ForcedEvictioninOgonilandby RiversStateGovernment

URGENTPetitiontoNationalHumanRightsCommission, 25September2013

SocialandEconomicRightsActionCenter Plot758,ChiefThomasAdeboyeDrive OmolePhase2,Isheri,Lagos Tel:+234.1.764.6299 info@serac.org

SocialDevelopmentIntegratedCentre (SocialAction) 33OrominekeLayout,OffEmekuku Street DLine,PortHarcourt Tel:+234.803.273.3965 celestine@saction.org

CentreforEnvironment,HumanRights andDevelopment(CEHRD) 26,MbonuStreet DLine,PortHarcourt Tel:+234.803.889.7006

OgoniSolidarityForum PortHarcourt

September25,2013 Prof.BemAngwe ExecutiveSecretary NationalHumanRightsCommission 9AguiyiIronsiStreet MaitamaAbuja FederalCapitalTerritory DearProf.Angwe, URGENT PETITION REGARDING FORCED EVICTION IN OGONILAND BY RIVERS STATEGOVERNMENT We write urgently regarding the unlawful forced eviction of Ogoni farmlands by the Rivers State Government which has resulted in dozens of killings, forced disappearances and the burning and looting of hundreds of houses of persons who objectedtotheRiversStateGovernmentsactions. Members of the affected communities have instructed the Social and Economic Rights ActionCenter(SERAC),togetherwiththeSocialDevelopmentIntegratedCentre(Social Action), the Ogoni Solidarity Forum (OSF), and the Centre for Environment, Human Rights and Development (CEHRD), to file a petition with the National Human Rights Commission(NHRC).Weseekanurgentinvestigationinto,adjudication,andawardof reparations for the actual and threatened violation of thousands of Ogoni families fundamentalandhumanrights,includingtorighttolife,righttodignityandintegrityof thehumanperson,righttoproperty,righttofairhearing,righttoadequatehousing/ shelter,righttofood,righttowater,andrighttolivelihood,aswellastheOgonipeoples rightstodevelopmentandwayoflife. Social Action, OSF, and CEHRD have documented the violations since May 2011 when theRiversStateGovernmentfirstsentgovernmentofficialsandaJointTaskForce(JTF) contingenttoforcefullyconductalandsurveyacrossavastportionofOgoniland.SERAC intervened after the Nigerian police shot and killed of two youths in Zor Sogho in an efforttosuppressoppositiontothethenprospectiveforcedevictionandunlawfulland acquisition. SERAC did ontheground investigations and tried to engage with Rivers StateGovernmentbeginninginAugust2011,throughvariouslettersofcorrespondence and meetings. In September 2011 SERAC filed suit in the Federal High Court at Port Harcourt to prevent the threatened forced eviction and unlawful land acquisition and protectthefundamentalhumanandpeoplesrightsoftheaffectedcommunities. Even while the matter was pending in court, the Rivers State Government continued with full impunity to clear large portions of farmlands belonging to members of the Ueken,LuusueSoghoandKaanicommunitiesofOgoniland.Suchdisrespectfortherule oflawisfurtherunderscoredbythefactthatthelandisnotbeingacquiredforanyvalid public purpose. Rather, what was subsistence farmland the lifeblood of hundreds of Ogoni families dating back since time immemorial is being developed into a commercialbananaplantationforthefinancialbenefitoftheRiversStateGovernment and,reportedly,aforeignprivateinvestorfromMexico.

PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

The River State Governments forced eviction and unlawful acquisition of Ogoni farmlandshasbeenaidedbyrelentlesscampaignofviolenceandterrorwagedagainst all those who voice vocal opposition to the governments actions. More than thirty people from the Sogho communities who unequivocally opposed the taking of their farmlands have been killed or disappeared by or with the complicity of Nigerian securityforces,whichhavefailedtoconductanyinvestigationstodate.Inretributionto their refusal to allow the governments forceful taking of their land, from May to July 2012,hundredsofhousesinSoghowereburnedordestroyedwithdynamiteandlooted. TheentirepopulationofZorSoghofledfromtheircommunityforsixmonths. Whether or not the Rivers State Government is the direct sponsor of this terror, the Governments failure to intervene to prevent the violence and protect lives and property make it complicit. The River State Governments continued forced evictions and taking of ancestral Ogoni farmlands in complete disregard for the consequential terrorandlossoflifedirectlyresultantfromitsactionsunderscoresthiscomplicity.The profferedpoliticaljustificationsfoodsecurityandjobcreationfallwoefullyshort. Insupportofthispetition,weannexthefollowingadditionalinformation: a. Memorandum in Support of Petition, including a statement of facts and compilingevidenceofidentifiedrightsviolationsintheaffectedcommunities; b. MotiononNoticefiledonSeptember23,2011in ChiefLuckyAgbe&Orsv.Rivers State Government (FHC/PH/CS/556/2011) on behalf of the affected communities(NB:thismatterwasstruckoutonJuly3,2012); c. VideosonthethreatenedlandgrabproducedbyCEHRDinSeptember2011: Land grabbing and Militarization in Ogoni, available at http://mediaforjusticenigeria.org/content/videolandgrabbingand militarizationogoni;and Sogho Children Speak Out Against Land Grabbing, available at http://mediaforjusticenigeria.org/content/soghochildrenspeakout againstlandgrabbing; d. ReportKillingforBanana,publishedbySocialActiononApril23,2013. InanticipationofapromptanddiligentresponsefromtheNHRCinlightoftheurgency of the situation, SERAC, Social Action, OSF and CEHRD stand ready to offer further information to assist in the investigation. We can also assist in arranging visits to the affected communities and setting up meetings/interviews with affected residents and communityleaders.Werespectfullyencourageyoutogiveusatleast48hoursnoticeto ensureproperpreparations.Thankyouforyourpromptattentiontothisurgentmatter. Yourssincerely,

