mYyGg<eT[t k*suKt
:ttaMgBIqaM 1800 mkeNaH (Gg< Pwm CabuRt rbs Gg< eGg CamYyGkmag
Ex. Gg< sn man mataCamYy Gg< cn KW GkmagG)ut. cMENkmata rbsGg<
357
dYg nig Gg< m KW Gkmag rat) . mankSRtIbYnGg<EdlenAkgkNabdyYn
(Gg< Ebn Gg< eBA Gg< mIu nig Gg<sn). GZiraCyYn cgoGg< Ebn er[bkar
CamYykSRtyYn eRT]g Kun buEn eday Gg< Ebn BMuRBm k*dak Gg< mIu Edl
kalenaH manGayu 20 qaMoRKgraCvij. GMNacTaMgGs sitenAkg kNab
dTIRkug ev. eRT]g mij yag EdlCaGkcatkar RKbRKgRsukExr :nnaM

RbCaCn sIuvilyYn omktaMgTI bEnmeT[tenARsukExr.
1836 ; karbHe:r dwknaMeday ng enA kMBgsVay . eRT]g mijyag bJn
T&BmkTbTl.
1837 ; namWunExr BIrnak KW CU nig C&y EdlkabExRt kMBgesam min
RBmsabbg<abyYn . eRT]g mij yag tamcab embHe:r TaMgBIrenH buEn CU
nig C&yrteTARsukes[m tamk:l:teTA . enAqaMenaHEdr eRT]g mij yag

eRbI :yklmYy edIm|IbMEbkbM:k kSRtExrBIrGg< EdlenAxag es[m KW Gg<
m nig Gg< dYg. Gg< m enARsukes[m ehIy Gg< dYg enA sIusupun.
eRT]g
mij yag bJn narsar oyksMbuRtmYy eTAzVay Gg< m R:bza TIRkugev

maneKalbMNg elIk Gg< m oeLIg esayraCenARsukExr CMnYs Gg< mIu .
mkdl sIusupun narsar rbs eRT]g mij yag niyayR:b Gg< dYg dUc
EdleK:nR:b Gg< m dUecHEdr. Gg< dYg ylza Cakll|ic rbs yYn
buEn Gg< m eC] za yYn maneKalbMNgl dUecHEmn. eRkaymk Gg< m
mkRsukExr EtRtUv eRT]g Kun cabbJn eTAdakKuk enARsukyYn rhUt dl

kS&yCIvit
(1843).
1840 ; ExkBaa ;yYncabRBHGg<maskSRtIExrTaMg 4 Gg< KW Gg< Ebn Gg< mIu
Gg< eBA nig Gg< sn bJneTAdakKuk enARsukyYn . rI mUlehtu KW bNal
358
mk BI Gg< Ebn :nsresrsMbuRt eTAR:bGkmageTB Camay enA:gkk GMBI
karEdl yYneZVI:b yagxaMg. GkmageTBsMuo Gg< Ekv ma eTACYyrMedaH Gg<

Ebn buEn edayEbkkardwgdlyYn> k* cabkSRtTaMg 4 Gg< eTAdakKukenARsuk
yYnEtmg. RbeTsev[tNam RcwbykdIExr sukRtag.
1847 : raCaPieskRBH:T Gg< dYg enAcMeJHmuxGktMNagTIRkug ev nigGk
tMNagTIRkug:gkk. karRbKl TwkdI mRB TenreBA nig TwkdI mYycMnYneT{t

Edlz:nkatykeTA mkoExrvij.
1847
1847 :(1 sIha) :raMg TmakRKabEbk eTAelI TYran. enA RbeTskmCa Cn
Cati camenAextt|gXM egIbeLIgbHe:r.
1859 : CnCaticamEdl:neTARCkekan enA cUv Dwk naMKabg,T&BRbdab GavuZ

ehIyeLIgmkTIRkugPMeBj edIm|IrMedaHCnCaticamdUcKa EdlRtUveK dakXMuXaMg .
1859 : kgT&BExr EdleZIVRbtibtikarenA cUv Dwk :nbJbRbtibtikar rbseK
eRJHRBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T Gg< duYg cUlCIvg<t. kja Ekb naMkgT&B RtLb

mkRsukExrvij. vb|Zm( : kja snr muk niBn
er]geTv&n nig el|Ikcck .
1861 : (Ex mina) tmnavI :raMg sakEnr (Charner) EdlkanbJakar enA

sayh,n
(Sagon) :nbJn elak DUda dW LaeRK eTATIRkug dug< edIm|I cg
emRtIPaB CamYy escExr kgeKaledA pacRbeTskmCa ecjBIGMNac TiBl
es[m. Ex sIha ; escneratm yageTA ExRt:tdMbg edaynaM RBHx&nraCeTA
1848 : RBHGg<mas Gg< Pwm (kUn rbs Gg< m) cUlCIvg<t . vb|Zm( :
CamYypg . bnabmk RBHGg <yageTA RbeTses[m.
1854 : RBH:T Gg< dYg ep\IlixitmYyeTA RBHecAGZiraC:raMg NabUeLGug TI
LaeRK mkdl kMBghg tamk:l. eKaledA : CUbesc neratm mgeT{t.
kjaZibtIEym niBner]g vimanc&n . BjaviCiRtRsI niBn el|IkRsIviC&y .
3 edIm|IcgemRtIPaB CamYy:raMg.
1862 : ( Ex mina ) esc neratm RtLbmk dug<vij . (Ex emsa) : DUda dW

1863 : (Ex mina) hg neratm oExRteJZisat nig kMBgsVayeTAes{m.
1856 : GriyKamnI hIug niBn er]g RBHCinvgS .
(Exkk,da) : tmnavI dW LaRkgDIEyr
GnusJasmat rvag RBH:T Gg< dYg nig :raMg elceTAdlesces{m.
:raMg .
(De La Grandire) eZIVdMeNIrmkkMBghg.
1856 : (ExsIha) PakgarTUt eBjsmtPaB :raMgmak :nmkdl kMBt .
1863 : (z 11 sIha) ; karcuHhtelxa eTAelI snisJaGaNaBa:l
EpnkarbRmug dakGaNaBa:l :raMg enAqaMenaHg RtUvGakxan eRJHEtxVH
1864 ( z 3 Ex mizuna) raCaPiesk escneratm (TI 1) .
karRbugRby&t BI sMNak rdmRnI :raMgmak .
1857 : Exr enA tay nij egIbbHe:r . vb|Zm( : ZmbJa Emn niBn er]g
eBCta .
1865 : karbHe:rdwknaM edayeJZikMe:r (rhUtdlqaM 1867) . RBHGg<mas
sIusuvti mkKg enAsayh,n edIm|ICYy:raMg bRg,abeJZikMe:r.
1866 : RBH:T neratm e:Hbg TIRkugdug< ehIy mktaMgraCZanI enA ctumux

vij .
359
360
1867 : (15 kk,da) snisJa:raMg_es[m. TIRkug:gkk suxcit e:H bg

karRKbdNbeTAelIRbeTskmCa
Edles[m:npacykeTA.
buEn
TamTarrkSaTukExRt
rbs
Exr
1877 : ZmbJa G)uk niBner]g mrNmata cbsBVRKb . TasPaB :nRtUv
lubecal.
1881 : bvrPkI RBh niBn saRsaeBaZivgS cbsBVRKb .
1882 : kja vgSaZibtI G)uk niBner]g sgsil|C&y cbsBVRKb (eyag

tamksar rbs elak lI Zam etg).
1884 : GnusJa:raMg_Exr cuHz 17 mizuna BRgwg GMNac GaNaBa:l

:raMg edaydkGMNacBIescExr RBH:Tneratm.
1885 _ 1886 : mhakubkm TUTaMgRbeTs RbqaMg nwg :raMg.
1886 : :raMg beg,It ersIudg enAPMeBj nig enAtamext cMnYn 4: kMBt

kMBgZM RkecH eJZisat.
1987 : Xun snrBinit niBner]g ecA mas .
1889 : sutnRbICan niBner]g GMEbgEbk cbsBVRKb .
1890 : er]g RBHlkSiNvgS :nRtUver[ber[g cbsBVRKb eday ecA GZikar

vtERBkRbNak.
1891 : karbeg,It omanXaMgR:kEtmYy enAkgraCaNacRk.
1897 : enA z 9 nig 10 mkra ; ersIudg:raMg dW EvrNWvil (de Ver-
dW EvrNWvil :nRtUvpasecjehIyCMnYsedayGaeLcsgRd* Duykus
dre Ducos). (Ex mina) ; DUEmr :nRtUvEtgtaMg CaGK<eTsaPi:lNcin. DUEmr
(Doumer) :nTTYlkarGnuJat BIRBH:T neratm edIm|IeZIVkarEkTRmg (raCRkwt
z 11 kk,da). cabtaMgBIeBlenaH mk RbeTskmCa sitenAeRkamkardwknaMpal

rbs :raMg rhUtdl qaM 1945 .
1899 : mWunPkIGkSr tn niBn er]g sBVsiTi . GkRsIsiTer[ber[ger]g Bima
Bilab .
1900 : RBHGg<mas neratm yuKnr buRt rbsRBH:T neratm yageTATIRkug
:rIsedIm|IcUlrYm kgBiZIbuN BiBN(GaNaniKm . RBHGg<eq[tOkasenaH edIm|I

tvaRbqaMg nwg GnusJaqaM 1897 . enAqaMenaHEdr Duy kus biTbnEl|g.
1904 : RBH:T neratm cUlCIvg<t (25 emsa) .

1906 : (27 emsa) raCaPiesk esc sIusuvti .
1907 : es[mRbKlext :tdMbg sIusupun es[mrabmkoExrvij tamry;

snisJa :raMg_es[m z 23 mina.
1909 : karegIbeLIgbHe:r rbs viessj (10 kum;_29 mina) .

1911 : ( 8 tula) EG)reNs G)URtI :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa ersIudg.
1912 : RkmRBhTN :nRtUv Gnum&t .
1913 : karbHe:rrbs G)uc enA kMBugsVay nig :rayN (ecjratt|at
yUr> mg rhUtdl qaM 1916) .
neville) dkykGMNac BIescneratm edaykeRmal. enA Ex kk,da qaM dEdl

361
(Alexan-
362
1912_1913 : :raMgcabepIm er[bcM rd:l RbeTskmCa edayykrd:l

:raMg eZIVCaKMrU.
1914 :
(31 mkra) karbeg,ItsalaRkmkar . salaenH :nkayeTACa
salard:l enAqaM 1917.
1916 : (6 mkra) :tukm RbCaksikr ry;eBlCagmYyEx RbqaMg nwg karCiH
Cansg,tsg,in rbsByknamWun . :tukmenH :ndEgk|nyagKRKwkKeRKg mk

dl TIRkugPMeBj.
1920 : karbeg,It sala:lI . nU kn niBner]g BimaniBVan cb. sutn

RbICan niBn Ktielak cb.
1921 : karbeg,It bNal&ymYy enAPMeBj. enAz 15 mkraqaM 1925 bNa

l&yenH kayeTACa bNal&yCati .
kulabblin . kvI Rkm guy TTYlGnickmenAqaM 1936 enAkgCnayu 71
qaM.
1938 : elak rwm Kwn niBner]gsupat .
1940 : TIRkug:gkk TamTaro:raMg RbKl TwkdIExr nig TwkdI lav
mYyPaKeTAoxn. (z 1 Z) rdaPi:lz seRmc vayluk RsukExr tam kar

CMruj rbs Cbun . braC&y n kgT&BeCIgeKak:raMg . enA Ex Z enaHEdr buk
Xun beg,It clnasSr;Exr enATIRkug:gkk.
1941 : (Ex mkra) ; C&yCMnH nkgT&Bnavacr:raMg eTAelIkgT&B navacrz.
z 23 emsa : RBH:T sIusuvti munIvgS cUlCIvg<t . tm navI sg dWKU
(Jean
Decoux) GktMNag:raMg enAkmCa :neRCIserIs RBHGg<mas neratm sIhnu
edIm|IsgraChgmunIvgS EdlCaRBHGyeka. z 9 sPa : karcuHhtelxa

eTAelIGnusJa :raMg_es[menATIRkugtUk. tamry;GnusJaenaH :raMgRbKl
1924 : z 8 vicika ; kvI stnRbICan TTYlmrNPaB .
extes{mrab kMBgZM nig swgERtg eTAoz . z 29 kk,da : tamry;
1927 : RBH:T sIusuvti cUlCIvg<t (9 sIha) .
kicRBmeRB{g dakLg katU Cbun mktaMgTI enAkmCa . z 28 tula : BiZI
raCaPiesk RBHmhakSRtExr RBH:T neratm sIhnu.
1928 : ( z 23 kk,da) raCaPieskRBH:T sIusuvti minIvgS.
1930 : karsemaZ viCasanBuTsasnbNit . hU CImij beg,ItbkS kumy
nisNcin.
1942 : z 18 kk,da : Gacar Ehm ec{v nig elak nYn DUg RtUv :raMg
cabxnedayGkTaMgBIrenH :neZIVkareXasna RbqaMg:raMg dlTahanExr enA

kgkgT&B:raMg. enA z 20 kk,da : eRkamkardwknaM rbs sWn guk zaj
1933 : elak Kwm hak niBner]g eskesambNit .
1936 : sWn guk zaj beg,ItkaEst nKrvt CamYy :c QWn.
sPa ; kUdkm sisSviTal&y sIusuvti. elak jk Ezm ecj pSayer]g
karbHe:r RbqaMg:raMgmYy d*ZM pHeLIgenAcMkNal TIRkugPMeBj. :tukr 2

Bannak enAkgenaH RBHsg 5 ryGg< :nRtUvcabxn. Gacar Ehm ec{v, nYn
DYg, b)un can mul RtUv:raMgcab ykeTAdakKuk enAekaHRtLac rI sWn guk
zaj :nrt eTAdl TIRkugtUk enAz 26 Z edayqgkat TIRkug:gkk .
363
364
vb|Zm(;
nU kn e:HBum pSayer]g Tavk . elak juk Ezm ecjpSay er]g
bisacesha .
1946 : (7 mkra) ;karcuHhtelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{gsRmuuHsRmYl sin
(modus vivendi) rvag :raMg nigExr. 1 kJa) ; kare:H eqatsPa. vb|Zm( :
1945 : z 7 kum; ; ynehaH eb 29 n sm&nmit :raMg-Gaemrik
TmakRKabEbk eTAlIvtNaelam enATIRkugPMeBjedIm|IkMeTcTItaMg rbsCbun.
elak Gwum hIu ecjpSayer]g mhaGP&B . Ex mkra ? kMeNIt smaKmnisSit

Exr Ga GW ka
(A.E.K.) dwknaMeday elak eG{r sIu cUv . Ex emsa ; elak
RBHsg 20 Gg< RtUv:tbgCivit . KW enAeBlenaHehIyEdl TU samut rteTA
sium va elak Qan vm nig elak eG{v kwH begI,tKNbkSRbCaZibety
z 9 mina ; kgT&BCbunkabNcin. BYkeK:ncab:raMg ykeTAXMuXaMgGs.
sIusuvti yutivgS RtLbmkRsukExr. z 7 sIha ; RkumExrsSr; dwknaM
RbeTsev{tNam ehIy bnabmk kayeTACasmaCik bkSkmynisNcin.
(KNbkSneya:y TI 1 beg,Iteday bJvnExr) . (Ex mizuna) ; GkGg<mas
enATIRkugPMeBj enAz 12 mina RBHmhakSRtExrRBH:Tneratm sIhnu Rbkas
eday dab QYn GkGg<mas neratm cnrgSI nig sWn guk mij naMKamktaMgTI
RbkasbJl Ncin eTAkgshPaB:raMg. z 30 sPa ; sWn guk zaj
kare:Heqat tamEbbbT RbCaZibety elIkdMbUgbgs enAkg RbvtisaRs
kraCExr tambJa rbs Cbun . z 24 mina ; tmesnIy dW eh<al
RtLbmkRsukExrvij
ehIy:nRtUvEtgtaMgCa
rdmRnIkarbreTs.
enA
Ex
mizuna BYksSr;Exr :nnaMKabeg,Itclna rbs eKmYy enAkgExRt:tdMbg.

