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Discovery of Cell
R. J. H. Dutrochet ( 1824)
Cells
basic structural and functional unit Physical framework for metabolism Diverse shapes, sizes, and composition
Cell Mitotic cells Epidermal cell Photosynthetic cells of pear Water conducting vessels in oak Fiber cells in hemp Cube
Shape
Dimension 12m 3 12m 3 12m 45m 3 143m 3 15m 7.4 m diam 3 55m 270 m diam 3 225m 20 m diam 3 60,000m
2. Eukaryote
cell with nucleus and membrane bounded organelles. e. g. protists, fungi, plants, animals.
A plant cell consists of three general parts: 1. the cell wall 2. the protoplasm 3. the cell inclusion
Cell wall
Almost all plant cells have a cell wall, except sperm cells Inert secretion
Association of Cells
1. secretion of signal molecules unicellular organisms 2. connections between cells- multicellular organims
Plasmodesmata- cytoplamic
channels
symplast interconnected
protoplasm of all cells.
apoplast intercellular
spaces and the cell wall Permit rapid diffusion of gases because plants do not have lungs.
Composition of membranes
phospholipid bilayer 60% protein and 40% lipids heterogenous fluid mosaic
Properties of membranes
1. Dynamic and can grow 2. Transport materials a. exocytosis b. endocytosis
Properties of membranes
3. Selective permeability
1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. facilitated diffusion 4. active transport
Diffusion
Turgidity
Facilitated Diffusion
Plastids
synthesis, storage, export, formation of colors, synthesis of amino acids: isoleucine and valine synthesis of aromatic rings : phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine
Chloroplast
Leucoplastids
colorless plastids
Amyloplast stores starch. Aleuroneplast- stores protein Elaioplast stores oils and fats.
Microtubules
act as cytoskeleton Motility of organelles and or whole cells Alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin
Microfilaments
Storage products
Starch Lipids Plant Crystals 1. calcium oxalate 2. calcium carbonate
Crystals (CaC2O4)
raphides
Prismatic
Styloid crystals
Rosette crystals
Crystals (CaCO3)
cystolith
Thank you..
Ross D. Vasquez June 2012