MeganChapman CelestineAkpobari StyvnObodoekwe SocialandEconomic SocialAction & CentreforEnvironment, RightsActionCenter OgoniSolidarityForum HumanRights&Development CC: CommunitiesofUekenandKorokoro(TaiLGA);LuusueSogho,ZorSogho, Barakaani Sogho, Teka Sogho, Akporo Sogho, Okwale, and Kaani (Khana LGA)
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MEMORANDUMINSUPPORTOFPETITION: FORCEDEVICTIONINOGONILANDBYRIVERSSTATEGOVERNMENT Submittedby: SocialandEconomicRightsActionCenter(SERAC) SocialDevelopmentIntegratedCentre(SocialAction) OgoniSolidarityForum(OSF) CentreforEnvironment,HumanRightsandDevelopment(CEHRD) 25September2013 INTRODUCTION TheSocialandEconomicRightsActionCenter(SERAC),togetherwithSocial Action,theOgoniSolidarityForum(OSF)andtheCentreforEnvironment, HumanRightsandDevelopment(CEHRD),bringthepresentpetitiononbehalfof membersofnineOgonicommunitiesinRiversState:UekenandKorokoro(Tai LGA);LuusueSogho,ZorSogho,BarakaaniSogho,TekaSogho,AkporoSogho, Okwale,andKaani(KhanaLGA). Weseekanurgentinvestigationinto,adjudicationof,andawardofreparations fortheactualandthreatenedviolationofthousandsofOgonifamilies fundamentalandhumanrights,includingtorighttolife,righttodignityand integrityofthehumanperson,righttoproperty,righttofairhearing,rightto adequatehousing/shelter,righttofood,righttowater,andrighttolivelihood. AlsoimplicatedaretheOgonipeoplesrightstodevelopmentandwayoflife. Thememorandumbelowoutlinesthefactsandevidencesupportingthispetition. ItthenidentifiestherightsviolatedandpraysforreparationsfromtheNHRC. SUMMARYOFFACTS BetweenmidAprilandJune2011,theRiversStateGovernmentfirstsentsurvey teams supported by the Joint Task Force (JTF) to forcefully survey farmlands belonging to members of the nine affected communities. In the course of the survey, the teams cut and damaged crops and economic trees and JTF intimidated and threatened community members who were present. Among otherabuses,severalcommunitymemberswereforcedtositwiththeirhandsin theair,staringintothesunforhours.Severalwomenwerethreatenedwithrape. Itwasonlythereafterthatthepetitioningorganizationsandaffectedcommunity members became aware of correspondence between the Rivers State Government and traditional rulers of the Tai and Nyokhana kingdoms of Ogoniland regarding the Rivers State Governments intention to acquire the farmlandsinquestion(see Exhibit A).Thesecommunicationsoccurredwithout dueconsultationorconsentofthepersonswhosefarmlandsweretobeaffected. In each of the affected communities, a series of community meetings and

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protests followed, during which the prospective takeover of Ogoni ancestral farmlandswasnearlyuniversallycondemned. ShortlyafteronesuchmeetinginZorSogho,acommunitythatdecidedtooppose to the takeover of their farmlands, police invaded the community early on the morning of June 12, 2011 and, without provocation, shot and killed two young menfromZorSogho:GotehKeenam(age20)andJohnEeneeDambani(age27). Although these killings were reported to the police, there was never any thoroughinvestigation,andnostepsweretakentoprosecuteordisciplinethose responsible. The autopsy reports for both young men, paid for by community members,remaininpossessionoftheStateCriminalInvestigationsDepartment. Following these first two violent deaths, SERAC conducted ontheground investigations, met with community members, and tried unsuccessfully to engage with Rivers State Government in August 2011 (see Exhibit B). Represented by SERAC, members of all nine affected communities filed suit in September 2011 at the Federal High Court at Port Harcourt to enjoin the threatened land acquisition and protect the fundamental human and peoples rightsoftheaffectedcommunities.Thismatterwasstruckoutofcourton3July 2012onjurisdictionalgrounds. Even while the matter was pending in court, the Rivers Banana plantation on cleared farmlands belonging to State Government continued Ueken,KaaniandSoghocommunities,February2013 with full impunity to take over and clear large portions of farmlands belonging to members of the Ueken, Luusue Sogho and Kaani communities. Such contravention of the rule of lawisfurtherunderscoredby the fact that the land is not being acquired for any valid public purpose. Rather, what was subsistence farmland on which hundreds of Ogoni familiescultivateddozensofdifferentcropsasthesourceoftheirlivelihood,is being developed into a commercial banana plantation, partly for the financial benefitofaforeignprivateinvestorfromMexico(UniondeIniciativa,S.A.deC.V.).

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The River State Governments forced evictionandunlawfultakeoverofOgoni farmlands has been accompanied by a relentless campaign of violence and terror.Morethanthirtypeoplefromthe Sogho communities that unequivocally opposed the taking of their farmlands have been killed or disappeared with the complicity of the Nigerian security forces, which in some circumstances participated in the violence and in others failed to intervene to protect victims, prevent violence or, later, investigate the killings leaving families without opportunity for redress. Those killed are listed along withthecircumstancesoftheirdeathin ExhibitC.

GraceMkaemue,motherofNyerema Mkaemue,killedduringthecrisis

Between May and July 2012, during which many of the above deaths occurred, hundreds of houses and businesses in Sogho were burned or destroyed with dynamite and looted (see Exhibit D) and their occupants forcibly evicted. The entirepopulationofZorSogho,thousandsinnumber,fledforsixmonths.Aside from those actually killed or disappeared during the violence, many other community members died as a result of the numerous hardships suffered. For instance,thebrotherofoneJennettMpim(ZorSogho)reportedthatshediedof shockduringthisperiodoftime. Regardless of whether the Rivers State Government is the sole sponsor of the mass forced eviction, killings, and destruction of homes and businesses, its failure to intervene to prevent the violations and protect lives and property of Ogoni communities make it complicit. Moreover, its failure to investigate and prosecute those responsible for the killings, disappearances, destruction of property and mass forced eviction makes the River State Government responsibleunderhumanrightslawfortheviolations. TheRiverStateGovernmentscontinuedforcedevictionsandtakingofancestral Ogoni farmlands in complete disregard for the consequential terror and loss of life directly resultant from its actions underscores this complicity. The political justificationsofferedoffoodsecurityandjobcreationfallwoefullyshort. ISSUEFORDETERMINATION Whether the mass forced evictions in Ogoniland by the River State Government, and the attendant killings and destruction of property, constitute violations/threatened violations of thousands of Ogoni families fundamental and humanrights,includingtorighttolife,righttodignityofthehumanperson,right toproperty,righttofairhearing,righttoadequatehousing/shelter,righttofood, righttowater,righttolivelihood,andtheOgonipeoplesrightstoeconomic,social