z 14 sIha sWn guk zaj :nRtUvEtgtaMg CanaykrdmRnI. z 15 sIha ;
RbeTsCbun RbkascuHcajsRg<am bnab BI shrd Gaemrik :nTmak RKab
EbkbrmaNU eTAelI eh{rUsIuma enAz 6 sIha nig Nah,asa KI enAz 9

sIha . z 28 kJa ; RBH:T neratm sIhnu epI\lixitmYyeTAtmnavI:raMg
ECrI daksg lIeyI
(Theirry dArgenlieu)) edIm|IeZIVkarcrca BI kraCExr .
z 1 tula ; tmesnIy:raMg LW Ekrk* mkdl TIRkugsayh,n. z 8 tula
; kgT&Bsm&nmit GgeKs cUlmkkgRbeTskmCa . z 15 tula ; :raMg
cab sWn guk zaj rYcbJneTAdakKuk enA RbeTs:raMg . z 17 tula ;
:raMg EtgtaMg rdaPi:l RTgsIusuvti munIert.
365
cMnYn 6 z enAes{mrab_Gg<r. :raMg 7 nak :tbgCIvit.
(z 1 kJa) ;
Exr. 17 vicika : GnusJaTIRkugtUk qaM 1941 :nRtUv catTuk CaemaX;. z

15 Z : rdaPi:l RTgyutivgS.
1947 : z 6sPa : karRbkasoeRbI rdZmnuJExrelIkdMbUgbgs. z 11
kk,da GkGg<masyutivgScUlCIvg<t. z 25 kk,da : rdaPi:l GkGg<mas
v&DqayavgS . z 21 Z : kare:HeqatsPa . KNbkS RbCaZibety :n

TTYleCaKC&y eday:nTTYlsMeLg eRcInelIslub. vb|Zm( : elak nU kn
ecjpSay er]gtugQin . elak nU kn TTYlmrNPaBenA qaM 1947 enA

kMBgcam.
1948 : 2 mkra : rdaPi:l Qan vm. z 1 kum; : ExrsSr;beg,It KN
kmaZikar rMedaHRbCaCnExr enAExRt:tdMbg. KNkmaZikar enaH EdldwknaM

eday dab QYn manKa 800 nak . z 15 sIha : rda Pi:l Ebn nut .
366
1949 : Exkum; ; KNkmaZikarrMedaHRbCaCnExr :nRtUvbreQaH mk CaKN

kmaZikar CatiExr rrMedaHRbCaCn Edlman buk Xun CaGkdwknaM . z 12 kum;
: rdaPi:l Eym sMbU. BI Exmina eTA Ex mizuna : karEbk:k BYkExrsSr;.

z 4 mizuna : kmCaeRkam :nRtUvrdaPi:lGaNaniKm :raMg RbKleTAoev{t
NamedayKankarylRBm BI Exr kmCaeRkam. z 18 kJa ; RBHmhakSRt
Exr neratm sIhnu rMlay rdsPa . rdaPi:l elak eG{v kwH TTYlkarxus
man BIrnak KW sWn eP]k rtna nig ng sYn . z 3 sPa : rdaPi:l dwknaM
CabeNaHGasn edayRBHmhakSRt . z 1 mizuna : rdaPi:l munIBgS . z

19 mizuna: nisSitExre nATIRkug:rIs beg,ItRkummakSniymmYy. smaCik n
RkumenH manCaGaT : eG{g sarI, ex{v Zi#T, h)U yn, ekg vansak, CYn mum,
saLt s, mIu man
mIu pat, rt saem]n .
1951 : (1 mkra) ; rdaPi:l munIBgS. z 8 kum; ;kmaPi:lExr 9 rUb n
RtUv EtenAcMeJHmux RBHmhakSRtbueNaH . 29 kJa : rdaPi:l elak Eym
bkSkumynisNcin RbCMuCamYy EL Dwk zU ehIyseRmcbeg,It bkS RbCaCn
karcuHhtelxa eTAelIsnisJa :raMg-Exr TTYls<alRbeTskmCa Ca rd
:lTI 2 rbs G)um Qags)un.
kmCamine:HbgsiTi rbs xn elITwkdI kUsaMgsIun eLIy . vb|Zm( : karecj
29 tula
sMbU . z 1 tula : emsSr; dab QYn cuHcUlraCrdaPi:l. z 8 vicika :
kraC buEnEdlsitenAkgshPaB:raMg . tamry;snisJaenaH RbeTs
bdivtExr . z 3 mina :
rdaPi:l G)um Qags)un . z 14 sPa : rdaPi
z 29 tula : sWn guk zaj RtLbmk
RsukExrvij bnabBICabKuk enARsuk:raMg Gsry;eBl Cag 5 qaM . enAz

dEdlenaH elak sg dW rmug
(Jean de Raymond) ersIudg
pSay Rbelamelak p,aRseJn rbs elak nU hac Ca elIkdMbUg bnabBI
s)ubebrIy&r :raMg enAPMeBj :nRtUv GkbeRmI yYn eZIVXat . TMnakTMng rvag
1947.
Rkug:rIs h)U yn RtUv:neRCIstaMgCaRbZan smaKmnisSit Ga GW ka
sadenH :nRtUvecj Ca PaKniTan enAkgTsSnavdI RbcaMs:h kmCa enAqaM
1950 : z 14 mkra : elak eG{v kwH GkdwknaM KNbkSRbCaZibety nig
Ca RbZanedsPa :nRtUveKeZIVXat . z 11 _12 mina : sikasala enA ha
GaC\aZr
:raMg nig rdaPi:l RbCaZibetyExr sitenAkgPaBtantwg . enATI
( A.E.
K.) .
1952 : ( z 11 mkra) sWn guk zaj beg,ItkaEst ExreRkak . KW enAqaM
eT{g n KNRbtiPUExrkumynis Edlman sWn guk mij CaGkdwknaM nig KN
1952 enaH ehIy EdlRkumExrsSr; dwknaM eday sWn guk mij :nRbsiTi
sni:t nGkts)UExr eRkamkardwknaM rbs sWn guk mij edIm|Ibeg,It rNsir
1953 ; (z 11 mkra) ; RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu sMuGMNacTaMg mUl
RbtiPUev{tNamkumynis dwknaMeday EL Dwk zU. z 17-19 emsa : mha
rYm ExrsSr; . KW CarNsirmYyEbb Edlman lkN;dUcCa rdaPi:lmYy

dUecHEdr KWman sWn guk mij CaRbZan
can sm&y GnuRbZan es{v ehg
GnuRbZan nig CardmRnI karJrCati TU samut GnuRbZan. rI GkdwknaM sMxan
367
namxneK za rdaPi:lts)UExr .
BIrdsPa. (z 13 mkra) ; RBHmhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu rMlayedsPa

Ca elIkTI 2. KW CadMNakkarTI 2
n rdRbharRsbc|ab rbs RBHmha
kSRt EdlbNaloman karreCIbrMCYl enAkgsalaer{n. (z 14 mkra) ;
368
saLut sr RtLb BIRsuk:raMg mkRsukExr . (z 24 mkra) ; rdaPi:l
eday RBHmhakSRtExr edIm|I kMcatTItaMgev[tmij ehIyEdlman GnraKmn BI
dwknaMedayRBHmhakSRt. (z 9 kum;) ;karcabepIm n raCbUCnIykic edIm|I
kgT&BGakas:raMgpgEdr) .
kraC rbs RBHmhakSRt EdlseRmcyageTARbeTs:raMg. KW enAzenaH
1954 : z 20 kum; : emsSr;Exr cuHcUlraCrdaPi:l. z7 emsa : rdaPi
ehIyEdl:raMg rMlaysmaKmnisSit Ga GW ka tamesckIesI rbsRBHmha
kSRt. RBHmhakSRt Cybsnna CamYyelak RbZanaZibtI:raMg vaMgsg GurI
yUl buEn BMu:nTTYllTplGIVTaMgGs . z 13 emsa; RBHGg<yag eTA
RbeTskaNada nig shrd Gaemrik . z 14 sPa ; RBHmhakSRt yag
vilRtLbmkRsukExrvij bnabBI:nsakGaRs&y enARbeTsCbun mYyry;

eBl. z 12 mizuna ; RBHGg<yageTAtaMg esnaZikardan rbs RBHGg<
enAExRtes[mrab. z 14 mizuna : RBHGg< yageTATIRkug:gkk. z 26

mizuna : RBHGg<yag mk ExRt:tdMbg . BITIenaHmk RBHmhakSRtExr :n
GMJvnav kMENnTUeTA. RbCaCnRbmaN 20 mWun nak :n eqIytb. z 3

kk,da : :raMgbJak odwgza eKeRt{mxn CaeRsc edIm|I sRmYlo:nkanEt
RbesIr karplkraC nig GZibetyeTAoExr. z 29 kk,da : rda:l

neratm sIhnu. Ex sIha : saLt sr nig yn es]n
mkdlTIbJakar
rNsir shPaB sSr; EdltaMgTI enA EpkbUJ( ExRt kMBgcam ehIyEdl
kMBuger[bcMeZIVsRg<amT&BRB
. z
25
sIha : karcabepIm
karcrcae
vag :raMg nig Exr . z 29 sIha : :raMg RbKl smtkic Epktulakar mk

oExr . z 17 tula : :raMg RbKl smtkic EpkeyaZa mkoExr . z 7
vicika : :raMg RbKlEpk nana n GZibetymkoExr . z 9 vicika : RBH

mhakSRtExr neratm sIhnu
RbkaskraCExr . z 23 vicika : rdaPi:l
can Nak. z 17-30 Z : RbtibtikarsamK<I (Rbtibtikar eyaZa dwknaM
369
:l dwknaMeday RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu . z 18 emsa : rdaPi:l

elak Ebn nut. z 7 sPa :
karRbyuT enA eD[n eb[n PU Qanmk
dlTIbJb . z 8 sPa : snisIT GnrCatiTIRkugsWENv ebIksm&yRbCMu.
z 20 kk,da : karcuHhtelxa kicRBmeRB{g TIRkughSWuENv . z 21 kk,da :

shrdGaemrik minRBmcuHhtelxa eTAelI kicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSENv . z
27 sIha : rdaPi:l elak Ebn nut.
z 31 tula ; TsSnkic elak enhru enARbeTskmCa edIm|I elIkeLIg nUv
maKa( snishviCman nig mincUlbkSsm&n . z 2 Z : mhakSRtExr min

GnuJatoelak sWn guk zaj cUlKal . z 23 Z : karbeg,ItZnaKar Cati
n mCa (ZnaKarkNal) .
1955 : (z 25 mkra) ; rdaPi:l elak eLg Egt . z 7 kum;; RbCa
mti saksYr GMBI ebskkm TamTar kraC rbs RBHmhakSRt. GkeTA

e:Heqat 99, 8
PaKry sMEdgkareBjcit . z 19 kum; RBHmhakSRt
neratm sIhnu bgajKeRmag EksRmYlsab&n RKbRkgRbeTs . Ex kum; :
ExresrI beg,It mUldanT&BmYy manKa 2 Jnnak enAelITwkdIz edayman

elak sWn guk zaj CaGkdwknaM . z 3 mina : RBHmhakSRt neratm sIhnu
dakraC zVayRBHmata nig RBHbita rbs RBHGg< edIm|I cuHRbyuT kgqak
neya:y . z 23 mina ; semc byuvraC neratm sIhnu beg,It clna
sg<mraRsniym . z 16 sPa : kicRBmeRB{g TTYl CMnYykar eyaZa BI
370
shrd Gaemrik . z 14 kJa : RbeTskmCa cUleTAkgGg<kar sh RbCa

Cati.
1958 : z 4_6 mkra : smaCelIkTI 6 . z 26 mkra : RbCamti sIBI c|ab
e:HeqatrbsRsI . 99, 95 PaKry ylRBm. z 23 mina : kare:Heqat
1956 : z 5 mkra : rdaPi:l G)um Qag s)un (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI
sPa. z 29 emsa : rdaPi:l sium va (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI11) . z
enA shPaB sUev[t nig enA eqkUsvaKI . z 1 mina: rdaPi:l neratm sIhnu
mkkgTwkdIExr enAkgExRtswgERtg. z 10 kk,da : rdaPi:lsIhnu (rdaPi:l
GUtas
elak ex[v sMpn cUlrYmcMENk. z 24 kk,da : RbeTskmCa dakTMnakTMng
2). z 13 _ 21 kum; ; semc neratm sIhnu eZIV TsSnkic enARbeTscin
(rdaPi:l sg<mraRsniym TI 3 ) . semc neratm sIhnu min RBmcUlGg<kar
(O.T.A.S.E. ) . z 3 emsa : rdaPi:l Xwm Twt (rdaPi:lsg<mraRs
9_ 26 mizuna : kgT&B ev[tNamxagt|g mYykg vresnaZM :ncUl 15 K. m.
sg<mraRsniymTI 12) . KW enAkgrdaPi:l enHehIyEdl elak h)U yn nig
niymTI 4 ) . z 15 kJa : rdaPi:lsIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 5) .
TUt CamYy RbeTscinRbCamanitu . z 16 sIha : Tahanz mYyRkum :ncUl
rdaPi:l san yun (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 5). z 22 _27 vicika :
Exr nig z enATIRkug:gkk sIBIRBHvihar. RbeTsz minRBmTTYls<al EpnTI
26 vicika ;nisSitExr enATIRkug:rIs beg,ItsmaKm G)uy GW ka. 1957 : rdaPi
kmCa nig z RtUvpakmYyry;sin. z 30 Z : kaEst raRsaZibtI rbs
4 EdlenAOkasenaH :neZIVesckIseRmccit Rbkas GBaRkwtPaB n RbeTs
1959 : z 13 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu R:bodwg Ca saZarN;za
Ex tula : RbeTsz dakkgT&B CMnYskgnKr:l enA RBHvihar. z 25 tula :
TsSnkic rbs CU eGn Lay rdmRnI karbreTscin RbCamanitu enAkmCa . z
:l san yun (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 7) . z12 mkra : smaCelIk TI

kmCa. z 9 emsa : rdaPi:l sIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 8) . z
25 emsa : RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g ecaTRbeTskmCazapl CRmko T&BRB

kumynis ev[tNam . z 2 sPa : kgT&Bev[tNamxagt|g cUlmk PUmicRna
exRtsVayer[g . z 15 kk,da : smaCCatielIkTI 5. z 26 kk,da : rdaPi:l
suim va (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 9). z 11 sIha : karttaMgCasaZarN;
rvag semc neratm sIhnu nwg emdwknaM KnbkSRbCaZibety . z 20 sIha
: semc nerat sIhnu semaZ pHExr
viTal&y TIRkug:rIs .
(Pavillon du Cambodge) enAkg skl
mkkg R:saTRBHvihar . BI z 18 sIha mkdl z 3 kJa : karcrca rvag
EdlPabCamYy nigsnisJa qaM 1907 . z 28 vicika : TMnakTMngkarTUt evag
elak sm sarI ecjpSayelx TI 1 ebs xn.
maneKer[bcMKeRmagkark|tRBHGg< enATIRkug:gkkedayman bEgk BIelak sm
sarI. z 19 mkra : BiZIsemaZ RblanynehaH GnrCati eJZicing EdlCa

GMeNay rbs :raMg. z 20 kum; : kardak TMnakTMngTUt CamYyz eLIgvij
edayman Gg<kar shRbCaCati CaGnrkarI . z 22 kum; : GMeBIk|t rbs dab
QYn Ebkkar ehIyRtUv raMgs,atTaneBl. z 13 mizuna : rdaPi:lneratm
sIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 14) .

