Morphological Transformations in Historical Cities Centers FINAL PDF

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University of Baghdad
College of Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering

ghadamrs@gmail.com

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(to the City : ) Urban
.(Transformation in the Capitals of the Baltic States: Innovation, Culture and Finance
) (Charles Landry ) (The Art of City-Making

) (Re-enchanting [Landry, 2006] .

[Evans, 2005, P.16-18] .

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[Jenks & Dempsey, 1995, P.431].
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Jenks&Dempsey, 1995, P.275 .
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) (

[Powell, 1985, P.45] .

[Hays, 1998, P.13] .
) (Matthew E Kahn

) ([Kahn, 2006, P.8-29] .

[Russ, 2002, P.1] .

[Carmona & Burgess, 2001, P.15] . )
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[1996, 42

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(Cities and Sacred Sites, Cultural Roots for Urban Futures

.

[Serageldin, 2001, P.355].

Freestone, 2000, ] .
[P.36
.

) (

[Carmona & Burgess, 2001, P.15] .
)
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[Moughtin, 2003, P.12] .


[Bertaud, 2001, P.1-2] .


.

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[UN-HABITAT (1),2008, P47] .

[Newman & Jennings, 2008, P.32-33] .
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-:
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) (

[UN-HABITAT (2),2008, P13] .

[Moughtin, 2003, p.189] .
.

.

[Banerjee & Southworth, 1996, p.41] .

[Bridge & Watson, 2002, p.10-21] .

[Kresl, 2007, P.142] .

[Chadirji, 1986, p.11] .

)
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) (
- :
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[Sebestyen, 2003, P.13-14] .

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: .

.
:
) (
) ( ) (

.
:

.
) (Camillo Sitte -:

.

[Legates & Stout, 1996, P.476-477] .
) (Ebenezer Howard
) (Dean Hawkes
) (Magnets of the environment
) .(- ) (Jane Jacobs
) The Death and Life of Great
(American Cities

[Carmona & Tiesdell, 2007, P.70] :

.

.

-:

[Boyer, 1996, P.41] .
) (Mark Gelernter ) The Sources of
(Architectural Form

-:
.
[Gelernter, 1995] .
--

) (Taking shape: a new contract between architecture and nature,Architectural

) (Ebenezer Howard ) (Garden Cities of Tomorrow,1898
)
(

) (Differentiation) (Symbiosis) (Visibility
) ) (,(
[Susannah, 2001, P.172,173,183] .
) (Three Magnets, Ebenezer Howard,1898

)[Susannah, 2001, P.107,108] . (Three Environmental Magnets, Dean Hawkes, 1996

.

[Thomas, 2002, P.9] .

[Chadirji, 1986, p.11] .
) (Antoniades
)
(
-:
:
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) (
) (.
:
.
:

.
][Antoniades, 1992, P.66

[Conway & Roenisch, 2005, P.17] .

] . . [-

.

.

[Larkham, 2006, P.132] .

[Trancik, 1986, P.10] .

.
) :
(

-:
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) ( .
.

.

[Degen, 2008, P.26] .

.
[Bertaud, 2001, P.1-2] .

[Steinberg, 2008, P7-8] .
) :(Traditional Urban Space System

) (Figural Space ) .(Urban Blocks
: ) (Figural Buildings .

[Wei, 2012,P.398] .

.

.

. ) (
.

[Heuvel, 2008, P.5-6] .
) (Michel Bonnette
.


[Heuvel, 2008, P.248] .

[Kong, 2003, p.354] .

.

) :
(
)
(

[Edward Ng, 2010, P.27-28] .

[Wong & Yuen, 2011, P.5] .

) (

[Scott & Soja, 1998, P.32] . ) Community Design And
(The Culture Of Cities

[Lozano, 1990, P.12] .

[Wong & Yuen, 2011, P.25] .

[Edward Ng, 2010, P.41] .

)
(

[Madanipour, 2007, P.11] . ) (

)[Edward Ng, 2010, P.47-48] .(-

) (
) (

[Lozano, 1990, P.23] .
--

Attoe ] .(England published in Architect and Building News, 21 March 1941)
[& Logan, 1989, P.3
) (Gordon Cullen and Kenneth Browtie

[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.6] .
) ([Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.102] .

[Madanipour, 2007, P.34] .

.
] [Lozano, 1990, P.23

[Lozano, 1990, P.37-38] . ) (Sensing cities

[Degen, 2008, P.3-4] .
)
(

[Degen, 2008, P.26] .

[Faninstein, 2010, P.24] .

) [Nash, 1978, P.61] .(-

) (

[Faninstein, 2010, P.37-38] .
)
(
) (

) (Martin

[Carmona, & Tiesdell, 2007, P.72] .
) (
) (

[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.1] . -:
: ) (

) ( .
][Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.1-5
: ) (

[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.5-9] .
:

[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.9-13] .
: )
(

)[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.13-18] .(-
)(HUMANIST
)(SYSTEMIC
)(
.
)(FORMALIST
)(FUNCTIONALIST
Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.17

--
) .( ) (The grid plan of Atistin,Texas,1910

.() ) Jefferson
[Attoe & Logan, 1989, P.122, 95].(Court, Georgetown, 1985
) .( ) (
[Edward Ng, 2010, P. 48] .
-

) .(Pre- Industrial Cities
[Nash, 1978, P.58,75,71] .
:(The Formalist Stance)-

)
: .
(


[Cooper & other, 2009, P.25-26] .
) (

[Towers ,2005, P.50-51] .