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andculturaldevelopmentandtodisposeoftheirownwealthandnaturalresources, asguaranteedbynumeroushumanrightsinstrumentstowhichNigeriaisparty. SUBMISSIONSREGARDINGHUMAN&PEOPLESRIGHTSVIOLATIONS a. MassforcedevictionsofOgonibytheRiverStateGovernment constituteviolationsofrighttoshelter/adequatehousing,righttofair hearing/dueprocess,andrighttoproperty

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ThetermforcedevictionisdefinedbytheCommitteeonEconomic,Socialand CulturalRightsinitsGeneralCommentNo.7asthepermanentortemporary removalagainsttheirwillofindividuals,familiesand/orcommunitiesfromthe homesand/orlandwhichtheyoccupy,withouttheprovisionof,andaccessto, appropriateformsoflegalorotherprotection.Membersoftheaffected communitiesherehavesufferedatleasttwodistinctbutrelatedforcedevictions: (1)fromthefarmlandsseizedbytheRiversStateGovernment;and(2)of memberstheSoghocommunitiesthroughthedestructionofhomes,businesses andcommunityfacilitiesandtherelatedcampaignofterror. ThefirstsetofforcedevictionsbeganwiththeRiversStateGovernments forcefulseizureandclearingoffarmlandsbelongingtomembersoftheUeken, Kaani,andLuusueSoghocommunitiesduringthependencyofatleastonecourt casechallengingtheprospectiveacquisition.Thistakeoveroflandoccurred withoutanydueprocessoflawneitherbywayofcompulsoryacquisition undertheLandUseActforanoverridingpublicpurposenorthroughvalid negotiationandagreementtopurchasewithconsentofthecommunityor affectedfamilies.Thefamiliesaffectedhavelostfarmlandthatwasusedfortheir subsistenceformanygenerationsifnotsincetimeimmemorial.Thishashad negativeimpactsontheirrighttofood,righttolivelihood,andpeoplesrightsto developmentandwayoflife(describedfurtherbelow). Thissetofforcedevictionsviolates,interalia,therighttopropertyandfair hearing/dueprocessofthosewhosefarmlandshavebeenforciblyseized.A violationoftherighttopropertyprotectedinnumerousinternationalhuman rightsinstrumentstowhichNigeriaisparty,amongthemtheInternational CovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights(ICCPR)andtheAfricanCharteronHuman andPeoplesRights(AfricanCharter).TheselawstogetherrequiredtheRivers StateGovernmenttodemonstrateavalidpublicneed/purposeforthe acquisition,useappropriateproceduresprescribedatlaw,andpaypromptand adequatecompensationtothosewhoselandwastobeacquired.TheRiversState Governmentnotfailedtocomplywiththeserequirementsparticularlywith regardtodemonstratingavalidpublicneed/purpose.Worse,theRiversState Governmenthastakenthelandbyforce,duringthependencyofalawsuitto enjointhesame,whilesupportingoracquiescingtoacampaignofterrorand violenceagainstthosewhoopposedtheseizureoftheirlands. Thelackofproceduralprotectionsthatformpartofthepropertyrightsviolation alsoamounttoseparateviolationsoftherighttofairhearing/dueprocess protectedunder,interalia,theICCPRandtheAfricanCharter.

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Thesecondwaveofforcedevictionsresultedfromtheseriesofviolentattacks fromMayJuly2012targetingSoghocommunitiesandcommunitymemberswho resistedthelandgrab.Theseattacksinvolvedtheburning,dynamitingand lootingofhundredsofhomesandbusinessesinSogho,alongwithatleast twentyone(21)killingsorenforceddisappearancesofcommunitymembers. Thesurroundingcircumstances,includingnighttimeattacks,andphonecalls sayingthatvictimswerebeingeatenorburiedalive,indicateadeliberate attempttoterrorizefamiliesandcommunities.Thesetacticssucceededinat leastoneentirecommunity,ZorSoghofleeingtheirvillageforapproximatelysix months,duringwhichmorehousesandbusinesseswerelootedanddestroyed. Theconsequencesforaffectedpersonsincludehomelessness,trauma,lossof property/incomeandnumerousrelatedformssuffering. Thissecondwaveofforcedevictions,likethoseabove,violatetherightto propertyandtherightfairhearing/dueprocessofaffectedpersons.Additionally, itviolatesaffectedpersonsrightstoadequateshelter/housingunderthe InternationalConventiononEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights(ICESCR)and theAfricanCharter1andtofreedomfrominterferencewithfamilyandprivate lifeundertheICCPR.TheRiversStateGovernmentiscomplicitintheserights violationsbecauseofdirectparticipationbythepoliceaswellastheirfailureto protectandthentoinvestigate,prosecuteorpunishthosedirectlyresponsible. b. Killingsandenforceddisappearancesconstituteviolationsofrighttolife SinceJune2011,morethanthirtycommunitymembershavebeenkilledorhave disappearedundercircumstancesthatcausetheirrelativestobelievetheywere killed.Manyofthosekilledwereactuallyshotbypolice(GotehKeenamandJohn EeneeDambani)orelsebyyoungmenarmedbyoneMeneleeNzidee(Mmea Nwaateyor)whowreckedhavoconSoghocommunitiesfromMayJuly2012 withthesupportand/oracquiescenceofthepolice. Inatleasttwocases,familymembersofpeoplewhodisappearedwereledto believetheirfamilymemberswerekilledinhorrifyingcircumstances.Maanyie BeegaaNlete(age25)waslastseenbywatersideinZorSoghoon27May2012. Afterhedisappeared,hisfather,MaanyieBeegaaNathaniel(age65)received callssaying,Yourboytastessweet.On13July2013,RaphaelNnaaLebe(age 71)wascapturedanddisappearedfromZorSogho.Hisfamilymemberslater receivedcallsthathewasbeingburiedalive.Neitherofthemensbodieswas everfound.Thesameistrueforotherswhodisappeared/arebelieveddead. Manyofthesedeathswerereportedorotherwisemadeknowntothepolice,but therehasneverbeenafullinvestigationoranyprosecutionofthoseresponsible. CommunitymemberspaidforautopsiestobedoneforbothGotehKeenamand JohnEeneeDambani;thesereportsarebelievedtobeinthecustodyoftheState CriminalInvestigationsDivision(CID).ThefatherofMaanyieBeeyaaNlete reportedhisdisappearance/presumeddeathtotheDPOinBoriandthenagain