emrikPMeBj_kMBgesam
z 22 kk,da : pvmitPaB Exr_Ga
(RkugRBHsIhnu ) :nRtUvsemaZ. z 3 sIha :
karsnna evagsemc neratm sIhnu nig ega Dij yam EdlTamTar ykekaH
371
372
ExrmYycMnYn. z 31 sIha : RBHmhakSRt neratm suraRmit nig mhakSRtIya
nI
kusm;
RbmTaMg semc neratm sIhnu
:neKcputBI
karbunbgeZIVXat
edayRKabEbk enAkgRBHraCvaMg. z 30 kJa dl z 6 tula : rdaPi:lExr
bJnsMNMuer]g RBHvihar bwgtulakar GnrCati . Ex tula: sWn guk zaj ecj
pSaynievtnb&N clnaExresrI. z 11 tula : Nub bupan naykkaEst

kumynis RbCaCn RtUveKeZIVXat. Ex vicika : kgT&BexmrPUmin dwknaMeday
tmesnIy ln nl eZIVRbtibtikarcab dab QYn ehA QYn mleBRC enA

es[mrab. dab QYn RtUvGg<rkSEdlrteTAPMKUElnCamYy pacCivitecalEtmg.
1960 : z 2 emsa ; BiZIsemaZ kMBgEpkMBgesam EdlCaGMeNay
rbs:raMg. z 3 emsa : RBHmhakSRt RBH:TsuraRmit cUlCIvg<t . z 9
z 23 tula : kmCa pacTMnakTMngTUt CamYyRbeTsz. z 17 vicika : rdaPi
:l sIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 17) .
1962 : 10 mizuna ; kare:HqatsPa. Ex sPa : GkdwknaMKNbkS RbCa

CnCaeRcIn RtUvcabxn (ng sYn, Ekv mas,). z 15 mizuna : tulakar Gnr
Cati TIRkugLaeG
(La Haye) katkIoExrQHkger]gRBHvihar . z 20 kk,da :
emkumynis KNbkS RbCaCn bdivt kmCa TU samut RtUv eKeZIVXatenAkg
PaBd*Gaz(kM:Mg. z 6 sIha : rdaPi:l ecA Esnkusl (rdaPi:lsg<m
raRsniymTI 18). z 20 sIha : semc neratm sIhnu epI\sarlixit eTAR
bmuxrd cMnYn 12 RbeTs edIm|IsMu oTTYls<al nig ZanaGBaRkwtPaBExr.

z 2 tula : GktMNagRbeTsz enA Gg<kar shRbCaCati TamTaryk
emsa : semc neratmsIhnu minRBmeLIgRKgraC . rdsPabeg,It RkumRbwkSa
ExRt:tdMbg kMBgZM nig es[mrab . z 6 tula : rdaPi:l neratm knl
15) .
xagt|g TmakRKabEbk elIPUmiExr.
raCanusiTi. z 19 emsa : rdaPi:l pUeRB]g (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI
z 5 mizuna : semcn eratm sIhnu :nRtUvRbCamti eRCIstaMg Ca
RBHRbmuxrd. z 28 _ 30 kJa : mhasni:t TI 2 n bkSRbCaCn bdivt
kmCa enAkg TUreTHePIg enA sanIyrzePIgTIRkug PMeBj. KWenAeBlenaHehIy

EdlbkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa breQaHmkCa bkSBlkrkmCa . Ex kJa :
pvlM hU CI mij rIkraldal cakeRsH eBjEpkbUBa( n RbeTskmCa .
1961 : z 28 mkra : rdaPi:l neratm sIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRs
(rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 19). z 25 tula : kgGakascr ev[tNam
1963 : z 20_21 kum; mhasni:t bkSBlkrExr . saLt sr RtUv
:nEtgtaMgCaGK<elxaZikarbkS. tamkarBit tYnaTIenH RtUv:nmk esa Pwm .
z 8 mina : semc sIhnu ekaHehA bJCn 34 rUb oer[bcM beg,ItrdaPi:l.
GkTaMgenHBMuRBm eRJHdwgza CaGnak. z 1 sPa: TsSnkicpvkar enA

kmCa nRbmuxrd cin lU ecA CI . z 15 sIha : viTExresrI cabepImeZIV
niymTI 16). z 26 sPa : tulakar yutiZm( GnrCati Rbkasza eKman
skmPaBRbqaMg nwg semc neratm sIhnu. z 27 sIha : kmCa pacTMnak
elIkeLIg GMBI karsg,tsg,in BUCsasn nigsasnaeTAelI ExrkmCaeRkam.
Namxagt|g . z 2 vicika : elak RbZana ZibtI ega Dij yam nig bn ega
smtkicRKbRKan edIm|IkatkIsMNMuer]g RBHvihar . Ex kk,da : rdaPi:lExr
373
TMngTUt CamYyRbeTsev[tNam xagt|g . z 1 vicika : rdRbhar enAev[t
Din j RBmTaMgPriyaRtUveKsmab. z 9 vicika: semcneratm sIhnu Rbkas
374
R:bEpnkarEkTRmgesdkic (CatUbnIykmZnaKar nigJNiCkmeRkARbeTs) .
RbCamanitu plCMnYyeyaZa o RbeTs kmCa. z 20 tula : Gaemrik Tmak
sIhnu pacCMnYy eyaZa nig esdkic rbs shrd Gaemrik. z 22 vicika :
RKabEbk elI bus TlEdn dak daM extmNlKIrI. z 25 vicika : skl
RBHGg< k*Tatecal CmnYy GaemrikpgEdr . z 19 vicika : semc neratm
elakRbZanaZibtI shrd Gaemrik yUn kiNWDI RtUveKeZIVXat. z 25 vicika :
RKabEbkeTAelI PUmiGng ERks extkMBgcam. z 24 tula :Gaemrik Tmak
viTal&y 4 :nRtUvbeg,It ? sklviTal&y PUminbeckeTs sklviTal&y
ExresrI eQaH RJb Giun :nRtUvkateTas RbharCIvit . z 29_ 30 Z :
PUminviciRtsil|; sklviTal&yPUmin kMBgcam nig sklviTal&y taEkv_
1964 : Ex mkra ; :tukmyuvCn RbqaMg nwg shrd Gaemrik. CatUb
neratm knl (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 20).
karebIkGg<smaC sg<mraRsniym TI 16 .
nIykmZnaKar Rkumh)unZanarabrg nigEpkdwkecjnaMcUl. z 20 mkra; RJb
kMBt. z 12 Z : BhukILadanPMeBj :nRtUvsemaZ . z 25 Z : rdaPi:l
1965 : z 10 mkra ; sanTUt:raMg :nbJn kMNtehtu mYymk rdaPi
Giun :nRtUvRbharCIvit enA RtJMgRkLwg. z 6 mina : RksYgkarbreTs sh
:lExr sMuo RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g RbKlTwkdIkUsaMgsIun mkoExrvij.
eday KaMRTRbeTsCitxag TaMgBIrenH EdlCa sm&nmit rbseK . z 11
PMeBj. z 26 emsa ; :tukm RbqaMg nwg shrd Gaemrik enAmuxsanTUt
RbeTsGgeKs edIm|IsMEdgkarRbqaMg nwgkarKaMRT RbeTsCitxagTaMgBIr eday
Gaemrik. z 7 sPa : rdaPi:l neratm knl TI 2 (rdaPi:lsg<mraRs
rd Gaemrik elIkeLIgBI bJa RBMRbTl Exr _z nig Exr_ev[tNamxagt|g
mina : :tukm er[bcMeLiIg rdayGaC\aZrExr vaykMeTcsanTUt Gaemrik nig
s. r G. sI BI bJa RBMEdnenH. z 26 mina : ynehaH nig rzeRkaH RbeTs
z 14 kum; snisIT RbCaCn nbNaRbeTs enANcin elIkTI1 enA TIRkug
Gaemrik.
z 3 sPa ;
RbeTskmCa pacTMnak TMngTUt CamYyshrd
niymTI 21) . Ex mizuna : saLt sr, Ekv mas nig GkdwknaM bkSkumynis
ev[tNamxagt|g eRkam bJakar rbs nayTahan GaemrikaMgmak :n vay
mYycMnYn :ncakecj BI kariyal&yelx 100 eZIVdMeNIr eTAhaNUy tam
T&Bev[tNamxagt|g vayRbhar edaytRtaRbNI edayynehaH nig rz
8 tula : shPaB sUev[t lubTsSnkic Edlsemc neratm sIhnu bRmug
Rbhar eTAelIPUmicRna kgexRtsVayer[g.
z 7 sPa : PUmi ta GI RtUvkg
eRkaH. rdaPi:lExr bwgGg<kar shRbCaCati. z 8 sPa : PUmi Zk
RtUvTTYl rgeRKaH dUcPUmicRna nig ta GI dUecHEdr . z 28 sPa : Gg<kar

shRbCaCatitRmUvoGaemrik sgkarxUcxat. z 24 mizuna : semc neratm
sIhnu CYbsna CamYytmesnIy dW eh,al enA TIRkug:rIs. z 20 kJa :

BiZIsemaZ viCasan beckeTs mitPaB Exr_sUev[t enAPMeBj. z 27
kJa : TsSnkic rbs semc neratm sIhnu enATIRkugebkaMg . RbeTscin

375
pvlM hU CImij. BYkeKsitenA tampvlM hU CI mij Gsry;eBl 9 Ex. z

eZIVenA TIRkugmUs<ecal bnabBI RbeTskmCa
BRgwgemRtIPaB CamYyTIRkug
ebkaMg . z 15 tula : kgT&B Gaemrik vayRbhar eTAelIPUmi : ZU ExRt
sVayer[g. z 25 vicika : enATIRkugebkaMg tmesnIy ln nl emesnaZi
kardan kgBlexmrPUmin cuHhtelxa CamYy shPaKIcin eTAelI snisJa

eyaZasmatmYy snaza TTYl nig karJr yuTCn kumynis ev[tNam
376
enAtamCay EdnkmCa . z 21 Z : rdaPi:l shrd Gaemrik ecaT RbeTs
Ex Z ; mZura nig ecA bUrI EdlRtUv ecaTBIbTExresrIk|tCati :nRtUvykeTA
1966 : KWenA qaM 1966 enaHehIy Edl ev[tNam xageCIg beg,It Gg<PaB
1967 : z 6 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu yageTARbeTs:raMg. RBHGg<
kmCa za :nplCRmk oev[tkug.
RbharCIvit enA RtJMgRkLwg.
mYy sRmabbgathVwkhVWn kgT&BRBExr. Gg<PaBenaH maneQaH za eb 36
sitenATIenaH Gsry;eBl 2 Ex. enAkgry;eBlenaH tmesnIy ln
s. r. G. TmakRkabEbk eTAelITwkdIExr ehIy EdlbNal oExrrabry
pSaresrI . PaBRcbUkRcblmYy :nekItmaneLIg . karbRg,abbNaloman
(P 36). z 14 mkra RbeTskmCa ez,aleTas shrd Gaemrik GMBIkarEdl

nak :tbgCIvit . z 5 kum; ; kariyal&y Gaemrik enARsukExr TaMgbunan
nl :ner[bcMRbB&nTijRsUvRbCaCn eday okMNttm 1 PaK 3 nzTI
karbHJldlCivit RbCaCn . BI z 24 kum; dl z 3 mina ; kgT&B
EdleKsgS&yza manTMnakTMng CamYy Gg<kar es GIu Ga biTTVarTaMgGs. z
ev[tNamxagt|g nigGaemrik mktaMgTI enA Rck Rkaj extkMBgcam . z 9
z dakkgT&B enARBHvihar . buEn enA z 6 mina kgT&BExr edjkgT&Bz
eKeXIjman xitb&N ez,aleTas neya:yTijRsUv nigkarxiteTACit shrd
Exr vayRbhar. BI z 31 kk,da eTATlnwg z 3 sIha : TmaKcRkGaemrik
ex[v sMpn nig GkeqVgniym RbmTaMg GkRbkaneqVg enAkgclna sg<mraRs
19 mina : shPaB sUev[t cabepIm plCMnYyeyaZamkoExr. z 3 emsa :

ecjeTAvij. z 12 mizuna : rzePIg :tdMbg e:y Ebt :nRtUvkgT&BRB
vayRbhar eTAelIPUmi eXak Rtac . enA Ex kk,da karcrca rvag Exr nigev[t
Nam sIBIbJa kMNtRBMEdn :nTTUlbraC&yTaMgRsug. Ex kJa: saLt

sr nig Gk dwknaMExrkumynis :nRtLbmk karyal&yelx 100 rbseK
mina ; semc neratm sIhnu RtLbmkkmCavij. KW enAeBlenaHehIy Edl
Gaemrik rbs tmesnIy ln nl. z 11 mina ; :tukmer[bcMeLIg eday

niym TamTar otmesnIy ln nl laElg BItMENg naykrdmRnI . z
30 mina ; smaCikrdaPi:l BIr rUb KWelak emA say
(esdkic) nig elak
Duk rasIu (Epnkar) RtUvrdsPaedjedalcabzak. z 2 emsa ; kar bHe:r
vij. BYkeK:nebIkGg<RbCMumYy ehIyERbeQaHbkSBlkr rbseKmkCa bkS
enA smt. z 22 emsa ; semc neratm sIhnu ecaTRbkanCa saZarN;
l|Il|ajmYy enA BhukILadan enA TIRkugPMeBj TamTaro RbeTsEdleTIb
smt. RBHGg< KMramza nwg ykGkTaMgenaH eTAotulakarswkkateTas . z
kumynisExr vij. z 1 kJa : tmesnIy sak dW eh,al eZIV snrkza d*
nwg:nkraC man siTisV&yseRmc rbseK. z 11 kJa : kare:Heqat
za elak hU) yn nig ex[v sMpnCa GknaMoman karbHe:r RbCaksikr enA
22 emsa ; esA guy EdlRtUveKecaTzaCa ExresrI :nRtUvykeTARbhar
sPa. C&yCMnH rbs GkGPirkSsaMniym . z 25 tula : rdaPi:l tm
CIvit enARtJMgRkLwg dUc RJb Giun, mZura nig ecA bUrI dUecHEdr . z 24
neratm sIhnu beg,It Gg<kar brrdaPi:l (RbqaMg nwgrdaPi:l) . z 18
sakl|g dkGP&yksiTi tMNagraRs BIelak h)U nwm buEn BMu:nseRmc.
esnIy ln nl (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 22). z 26 tula : semc
vicika : semc neratm sIhnu pleQaH ExrRkhm eTAoBYkExrkumynis.

