THIS MORNING WAS FINER THAN THE OTHERS…

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10

11 1213 14 15
7 1 8 1 9 20
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26 27
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Hey! 13th has arrived! I’ m
off on my holiday!

Finally we’ re going, all of us

buddies on a boys’ trip to
Soman’ s village.

Wow! I hope it has a fancy

video game parlour and mall
just like we do.

SOON, JC IS ALL SET TO LEAVE…

Bye JC! Take

care of yourself!
Follow what I
have said, and
you’ ll stay out
of trouble! Okay Ma! Bye!

BUT WHEN THEY REACHED THE VILLAGE, THEY WERE SURPRISED AT WHAT THEY SAW…

What kind of a place is this? No

cars, no buses, nothing! Only animals
for transport! This is so uncool yaar.

This is how it was many years back JC, before

cars were invented. People used to go from
place to place either on foot or riding on animals
and bullock carts! Now let’ s go to my house and
get something to eat! No one has stayed there for
weeks, so we also have some cleaning up to do!

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 01

21
THEY GO WALKING TO SOMAN’ S HOUSE, WHERE THEY TAKE REST…

So what are you planning?

I really don’ t know! In today’ s world we
have electric trains and monorails.
monorails Planes
were developed right back in the 1 900s!
900s!
But here, even today, there is animal
transportation!

AND THEN THEY HEAR A KNOCK...

Hello Soman! I’ m Hmm… So this place does have a Hahaha! I see you’ re upset with the lack
Raju, your telephone, eh? Good to hear that! of modern transport. Okay! I have a
neighbour! Your little adventure for you and your friends!
mother called me You make a bullock cart and I’ ll give you
up and told me that two of my bullocks to run it! How does
you would be coming that sound, eh?
here for the
Wow! Great! But we will need some tools!
holidays!

I’ ll give you the tools! If you need help,

call me ok? Now I’ ll go and get the tools!

02
22 MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES
SOON JC AND HIS FRIENDS GET TO WORK…
Phew! This is hard work!

Yeah! The sun is setting.

I think we should start heading
back! The house is quite far away!

Yes! I agree! Let’ s collect all that we’ ve

chopped. We’ ll fix the cart in the house.

AT HOME THEY DISCOVERED TO THEIR DISMAY...

And so have I!
Hey! These pieces are all different!
Didn’ t you measure them before cutting? Yeah! Me too!
Oh no! Well,
no point crying
now! Let’ s
Of course we get some sleep!
did! I’ ve cut
every piece
perfectly
five feet!

Y OF USELESS WORK.
BUT AFTER A WHOLE DA

Hmm…How could
this happen? Oh yes!
Why didn’ t I think
of it before! Let
me ask Gizmo
the answer.

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 03

23
SUDDENLY THE WOODEN PIECES SPRING TO LIFE...

Whoa! Hey! I need to ask you something! Why on earth are

you of different sizes? We measured you all
exactly five feet
feet! How is this possible?

Hahaha…Okay! Tell me, are you all of exactly the same height
height?

No. And your feet, are they

of the same size?

Oh! It was so silly of me not to realize! We all

measured five feet but with different sized feet
feet.

AND THEY Formerly, people used only their hands and feet to
TEACH JC... measure things. CUBIT was the length from the elbow

t
bi
cu
fingertips But it was soon realized, that
to the fingertips. t
foo
everyone’ s measurements turned out to be different
different.
So, your ancestors thought up a standard way of
measurement
measurement. That’ s the system people use today!

Wow! So there were people before who

made mistakes like us? If only you had
told me this some time back! Anyway,
how do we use this standard system?

Follow us. We’ ll show you!

There is something called the SI UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

The International System of Units
Units. Have you heard of it?

No. Hmm…Okay. Do you play cricket?

Have you brought your bat along?

Of course! Why?

Okay. In the morning, tell all your

friends to measure us with the length
of the bat. No feet, no cubits. Measure
us as one length, two lengths or one
Now go and get some sleep! We’ ll
and a half length of the bat bat.
catch up with you in the morning!