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1InSERACv.Nigeria,Communication155/96,theAfricanCommissiononHumanandPeoplesRights

readArticles14,16,and18oftheAfricanChartertogethertofindanimplicitrighttoshelter. PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

 4.10 Thesekillingsorenforceddisappearancesincircumstancesinwhichtheperson ispresumeddeadconstituteviolationsoftherighttolifeasprotectedbythe 1999ConstitutionoftheFederalRepublicofNigeria,theAfricanCharter,the ICCPRandotherinternationalhumanrightsinstrumentstowhichNigeriais party.Thegovernmentisresponsiblefortheseviolationseitherbecauseofthe directactionsofitsagentsortheiracquiescenceandfailuretointerveneto protectpersonsduringaperiodofviolentcrisis.Alternatively,where(ashere) thegovernmenthasfailedinitsdutytoinvestigatesuchgravehumanrights violations,itbecomesresponsibleunderhumanrightslawfortheviolations. c. Failuretoinvestigateandmannerofkillingsanddestructionof housesandbusinessesconstituteviolationsofrighttodignityofthe humanperson(tortureandcruel,inhumananddegradingtreatment) 4.11 Particularfactsandcircumstancessurroundingthekillings,enforced disappearances,andforcedevictionsalsoamounttotortureorcruel,inhuman anddegradingtreatment(CIDT)inviolationoftherighttodignityofthehuman personprotectedundertheICCPR,theAfricanCharter,andtheUNConvention againstTorture(CAT),allhumanrightsinstrumentstowhichNigeriaisparty. 4.12 Firstly,manyfamilymembershaveneverlearnedthefateorrecoveredthebody oftheirlovedoneswhoweredisappearedandpresumablykilled.Accordingto establishedinternationalhumanrightslaw,thisamountstotortureorCIDTof thefamilymemberswhoexperienceanguishduetocontinueduncertainty.2 4.13 Similarly,thephonecallstotellfamilymembersindicatingthatalovedonewas beingeatenorburiedaliveareclearlyintendedtocauseanguishandterrorize thesurvivingfamilymembersandmaybeevenintendedtofacilitatetheforced evictionofthebroadercommunityofZorSogho.Suchdeliberateactsmustalso amounttotortureorCIDTofthesurvivingfamilymembers. 4.14 Finally,underthecircumstances,theburningordynamitingofcommunity membershomesespeciallywhensomanyoccurredatnightandwere accompaniedbyviolenceandpartofabroadercampaignofterroralsoamount totortureorCIDTofthoseaffected.Thisisinlinewithinternationalhuman rightsjurisprudencefromtheUNCommitteeagainstTorture.3 4.15 Thestatehasproactiveresponsibilitiestoprevent,investigateandremedy tortureorCIDT.Wherepoliceorotherstateagentswereawareoftheongoing violationsandfailedtopreventthem,theiracquiescencerendersthestate
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totheStateCID;howeverthepoliceneverresponded.WhenSERACfollowedup on5June2013,theinvestigatorsclaimedtheyknownothingaboutthecase.

The Human Rights Committee (HRC) has found just this circumstance to violate the family members right to know, amounting to violations of Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Quinteros Almeida v Uruguay, HRC Communication No. 107/1981, 21 July 1983, 14. 3 In lesser circumstances, the Committee against Torture foundthat the burning and destruction of houses constitute, in the circumstances, acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Dimitrijevic v Serbia and Montenegro, CAT Communication No. 207/2002, 24 November 2004, 9.2. PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

responsiblefortheviolations.Similarly,wherethepolicefailedtoinvestigate andprosecutethoseresponsible,thestatebecomesresponsible.

d. Violationsofrighttofood,righttowater,righttolivelihood 4.16 Asadirectconsequenceoftheforcedevictionsandattendantrightsviolations, theaffectedcommunitiesaresufferingdeprivationsthatconstituteviolationsof therighttofood,therighttowaterandrighttolivelihoodthathasbeenfoundto beimplicitintherighttolife. 4.17 Manyofthosewhosefarmlandshavebeenforciblyacquiredweresubsistence farmerswhocultivatedcropsinordertofeedthemselvesandtheircommunities. Anysurpluscropsweresoldatmarketsintheaffectedcommunitiesandwere essentialtotheareasfoodsecurity.Thus,theseizureoffarmlandswithout provisionofalternativefarmlands(asrequiredundertheLandUseAct)violates therighttofoodofaffectedfamiliesandthebroadercommunity. 4.18 Runningthroughthecenterofthefarmlandsthathavebeenforciblyseizedisa smallriverthatwasanessentialsourceofwater,aswellasfood(fish)and livelihood(sanddigging)forthesurroundingcommunities.Sincethelandshave beenseized,clearedandthebananaplantationhasstartedoperating,the surroundingcommunitiesaccesstothisessentialwatersourcehasbeencutoff. TherearereportsfromKaani,theimmediatedownstreamcommunityfromthe plantation,thattheflowofwaterhasbeenreducedtoalmostnothing,indicating thatthebananaplantationisverylikelydivertingthisimportantwatersource foritsownpurposes.Thus,thestatesponsoredbananaplantationisviolating thesurroundingcommunitiesrighttowater. 4.19 Further,sometimeinmid2013,thebananaplantationoperatorstrespassedinto communallandsbelongingtotheZorSoghocommunityandfilledinatleastone fishpondfromwhichthecommunityusedtoharvestfish.Alongwiththisfilling, theoperatorsdugacanalthatchannelswatersfromtheremainingfishpondsto theplantationanotherthreattothecommunitysrighttowaterandtofood.
Evidenceofsanddiggingaroundstreambedpassing throughbananaplantation,February2013 RecentlydugchannelcarrieswaterfromZorfishpond tobananaplantation