377
emsa ; h)U yn nig ex[v sMpn rtcUl RB. enAeBldEdlenaH mankar

z 30 emsa; tmesnIy ln nl laElg BImuxtMENg naykrdmRnI .
378
z 1 sPa ; rdaPi:l neratm sIhnu (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 23) .
Gg<kar shRbCaCati TakTg nwg kar dakTMnakTMngl CamYy RbeTsz k*
Xatkm eTAelI rUbelak ex[v sMpn nig h)U yn eRJH enAeBlenaH eKnaM
:lmYy enA :Nn kgExRt :tdMbg. z 17 mkra enaH :nRtUvExrRkhm
sPa ; RbeTskmCaesIsMu oshKmGnrCati TTYls<al karkMNtRBMEdn
:l Ebn nut (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniymTI 24). z 19 kum; ; RbeTs
EdlRtUvecaTRbkanza CaExresrI :nRtUvRbharCIvit .
z 25 kum; ; BYkExrRkhm vayRbhar enAkgExRtcMnYn 6 kgzEtmYy (:t
nisSit RbmaN 1 mWun 5 Jnnak naMKaeZIV:tukm enATIRkugPMeBj RbqaMg nwg

Kaylza ex[v sMpn nig h)U yn :nRtUveKeZIVXat (viTebkaMg). z 9
RbeTskmCa tamEpnTI CaZrman qaM 1954 . z 13 sPa ; ExrBIrrUbeT[t

z 31 sPa ; rN
sir rMedaHCati ev[tNam TTYls<al EpnTI qaM 1954 enaH. z 8 mizuna ;
TTYlbraC&yEdr. z 17 mkra ; BYkExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelITItaMg rdaPi

catTukza Cazcab epImRbyuTpveyaZa rbs BYkeK. z 31 mkra ; rdaPi
kmCa suxcitTTYlyk CMnYyesdkic nigeyaZa rbs shrd Gaemrikvij.
dMbg kMBgqaMg
kMBgsW taEkv kMBt ekaHkug). PUmicMnYn 1 mWunPUmi :ncUl
saZarNrd RbCaZibety ev[tNam TTYls<alEpnTI qaM 1954 enaHEdr.
ExrRkhm.
TIRkugPMeBj. z 24 mizuna ; santMNag saZarNrd RbCaZibety ev[t
nut . z 31 tula ; sklviTal&y :tdMbg :nRtUvsemaZ . z 5 Z ;
22 mizuna ; karebIksantMNagGciRny rNsirredaHCatiev[tNam enA
Nam (ev[tNamxageCIg) eLIgfan; CasanTUt. z 28 mizuna ; BYknisSit
naMKavaykemc TIsakkarkaEst ExrkraC rbs elak suim va . z 13
kk,da ; rdaPi:l seRmc Gnuvt Epnkar exmryankm CabeNIr> . z 2
kJa ; semc neratm sIhnu biTsmaKmcin_Exr rbs elak ePaK qay
nig h)U nwm bnabBIsmaKmenH Eck es[vePARkhm rbs emA es Tug . z
7 tula ; h)U nwm rtcUlRB. nisSit nig saRsacarCaeRcIn :nRtUvcabxn.

xH:nRtUveKsmabEtmg .
z 13 sPa ; tmesnIy ln
nl :nRtUv EtgtaMg Ca
rdmRnI karJrRbeTs nig CaGkRtYtBinitkgT&B enAkgrdaPi:l elak Ebn
tmesnIy ln nl RtUvEtgtaMg CanaykrdmRnI .
1969 : z 2 mina ; semc neratm sIhnu elIkeLIg CaelIkdMbUg bgs
GMBI karEdlBYkev[tkug dakTitaMg rbseK enAkgtMbnCayEdn RbeTskmCa.

z 9 kum; ; Gaemrik cabepImTmakRKabEbk eb 52 enAelITwkdIExr. BYkExr
kumynis vayyk:n TiItaMg rmas Ehk kgExRtsVayer[g . z 29 mina ;
semc neratm sIhnu bgajkgEpnTI nUv TiItaMMgsMxan> rbs BYkev[tkug nig
ev[tmijenAelITwkdIExr . z 11 emsa ; kardakTMnakTMngTuUt CapvkareLIg
1968 : z 8-12 mkra ; TsSnkic ebs elak ecEsr e:v kGK<rd
vij CamYyshrd Gaemrik . z 26 emsa ; kgT&BexmrPuUmin vayRbhar
RbZanaZibtI yUnsun :nmkCYbsemc neratm sIhnu sIBIbJa karTmak
cUlCasmaCik Gg<kar mUlniZi rUbiyvt GnrCati. z 30 kk,da : tmes
TUt shrd Gaemrik RbcaMRbeTsNa nig CaebskCn Biess rbs elak
eTAelITItaMgExrRkhm enAkgExRt rtnKIrI . z 28 kk,da ; RbeTskmCa
RKabEbk eb 52 eTAelITItaMgev[tkug enAelITwkdIExr . semc neratm sIhnu
nIyk jwk CULg RbKl bJakarkgT&BexmrPUmin eTAo tmesnIy ln
379
380
RTgminylRBm. z 15 mkra ; ebskkm rbs elak GakasIu GktMNag
nl . z 14 sIha ; rdaPi:l ln nl (rdaPi:lsg<mraRsniym TI 25
nig cugeRkaybgs). KWWenAkg rdaPi:l enHehIy EdlGkGg<massIusuvti
sIhnu seRmc minvilRtLb mkkmCavij bnabBI vresniyk G)Mu maNUrwn
RbeTskmCa eTAelI RbeTskumynis. z 23 tula ; tmesnIy ln
mina ; vresniyk G)Mu manUrwn RtYvrdaPi:l ln nl cabbgMolaElgBImux
naM rdaPi:lCMnYs. z 26 Z ;rdmRnIxH enAkgrdaPi:lenH :nsMulaElg
tMENgRbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa ehIy cattaMgelak ecg ehg RbZanrd
z 28 Z ; smaCCati TI 28 nig cugeRkaybgs.
RbkasdakRbeTskmCa kgPaBGasn . shrd Gaemrik bJakza karTmak
sirimt;ecjmuxRbqaMg
edayRtg>
Etmg
nwgneya:yEpkvasna
rbs
nl RbmuxrdaPi:l ecjeTABa:leraK enARbeTs:raMg . RTgsirimt; dwk
BImuxtMENg edIm|IsMEdgkaresaHRtg rbseK cMeJHsemc neratm sIhnu.
1970; z 6 mkra semc neratm sIhnu Rbmuxrd n RbeTskmCa yag

eTARbeTs:raMg. z 11 mina ; :tukmRbCaCn ExRtsVayer[g RbqaMg nwg
vtman kgT&Bev[tkug enAelITwkdIExr . z 18 km;;
tmsnIy ln nl
RtLb mkkmCavij . z 27 kum;; enATIRkug:rIs semc neratm sIhnu
R:bza RBHGg< maneKalbMNg yageTA TIRkugmUs< nig RbeTscin edIm|sMuo

ev[tNam kumynis dkT&BecjBI RbeTskmCa . z 8_9 mina ; :tukm
RbqaMg nwg ev[tNamkumynisenAsVayer[g. . z 11_16 mina ; :tukm
RbqaMg nwg ev[tNamkumynis enATIRkugPMeBj. sanTUtev[t NamxageCIg
nig rdaPi:lbdivtbeNaHGasn (G.R.P.) RtUv:tukr vaykMeTc. z 12 mina
; semc neratm sIhnu ep\ITUrelxmYy mkPMeBj sMEdgkarminylRsb nwg

:tukmenaH. rdaPi:ltmesnIy ln
nl
esIsMuoTIRkughaNUy
dk
kgT&BecjBIRsukExr yagyUrbMputenAz 15 mina. z 13 mina ; semc
neratm sIhnu eZIVdMeNIrecjBIRbeTs:raMg eqaHeTATIRkugmUs<. munkarecj

dMeNIrenH RBHGg< BMuRBmTTYl KNRbtiPUmYy n rdaPi:ltmesnIy ln
nl dwknaMedayRBHGg<mas neratm knl eT . z 15
mina ; tesnIy
ln nl sMuCMnYy BIkgT&Bev[tNam xagt|g. z 16 mina ; semc neratm

381
min:nseRmcEpn kardk tmesnIy ln nl ecjBI rdaPi:l. z 17

tMENg . z 18 mina ; sPaTaMgBIr :nTmak semc neratm sIhnu ecjBI
sPa CaRbmuxrd CMnYs . z 19 mina ; rdaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl

semc neratm sIhnu manklN;RtwmRtUvtampvc|ab . enATIRkugPMeBj
yuvCn
nigbJvn
sMEdgkareBjcitcMeJHRBwtikarNenH.
semc
neratm
sIhnu ecjdMeNIr BITIRkugmUs< eqaHeTATIRkugebkaMg kgeKaledAeZIVkarts)U Ca

mYyExrRkhm
yuvCnrabmWunnak
naMKacUlkgCYrkgT&B
edIm|IRbyuT
nwg
kmaMgQanJn CaehtueZIVo cMnYnkgT&BtmesnIy ln nl ekIn BI 3 mWun
5 Jn nak eTA 15 mWunnak. z 23 mina ; enATIRkugebkaMg semc neratm
sIhnu RbkasR:bza RBHGg<beg,It rNsirmYy eQaHza rNsirrYbrYmCati

kmCa
(F.U.N.K.) edaymankarKaMRT BIRbeTscin nig RbeTsev[tNamxag
eCIg . Ez 24 mina ; semc neratm sIhnu GMJvnav o RbCaCnExr egIb

eLIgbHe:r RbqaMg nwg rbb ln nl . z 25 mina ; RksYgkarbreTsExr
esIebIkkarcrca CamYy TIRkughaNUy bneT[t enAz 27 mina . z 26

mina ;enAkgExRtkMBgcam mnusS RbmaN1 mWunnak :nRtUvExrRkhm nigBYk
ev[tkugbg,bxn bgMonaMKaeZIV :tukmKaMRT semc neratm sIhnu. z 27

mina ; RbeTs ev[tNamxageCIg nig Gg<karev[tkug RbcaMTIRkugPMeBjdkxn
ecjBIRbeTskmCa. z 27-28 mina ; enAPMeBj es[mrab kMBgcam nig
taEkv man :tukmd*ZMRbqaMg nwg rbb tmesnIy ln nl . karbRg,ab

382
:tukmenH eZIVomankarbgrQammYy d*ZM sem|ImGsar . h)U yn nig ex[v
z 17 mizuna ; sWn guk zaj emExresrI mkTIRkugPMeBj ehIyRtvEtg taMg
sMpn RbkasKaMRT semc neratm sIhnu . z 29 mina ; kgT&Bev[tkug nig
CaTIRbwkSa rbsnaykrdmRnI. z 5 kk,da ; tulakarswk TIRkugPMeBj kat
ev[tNamxageCIg vayRbhar eTAelI kgT&B tmsenIy ln nl edayKan
eTas semc neratm sIhnu edaykM:Mgmux. z 23 kk,da ; tmesnIy
karRbkassRg<am. edImExemsa ; sRg<amrvag RbeTsev[tNam xageCIg
ln nl sMuCMunYy eyaZaBIRbeTsz. z 31 kk,da ;ynehaHGaemrik Tmak
TIRkugPMeBj. z 20 emsa ; tesnIy ln nl esIsMuCMnYyeyaZa Capv
n kgT&BGaemrik enARbeTskmCa. z 10 sIha ; rNsirrYbrYmCatikmCa
nigev[tkugcabepIm . kgT&Bev[tNamxageCIg nig ev[tkug vaysRmukeqaHeTA

karBIshrd Gaemrik . z 23 emsa ; Epnkarvayyk TIRkugPMeBj eday
RKabEbkNa:l eTAelIxgrab nig TIRkugKIrIrm. enHCakarcabepImkarRbyuT
RbkasR:bza BYkeK RKbRKg 50 PaKry n TwkdIExr . z 17
sIha ;
kmaMg kgT&Bev{tNamxageCIg nig ev[tkug :nTTYlbraC&yTaMgRsug . z
tulakarswkTIRkug PMeBj kateTas GkmagmUnic Priyarbs semc neratm
sPa ; kgT&BGakas
karpasbr KN;rdmRnI enAkg rdaPi:lrYbrYmCatikmCa edIm|I bJlBYkExr
29 emsa ; kgT&Bev[tNamxagt|g nigGaemrik cUlmkkgTwkdIExr . z 1
nig rzeRkaH Gaemrik eZIVkarvayRbhar eTAelIemmt
sIhnu eday kM:Mgmux oCabeTasmYyCIvit BI bTk|tCati . z 20 sIha ;
nigsl kgExRtkMBgcam . z 5 sPa ; enATIRkugebkaMg semc neratm
Rkhm. ExkJa ;Rbtibtikarswk ecnLa edIm|IebIkpvCatielx6 okgT&B
(G.R.U.N.K.). RbeTsz nig RbeTskmCa dakcMNgTUteLIgvij. z 16-
vicika ; sSr;Exr Edl:nRtUvbJneTAev[tNam eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkug
odkkmaMg kgT&B breTsTaMgGs ecjBIRbeTskmCa. enAzenaHg yn
mij.
sIhnu
beg,It rdaPi:l nireTs RbsiTinamza raCrdaPi:lrYbrYmCatikmCa
17 mina ; snisITGnrCatimYy enATIRkugyakarta RbeTsNeNsIu TamTar
ehaH RbeTsev[tNamxagt|g :nTmakRKabEbkeTAelIsklviTal&y kMBg
cam. z 20 sPa ; kaEst RbeTscinzI :ncuHpSay Bt(manmYy R:b

za elak h)U yn dwknaMkarts)U enAEpktr ehIy elak ex[v
sMpn enAEpk
bUJ( . z 26 sPa ; shrd Gaemrik plCMnYy CasmareyaZa eTAoExr
KitCaTwkR:k RbmaN 7 lan 5 Esn dular . z 30 sPa ; rdaPi:l
ln nl Rbkasc|abswk bEnmBIelI karRbkas dakRbeTs enAkg PaBGa
sn . Ex mizuna ; saLt sr vilBITIRkughaNUy mk rtnKIrI vij ehIyeTA
taMgesnaZikardan enARsuksnk ExRtkMBgZM EdleKkMNtehAza tMbn 31.

383
tmesnIy ln nl. z 9 tula; zRbkas rbb saZarNrdExr . Ex
hSWENv qaM 1954 RtUvTIRkughaNUy bJn mkRsukExrvij tampvlM hU CI
1971 ; z 13 kum; ; tmesnIy ln nl EdlmanCmWsabmYycMeh[g
xn ecjdMeNIr eTABa:leraK enA hav . z 2 emsa ; tmesnIy ln
nl RtLbmkRsukExrvij. z 21 emsa ; rdaPi:l tmesnIy ln nl

laElgBImuxtMENg ehIytmesnIy ln nl :nTTYlgar CaesnaRbmux.
z 3 sPa ; rdaPi:lzI rbs tmesnIy ln nl buEn GMNacTaMgGs
RtUvRbKl eTAoGkGg<mas sirimt; . Ex kk,da ; Gg<kar ExrRkhm er[bcM
KN;kmaZikar mCimbkSzI . KW cabtaMgBIeBlenaHmkehIy EdlbkSkmy
niskmCa dakeQaHtMbnEdleKkankab CaelxsMKalEtmg. z 20 sIha ;

384
karcabepIm Rbtibtikarswk ecnLa TI 2 . z 30 sIha ; mhasni:tTI 3
mizuna ; karbeg,It KNbkS neya:y edIm|Ier[bcM kare:HeqatsPa . elak
n bkSkmyniskmCa . KWenAeBlenaHehIy Edl bkSkumyniskmCa
esnaRbmux ln nl beg,ItKNbkS sg<msaZarNrd GkGg<massIusuvti
:nkMNtyk RbeTsev[tNam Ca sRtUvTI 1 . z 16 tula ; Rbmuxrd n
sirimt;begI,t KNbkSGksaZarNrd elak Giun taM nig ecA esA beg,It
tamry;RkwtmYy . z 20 tula ; karRbkasdakRbeTs kgPaBGasn sa
e:Heqat eRJHminylRsb nwgc|abe:Heqat EdleRt{moelak esnaRbmux
esrIPaB CamUldan :nRtYvkatbny . z 3 Z ; Rbtibtikarswk ecnLa TI
:ndakeQaHxneK za Gg<kar taMgBI z 19 mina qaM 1971 mk tRmUvo
RbeTskmCa ERbkay rdsPa EdlEtgtaMgenAqaM 1966 oeTACasPaZmnuJ
CazImgeT[t . RbeTsTaMgmUlRtUvRKbRKg edaykarecjRkwtRtg> Etmg.