04 MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES

24
NEXT MORNING… Hey JC! You were murmuring
something about Standard
Units in your sleep. What
on earth was that?
I was wondering why all those pieces
of wood were sized differently.Well,
that’ s because the size of our measuring
different See, our feet sizes
medium was different!
are not the same. That’ s why some pieces
were big and some small.

Of course!!! Why didn’ t I think of that? So today we’ ll take our cricket bat and measure all
blocks with the length of the bat. We’ ll cut the
pieces of wood again, but all two bats long instead
of five feet! Got it?

AND SO THE WORK BEGINS BUT THERE ARE STILL SOME ISSUES...

We can’ t work like this! This is far too

slow! We have just one bat! We need some
more things to measure the same length.

Why don’ t we ask your neighbour?

He may have a solution to this!

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 05

25
AND SO ALL OF THEM GO TO RAJU’ S HOUSE…

Well, I can give you some SCALES

SCALES.
So what do you I also have a MARKED THREAD to
think we could measure a cu rved su rface
rface. Come
use? in! I’ ll give them to you.

First you m u st kn ow this.

1 m etre (m ) = 1 00 cen tim etres

etres(cm
(cm ).
1 cm = 1 0 m illim etres (m m ).
On ly if you kn ow this, you
can take m easu rem en ts properly!

So there are markings

of 100 centimetres on
a metre scale.

Hmm…You
are a very
intelligent
boy JC! You
go now!
Happy
Go-carting!

06
26 MOTION AND
MOTION AND MEASURING
MEASURINGDISTANCES
DISTANCES
SOME TIME LATER, JC DECIDED HIS WRIST-BAND WAS NEEDED ONCE MORE…
A B C
While measuring an object, always place the scale horizontally along the
measuring
length of the object. Also, stick the scale to the object you are measuring.

Not so fast, JC! Your eyes need to be directly

above the point of which the measurement is to
CORRECT METHOD
be taken! Only then will you get an exact OF USING A RULER
measurement of the object! Got it, eh?

Yes! Thank you … uhm… wooden block!

Who are you calling

’ wooden block’ eh? I’ m
Teak. This is Timber!

Oh! Yeah! Right!

Sorry Teak!

SOON, ALL WAS READY…ALL EXCEPT JUST ONE THING…

Well? What about the wheels? We can’ t

measure them with a straight scale, can we?

No. I remember Raju telling about using a thread to measure curved

surfaces Just place the thread along the curve you want, mark the
surfaces.
length and you will get the measurement by placing the thread
scale. C’ mon! It’ s not complicated if you use your brains!
alongside a scale

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 07

27
AND IN A MIRACLE OF TIME…

IN THE AFTERNOON, EVERYONE EXCEPT JC TOOK A DEEP LONG NAP!

I wonder how these wheels are

going to run ! This is more
complicated than I thought it
would be! Oh! Oh I get it! My
wristband! Well well!

THE NEXT SECOND…

Oh! Sorry for that! It’ s our
first time! But I need to ask
you something before my
Hello JC! I must say, you
friends wake up!
have made me a little
shaky don’ t you think?

How do we
attach
Okay…Shoot!
the wheels?

08
28 MOTION
MOTION AND
AND MEASURING
MEASURING DISTANCES
DISTANCES
 Rectilinear Motion
Hmm…That’ s simple. First understand that the wheels and I
motion
move differently. I mean we follow different types of motion.

MOTION ? You mean changing

Circular Motion
positions with time
time?

Periodic Motion
round This is called
Yeah. The wheels move round and round.
MOTION And I move in a straight line
CIRCULAR MOTION. line. This
is called RECTILINEAR MOTION
MOTION.

PERIODIC MOTION is another type of motion which gets repeated after a fixed period of time.

Wait, now tell me. Will I be able to

Oh! I see! But how is this move if the wheels cannot rotate?
motion going to help me?