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4.19 Finally,implicitinalloftheabove,theforcedevictionsandattendantproperty rightsviolationshavealsoaffectedthelivelihoodsofthousandsofcommunity membersboththosewhofarmedandsoldtheirsurpluscropsandthose (tailors,shopowners,barkeeps)whosebusinessplaceswereburned/dynamited andinventory/equipmentlooted.WhenSERACvisitedthecommunitiesand interviewedcommunitymembersinFebruary2013,mosttestifiedthatthey havebeenpusheddeepintopovertyandhavenowaytostartover.Under internationalhumanrightslaw,therighttolivelihoodisimplicitintherightto life;4thustherehavebeenmassiveviolationsofaffectedpersonsrightstolife andlivelihood. e. ViolationoftheOgonipeoplesrightstoeconomic,socialandcultural developmentandtofreelydisposeoftheirwealth/naturalresources 4.20 ThepresentforcibleacquisitionofOgonifarmlandsisonlythelatestin numeroussuchacquisitionswithoutavalidpublicpurpose.Thesepast acquisitionshavenotbroughtanybenefitstothepublicortotheaffected communities,butratherthefarmlandshavebeenleftfallowortransferredto privatehands.ExamplesincludetheSchooltoLandFarmsinBoriand Kpaa/Den;AgriculturalDemonstrationFarminTaabaa;NigerDelta DevelopmentBasinAuthorityinKpon;RisonpalmLimitedinOkwale;NewTown DevelopmentinNyokuru/BeeriinKhanaLGA;andNonwaFishPondand SonghaiFarmLimitedinTaiLGA.Ofthese,onlythelastisstillfunctional. 4.21 Theaffectedcommunitiesfeelthattheyhavealreadylosttoogreataquantityof theirancestrallandsduetosuchacquisitionsandenvironmentaldevastation relatedtooilextraction.Theneteffectoftheresultinglossoffarmland underminestheOgoniwayoflifeandviolatestheirpeoplesrightsguaranteed underArticles21and22oftheAfricanCharteronHumanandPeoplesRights. 4.22 Thesetworights,likeothersenshrinedintheAfricanCharter,attachtopeoples ratherthanindividualsandareenforceableagainsttheGovernmentbymembers ofarecognizedpeople,suchastheOgoni.5Article22protectstheOgonipeoples righttotheireconomic,socialandculturaldevelopmentwithdueregardto theirfreedomandidentity.Article21,meanwhile,protectstheOgonisrightto freelydisposeoftheirwealthandnaturalresources,arighttobeexercisedin theexclusiveinterestofthepeople.Thisarticlealsoobligatesstateparties,such asNigeria,toeliminateallformsofforeigneconomicexploitationsoasto enabletheirpeopletofullybenefitfromtheadvantagesderivedfromtheir naturalresources.Finally,thisarticleprescribestheremedyforviolationsof thispeoplesright:Incaseofspoliationthedispossessedpeopleshallhavethe righttothelawfulrecoveryofitspropertyaswellastoadequatecompensation. 4.23 TheRiversStateGovernmentsforcedevictionoftheaffectedcommunitiesfrom theirfarmlands,inlightofthepatternofpastacquisitionwithoutavalidpublic interest/purposeandmassiveoildegradationofOgonifarmlands,infringeson
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5InSERACv.Nigeria,Communication155/96,theAfricanCommissionrecognizedtheOgoniasapeople

Indian Supreme Court, Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (2007) CHR 241, at page 22.

withinthemeaningoftheAfricanCharterbyfindingviolationsoftheOgonisrightsunderArticle21. PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

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theirwayoflifeespeciallywithregardtotheimportanceofsubsistencefarming, useofforestsandriversforfoodandlivelihood.Assuch,itamountstoa violationoftheOgonisrightstoeconomic,socialandculturaldevelopment. 4.23 Theforcedevictionfurtherinterfereswiththeirrighttofreelydisposeoftheir wealthandnaturalresources.ThereportedparticipationofaMexicanforeign investorinthepurportedpublicprivatepartnershiptoestablishacommercial bananaplantationinlieuofsubsistencefarmingishighlysuspect,suggesting thattheRiversStateGovernmenthasfailedinitsobligationtoensurethat naturalresourcesbenefitthepeopleratherthanforeignorotherprivate economicinterests.Theremedyforsuchspoliationisclear:lawfulrecoveryof thepropertyandadequatecompensationforthesuffering/harmscaused. 5.0 PRAYERS/REPARATIONSSOUGHT Inlightoftheabove,thepetitionersprayforthefollowingandallotherreparationsthe Commissionseesfittoorderunderthecircumstances: 5.1 ADECLARATIONthatthemassforcedevictionsoftheOgonicommunitiesbythe RiverStateGovernmentconstituteviolationsoftheirrighttoshelter/adequate housing,righttofairhearing/dueprocess,andrighttoproperty. 5.2 ADECLARATIONthatthekillingsandenforceddisappearancesofatleast twentyonecommunitymembersconstituteviolationsofrighttolifeforwhich theRiversStateGovernmentisaccountablebyitsdirectparticipation,support and/oracquiescenceandfailuretoinvestigate. 5.3 ADECLARATIONthatthemannerofkillingsanddestructionofhousesand businesses,andtheStatesfailuretoinvestigatethekillings/enforced disappearances,constitutetortureand/orcruel,inhumananddegrading treatmentinviolationofrighttodignityofthehumanperson. 5.4 ADECLARATIONthatthemassforcedevictionsanddevelopmentactivitieson theseizedlandshaveresultedinviolationsoftheaffectedcommunitiesrightto food,righttowater,andrighttolivelihood. 5.5 ADECLARATIONthatthemassforcedevictionsoftheaffectedcommunities fromtheirfarmlands,inlightofbroaderpatternoflandgrabandenvironmental degradationacrossOgoniland,amounttoviolationsoftheOgonipeoplesrights toeconomic,socialandculturaldevelopmentandtofreelydisposeoftheir wealth/naturalresources. 5.6 ANORDEROFMANDATORYINJUNCTIONfortheRiversStateGovernmentto returnthelandswrongfullyseizedfordevelopmentofacommercialbanana plantationtotheirownersinUeken,KaaniandLuusueSoghocommunities. 5.7 ANORDEROFMANDATORYINJUNCTIONfortheRiversStateGovernment, whetherbyitselforthroughtheNigerianPoliceForce,toinvestigatethekillings,