2 :nTTYl braC&yTaMgRsug.
1972 ; z 5 kum; ; r:ykarNmYy rbs RBwTsPa shrd Gaemrik sIBI

sPaBkarN n CneP[sxnExr bJakza CneP[sxnExr EdlKanCRmk man
cMnYn 2 lannak. z 10 mina ; :tukmnisSit bMpus bMpul eday ln Nun
bn Rbusrbs tmesnIy ln nl TamTaro GkGg<massirimt; laElg

BImuxtMENg naykrdmRnI . z 12 mina ; GkGg<mas sIusuvti sirimt; la
Elg BImuxtMENg . z 16 mina ; GkGg<mas sirimt; RbkasdkxnecjBI

CIvitneya:y. z 20 mina ; rdaPi:l sWn guk zan. z 26-27 ; :tukm
nisSit sMEdgkarmineBjcit niwg neya:y rbs rdaPi:l Edl:nsmab
nig eZIVomnusS Cag 30 nak sab nig RtUvrbYs ehIyEdleZIVo yuvCn mYy
cMnYn rteTAcUlrNsir rYbrYmCatikmCa. z 30 emsa ; RbCamti saksYr
RbCaCnza etIeBjcit nwgrdZmnuJ n rbbzI k*mineBjcit :nRtUver[bcM
eLIg. z 10 sPa ; karRbkas oeRbIrdZmnuJzI. GkGg<mas sirimt;
RtUvEtgtaMg CaTIRbwkSaBiess rbs esnaRbmux ln nl. z 4 mizuna ;
KNbkS RbCaZibety . elak Giun taM nig ecA esA minRBmcUlrYmkgkar
ln nl QHmun kare:Heqat eTAeT[t. Ex kk,da ; bkSkumyniskmCa Edl

RbCaCn enAkgtMbn EdleKkankab es{kJk exaGavBN(exA . manEttMbn
Edl esa Pwm RKbRKg bueNaH EdlminRBmGnuvt bTbJaenH rbs Gg<kar.
z 21 sIha ; elak sWn guk zan RtUveKbunbgeZIVXat . z 3 kJa ; kar

e:HeqatsPa . KNbkS sg<msaZarNrd rbs elak esnaRbmux ln
nl :nTTYl 126 Gasn;. z 17 kJa ; kare:HeqatRBwTsPa. KNbkS
sg<msaZarNrd yk:nGasn;TaMgGs 40. tmesnIy sU xaMKy :n

RtYvEtgtaMg CaRbZan n Gg<karenH. z 6-7 tula ; san eRCaycgVa
:nRtUvkgkumgdUmYy rbs BYkev[tNam xageCIg dakRKabEbkbMpaj . z
14 tula ; rdaPi:l sWn guk zaj laElgBImuxtMENg. z 17 tula ;
elak hgS Zun hak GtItGkts)UPMdgErk CamYyelak sWn guk zaj
:nRtUvEtgtaMg CanaykrdmRnI . z 22 tula ; elak hgrIu KIsSIgEh<r
TIRbwkSarbs elak RbZanaZibtI Gaemrik mkTIRkugPMeBj. z 22 Z ; em
kumynis KNbkS RbCaCnbdivtkmCa TTYlmrNPaB enATIRkugebkaMg.
eG[g sarI nig Priya k*:neTAcUlrYm kgBiZIbuNexacEdr .
kare:Heqat RbZanaZibtI . esnaRbmux ln nl :nTTYl 55 PaKry n
1973 ; z 1 mkra ; elakRbZanaZibtI ln nl Rcanecal karcrca Ca
385
386
snwkeqat. elak
Giun taM 24 PaKry elak Ekv Gn 21 PaKry. Ex
mYy semc nerat sIhnu. z 21-27 mkra ; CMnYb rvagbkSkmynis kmCa
nigbkSkumuynisev[tNam
bkSkumynis
ev[tNam
R:bbkSkumynis
5 Z ;Gg<kar shRbCaCati BnaeBlmYyqaM karCECkBiPakSa sIBI karpl
kmCa GMB IGtn&y nkicRBmeRB{gTIRkug:rIs rvagev[tNam nig shrd Ga
Gasn;eTAoRbeTskmCa. z 7 Z ; rdaPi:l Giun taM laElgBImuxtMENg.
emrik. buEn bkSkumyniskmCa BMuylRBm eZIVkarcrca CamYy Gaemrik tam
z 26 Z ; rdaPi:l Lg bUert.
esckIesI rbs ev[tNameT . ev[tNam seRmcQbplsmareyaZa eTAo

ExrRkhmeT[t. z 27 mkra ; karcuHhtelxa kicRBmeRB{g TIRkug:rIs
sIBI RbeTsev[tNam. tamry;kicRBmeRB{genaH RbeTsev[tNamxageCIg
snaza nwg dkkgT&B bnicmg> ecjBIRbeTskmCa . z 8 kum; ; Gaemrik
cabepImTmakRKabEbk yagxaMg rhUtdl z 15 sIha . Ex kum; ; semc
sIhnu yagmk TIRkughaNYy bnabmk eTAtMbnrMedaH enARsukExr . z 17
mina ; vimanRbmuxrd cMkarmn :nRtUvynehaHmYy TmakRKabEbk . GkebIk

ynehaHenaHCaRBHZItubtI (kUnRbsaRbusa) rbssemcneratm sIhnu. mnusS
47 nak :tbgCIvit buEn elakRbZanaZibtI ln nl :neKcputBIeRKaHzak.

mnusSRtUvCabsgS&y CaeRcIn :nRtUvcabxn CaBiesssmaCik raCvgSanuvgS.
z 23 mina ; semc sIhnu, Gkmag mUnic, elak h)U yn, h)U nwm, ex[v
sMpn, sun esn, saLt sr CYbCMuKaenAPMKUEln edIm|IR:rBxYbTI 3 n rN

sirrUbrYmCatikmCa. z 17 emsa ; rdaPi:l hgS Zun hak laElg BImux
tMENg . z 15 sPa ; rdaPi:l Giun taM . z 12 sIha ; enAkgbT

smasnmYy CamYy GkkaEst GUrIyaNa hVlLasIu
sarBt(man jIvykEzm
(Oriana Fallaci) n
(New york Times) semc neratm sIhnu :nEzgza
; eBlExrRhm ElgRtUvkarx\M eKnwgxakxMe\ cal dUcxakRKabEpsWrIsGIucwg.
15 sIha ; Gaemrik QbTmakRKabEbk. Ex kJa ; enATIRkug:rIs
elak suim va beg,Itclna mUlExr . z 22 tula ; rdaPi:l TI 2 rbs
elak Giun taM . z 5 vicika ; mhakSRtIyanI kusm; yageTATIRkugebkaMg. z

387
1974 ; z 26 mkra ;RKabrUEktcabepImZakCaer]y> eTAelITIRkug PMeBj.

z 11 kum; ; BYkkumynis EdleKehAza kmaMgkgT&B RbCaCn rMedaHCati
kmCa
(F.A.P.L.N.K.) :nepagRKabkaMePIgZM eTAelI TIRkugPMeBj . z 18
mina ; kgT&BExrRkhm eRkambJakar rbsta muk nig Ek eJk vayyk

TIRkugdug< :n . z 21 sPa ; RKUbeRg{n saRsacar nig nisSit Ca
eRcIn EdleZIV:tukm RbqaMg nwgrdaPi:l :nRtUvcabxn. z 4 mizuna ; rd
mRnIGbrMCati Ekv sg<wm nig elak zac Ca TIRbwkSarbselak :nRtUveKeZIV
Xat enAkgrbg viTal&y 18 mina GtItviTal&yyuKnr . z 16 mizuna ;
rdaPi:l TI 2 rbs elak Lg bUert. z 9 kk,da ; kgT&B saZarNrdExr
vay ykdug< :nvij. kGK<rdTUt shrd Gaemrik yUn h<nETrDIn TTUc o
elakRbZanaZibtI ln nl crcaCamYyExrmageT[t edayKandak lkxNGIV

CamunTaMgGs. enATIbMput elak ln nl ylRBmesI omankarcrca. buEn
semc sIhnu minTTYlyk esckIesIenH Cadacxat . semc neratm sIhnu
Ezgza ; RBHGg< niwg vilmkPMeBjvij luHNaEt edjRbCaCnecjoGs BI
PMeBjsin
(daprs Raoul M. Jennar, Les cls du Cambodge, Edit.
Maisonneuve & Larose, Pais 1995, p. 75). z 9 tula ; elak RbZanaZibtI
ln nl bJakBI karrkSaeKalCMhr rbs elak na z 9 kk,da dEdl. z

28
vicika ;
Gasn;RbeTskmCa
enAGg<kar
shRbCaCati :nRtUvrkSaTuk
osaZarNrdExrdEdl. z 30 vicika ; elak RbZanaZibtI ln nl bJak
BIeKalCMhr crca rbs elak naz 9 kk,da nig 9 tula sa CazIeT[t . z

388
16 Z ; elak RbZanaZibtI :raMg veLrIu sIs,ard eds saMg GMJvnavsMuo
RkugTaMgGsKansl. z 24 emsa ; bul Bt mkdlPMeBj bnabBI:n
KUPaKIExrTaMgBIr eZIVkarcrca .
cakecj BI TIRkugenH kalBI 12 qaMmun (1963) . z 25-27 emsa ; mha
1975 ; Ex mkra ; karcabepIm vayluk TIRkugPMeBj eday BYkkumynis
sni:tCati Biess n bkSkumynis kmCa . RbtiPU 311 nak :ncUlrYm.
katpacpvTwk Tenemkug edIm|Ipaces|{gGkrsenATIRkugPMeBj. z 24-25
RtUvRbKl mk semc neratm sIhnu . smasPaB raCrdaPi:lrYbrYmCati
RbCMu mankarExVgKMnitKa cMeJH viZankarmYycMnYn EdlRtUvGnuvt enAeBlyk
kSRtIyanIkusm; cUlCIvg<t enATIRkugebkaMg . z 27 emsa ; enATIRukug:rIs
eJlKW kmaMgkgT&BRbCaCn rMedaHCatikmCa . z 5 kum; ; BYkExrRkhm
RbeTskmCaman eQaHCapvkarzakmCaRbCaZibety. muxnaTIRbmuxrd :n
kum; ; mhasni:t rNsirrYbrYmCati kmCa CamYy bkSkumyniskmCa. Gg<
RtUvrkSa Tuksin ehIyman elak Ebn nut CaRbmux. z 27 emsa ; RBHmha
PMeBj:n dUcCa karlubrUbiyvtecal bJaRbeTsev[tNam CaedIm. enAkg
smaKmmYy maneQaHza smaKmExr :bRtUvbegI,t ehIyman elak sWn
bJIvrCn EdlRtUvcatTukCaxaMg ehIy RtUvkateTasRbharCIvit man eQaH ?
san CaRbZan nig elak eRT]g malI CaGK<elxaZikar . z 30 emsa ; enA
bUert. z 21 mina ; rdaPi:l Lg bUert TI 3 . z 27 mina ; shPaB sU
cMnYn 600 nak Edl:neTAsMuRCkekan enAsanTUt:raMg :nRtUv dwktam rz
nl RBmTaMgRKYsar cakecjBI RbeTskmCa . elak sU xaMKy RbZanRBwT
ekaHPU kuk. z 8 s Pa ; ExrRkhm vayRbhareTAelI ExRtev[tNam 2
ln nl, sirimt;, Giun taM, ecg ehg suEsn EhVrNgeds, ln Nun, Lg
ev[tNam BYkkumynis vayykTIRkugsayh,n:n. enARbeTskmCa mnusS
ev[t packarTUt CamYysaZarNrdExr . z 1 emsa ; elakesnaRbmux ln
yn kam\g eqaHeTA RbeTsz. z 4 sPa ; ExrRkhm vayRbhareTAelI
sPa RtUvEtgtaMgCaRbmuxrdsITI. enAz dEdlenaH kmaMg kgT&BRbCaCn rMedaH
KW ? ha eT[n nig tay nij . z 10 sPa ; ExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelI
sannIyynehaH eJZicing RtUvRKabepagZakcMCabrhUt. z 12 emsa ; k
Gaemrik.
naMKarteLIgtmaKcRk cakecj BITIRkugPMeBj. mnusSRbmaN Cag 10 nak
TTYlyk maKa( 8 cMNuc rbs bdivtn ? 1) Cem{sRbCaCn Ca GcieRny
TaMgmUl RtUvCMnYsedayKN;kmaZikar CanxsmYy dwknaM eday tmesnIy
ecal - 4) pSwkRBHsg ehIybgM oeZIVkarbg,beg,Itpl - 5) smabmRnI n
CatikmCa niyayocM KWBYkExrRkhm vayyk Gkel]g :n. z 2 emsa ;

GK<rdTUt shrd Gaemrik yUn h<nETr DIn RBmTaMg buK<liksanTUt TaMgGs
enA kgenaHman tmesnIy sU xaMKy pgEdr k*eTACamYyEdr. rdaPi:l
ekaH zU CU . z 12 sPa ; ExrRkhm cabk:l mayaeh<s rbs

z
19
sPa ;
semc
sIhnu
yageTAKgenATIRkugBgyag
RbeTskUerxageCIg. z 20-25 sPa ; mIuTIg enA burIkILa TIRkugPMeBj edIm|I

oecjGs BI TIRkug - 2) EbgEckRbCaCnCa 2 RbePT - 3) lubrUbiyvt
saks)ut saxn. z 13 emsa ; BYkExrRkhm vayyksanIyynehaH
rbb saZarNrdExr ecalTaMgGs-6) beg,ItshkrN enAkgTUTaMgRbeTs
emsa ; BYkExrRkhm vayykTIRkugPMeBj:n. RbCaCnRtUvCem{secj BITI
tamTlEdn CaBiessTlEdnev[tNam.
eJZicing:n. z 15 emsa ; taexA ZakeTAkgd BYkkumynis. z 17
389
- 7) edjCnCatiev[tNam oecjGsBIRsukExr-8) eZIVskmPaB kgT&B enA
390
z 21 sPa ; karRyuTKamYyenA
ekaHkug rvag kgT&BRB rNsir rYbrYmCati mYyRkum nwg kgT&B Gg<karExr
Cag 10 rYmbJl TaMgRbeTs:raMgpg RBHGg< yageTATIRkugBgyagEtmg.
Rkhm vayykekaHkug buEn kgT&BRB dwknaM eday eT[ :j RbqaMg nwg Gg<
Ex vicika ; GkkarTUt rbs rNsirrYbrYmCatikmCa enAeRkARbeTs TaMg
Rkhm. z 25 sPa ; kgT&Bev[tNam vayykekaH zU CU vij. BYkExr
z 30 kJa ; enARbeTskmCa mIu pU GkbdivteCIgcasmak :nRtUvcabxn.
kar rbs bul Bt :nts)URbyuT rhUtdl z 7 mkra qaM 1979. z 21
bunan :nRtYvGg<karExrRkhm ehAocUlmkRsukvij. PaKeRcIn:txnrhUt.
mizuna ; kgT&Bev[tNam mktaMgTI enA ekaH BULv . z 18 kk,da ; elak
rbs bkS kumynis kmCa. z 31 Z ; semc neratm sIhnu yagmkRsuk
mizuna ; CMnYbsmat rvag emA esTug nig saLt sr enATIRkugebkaMg . z 5

sarwn qak nig elak CYn RbsiTi eZIVdMeNIr eTATIRkugBgyag edIm|Iyagsemc
sIhnu mkRsukExrvij buEn semc sIhnu minRBmdacxat. Ex sIha ; TMnas
rvag elak h)U yn nig bul Bt sIBI bJa vayRbhar RbeTsev[tNam.

z 2 sIha ; ev[tNam RbKlekaH BULv mkoExrvij. z 5 sIha ;
TsSnkicpvkar ebs eG[g sarI nig ex[v sMpn enATIRkugebkaMg . z 10
sIha ;elak EL y&n GK<elxaZikarbkSkumynisev[tNammkTIRkugPMeBj.

bJaRBMRbTl :nRtUvedaHRsay . z 18 sIha ; elak Ebn nut nig ex[v
sMpn mkTIRkugebkaMg. cin snaplCMnYyCaeRcIn mkorbbExrRkhm. z
19 sIha ; elak Ebn nut nig ex[v sMpn mkTIRkugBgyag ehIyesIsMuo
semc sIhnu eZIVCaRbmuxrd GsmYyCIvit . mgenH semc sIhnu TTYlyl
RBm. z 2 kJa ; semc neratm sIhnu yagmkTIRkughaNUy. z 9
kJa ; semc neratm sIhnu yagmkPMeBj ehIy dwknaM Gg<RbCMu RkumRbwkSa

rdmRnIExrRkhm. RBHGg<esIsMuGg<karExrRkhm ykZatuRBHmhakSRtIyanI eTA
tm,lenA Gg<r buEn BMu:nTTYlkarGnuJateLIy . z 20 kJa ; CneP[sxn
Edl:nmkdlRbeTsz naMKabwgGg<kar shRbCaCati GMBIGMeBIygXg rbs

BYkExrRkhm. enAzdEdlenaH semc neratm sIhnu yageTATIRkugjIvyk
cUlrYmGg<RbCMu Gg<kar shRbCaCati . bnabBIeZIVTsSnkicenAkgRbeTs cMnYn

391
Ex Z ; TMnasRBMRbTl CamYyz .
z 14-19 Z ; sni:tCatielIk TI 3
Exrvij.
1976 ; z 5 mkra ; rdZmnuJ n rbbkmCa RbCaZibety RtUvRbkas
oeRbI . Ex mkra ; TsSnkic rbs semc sIhnu Gkmag mUnic nig ex[v
sMpn enAExRtkMBgcam. z 6 kum; ; karcuHhtelxa eTAelIkicRBmeRB{g
eyaZasmat rvag rbbkmCa RbCaZibety nig RbeTscin . z 2 emsa ;
semcneratm sIhnu laElg BImuxtMENg Rbmuxrd. ex[v sMpn RtUvEtgtaMg
CaRbmuxrd . cMENk semc sIhnu RtUvExrRkhm dakXMuXaMg kgraCvaMg. z

6
emsa ;
elak
Ebn
nut
laElgBImuxtMENg
naykrdmRnI.
14
emsa ; rdaPi:l bul Bt. Ex emsa-sPa ; karbunbg vayrMlM bul
Bt :nRtUv bul Bt dwgTan . z 20 sIha ; KN;tMbn PUmiPaKbUJ( eQaH
QUk RtUvcabxn. z 30 sIha ; kicRBmeRB{gBaNiCkm CamYyRbeTsz.