.

.

) (Coleman

)
(

[Kresl, 2007, P.142] . )
(

[Edwards, 2008, P.108] .

) (Peter Eisenman

) (Jacques Derrida

)
( ) (

[Fawcett, 2003,P.93-94] .

.

[Kelbaugh, 2002, P.95] .

[Trancik, 1986, P.43] .

[Vermaas, 2008, P.282] .
) (Christopher Alexander

-

[Vermaas, 2008, P.282] .

) (Architectural Form Follows Technology

[Dutten & Man ,1996 , P.52] .

)(
] . [
) (Le Corbusier
) (Walter Gropies

[Towers ,2005, P.50-51] .
) (

] .
2012 [198

[Safdie & Kohn, 1998, P.35] .

[Eisner, 1993, P.86] .

) (Ken Allinson

[Allinson (2),2008, P.442] .

.
.

.

[Vermaas, 2008, P.284-285] .
) Nikos
(A. Salingaros ) :
(
[Salama, 2007, P.124] .

) (

[Crowe, 1997, P.149] .
) (Howard :
) Form And Process In The Transformation Of The Architects Role In
(Society
/

[Vermaas, 2008, P.273] .

[Kelbaugh, 2002, P.106] .

) (Nikos A. Salingaros

[Salama, 2007, P.120] .

.

)
(
[Moore, 2001, P.133] .

.

Conway & ] .
[Roenisch, 2005, P.15

[Sebestyen, 2003, P.10-12] .

.

.

.

.
.
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University of Baghdad
College of Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering
ABSTRACT
MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
IN HISTORICAL CITIES CENTERS
HUSSAM SACHIT OWIED
Email(hussam_sachit@yahoo.com)
Prof. Dr. GHADA MOUSSA

REZOUKI
Email (ghadamrs@gmail.com)
The phenomena of urban expansion, and the change of structure which are composed
term elements and violations, within which the centers of historical cities were built, is in
erased because of the existence of buildings with historical values, those buildings and
monument are braise references is denoting (the accumulated transformations) of city centers.
This change threatens those centers of losing the historical and a cultural qualities character,
and happening now in most of the historical centers of Iraqi cities which suffer than basic
transformation (and secondary) ones to study these transformation specially the what in the
morphology other centers.
The subject has been handled by a lot of studies in various fields, but there are still some
aspects which has not been exposure to it in a holistic manner and adequate, especially in
connection with the specificity of the morphology of the historic centers of Iraqi cities.
the research problem is specified by the non-clarity of priorities of the basic design within
the projects of urban renewal in the historic city centers, especially the relationship shifts
morphological between components of the city menu (main references of the city) and core
functions of the traditional one hand, and between systems and additions urban
development's where (or expatriate) the Other hand.
There for research assumed Find the following aspects: - (individuals - institutions)
- (legislations) plays the most important role in providing an integrated vision of the
city, and aspects control in a way or another on the other the morphological
transformation within the historic cities centers, so the research is interested in the
nature of the relationship which control that system.
Variables have been studied with a focus on basic methodologies to deal (with
theoretically and practically) and extract indicators and applied to the example
selected (center of the historic city of Najaf) also suggestion the most suitable
methodology the application.
Results appeared in the morphological transformations in the historic city centers in
general, and Iraqi cities, in particular, rise in two conditions: The first condition, the positive situation when the priorities are of the interaction of
the elements of the transformations in contemporary cities with original components of
the city menu (the basic city references) and traditional functions leads to a balanced
development between them.
The second condition is the negative which happens at the absence or weakness
of planning which this leads to partial interfaces by many sides without coordinator the
weakness of control of the city.
So (individuals - institutions), (legislations), play the most important role in gives
integrated and control the morphological transformations.
MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
IN HISTORICAL CITIES CENTERS
A Thesis Submitted to
The Council of the College of EngineeringUniversity of Baghdad
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture
By:
HUSSAM SACHIT OWIED
(M.Sc., 2005)
Supervised By
Prof. Dr. GHADA MOUSSA REZOUKI
Rajab/ 1434
May/ 2013

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[Cooke, 2002, P.10] .

) (Ernest Watson Burgess )-(.

) :(I ) (central business district

) (physical growth of the city

) (Broadacre City ) Broad-Acres

) (Ebenezer Howard ).(Garden Cities of Tomorrow,1898

[Moughtin, 2003, P.79]Compact city-

[Trancik, 1986, p.99] Giambattista Nolli-

Street And Paths

[Maciocco, & Tagliagambe, 2009, P.41] .

][Dutton & Mann ,1996, P.52

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) (Philip Cooke ) A Companion

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) .( [Steadman, 1983, P.15,17] .

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basic plot layout

) (Architecture and Identity

: ) Historic Cities And Sacred

Asian Development Bank(ADB)

Revitalization Of The Historic Urban Core-

[Kelbaugh, 2002, P.182] .

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[REHABIMED (2), 2008, P.11]

[REHABIMED (2), 2008, P.28-30] :

AKDN : FOCUS UCA

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