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enforceddisappearances,anddestruction/lootingofpropertiesintheaffected Soghocommunitiesinordertoidentify,prosecuteandpunishthoseresponsible. ANORDEROFPERPETUALINJUNCTIONrestrainingtheRiversState Government,whetherbyitself,throughitsagentsorhowsoever,fromacquiring furtherlandsintheaffectedcommunitiesorelsewhereinOgonilandexceptin strictestcompliancewithitsobligationsunderhumanrightslaw.

5.10 ANAWARDofN50millioningeneraldamagestothefamilyofeachpersonkilled ordisappearedintheviolencesurroundingtheforcedevictionsintheaffected communities. 5.11 ANAWARDofN20millioningeneraldamagestoeachindividualorfamily whosehome,business,orotherpropertywasdestroyed/lootedduringthe violencesurroundingtheforcedevictions. 5.12 ANAWARDofN10millioningeneraldamagesforeachindividualorfamily whosefarmlandswereforcefullyseizedandcleared.

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ExhibitA. CorrespondencefromTraditionalChiefswithoutCommunityConsulation/Consent

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PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

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PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

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PetitionRegardingOngoingForcedEvictioninOgoniland

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 ExhibitB. LettertoHonourableCommissionerofAgricultureforRiversState

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 ExhibitC. ListofPersonsKilledDuringCrisisinSoghoCommunities
S/N 1. 2. NAME OF DECEASED Goteh Keenam, Male, 20 John Eenee Dambani, Male,27 DETAILSOFDEATH/INVESTIGATION COMMUNITY He was shot between 7 and 8am on 12 June 2011 in Zor ZorSogho Sogho by members of the AntiRobbery Squad from Bori whocameinavehicledrivenbyOfficerAkpante. He was shot between 7 and 8am on 12 June 2011 in Zor ZorSogho Sogho by members of the AntiRobbery Squad from Bori whocameinavehicledrivenbyOfficerAkpante. ZorSogho

3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Maanyie Hewasshotdeadon27May2012bywatersideinZorand Beegaa Nlete, his body has not been found to this date. Father later 25,Male received a call from someone saying, Your boy tastes sweet.FatherreportedtothepoliceatEneme,theninBori andthenagaininPortHarcourtatStateCID. Nyerema He wasshot on 28 May 2012 during the crisis over Banana Mkpaamue, Farm. His dead body is still in the mortuary in Bori. An 26,Male autopsywasdone. Raphael Nnaa He was captured during the crisis on 13 July 2012. He just Lebe,71,Male returnedfromBonnywherehehadbeenworking.Hisfamily latergotacallfromhiscaptorsthattheywereburyinghim alive.Bodywasnotfound. Mmea Hewasshotinthestomachandcutwithamachete.Hewent Goneewa tocheckonhishome,andgotcaughtbyboyswhohadbeen Nwaateyor, armedbytheGovernmentthroughMeneleNziideetosilence 25,Male the ZorSogho community because it is against the sale of land for banana farm. He fought and they shot him in the stomachandthencuthisfrontshoulderwithamacheteand then carried his body away. His body was never found, but familymembersreceivedacallsayinghewaseaten. Mmea She was shot dead inside the house because she was not Nwaakwa, 55, strong enough to run when she and her family heard them Female comingandstartedrunning.Thehousewasalsoburntdown. Herfamilymemberssnuckhomefromhidingtoburyherin thenightandranawayagain. Gbarabe He died around 7 June 2012 from being beaten to death. Nwakamma, Gbarabe was sick when the family fled and he stayed at Male,20 home.Whenhisfatherreceivedsomesortofcommunication stating that his son had been beaten, Gbarabes mother returnedtothefamilyhomeandfoundhersonsbody,which appearedtohavebeenbeatentodeath. Nsaanee He disappeared around 13 June 2021. When the Anglican Nsereka Bishop sent out a SMS telling people to return home, Nelson, Male, Nsaanee decided to check on his home. When the shooting 75 starteddownthestreet,hestartedrunning.Hewascaptured andhehasnotbeenheardfromsince.However,thenextday his son received a call from someone who stated that Nsaaneehadtastedsweetindicatingthathadbeeneaten. Tornyiye He died around 15 June 2012, after being shot in the side.

ZorSogho ZorSogho

ZorSogho

ZorSogho

ZorSogho

ZorSogho

ZorSogho

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12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17.