Definitely not!

Hahaha! So you don’ t need to fix the wheels!

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ’ YOU DON’ T NEED TO FIX THE WHEELS’ ?

I mean you don’ t need any screws and bolts! If you

use screws to fix the wheels, then how will they rotate?
1 . Y o u n e e d to firs t a tta ch th e
w h e e ls to th e e n d s o f a ro d .
2. Th e n p la ce th e ro d o n a s m o o th
h o ld th ro u g h th e ca rt.
3. Allo w to m o v e fre e ly .

AND THEN WHAT FUN... SOON THE ADVENTURE CAME TO AN END.

IT WAS TIME TO END THEIR HOLIDAY…

Goodbye Raju! See you soon! Thanks for the help!

Bye! I will
miss you all.

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 09

29
…AND RETURN TO TROUBLE!!!

Hello Ma! I’ m back!

Welcome home JC! I
heard that you
made your own bullock
cart! I am so proud of
you!

Oh it was nothing Ma!

I’ m glad you You know I have always wanted to

We had so much enjoyed yourself! have a bullock cart! Gives you an
fun there! Thanks Even I want to see ancient touch in this modern world…
for sending me Ma! how you made
that cart. Can
you make one
here?
HUMP H! !
I have already
brought the
tools for you!!!

And so JC had to sweat it out once

again! But never mind that! He’ s too
jolly to get down by such things for
a long time, isn’ t he?

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30 MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES
 TYPES OF MOTION

Motion that repeats Motion in which the

itself after a fixed period Motion in a straight object moves around
of time is called line is called a fixed center is called
PERIODIC MOTION. RECTILINEAR MOTION. CIRCULAR MOTION.

S UREMEN
EA T
M O CURVED
SURFACE

F
D

DIS
TI O N A N
THREAD

TANCES
CUBIT
CUBIT was THREAD is used
the length from to measure a
the elbow to M O curved surface.
the fingertips.

The SI UNIT OF CORRECT METHOD

MEASUREMENT OF USING A RULER
is metre (m)
2
1 3
1 km = 1000 m

1 m = 100 cm

1 cm = 10 mm
RULER

MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES 11

31
 Dr.O‘s Brain Ticklers
I. JC needs help to understand measurement. Can you fill the blanks for him?
1. Before cars were invented, people used to go from place to place either on _____
or riding on animals and bullock carts.
2. _______ was the length from the elbow to the fingertips.
3. 1 metre (m) is equal to ________ centimetres (cm).
4. 1 centimeter (cm) is equal to ______ millimetres (mm).
5. A _________ is used to measure curved surfaces.
6. In 1790, the French created a standard unit of measurement called the ______system.
7. The system of units, used currently, is known as the __________System of Units (SI units).
8. While measuring an object, always place the scale _________along the length of the object.
9. The SI unit of length is a ________.

II. Mark the following statements as True or False.

1. In rectilinear motion, the objects move along a circular path.
2. In circular motion, the object moves along a straight line.
3. In periodic motion, an object does not repeat its motion after regular intervals of time.

III. JC is not too sure about the answers here. Help him pick the odd one out.
1. The different tools to measure length are:
a. A metre scale
b. A tape
c. A metre rod
d. A barometer
2. In ancient times, people used the following as units of measurement:
a. The length of a foot
b. The width of a finger
c. The distance from one ear to another ear
d. The distance of a footstep
3. The following are examples of periodic motion:
a. Motion of a pendulum
b. A branch of a tree moving to and fro
c. The surface of drums (tabla) being played
d. Stirring of spoon in a pan
e. Motion of a child on a swing
4. The following are examples of rectilinear motion:
a. The motion of a vehicle on a straight road
b. Flitting of a butterfly
c. The falling of a stone
d. March-past of soldiers in a parade
5. The following are examples of circular motion:
a. Weaving on the loom
b. The hands of a clock
c. Spinning of a charkha

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32 MOTION AND MEASURING DISTANCES