Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quality:
Dr.Joseph M Juran has defined quality as ‘’fitness for use’’.Quality is viewed as one
that requires every member of the organization to provide the next person in the
process with an acceptable product or service. This means that everyone is
responsible to perform a task in such a manner that the product can be used
immediately and in the most efficient manner possible.
As per ISO 9000 quality is the totality of feature and characteristics a product or
service that bears on its ability to safely stated or implied needs.
There is an urgent need for observance of quality in all aspects of construction via
quality of materials, quality of workmanship and proper balance in the quality attained
vis a vis the quality desired.
The quality of construction depends upon right materials used, the correct methods
followed and produce end product of acceptable performance. The means of quality
control are tests, inspection, supervision and analysis of data etc. Quality tests are
conducted in laboratories and inspection & supervision are carried out on the site and
the data analysis is done by experts in office.
SPECIFICATIONS
The project authorities prepare the process of working out specifications of various
facilities where concrete will be used. However, the standards and specifications for
concrete and its various ingredients are universally standardized and they are required
to be in conformity with same. Indian Standards IS for concrete and its basic
ingredients viz cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water admixtures and various
aspects of concreting its placement and final acceptance should be as per IS
specifications.
ii. Concrete mix proportioning of concrete mix design to attain the required
strength specifications.
iv. Acceptance
The responsibility of all the four functions is shared by contractor, the department
or client and the quality control staff.
INSPECTION
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Inspection is the act of physical verification of the subject work on the site and
under normal day to day working conditions. The inspection for quality is done by
quality control inspectors who are posted at all active sites and who should be
persons at deputy engineer and above levels. They are member of the quality
control team and unrelated to the production process directly.
Once quality standards and other things are laid out inspection becomes a routine
matter. Inspection stages are as follow:
CHECKLIST
1. PRELIMINARY
2. PROPORTIONING
i. Tests of aggregates
v. Air content
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3. MATERIALS
iii. Cement
vi. Aggregates
4. STOCKPILING
i. Water
ii. Admixture
v. Accessories
vi. Fixtures
5. BEFORE CONCRETING
6. FORMWORK
ii. Location
v. Inspection of openings
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vi. Preparation of surfaces
i. For each batch, check the quantity of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate ,
cement and water, quantity of water being corrected from the viewpoints of
dry wet conditions of the coarse and the fine aggregate
iii. Checking that water / cement ratio is maintained at the stipulated value.
Further control over the amount of water used shall be exercised in terms of
slump/compaction factor value
iv. Physical checking of the quantities of the constituents per batch periodically
vii. Checking the working of the mixer as per the rating of the mixer ,yielding
concrete of uniform colour and consistency
ix. Checking that concrete is placed and compacted before the expiry of initial
setting time of cement and left undisturbed afterwards
x. Checking that concrete is placed in even layers, each layer being compacted
before placing the next layer
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xii. Ensuring that while concreting an old work, the surface is chipped, cleaned
with wire brush and wetted with a coat of cement slurry, before laying new
concrete
10.EMBEDDED PARTS
11.REINFORCEMENT IN PLACE
iii. Splicing
xiii. Adequate tools and men for compaction, finishing and curing
12.CONCRETING
i. Working conditions
ii. Batching
iii. Mixing
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Minimum time, batches delayed in mixer, maximum time, loading, number
of revolutions of drum, water used, mixing capacity of drum, amount of
concrete
d. Conveying
a. Location
b. Forming or tooling
viii. Finishing of formed surfaces shallow surfaces, layer of mortar, water gain, no
over working first floating, alignment of surface, final hard trowelling, plastic
shrinkage cracks
x. Schedule of testing
13.AFTER CONCRETING
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i. Protection from damage impact, overloading of surfaces
iii. Curing surface continuously moist, time of beginning curing, length of curing
period, concreting in cold and hot weather required precautions
v. Tests of concrete
c. Diary
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality assurance refers to the managerial process which determine the organisation’s
design, objectives and resources, the project team, funding agencies, performance
standards and feedback on the project’s performance, appropriate actions to deal with
deviations and all steps necessary for promoting quality awareness at all levels and in
all parts of the project organisation.
vii. Training
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At construction site generally a Quality control engineer is responsible for the quality
assurance and quality control. He has mainly four functions as follow:
iii. Appraising failures to these standard and acting when standards are not being
adhered to
i. Development of specifications
v. QC of incoming materials
BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE
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