Ex kJa ; karcabepIm e:ssMGat Cnk|t enAkg pbkS kumynis kmCa .
z 25 kJa ; Ekv mas RtUvcabxn ehIy sabenA Kuk TYl Esg mYyEx
eRkaymk . z 27 kJa ; bul Bt eZIVButCaQW ehIy EtgtaMg nYn Ca o

eZIVCa naykrdmRnI CMnYs . z 15 tula ; Ekv munI RtUvcabxn . bul Bt
vilmkkan tYnaTI CanaykrdmRnIvij . z 1 vicika ; ng sYn rdmRnIksikm
392
RtUvcabxn . z 29 Z ; es[n Gan GtItkGK<rdTUt rdaPi:l rYbrYmCati
bnic. enAkgOkasenaH bul Bt minoelakRsI CYb semc sIhnu eT . z
1977 ; z 4-11 mkra ; kgT&BExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelIPUmiev[t
kmaPi:lZM> CaExSsgVak enAtamPUmiPaKbsim tr nig bUJ(. z 29 mina ;
kmCa RbcaMTIRkughaNUy nigebkaMg RtUvcabxn.
Nam mYycMnYn enAkgExRt Lg Gan, eK[n yag, tay nij, dak Lak nig
dug zab . z 15-18 mkra ; kgT&BExrRkhm vayRbhar eTAelIPUmi ev[t

Nam enAkgExRt TaMg 5 xagelIenH
RbmTaMg kgExRt Gan yag pgEdr. z
25 mkra ; kuy ZYn rdmRnIhirJvt nig JNiCkm RtUvcabxn. z 26 mkra
; rdmRnI saZarNkar TUc eP]n RtUvcabxn . z 28-29 mkra ; kgT&B
ExrRkhm vayRbhareTAelIPUmiz :Gan ngeda, :Gan kgeka nig :Gan
Ny :r kgRsuk GrJ:ezt . Ex kum; ; mankarbunbg vayrMlM bul Bt

mgeT[t . er]genH bNaloman kare:ssMGat Cnk|tpkg yagxaMgka
EzmeT[t . rdmRnImak eQaH es] eD]m :nRtUvcabxn. z 14 mina ; elak
ePaK qay GtItRbZan smaKm mitPaB cin-Exr RtUvcabxn.
z 10 emsa
; elak h)U nwm rdmRnIeXasnakarRtUvcabxn. z 6 mizuna ; TIv Gul RtUv
cabxn. Ex vicika ; esa Pwm KN;PUmiPaKbUJ( er[bcMEpnkar RbqaMg nwg bul

Bt . z 25 Z ; karvayRbhar n kgT&Bev[tNam. z 31 Z ; bul Bt
pac TMnakTMngkarTUt CamYy ev[tNam. cin bJnsmareyaZa d*snwksnab

mkoExrRkhm.
1978;
1978 z 6 mkra ; ExrRkhmvaybk eTAelIRbeTsev[tNamvij.
kgT&Bev[tNam dkzy TukEtkEngxHbueNaH. CnCatiExrRbmaN 10 mWunnak
naMKarteTAev[tNam. z 18 mkra ; elakRsI etg ywnecA Priyaemmay
rbs elak CU eGn Lay mkRbeTskmCa edIm|IR:b ExrRkhmza obnrd
393
26 mina ; CU cit elxatMbnbsim RtUvcabxn . enHCa karcabepImcabxn
kgT&Bev[tNam vaycUlmkdl taEkv nig kMBt edayman rzeRkaH CaCMnYy

EzmeT[t. z 3 emsa ; viTTIRkughaNUy CaPasaExr GMJvnav oExr
egIbeLIgbHe:r RbqaMg nwgExrRkhm. z 22 emsa ; ev[tNam er[bcM kg
BltUc sRmab vayRbharExrRkhm. z 24 sPa ; bul Bt bJnkgT&B
edaymanezeRkaH CaCMnYypg eTAcabGkRbqaMg enAPUmiPaKbUJ(. KW enAeBl

enaHehIy Edlman karbgrQammYy d*ZMsem|Im. Gk:tbgCivit mancMnYn
10 mWunnak.
z 3 mizuna ; esa Pwm eZIVGtXat . elak ehg sMrwn rteTA
ev[tNam. z 11 mizuna ; elak jwm rs GkTTYlxusRtUvPUmiPaKsan
RtUvcabxn. z 12 mizuna ; eG[gsarI mkTIRkugtUk ez,aleTasza Gg<kar es

GIu Ga nig ev[tNam er[bcMkMeTc rbbkmCa RbCaZibety. z 26-28 mizuna
; ev[tNam eZIVkarvaylukmYy d* sMxan mkkgRbeTskmCa . z 8 kJa ;
karvayRbhar n kgT&BGakas ev[tNam . Ex vicika ; vn evt bnaykrd
mRnIRtUvcabxn. z 2 Z ; ExrRkhmRbqaMg nwg bul Bt mkCYbCMu KaenAsl
ehIy beg,It rNsirsrRg<aHCatikmCa eRkamkardwknaM rbs elak ehg

sMrwn . z 22 Z ; Xatkm eTAelIGkRsavRCav GgeKsmakeQaH malxum
kadEvl
(Malcom Cadwell) Edl:nmk RbeTskmCa CamYyGkkaEst
Gaemrik 2 nak KW elakRsI eGlIsaEbt ebEKr

Dutman
(Elisabeth Becker) nig day
(Dick Dudman) . malxum kadEvl Ca mitmak rbs bul Bt.
XatkmenH CaGaz(kM:MgmYyd*ZM t|it bul Bt nig malxum BMumanTMnasGIV nwg
KaeLIy. z 25 Z ; ev[tNam eZIVkarvayRbhar kgRTgRTaymYy d*ZM

394
eTAelI kgT&BExrRkhm edayman kgT&B 10 mWun nak xagev[tNam bUkrYmCa
neratm sIhnu ecjeZIVGnraKmn enAGg<kar shRbCaCati tagnamo rbb
Z ; ExRtRkecH :nRtUvrMedaHecjBI ExrRkhm.
rbb
mYykmaMg rNsir seRg<aHCatikmCa Edlman yuTCn 2 mWunnak. z 30
1979 ; z 1 mkra ; enAeBlEdl kgT&Bev[tNam vaysMedA yk TIRkug
PMeBj BYkExrRkhm :nnaM semc neratm sIhnu eTAlakTuk enA:tdMbg

bnabmk enAsIusupun. z 2 mkra ; kgkumgdU ev[tNam Edlman ebskkm
rMedaHsemc neratm sIhnu BI kNabd ExrRkhm :nTTYlbraC&y . z 3
mkra ; ExRtswgERtg :nRtUvrMedaHecjBIExrRkhm. z 4 mkra ; kgT&B
ev[tNam kankabeRtIyxagekIt n Ten emkug TaMgGs. z 5 mkra ; ExRt

taEkv:nRtUvrMedaHecjBI ExrRkhm. semc nerat sIhnu yagmkPMeBj
vij. enA lacz dEdlenaH RBHGg< CYbsnna CamYy bul Bt enAvimanrdaPi

:l. enAemmt smaCiknana n rNsirseRg<aHCatikmCa ebIk mhasni
:t mYyEdleKcatTukzaCa
mhasni:tTI 3 n clna kumynisExr . z
6 mkra ; ExRtkMBgcam :nRtYvrMedaHecjBI ExrRkhm . karcakecjdMeNIr
rbs semc neratm sIhnu RBmTaMgRKYsar nigelak Ebn nut eqaHeTA TIRkug
ebkaMg tamynehaHcinmYy Edl rdaPi:lcin :nbJnmk Cabnan . z 7
mkra ; kgT&Bev[tNam nigrNsirseRg<aHCatikmCa :nmkdlTIRkugPMeBj.

rbb ExrRkhm RtUvrlMrlay. BYkemExrRkhm rteTARbeTsz tamreTHePIg
nig tamtmaKcRk. karvayrMlM rbbExrRkhmenH RtUvshKmnGnrCati cat
TukzaCa karQanJn rbs ev[tNam mkelITwkdIExr. z 8 mkra ; eday
kmCaRbCaZibety rbs ExrRkhm. z 12 mkra; karcabkMeNIt n

saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa.
13
mkra
RkumRbwkSasnisux
Gg<kar shRbCaCati tRmUvoman kardkkgT&BbreTsTaMgGs ecjBIRbeTs

kmCa ehIy catTukza rbbkmCa RbCaZibety rbs ExrRkhm CardaPi:l
RtwmRtUv nRbeTskmCa . z 14 mkra ; semc neratm sIhnu eKcecj BI
karXaMemIl rbs KNRbtiPU ExrRkhm ehIy esIsMu sTiRCkekanneya:y

BI
shrd
Gaemrik.
buEn
shrd
Gaemrik
BMuh)anplsTienHzVaysemc
sIhnu eLIy eRJH xaceZIVobH Jl dlTMnakTMng karTUt CamYycin. enA GU
ta:v RbeTszenaHvij cin nig z cuHkicRBmeRB{gsmatmYy edIm|IKaMRT

skmPaB ExrRkhm. z 25 mkra; semc sIhnu :nEzgza RBHGg< :n
pacxn ecjBI ExrRkhm.
cugExkum; ; elak etg s)av BIg yagsemc
neratm sIhnu ovileTAKg enATIRkugebkaMg vij . z 15-19 sIha ; rdaPi
:lbeNaHGasn RkumRbwkSaRbCaCn bdivtkmCa KaMRTeday TIRkughaNUy
beg,It tulakar kateTasedaykM:Mgmux bul Bt, eG[g sarI BI bTRbl&y

BUCsasn. z 9 tula ; karbeg,It rNsirCati rMedaH BlrdExr
(F.N.L.
P.K.) Edlman elak sWn san CaGkdwknaM . z 12 tula ; CMnYb enATIRkug
mUs< rvag elak Ebn suvN GnuRbZan RkumRbwkSa RbCaCn bdivt kmCa nig
elak eRbseNhV elxaTI 1 n bkSkumynis shPaB sUev[t .
1980 ; z 5 mina ; karcrca rvag semc sIhnu nigex[v sMpn. semc
mankarKaMRTBIkgT&Bev[tNamrNsirseRg<aHCatikmCa beg,ItrdaPi:lbeNaH
sIhnu esIobeg,ItrNsirEtmYyRbqaMgnwgev[tNam. ExrRkhm BMuRBm eRJH
sMrwn CaRbZan nig elak Ebn suvN CaGnuRbZan.
Nam dkkgT&B. z 20 mina ; R:ker[l:nRtUvdakoeRbIsaCazI enARbeTs
GasnmYy maneQaHza RkumRbwkSaRbCaCnbdivtkmCa Edlman elak ehg
395
z 11 mkra ; semc
semc sIhnu k*:nesI oRkumExrTaMgGs dakGavuZpgEdr enAeBlEdlev[t
396
kmCa. z 22 mizuna ; kgT&B ev[tNam vayRbhareTAelItMbnEdl Exr
ev[tNam. z 5-11 kum; ; Gg<RbCMuelIk TI 2 n rdsPa. elak can sIu
Rkhmkankab ehIyqgkatTlEdnz . z 7 kk,da ; RbeTsNa TTYl
RtUvRtgtaMg Ca rdmRnI TI 1 CMnYselak Ebn suvN EdlRtUvbJneTAXMuXaMg
s<al saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa. z 22 tula ; mhasni:tGg<kar sh
enAev[tNam. z 27 kum; ; enATIRkughSWENv KN;kmkarsiTimnusS Gg<kar
dkkgT&BecjBIRsukExr eday 97 sMeLg (20 sMeLgRbqaMg 22 sMeLg
catTukza CakarrMelaPsTimnusS . z 16 sPa ; TIRkughaNUy nig TIRkug
RbCaCati Gnum&t esckIesckIseRmccit rbs Gas)an EdltRmUvoev[tNam

Gnub|vaT) .
1981 ; z 8 kum; ; semc neratm sIhnu Ezgza RBHGg< eRt{mlkN;
CaeRsc edIm|IdwknaM kmaMgTaMgGs EdlRbqaMg nwg vtman kgT&Bev[tNam
enAelI TwkdIExr . z 26 mina ; karbeg,It clna raCaniym hVunsinebc
(F.U.N.C.I.N.P.E.C.) enATIRkug:rIs . z 1 sPa ; rbb saZarNrdRbCa

manitukmCa e:HeqateRCIstaMgrdsPa
(117 Gsn; 148 ebkCn). z 26-
29 sPa ; mhasni:tTI 4 n bkSRbCaCn bdivt kmCa . elak Ebn
shRbCaCati ez,aleTas karQanJnTwkdIExr rday kgT&Bev[tNam ehIy
PMeBj esIodakGasn;kmCa enAGg<kar shRbCaCati enATMenr. z 7 kk,da

; karcuHhtelxa enATIRkug hU Cimij eTAelI snisJa Edn smuRT rvag
saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa nig RbeTsev[tNam. z 15 kk,da ; ev[tNam
dkkgT&BmYyEpk ecjBIRbeTskmCa . z 19 kk,da ; karcabepImksag
kMEpg k 5 EdlekNmnusS yagsnwksnab eTAksag RbB&nkarJr
TbTl nwg ExrRkhm.
1983 ; z 6 mina ; semc neratm sIhnu ez,aleTas clna mincUl
suvN :nRtUvEtgtaMgCa Gk<elxaZikarbkS. z 24 mizuna ; RbCMueBjGg<
bkSsm&n Edl:nesIsMu oTuk Gasn;kmCa enA Gg<kar shRbCaCati enA
sIum :nRtUvEtgtaMg CaRbZanrdsPa elak ehg sMrwn Ca RbZanRkumRbwkSard
rMedaHExr CaBiess eTAelICMrM GU sac xagRkum rbs semc sIhnu nig enA
elIkdMbUgbgs n rdsPa n rbbsaZarNrd RbCamanitukmCa . elak Ca

nig elak Ebn suvN CardmRnITI 1 . z 9 kk,da ; karecjpSay rdZmnuJ
TMenr. z 30 mina ; karvayRbhar rdUvekA n kgT&B ev[tNam eTAelIkgT&B

tMbn PM qat CMrM ExrRkhm elx 519 RBmTaMg tMbn rbs rNsirCati
n rbbsaZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa. z 4 Z ; elak Ebn suvN RtUvdk
rMedaHBlrdExr rbs elak sWn san pgEdr . z 12 emsa ; Gg<RbCMu
bdivt kmCa.
mankarCECkKa CamYy bNaRbeTs Gas)an . z 28 emsa ; CMnYb rvag
ecj BImuxtMENg rdmRnITI 1 nig BI muxtMENg GK<elxaZikar bkS RbCaCn
1982 ; z 1 kum; ; munnwgcakecjBIRbeTs:raMg semc neratm sIhnu
:nEzgza; RBHGg<Qbbn karRbwgERbgedIm|Irkpvcrca CamYy TIRkughaNUy
eT[tehIy. RBHGg<eRt{mlkN;CaeRscedIm|I dwknaM clnats)U RbqaMg nwg
397
visamJ nrdmRnIkarbreTs RbeTs TaMg 3 enA Ncin edIm|IGMJvnavesIo
semc neratm sIhnu nig elak RhVgsVa mIetrg enATIRkug:rIs . z 13
mizuna ; semc sIhnu bJakR:b elak ex[v sMpn GMBI karsMulaElg BImux
tMENg rbs RBHGg< BIrdaPi:lcRmuH.
398
1984 ; z 26 kk,da ; elak h)un Esn naykrdmRnI saZarNrd RbCa

manitukmCa Ezgza semc sIhnu nigelak sWn san GacnwgmantYnaTI neya
:y RbsinNaCaGkTaMgBIr RtLbmkvij ehIy snaza nwg eKarBrdZmnuJ
saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa . z 3 sIha ; PakgarBt(man :raMg Ga eGhV
eb
(AFP) CUndMNwgza elak CYn CMu GtItrdmRnI hirJvtExrRkhm nigelak
Kat qun rdmRnITTYlbnkkickar TIsIkar RbZanRkumRbwkSardmRnI rbb kmCa