18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Adamkue Tornyie had returned with some friends to check on things Monday, Male, inZorSoghoafteranAnglicanBishophadsentoutanSMSto 18 the community urging them to return home. While walking town the main street towards a junction to meet the Anglican Bishop, he was shot in the left side ribs, and was taken toPort Harcourt to gotothe hospital. Aftertwo days there, he died. His body is still at the morgue at UPTH and the man who took him to the hospital has his death certificateandaphotoofhimdeadinthehospital. PiawaaNelson Aluba Bari Ndinee Warrytex Abaasinee Naasaa Nelson Nelsonwassickon27May2012andhadtostayinthehouse Aworitesa,48 despite the attack on his village; he was beaten to death in his home. His brother found him later in the day with bruises/woundsalloverbody;buriednextday. Gift _________, She was killed by military when riding on back of okada Female,17 betweenZorandLuusueSogho;shotatmilitarycheckpoint inearlyJanuary2013.Bodystillinmortuary Pastor S.M. On10July2012,Lebara(apastorandlender)leftLuusueat Lebara 6:30amtogoBarakaanitocollectmoneyfromamanthere; whenhecrossedintoZor,hismotorbikewasmetbyamob who carried him and his bike away; both disappeared and neverfound;matterreportedtopoliceinBoriandDPOand areacommandercametoSogho;searchedforbody,butsaid theycoulddonothingwithoutthebody. MkpoMkii Hedisappearedon27May2012.Hisfathersawpeoplecome into the yard and hit Mkpo with clubs and carry him away. Hehasnotheardfromhimsinceandbelieveshissonisdead. NobleKinanee Killed by hot petrol in Eleme by youths who had followed himoutofthecommunity. FemiBinah Killedon20August2012inTekaSoghobyastraybullet Ndiwaa B Killed on 28 July 2012 by a spray of bullets from an Nnaa unknownuniformedmanatherresidenceinTekaSogho Shadwack Pri Killedbyastraybulletwhichstruckhimashewasworking Akeegbo in his farm where he fled to escape the violence, died from uncontrollablebleeding Mr. Abel Nke Abducted by uniformed men on route from home to Bori, eeh presumeddead Mrs.AbelNke Abducted by uniformed men on route from home to Bori, eeh presumeddead Mr.HarrisonB Killedon24June2012byasprayofbulletsfromuniformed Taabere men,ashewastryingtofleetheviolence CeciliaTeedu Killedbysprayofbulletson28August2012whilereturning fromchurchservice Mr. Needam Killedbysprayofbulletson3June2012whiletryingtoflee. Ndii Mr. Nyeghere Killedbysprayofbulletson4June2012whiletryingtoflee. Nkpodee MercyJob Killedbyon24July2012andherbodywastakenaway Mr. Barinua Killedon28May2012

ZorSogho ZorSogho ZorSogho ZorSogho

ZorSogho LuusueSogho

LuusueSogho LuusueSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho Barakani

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31.

Nnordee Master Baridakara Nnaa

Killedon31May2012

Sogho Barakani Sogho

ListofPersonsWhoDiedduetoCircumstancesRelatedtoCrisis
COMMUNITY Akporo Sogho Akporo Sogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho TekaSogho S/N NAME OF DETAILSOFDEATH/INVESTIGATION DECEASED 1. Akpara Ka Nnaa,Male,25 2. AwekaMnaa 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. G.T.Eyo NaadeKabari MaayieMbani Mrs. M. Karawo MarkMbiabu RichardAdoo KabariPyanee MosesMbani Rosanna Ndolo NkoNgbh Diedinamotorcycleaccidentwhiletryingtofleethecrisis Diedfromhighbloodpressureasresultofcrisis

Diedfromsnakebitereceivedinbushwherehefledduring TekaSogho thecrisis Diedfromsicknesswhilehidinginbushfor3weeksafterhe TekaSogho fledfromhishomeduetothecrisis TekaSogho Diedfromsicknesswhilehidinginbushfor3weeksafterhe TekaSogho fledfromhishomeduetothecrisis Diedinmotorbikeaccidentwhiletryingtofleethecrisis TekaSogho TekaSogho LuusueSogho ZorSogho

15. 16. 17.

18.

19.

Diedwhenfellonstumpinbushafterfleeingfromgunshots outsideofherhouse SerenaAluma Diedofstarvationbecauseshewasunabletoleaveherhouse duringthecrisis JennetMpim Diedon26July2012duetohealthproblemsstemmingfrom thecrisis.On27June,whenthecrisisreturnedandtheyran away,Jennetfellinapitandbrokeherleg.Theycouldnot getheradequatemedicalcareinOkwalewheretheyfledand shediedamonthlater. HelenBie Diedofhypertension. MaryDorbu Died on 9 September 2012. Mary was very old, and when theyranfromthehomeitwastoomuchforher.Shediedof hypertensionandstarvationmonthsaftertheyfled. RufusKamaru Died around 1 June 2012. While they were running away from the home onMay27,Kamarufell and injuredhimself. His family helped him up and they continued running. He puked blood when they picked him up, and he continued pukingbloodforthenextthreedaysbeforehedied.Hewas older,sothefalllikelyinjuredhim. MleueSuakpo Died around 16 July 2012. Mleue was old, so when people heardgunfireandstartedrunningawayfromtheirhomeson July 11, Mleue opted to stay in the family home when her daughter and grandchildren fled. She was found five days later,havingdiedofstarvation. Hellen Sarro Died of illness because she could not get proper treatment

ZorSogho ZorSogho

LuusueSogho

Barakani

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20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

Mkpae Mr. Jonah Goteh Ngbo Gbara Mrs. Auwa SaroMkpae Mr. Barisua Nkpagayee Chief Tomas Nkpae Elder Job Nkpae Mrs. Nnwawii Ndidinee Mrs. Barisi Nbaragbon

duringthecrisis Sogho Died of acute paralysis on 2 June 2012 at Okwale town Barakani havingbeendisplacedfromhishometownduetothecrisis Sogho Diedofchronicstomachcomplicationson15July2012 Diedduetotheconflict Barakani Sogho Barakani Sogho ZorSogho ZorSogho ZorSogho ZorSogho

*** Additionally, many people suffered injuries, but did not die. For example, Chief BarinekaNdeeofTekaSoghowasshotinthehandandarmbyJTF,buthewasabletoget toahospitaltogetthewoundtreated.Similarly,AbelMbiabuwasshotinthekneebyJTF during the crisis, and has survived but has difficulty walking. Also, Mr. John Gabriel was machetedbeyondrecognition,butsurvived.

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 ExhibitD.

