Exercises

I.
For each of the following elementary valid
argument, state the rule of inference follows from
its premiss or premises.
1. ( A B ) C
( A B ) [( A B) C]
2. (D v E) (F v G)
D v E
3. H I

9.

(F G) ~(G~F)
~ (G~F) (GF)

(F G) (GF)
10. ~(H~I) (HI)
(I H) ~(H~I)
(I H) (HI)
11. (AB) (CvD)
AB
C v D

(H I) v (H~I)
4. ~(J K) (L ~M)

12. [E(F~G)] v (C v D)

~ (J K)
5. [N (O P)] [ Q (O R)]
NvQ

CvD
13. (C v D) [(J v K) (J K)]
~ [(J v K) (J K)]

(O P) v (O R)
6. (X v T) ~(Z ~A)
~~ (Z ~A)
~ (X v Y)
7.

(S T) v [(UV) v (U W)]
~(S T)

(U V) v (U W)
8. ~(B C) (D v E)
~(B C)
DvE

~ [E (F~G)]

CvD
14. ~[L (M N)] ~(C v D)
~ [L (M N)]
~(C v D)
15. (J K) (K L)
LM
[(J K) (K L)] (L M)
16. N (O v P)
Q (O v R)
[Q (O v R)] [N (O v P)]

17. (S T) (U V)
(S T) [(S T) (U V)
18. (~W X) (Y Z)
[(~W X) (Y Z)] v (X ~Z)
19. [(H ~I) C] [(I ~H) D]
[(H ~I) v (I ~H)]
CvD
20. [(O P) Q] ~(C v D)
(C v D) [(O P) Q]
(C v D) ~(C v D)
II.

Each of the following is a formal proof of validity

for the indicated argument. State the justification
for each numbered line that is not a premise.
1. 1. A B
2. (A v C) D
AD
3. A
4. A v C
5. D
6. A D
2. 1. (E v F) (G v H)
2. (E G) (F H)
3. ~G
H
4. E v F
5. G v H

6. H
3. 1. I J
2. J K
3. L M
4. I v L
KvM
5. I K
6. (I K) (L M)
7. K v M
4. 1. N O
2. (N O) P
3. ~ (N P)
~N
4. N (NO)
5. N P
6. N (NP)
7. ~N
5. 1. Q R
2. ~S (T U)
3. S v (Q v T)
4. ~S
RvU
5. T U
6. (Q R) (T U)
7. Q v U
8. R v U
6. 1. W X
2. (W Y) (Z X)

3. (W X) Y
4. ~Z
X
5. W (W X)
6. W Y
7. Z v X
8. X
7. 1. (A v B) C
2. (C v B) [A (D E)]
3. A D
DE
4. A
5. A v B
6. C
7. C v B
8. A (D E)
9. D E
8. 1. F ~G
2. ~F (H ~G)
3. (~I v ~H) ~~G
4. ~I
~H
5. ~I v ~H
6. ~~G
7. ~F
8. H ~G
9. ~H

9. 1. I J
2. I v (~~K ~~J)
3. L ~K
4. ~ (I J)
~L v ~J
5. I (I J)
6. ~I
7. ~~K ~~J
8. ~~K
9. ~L
10. ~L v ~J
10. 1. (L M) (N O)
2. (P ~Q) (M ~Q)
3. {[(P ~Q) v (R S)] (N v O)} [(R
S) (L M)]
4. (P ~Q) v (R S)
5. N v O
(M ~Q) v (N O)
6. [(P ~Q) v (R S) (N v O)
7. (R S) (L M)
8. (R S) (N O)
9. [(P ~Q) (M ~Q)] [(R S) (N
O)]
10. (M ~Q) v (N O)

2. ~V
III.

For each of the following adding just two

statements to the premises with produce a formal
proof of validity. Construct a formal proof of
validity for each of the following arguments.
1. 1. A
2. B
(A v C) B
2. 1. D E
2. D F
E
3. 1. G
2. H
(G H) v I
4. 1. J K
2. J
KvL
5. 1. M v N
2. ~M ~O
N
6. 1. P Q
2. R
PR
7. 1. S T
2. ~T ~U
~S
8. 1. V v W

WvX
9. 1. Y Z
2. Y
YZ
10. 1. A B
2. (A B) C
AC
11. D E
(E F) (F D)
DF
12. (G H) (I J)
G
HvJ
13. ~(K L)
K
~K
14. (M N) (M O)
NO
MO
15. (P Q) (R S)
(P v R) (Q v R)
QvS
16. (T U) (T V)
T
UvV

17. (W v X) Y
W

~ (W X)
26. A B
AvC
CD

Y
18. (Z A) (B C)
ZA

BvD
27. (E F) v (G H)
IG
~ (E F)

Z (B C)
19. D E
[D (D E)] (F ~G)
F ~G
20. (~H v I) v J
~ (~H v I)

I H
28. J v ~K
K v (L J)
~J

J v ~H
21. (K L) M
~M ~ (LK)

LJ
29. (M N) (O P)
NP
(N P) (M v O)

~ (KL)
22. (N O) (P Q)
[P (N O)] [N (P Q)]

NvP
30. Q (R v S)
(T U) R
(R v S) (T U)

P (P Q)
23. R S
S (S R)
[R (R S)] [S (S R)]
24. [T (U v V)] [U (T v V)]
(T v U) (U v V)
(U v V) v (T v V)
25. (W X) (Y Z)
~ [(W X) (Y Z)]

QR

IV.

For each of the following adding just three

statements to the premises will produce a formal
proof of validity. Construct a formal proof of
validity for each of the following statements.

1. A v (B A)
~A C
~B
2. (D v E) (F G)
D
F
3. (H I) (H J)
H (I v J)
IvJ
4. (K L) M
KL
K [(K L) M]
5. N [(N O) P]
NO
P
6. Q R
RS
~S
~Q ~R
7. T U
V v ~U
~V ~W
~T
8. ~X Y
ZX
~X
Y ~Z
9. (A v B) ~C
CvD

V.

A
D
10. E v ~F
F v (E v G)
~E
G
11. (H I) (J K)
KvH
~K
I
12. L v (M N)
~L (N O)
~L
MO
13. (P Q) (Q P)
RS
PvR
QvS
14. (T U) (V W)
(U X) (W Y)
T
XvY
15. (Z A) B
BA
(B A) (A P)
(Z A) (A B)
Construct a formal proof of validity for each of the
following arguments.

1. A B
A v (C D)
~B ~E
C
2. (F G) (H I)
JK
(F v J) (H v L)
GvK
3. (~M ~N) (O N)
NM
~M
~O
4. (K v L) (M v N)
(M v N) (O P)
K
O
5. (Q R) (S T)
(U V) (W X)
QvU
RvU
6. W X
(W X) Y
(W Y) Z
WZ
7. A B
CD
AvC
(A B) v (C D)
8. (E v F) (G H)

(G v H) I
E
I
9. J K
KvL
(L ~J) (M ~J)
~K
M
10. (N v O) P
(P v Q) R
QvN
~Q
R

Symbols