RbCaZibety :nrMedaHxnecj BI rbbenH . z 8 sIha ;
CMnYb rvagsemc
krNExr . z 23 emsa ; semc sIhnu sMulaElgBImuxtMENg RbZan
rdaPi:lcRmuH kmCaRbCaZibety
eday mUlehtusuxPaB. z 25 emsa ;
semc sIhnu dkJksMulaElg BImuxtMENgvij. z 18 emsa ; elak

Ebn nut TTYlmrNPaBenAkg Cnayu 81 qaM. z 13-16 tula ; mhasni
:t TI 5 n bkSRbCaCnbdivtkmCa . 18 tula ; esnaRbmux ln nl
TTYlmrNPaB enAkgCnayu 72 qaM enA kalIhV&rnI .
1986 ; z 7 kum; ; rdsPa saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa bn nItikal
sIhnu nig RbZanaZibtI:raMg mIetrg. z 14 sIha ; enATIRkugGUs semc
mYyGaNtieT[t . z 17 mina ; esckIesI 8 cMNuc ebs TIRkugebkaMg edIm|I
ctuPaKI. z 24 Z ;GktMNagraRsGaemrik esEhVn sULa mk CYbelak h)un
1987 ; z 2-Z ; CMnYbTI 1 rvag elak h)un Esn nig semc neratm
sIhnu Rbkasmino GkdwknaM saZarNrdRbCamanitukmCa cUlkgrdaPi:l

Esn enATIRkugPMeBj. z 27 Z ; kgT&B saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa rYm
CamYykgT&Bev[tNam
vayykmUldansMxan>
rbs
kgT&B
rMedaH
dUcCa
bkSI, suk san, ng saemt CaedIm. z 31 Z ; elak can sIu naykrdmRnI
rbb saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa TTYlmrNPaB enAkg mnIreBTmYy enA

TIRkugmUs<.
1985 ; edImEx mkra ; kgT&B saZarNrd RbCamanitu kmCa rYmCamYy kg

T&Bev[tNam vayykTIbJakar n kgT&BrMedaH enAGMBil nig mUldan kg
T&B ExrRkhm enA NaM yun nig cug buk . z 14 mkra ; elak h)un Esn
bJbGZikrN Exr.
sIhnu enA EhVe GgtardWn&r RbeTs:raMg.
1988 ; z 20-21 mkra ; CMnYb TI 2 rvag elak h)un Esn nig semc
neratm sIhnu enA saMg EsrmaMg GgeL RbeTs:raMg. z 30 mkra ;

semc neratm sIhnu RbkaslaElgBImuxtMENgRbZanrdaPi:lcRmuH ehIy
RbKl kardwknaM clna VnsIunebc eTAo RBHGg<mas rN#Ti CaRBHraCbuRt .
1989 ; z 24 vicika ; EpnkarsniPaB rbs elak h,aert GIuevnS rdmRnI
karbreTs RbeTsGURsalI .
RtUvEtgtaMg CanaykrdmRnI CMnYs elak can sIu. karbeg,ItCMrM ExrRkhmmYy
enA exA ta guk . mUldan taTMu ZakeTAkg d kgT&B saZarNrd RbCamanitu

kmCa nig ev[tNam . z 9 mina ; karer[bcMpasbr enAkg rdaPi:l h)un
Esn. z 12 mina ; elak h)un Esn esIlkxN 6 edIm|IedaHRsay GZi
399
400
-ekANin TI 2 (420_434)
esc EdlRKgraCenARsukExr
-RsI_Rnvr&n TI 1 (434-435 )
- /
esc nKrPM (h)

h)V Nn)
- KuNvr&n
- hVwneT[n [ ekANin TI 1] ( K. s. 68 )
( 514_514) ; buRt rbs C&yvr&n_ekANin RtUv ruRTavr&n
(bgbn mataepSgBIKa ) eZVIKut. matarbs KuNvr&n KWRBHmhakSRti
- hVwn :n hVag (JkkNal TI 2 n stvtSr TI 2 )
yanI kulaRBHPvtI.
- :n :n ( edImstvtSr TI 3 )
-ruRTvr&n ( 514_539
- hVan eq man [ RsI mar] (205_225 )
? 545 ? 550 ? ), escERCkraC
BI qaM 550 mk qaM 627 ; sRg<am rvag hV)Nn niwg ecn_La
- hVan Cig esg ( 225_ ? )
esc raCaNacRk ecn La
- hVan can ( 225_240)
- kmCaraClkSI ( 545_550) raCnI (buRtI rbs eRssavr&n)
- hVan sIuyun (240_287 )
- Pvvr&n TI 1 (550_600)
BI qaM 287 mk qaM 357 ; esc BMus<aleQaH
- mehRnvr&n
- can tan cNN (357_/ )
ksarEdl:nykmkp<rp<g
( 435_487)
-C&yvr&n_ekANin (470/ 478 _514)
- lIv yI (JkkNalstvtSr TI 1 n RKwsskraC)
[ ciRtaesna] ( 600_616)
- sanvr&n TI 1 (616_635 )
(recoupements);
Les
Etats
hindouiss
dIndochine et dIndonsie, George Coedes, Paris 1964 Inscrip-tions du

Cambodge, VI,George Coedes, Paris, Ecole Franaise dExtrme-Orient,
1954 - Monarques du Cambodge, Wikipdia, 2011 La vie quotidienne
dans la Pninsule indochinoise lpoque dAngkor (800 1300), Louis
Frdric, Hachette, Paris, 1981 Essai de Tableau chronologique des rois
du Cambodge de la priode post-angkorienne, Mak Phoeun, Journal
asiatique, p. 101-161 Le Cambodge entre le Siam et le Vitnam (1775
1860), Khin Sok, Paris, Pub. EFEO, 1991 Les chroniques royales Histoire du Cambodge, Adhmard Leclre, Paul Geuthner, Paris, 1914 Histoire du Cambodge, A. Dauphin-Meunier, Que sais-je , 1968, et
dautres documents (sources indiennes, chinoises, etc)- Certaines
transcriptions en caractres khmers sont de lauteur.
401
- Pvvr&n TI 2
( 639_657)
- C&yvr&n TI 1 (657_681)
- C&yeTvI (681_713) raCnI
BI qaM 706 mk qaM 802 ecn_La EbgEckCaraCaNacRk BIr KW ecn-La Twk
nig ecn_La dIeKak . BIqaM 774 mk qaM 802 kgT&BCVa cUl lukluy.
sm&yGg<r
- C&yvr&n TI 2 (802_850)
- C&yvr&n TI 3 (850_877)
402
- Rnvr&n TI 1 (877_889)
- C&yvr&n TI 8 (1243_1295)
- yesavr&n TI 1 (889_910)
- Rnvr&n TI 3 (1295_1308 )
- hs(vr&n TI 1 (910_921)
- RnC&yvr&n (1308_1327 )
- C&yvr&n TI 4 (921 / 28_941 )
- nay RtskEpm
- sanvr&n TI 2 (922 / 25 _928)

- hs(vr&n TI 2 (941_944)
- C&yvr&n bremsVr C&yvr&n TI 9 (1327_1336)
( 1336_1340)
[kalbriecTPaKeRcInyktam karRsavRCavrbs bNit mk PWn,
- raeCRnvr&n TI 2 ( 944_968 )
- C&yvr&n TI 5 (968_1001)
- TyaTitvr&n TI 1 ( 1001_1002)
C&yvirvr&n ( 1002_1011) enA yesaZburI
suriyavr&n TI 1 ( 1002_1050) escERCkraC

- TyaTitvr&n TI 2 (1050_ 1066)
- hs(vr&n TI 3 ( 1066_1080)
tableau chronologique des rois du Cambodge de la priode postangkorienne, op. cit ]

- brmniJVnbT (1346_1351 /2 )
- siTanraCa (1351 / 2)
- brmlMBgSraCa
ecA :sat
(1351/2_1353/4)
(1353/4 _1355/6 ), es[m
ecA :Gat (1355/6 _1357), es[m
ecA kMbgBIsI (1357/ 8), es[m
RnibtIRnvr&n (1080_1113) Gg<r
C&yvr&n TI 6 (1080_1107 ) mhIZrburI, escERCkraC

- ZrniRnvr&n TI 1 ( 1107_1112)
- suriyvr&n TI 2 (1112 / 1113 _ 1150/ 1152)

- ZrniRnvr&n TI 2 (1150_1160)
- RsIsurieyavgS (1357/ 8 _1366/ 7
- brmrama (1366/7 _1370/1 )
- ZmesakraC (1370/1 _1393/4)
- brmraCa TI 1 [ Bjayat ] ( 1393 / 4_1433)

- es[mcUllulluy elIkTI 2 (1393)
- yesavr&n TI 2 ( 1160_1166)
nraC BjaERBk (1393/4), es[m
* RtIPUvnaTitvr&n ( 1166_1177)
bnabBI kgT&Bcm|a cUllukluy (1177-1181)

- C&yvr&n TI 7 (1181_1218)
escEdl:nRKgraC enA :san nig ctumux (PMeBj)

- brmraCa TI 1 [ecA Bjayat] (1393/4 _1433/4)
- Rnvr&n TI 2 ( 1218_1243)
403
Essai de
404
- narayNraCa TI 1 (1433/4 _1437/8
- RsIraCa (1438/9 _1476/7)
- RsIsurieyaT&y (1438/9 _1476/7
- ZmraCa [ ecA Bja ZmraCa] (1468/9 _1504/5 )

- RsIsuKnbT (1504/5 _1512/3)
- kn [hgRBHesckn, esckn, RsIeCda, RBHRsIeCdaRkugRsLb BiC&yRBnKr

] (1512/3 _1525/6 ), escERCkraC
escEdl:nRKgraC enA lEgVk
- brmraCa TI 2 [ ecA Bjacn, cnraCa] (1516/7 _1566)
- brmraCaTI 7 [RsIsurieyaBm(,
(1602 _1619)
Sr Soriyobarm, RsIsuBN(, Sr Su- barn.]
escEdl:nRKgraCenA dug<
- C&yeCda TI 2 [ C&yecsa ] (1619 _1627
- RsIZmraCa TI 1 [ ecABjatU , RBHraCsmar]
ekaHeXak
(1627 _1632) KgenA
- Gg< TgraCa [ecABjanUv , Gg< Tg] (1632 _1640)

- bTumraCa TI 1 [ Gg< nn] ] (1640_1642)
- ramaZibtI TI 1 [ ecA Bjacn, sda, ram, ramraCa, ram cUlsas(n) ]
- brmraCa TI 3 (1566 _1576)
(1642_1658)
- C&yeCda TI 1 (1584/5 _1594)
- bTumraCa TI 2 [ RsIC&yeCd, bTumsurivgS ] ] (1672_1673)
- brmraCa TI 4 [ sda] (1576 _1594)

- brmraCa TI 5 [ ecABjatn] (1584/5 _1594) rCkal TI 1
escEdl:nRKgraC enA RsIsnr
- ram TI 1 [ ramaZibtI, rameCIgRB, rambBiRt] (1594_1596)

- ram TI 2 [ ecABjanUr, ramraCa ] (1596_1597)
- brmraCa TI 5 [ ecABjatn ] (1597_1599), rCkal TI 2
- brmraCa TI 6 [ ecABjaGn, ecABjang] (1599_1600/1)
- Ekvh)Va TI 1 [ecABjaejam ] (1600/1 _1602)
escEdl:nRKgraCenA ekaH saEkt bnabmk

enA lVam
- brmraCa TI 8 [ Gg< sUr, bTumraCa] (1659 _1672)
- EkvhV)a TI 2 [ Gg< CI, Gg< ZI, Gg< nI] ] (1673 _1677)
- C&yeCda TI 3 [ Gg< sUr , C&yecsa, RsIZmraCa] ] (1677 _1695),
rCkal TI 1, KgenA RTnMRCwg
- ramaZibtI TI 2 [ Gg< yg, T&y, T&yraCa, narayN ramaZibtI ] (1695

_1696)
- C&yeCda TI 3 [ Gg< sUr] (1696 _1700/1) , rCkal TI 2
- EkvhV)a TI 3 [Gg< Gim ] , (1700/1- 1701 / 2) rCkal TI 1

-
C&yeCda
TI
[ Gg
sUr]
GgenAeJZisat bnabmkenA dug< bnabmkeT[t enAeJZisat

- RsIZmraCa TI 2 [Gg< nUr]
enAeJZisat bnabmkenA dug<

405
(1701/2 _1702/3), rCkal TI 3,
(1702/3 _1704/5), rCkal TI 1, Kg
406
- C&yeCda TI 3 {Gg< sUr] (1704/5 _1707), rCkalTI 4
- sIusuvti [sMGUr/ RsGUr, hriraC, esrIsuvti, nambcamrN; ; brm-raCCanuekad
- RsIZmraCa TI 2 [Gg <nUr] (1707_1715), rCkal TI 2
] (1904 _1927)
- Ekvh)Va TI 3 [ Gg< Gim ] ] (1715_1722/3
), rCkal TI 2
- sta [ Gg<CI] ] (1722/3 _1729), rCkal TI 1
- C&yeCda TI 4 [ EkvhV)a TI 3 ] ] (1729), rCkalTI 3

- brmraCa TI 9 [ sta ]
(1729 _1737), rCkal TI 2, KgenA lEgVk
- C&yeCda TI 5 [ RsIZmraCa TI 2] (1738 _1750), rCkal TI 3
- RsIZmraCa TI 3 [ Gg< Gim ]
(1750)
- ramaZibtI TI 3 [ Gg< tn ] (1750 _1751), rCkal TI 1
- brmraCa TI 9 [ sta ]
sIusuvt
munIvgS
[ nambcamrN ;
_neratm sIhnu (1941_1955), rCkal TI 1
- neratm suraRmit [nambcamrN; mhakJnekad]
sIusuvti kusm; (1955 _1970)
- neratm sIhnu (1993 _2004), rCkal TI 2
- neratm sIhmunI (2004 _ )
(1751), rCkal TI 3
- RsI C&yeCd [Gg< sn (1751 _1757
- ramaZibtI TI 3 [ Gg< tn ] (1758_1760), rCkal TI 2
- narayNraCa TI 2 [Gg< tn, T&yraCa] (1760_1775)
- ramaZibtI TI 4 [Gg<ng , Gg<nnRBHram, Gg<nnrama, ramraCa, ramRsI C&yeCd] ]
(1775 _1779)
- narayNrama [ Gg< eGg ]
(1779 _1797)
- T&yraCa [Gg< cn] (1797 _1835), KgenAPMeBj nig ekaH saEkt
- Gg< mIu [Gg< mIu kSRtI ], (1835 _1847) KgenA ekaH saEkt bnabmk
enAmatRCUk
- hrirkS rama [ Gg< dYg, nambcamrN ; brmekad]
(1841 _1860)
escEdl:nRKgraCenA PMeBj
- neratm [ Gg< RcLwg, Gg<vtI, raCavtI, nambcamrN ; suvNekad],
(1860 _1904)
407
brmxtiyekad ]
408
(11927_1941)
(1955_ 1960) _
I) Essai de classification des

rois ayant rgn au Fou-nan
depuis le 1er sicle lpoque angkorienne
( Recoupements des documents et inscriptions)
2me moiti du 1er sicle
68
2me moiti du IIme
sicle
Dbut du 2me sicle
Chen-La
Pan-pan
Fan Che-man [ r mra]