OnFebruary1011,2013,SERACStaffAttorneysAndrewMakiandMeganChapman visitedthecommunitiesofZorandLuusueSoghoinordertoseethehomesand businessesthatwereburned/lootedduringtheMayJuly2012crisis.Thenumberof housesandindividualstoriesweresonumerousthatitwasimpossibleinafewhoursto seeallorkeepalist/record.AndrewMakisawtheruinsofapproximately6070houses inallandtalkedtoapproximately35affectedhouseholds(seelistbelow),and estimatedasmanyas1,000housesandbusinesseswereburned/destroyedandlooted withinZorandLuusueSogho. Someofthehomeownerswereathomewhenthelootingbeganandranawaywhen menarmedwithgunsbrokeintothehouse.Manyofthehouseswerelootedafter communitymembersfledthevillage,leavinghousesempty.Fromhousetohouse, nearlyallglasswindowswereshatteredandwoodpaneldoorshadbeenremoved. Manyofthehouseshadbulletholes.Somehouseshadbeendynamitedorotherwise burnedtotheground.Thezincwasremovedoffsomehouses.Allmoveableitemsof valuehadbeenlooted,leavingmosthouseseitheremptyorscatteredwithdebris.Most housesremainunoccupiedtoday.
ChiefBobees housewas broken into/looted; seebullet holesinhis frontdoor (upperleft); Rubbleof provisions storeowned byMs. Barinaria, dynamited (upperright)

SERACDocumentationofDestructioninSogho

Mrs. TailorshopownedbyMr.and GodspowerNkuesi,allsewing

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machinesandequipmentlooted,buildingdestroyed(left)

Houselootedanddemolishedduringcrisis(upperright);SaturdayAmanyie,houselooted(shown upperleft);alsowindowsbroken,doorsremoved,andboreholedestroyed

JohnNzidee,mudhutdestroyedleavingonlyzinc(upperleft);buildingpartiallydestroyedand completelylootedatcenterofZorSogho(upperright)

Belowarethelistsof35affectedpersonswhowereindividuallyinterviewedduringthis visit.Photosofthedestructionareavailableforallthesepersonsandothers. 1. Mr.GodspowerNkuesihistailorshop(runningsince2008)dynamited 2. GodwinKpakolshopandbarbingsalon(10yearsrunning)destroyed 3. JohnVeeduehotel(21yearsrunning)looted,totallyempty,noroof) 4. AliceGbargbarageneralprovisionstore(runningfor3years)dynamited 5. SundayNlerarestaurant(runningfor9years)looted

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6. BabaMousashoe/beltshop(standonroadside)looted 7. EstherLetimMkirikoshopatthecornerofmainroadgoingintoZor(acrossfrom bigtree),sellingdrinks/provisionsfor10years,looted/partiallyburned 8. PreciousBelehousedestroyedandlooted 9. JohnMbaahousedestroyedandlooted 10. LukeTabadeehousewasoneoffirstlootedduringcrisis(2amMay27) 11. ChristopherT.Markhouselootedanddestroyed 12. PatienceMpianwihouselootedanddestroyed 13. CeciliaAsukpugihouseandborehole(pump)destroyed 14. SaturdayMananyieson(Stanley)isSecretaryofthecommunity,windows,doors, toilet,boreholealllootedordestroyed 15. JohnNzideemudhutdestroyedandlooted 16. JohnAkekelooted,windows/ceilingdestroyed(gunshotsthroughceiling) 17. Thankgod Uete house/store looted, windows/doors destroyed, identified Moses Babarieebaasheadofgangresponsible 18. CosmosAmonikpohouselooted 19. JennyBarinwaNdeegwewallsofmudhousehaveholes 20. EeneeNkuehouselootedandcompletelydestroyedthroughuseofdynamite 21. WoodfredYubedeedoors/windowsbroken,houselooted 22. JacobKomadehouselooted 23. Esther&InnocentDineehouseburned/looted 24. WilfredAkinahouselooted 25. SamuelAkpo&JollyAsigere,wellpoisonedbydeadbody 26. AposdreNsamamwindowmaker,shoplooted 27. LekaraKpaihouselooted/burned,dynamitedon27May2012 28. JohnNtaaghehouselooted 29. ThomasAkinehouselooted 30. NwakamaKpaihousedestroyed 31. MarcusAkinehousebrokenintoandpropertylooted 32. SamNkuehousedynamited 33. Rev.PeterMkpenemansionlootedandcompletelydestroyedbydynamite 34. MbubeAkerimansionlootedanddynamited,zinctakenfromoneroof 35. DavidMkpeahouselooted 36. ChiefF.M.NaasuehispetrolstationonEastWestRoadinLuusuewasvandalized, all petrol stolen and used to help burn houses on 27 May; his house in Zor Sogho wasalsopartiallydestroyedandlootedon28May 37. BarineMpimprovisionstorebrokenintoandlooted 38. NkosiShadrachhouselooted/destroyed 39. JohnNdegwenamedplaintiffinsuitagainstRSGincourt;housewasdestroyed,all propertylooted 40. SamsonMbazahiscompounddynamited,looted;cropsdestroyed;chickensstolen; hissonsweldingshopdestroyedandallequipmentlooted 41. JennyNdegweherhomewaslooted,destroyedon27May2012;shesawmenin black uniforms carrying guns and ran away; all her crops cut down, the borehole wasclosedinsoshecannolongerreturn 42. EsterAunehousewaslootedandzincroofdestroyedon27May2012;aftershe returned,sheboughtnewzinctoputon,oneoftheboysworkingforMeneleNzidee threatenedtocarryitawayifsherepairedtheroof

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43. FridayMaekaehouselooted,doorbrokendown/destroyedbysoldierswhocame onMay30(searchinghousetohouselookingforweapons) 44. Friday Adooe house and mechanics workshop burned down, looted on 27 May; camebacklaterandstartedtorebuild;then27July,theycameagainandeverything wasagainburned/destroyedalloveragain 45. ChiefJohnNgbogbarahousedestroyedbygunmen 46. Mr.LekaraNsaaneehousesetablazeduringcrisis 47. Mr.UebaraiMpianwihousedestroyed,importantitemslootedduringthecrisis 48. Mr.EmmanuelObenyieNkirikahousedamagedduringcrisis 49. Hon.Dr.JohnAmuehousedestroyedduringcrisis

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