(Gnral)
225
225-240
240-287
287-357
545-550
Kambujarajalakhm
550-600
600-616
Bhavavarman I
Mahendravarman
(Chitrasna)
Fan Chin-Sheng
Fan Chan
Fan Siun
Roi (s) inconnu (s)
IVme et Vme Sicle

357
Guerre entre le Fou-nan et le Chen-La : fin du Fou-nan
II) Les rois du Chen-La

(Priode pr-angkorienne)
Liu-Ye
Houen tien (Kaundinya I)
Houen pan houang
IIme -IIIme Sicle

205-225
550-627
616-635
639-657
657-681
681-713
navarman I
Bhavavarman II
Jayavarman I
Jaydevi (reine)
706-802
Deux royaumes : Chen-La

deau et Chen-La de terre
774-802
Invasion javanaise
Tchan-tan ou Chandan
me
V
Sicle
Seconde dynastie de Kaundinya
III) Royaut angkorienne
420-434
Kaundinya II
434-435
r Indravarman I
802-850
Jayavarman II
Vme et VIme Sicle
850-877
Jayavarman III
877-889
Indravarman I
889-910
Yaovarman I
910-921
Harshvarman I (Angkor)
470/478-514
514-514
514-539 (550)
Jayavarman-Kaundinya
Gunavarman
Rudravarman
409
Usurpa.teur
dernier roi du
Fou-nan
410
Fille de resthavarman
925-928
navarman II
928-941
Jayavarman IV
941-944
Harshvarman II
944-968
Rajendravarman II
968-1001
Jayavarman V
1001-1002
Udayadidyvarman
1002-1011
1002-1050
1050-1066
Udayadidyvarman II
1066-1080
Harshvarman III
1080-1113
Nripatndravarman
1080-1107
Jayavarman VI
1353-1354
Nippeanbt
Sitheanreacha
Lompongreacha
Prise et occupation
dAngkor par les Siamoix
Chau Bassat
1354-1355
Chau Baat
1346-1351/52
1351/52
1351/52-1353/54
1353-1357
1355-1357
1357/58- 1366/67
1366/67-1370/71
1370/71 -1393/94
1393/94
Jayaviravarman
(yaodhapura)
Suryavarman I (usurpateur)
1393/94 1433/34
1433/34 - 1437/38
1438/39 - 1476/77
1438/39-1476/77
1468/69-1504/5
1504-/5-1512/13
1512/13-1525/26
Dharanindravarman I
1113-1150
Suryavarman II
1150-1160
Dharanindravarman II
1160-1166
Yaovarman II
1166-1177
Tribhuvandityavarman
1177-1181
(mandarin)
Occupation des Chams
1181-1218
Jayavarman VII
1516/17-1566
1218-1243
Indravarman II
1243-1295
Jayavarman VIII
1566-1576
1576-1594
1584/85-1594
1584/85-1594
Indravarman III
1308-1327
Indrajayavarman
1327-1336
Jayavarman XIX
1336-1340
Ta Trsak Pham
411
Chau Kdombng Pisey

Srei Soryovong
Borom Reacha
Thammasokreach
Ponhea Prk ( Indr Reachea)
IV) Rois ayant rgn Basan et Chadomuk
1107-1112
1295-1308
Borom Rachea I
Neareay Reacha
Chau Ponhea yt
Srei Reacha
Roi rival
Srei Soriotey
Thomreacha
Srei Sokundhabt
Sdach Kn
Roi rival
Roi rival
V) Rois ayant rgn Longvk

Borom Racha II
Chau Pnhea Chan,

Chan Racha
Borom Racha III
Borom Racha IV
Chetchetha I
Borom Racha V
Ponhea Chey
412
Sattha
Chau Ponhea Tn
(roi rival)
VI) Rois ayant rgn Srei Santhor

1594-1596 (usurp.)
1596-1597
1597-1599
1599-1600/1
Rm I
Rm II
Borom Racha V
Borom Racha VI
1600/1-1602
Keav Hu I
Ream Choeung Prey

Chau Ponhea Nou
Chau Ponhea Tn
Chau Ponhea n, Chau
Ponhea Nong
Chau Ponhea om
VII) Rois ayant rgn Koh Slakt puis Lovea Em
1602-1619
Borom Racha VII
Srei Soriopor
VIII) Rois ayant rgn Oudong et Phnom Penh

1619-1627
1627-1632
1632-1640
1640-1642
1642-1658
Chey Chettha II
1659-1672
1672-1673
Borom Racha VIII

Botum Racha II
1673-1677
1677-1695
Keav Hu II
Cheychettha III
1695-1696
1696-1700/1
1701/2-1702/3
Reameathippatey II
Chetchettha III
Keav Hu III
1702/3-1704/5
Srei Thommareachea II
Srei Thomma Racha I
Ang Tong Reacha

Botum Racha I
Reameathippatey
413
Chey Chesda
Chau Ponhea To
Chau Ponhea Nou
Ang Non
Chau Ponhea Chan,
Ream Chaul sasn
Ang Saur
Srei Cheycheth, Botum
Sorivong
Ang Chi
Ang Saur , Chetchesda
(1me rgne)
AngYng, Outeyreacha
Ang Saur (2me rgne)
AngIm, Borom Reacha
Ang Em, Ang Non
Ang Nou, Rjavmn
Kdr
1704/5- 1707
1707-1715
Chetchettha III
1715-1722/3
1722/23 -1729
1729
1729-1737
1738-1750
Keav Hu III
1750
1750-1751
1751
1751-1757
1758-1760
1760-1775
1775-1779
1779-1797
1797-1835
1835-1847
1841-1860
1860-1904
1904-1927
1927-1941
1941-1955
1955-1960
1955-1970
1993-2004
Srei Thommareach III

Reameathippadey III
Borom Racha XIX
Srei Thommareachea II
Satha
Cheychettha IV
Borom Reacha XIX
Cheychettha V
Srei Cheycheth
Reameathippadey III
Neareayreacha II
Reameathippadey IV
Ang ng
Ang Chan
Ang Mey
Ang Duong
Norodom
Sisowath
Sisowath Monivong
Norodom Sihanouk
Norodom Suramrith
Sisowath Kossamak
Norodom Sihanouk
2004 -
414
Ang Saur ( 4me rgne)

Ang Nou (2me rgne)
Ang Im ( 2me rgne)
Ang Chi (1er rgne)
Keav Hu III ( 3me rg.)
Sattha (2me rgne)
Srei Thommareach II
(3me rgne)
Ang Im
Ang Tn (1er rgne)
Sattha (3me rgne)
Ang Sgnuon
Ang Tn (2me rgne)
Ang Tn, Outeyreacha
Ang Nn
Neareayramea
Outey Reacha
1er rigne
21 / 09 / 93
7 /10/ 2004
(2me rgne)
Depuis 10 / 10 / 2004
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Faits historiques et documents

( Alain Forest : Le Cambodge et la colonisation franaise : Histoire dune
colonisation sans heurts (1897-1920), LHarmattan, 1980.)
- H. de Vernrville propose le prince Sisowath comme successeur
Norodom et dnonce Yukanthor (Cf. Lettre du Rsident suprieur au
Gouverneur Gnral en date du 30 janvier 1896, AOM, NF 587.).
- Relation impossible entre Norodom et de Verneville ( Cf. Lettre du
Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral en date du 16 mai 1896, AOM,
Aix 24673.).
- Cration du Conseil des ministres par le Gouverneur Gnral (Cf.
Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral du 31 Aot 1897, AOM, carton 8.).
- Pouvoir confr au Rsident Suprieur comme chef de gouvernement (de
fait et de droit) du Cambodge (Cf. Paul Doumer, LIndochine franaise :
souvenirs, Paris, Vuibert et Nony, 1905, p. 236.).
425
- Le Roi du Cambodge ne consulte ni ne conseille plus le Conseil des

ministres (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral du 24 novembre 1897,
AOM, carton 8.).
- Le roi Norodom porte plainte contre Ducos (Cf. Lettre de Norodom au
Gouverneur Gnral en date du 21 Aot 1899, AOM, Aix 5820. Cest une
lettre dans laquelle Norodom accepte aussi lUnion franaise).
- Le roi est lu par ses ministres. Les membres de la Famille Royale sont
exclus des dlibrations et du vote (Cf. A. Leclre, Droit public, pp 1920).
-Tentative de Khun Than de faire couronner son fils Phanouvong
Cf.Lettre de M. Calan au Gouverneur Gnral Rousseau, 10 juin 1896,
AOM, Aix 5820.).
- De Verneville prsente favorablement le prince Sisowath (Cf. Rapport
du Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral, 26 janvier 1897, AOM,
Aix 5820.).
- Sisowath doit prendre sa charge toute la solde de ses dignitaires (Cf.
Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, 1 er trimestre 1904, AOM, carton 9.).
- Par le Conseil des ministres, Doumer veut imposer lautorit coloniale
aux gouverneurs de provinces (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, 4 me
trimestre 1898, AOM, carton 8.).
- Limogeage des partisans tides du Protectorat. Ducos a reu de Poc
laccord dune action concerte (Cf. Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, 3
me trimestre, 1899, AOM, carton 8.).
- Refus de payer limpt Kompong Cham et Tbaung Khmum (Cf.
Rapport du Gouverneur Gnral, Juillet 1897, AOM, carton 8.).
- Tout passe par le Rsident Suprieur (O.R. du 11 aot 1901).
- Ladministrateur est aussi le juge (O.R. du 11 juillet 1897.).
- Abolition des crmonies de Chng day tra ( 25 janvier 1897).
- Rforme de la Justice ( O.R. 1902) ; voir aussi : Collard : Cambodge et
Cambodgiens. Mtamorphose du Royaume khmer par une mthode
franaise du Protectorat, Paris, Socit dEditions gographiques
maritimes et coloniales, 1925.
- Mariage des princes et princesses : pour les princes et les pricesses qui
voulaient se marier leur guise avec les gens du commun, ils doivent
renoncer leurs droits, honneurs et prrogatives (O.R. du 1er janvier
1907.).
426
- Sisowath propose Monivong comme son successeur (Cf. Lettre de

Sisowath adresse au Rsident Suprieur Luce et au Gouverneur Gnral
Klobukowski, 2 fvrier 1909.). Outrey nest pas daccord (Cf. Lettre du
Rsident Suprieur au Gouverneur Gnral, 9 novembre 1902, AOM,
carton 15). Albert Sarrault est daccord avec Outrey (Cf. Lettre du
Gouverneur Gnral au Ministre des Colonies, 3 septembre 1913, AOM,
NF 579.).
- Interdiction aux fonctionnaires de fumer lopium et le chanvre indien
(Loi du 6 dcembre 1907.).
- Etablissement de la proprit ( O.R. du 24 janvier 1908 et du 8 janvier
1912.).
V -10-11
427

Dream and Truth-Part I

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Dream and Truth-Part I

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subin nig karBit PaK 1-

Rves et ralits Tome 1

subin nig karBit PaK 1-

Rves et ralits Tome 1

subin nig karBit

CAMBODGE : rves et ralits

(Association Cambodge-Asie France - 2012)

subin nig karBit PaK 1-

subin nig karBit PaK 1-

Rves et ralits Tome 1

Rves et ralits Tome 1

CMBUk 3 ; karpSaM GarZm(Exr CamYy vb|Zm(:raMg

qaM 1925 - TidPaBxH> nGPiRkmTMenIbkm -sPaBkarNRbeTskmCa

enAkgrCkalhg munIvgS - kareZVITMenIbkm enAkgraChg neratm hg

sIusuvti nig hgmunIvgS - kareLIgesayraCelIkTI 1 enAqaM 1941 n

RBH:Tneratm sIhnu - eqaHeTArkkarTamTarkraC nig karkekIteLIg

n KNbkSRbCaZibety- BI rbbraCaniymeTvraC eTArbb raCaniym

etCanuPaB nig karcuHdundab n cRkPBExr ... 39

GaRs&yrdZmnuJ - vasna n KNbkSRbCaZibetynig clnasSr;

Grandeur et dcadence de lEmpire khmer

Exr _ vibtirdaPi:l enAcenaHqaM 1948-1950 _karkekIteLIg nGk

- BIetCanuPaB mkPaBdundab _ er]geRBgTakTgnwg karkekIt n raCa

NacRkExr _ sm&yGg<r _ karQanJn rbses[menAJkkNal

nig cugstvtSr TI 14 enAedImstvtSr TI 15 nig cugstvtSr TI 16

bdivtn BuTsasna enAstvtSrTI 14- esc kn _ stvtSr TI 17

nig TI 18 _ karRbTajRbTg rvages[m nigyYn _ eRT]g mij yag

TMen[mTmabExr nig GPiRkmTMenIbkm ... 89

vtman :raMg enARsukExr

- rCkal hgneratm - clnabHe:r RbqaMg nwg :raMg -

karEsVg rktulPaB d*Bi:k rvag RbBNI

nig PaBsm&yTMenIb ... 169

Equilibrage difficile entre tradition et modernit

- RBwtikarN EdlekItmaneLIg munraCbUCnIykicedIm|IkraC rbsRBH

:Tneratm sIhnu - RBHraCbUCnIykic edIm|I kraCExr rbs RBH:T

RBH:T neratm sIhnu-kMENnkmaMgRbCaCatiTaMgmUl enAz 28 mizunaqaM

RbeTs -RBHGg<mas yuKnr

(1904-1927 ) _ RBwtikarN z 18 emsa

1953 - snisIT TIRkughSWENvqaM 1954 - briyakas nsnisITTIRkug

Modernisation : conflit de deux cultures

subin nig karBit PaK 1-

subin nig karBit PaK 1-

Rves et ralits Tome 1

- RBwtikarN z 18 minaqaM 1970 - sPaBkarNRbeTskmCaeRkay

- neya:yenAkgRbeTskmCa eRkaykicRBmeRB{gTIRkughSWENv - RBwti

qaM 1955 _ clna

sg<mraRsniym nig clna

Exrkumynis karEkTRmg sab&n neya:y tamry; karRbkas oeRbI

vayrMlM rbb semcneratm sIhnu enAqaM 1959 -sPaBkarN

:yenAqaM 1960 _ bJaEtgtaMg semcneratm sIhnu CaRbmuxrd

nig clnaExresrI _ karpacCMnYyeyaZa nig esdkic shrd Gaemrik

enAqaM 1963 - esdkic RbeTskmCasm&y sg<mraRsniym - bJa

GBaRkwtPaB nig bUrNPaBEdndIExr enAqaM 1964 - TIbJb n GBa

RkwtPaB rbs RbeTskmCa enA qaM 1965 _ C&yCMnH rbs GkGPirkS

enAkgkare:HeqatsPa qaM 1966 _ karbHe:r enAsmt enAz 2 emsa

- kareRCIserIs d* Bi:k rbs semc neratm sIhnu

rdaPi:l eRsacRsgCati - smTi

sMxan> n rbb sg<mraRsniym - karvivtneqaHeTArk RBwtikarN z

Rves et ralits Tome 1

rbs GkGPirkS 271

karTmaksemcneratm sIhnu _ karRbkas rbb saZarNrdExr enA

z 9 tulaqaM 1970 - karkekIteLIg nrbb saZarNrdExr -

1973 ; shrd Gaemrik e:Hbg saZarNrdExe ecal - kareRbHqa

n rbb saZarNrdExr - eqaHeTArkkarrlMrlay n rbb saZarN

Une rvolution sans soutien populaire