Keila Collin 10/02/13 Period 7 Background

Beverage Density Lab

In this lab, we will see if we can use the density of a liquid to determine how much of a substance is dissolved in it. Density is the ratio of mass per unit volume. To get density, you take the mass and divide it by the volume. If an object has a higher density, the object is usually heavier that another object, the same size, but a smaller density. If I find the density of a liquid, then I can find out how much of a substance is dissolved in it. Pre-Lab Questions 1. If the following mass and volume data are used to calculate the density of solution, how many significant figures are allowed in the calculated density? Mass of solution = 12.53 g; volume of solution = 8.27 mL. 3 sig figs 2. Calculate the density of the solution described in Question #1. 1.5151g/mL 3. According to its nutrition label, orange soda contains 49 g of sugar per 355- mL serving. If the density of the beverage is 1.043 g/mL, what is the percent sugar concentration in orange soda? Hint: This is a 2 step problem. First, use the density to convert the 355-mL serving size to grams. Then calculate percent sugar in the beverage.

Materials: Balance small beaker, 5 sugar solutions graduated cylinder, 4 beverages plus unknown Safety: goggles, glass breakage, spills Data Table A: Density of Reference Solutions Solution 0% Sugar 5% Sugar 10% Sugar 15% Sugar 20% Sugar Mass, g 9.55 9.94 9.87 10.28 10.61 Sample Volume, mL 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Density, g/mL .955 g/mL .984 g/mL .987 g/mL 1.028 g/mL 1.061 g/mL

Data Table B: Beverage Densities Beverage Apple Juice Diet Pepsi Lemonade Pepsi Powerade Unknown _____ Results Table: Beverage Apple Juice Diet Pepsi Lemonade Pepsi Powerade Post-Lab: Results Table Beverage Measured Percent sugar Amount of Percent Percent 2% 14% 5% 5% Experimental % sugar 10% Mass, g 10.15 9.61 10.21 9.78 9.88 10.12 Sample Volume, mL 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Density, g/mL 1.015 .961 1.021 .978 .988 1.012

density, g/mL

(experimental)

sugar (Nutrition label)

sugar (calculated from Nutrition label) 11% 0% 13% 12% 6%

error

Apple Juice Diet Pepsi Lemonade Pepsi Powerade

1.015 .961 1.021 .978 .988

10% 2% 14% 5% 5%

37g 0g 32g 41g 21g

6% 0% 13% 5% 5%

Post-Lab Calculations and Analysis

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Plot density versus concentration for the five reference solutions on a graph. The concentration is the independent variable (x-axis) and the density is the dependent variable (y-axis). Use a ruler to draw the best-fit straight line through the data points. Use the graph to estimate the unknown sugar concentrations in the first beverage. To do this, locate the point on the y-axis that corresponds to the density value of the beverage. Follow the point on the y-axis across horizontally to where it meets the best fit straight line through the data. Now read down vertically from this point on the best fit line to the x-axis. The point where this vertical line meets the x-axis equals the percent concentration of sugar in the beverage solution. Construct a Results Table and record the density of the beverage and the estimated percent sugar concentration. Repeat step 2 to determine the percent sugar concentration of the second beverage. Record all information in your Results Table. Calculate the actual or accepted value of the sugar concentration in weight percent for each beverage, using the nutrition label information and the measured density value. Hint: See Pre-Lab Question #3 for how to do this calculation. Record both the nutrition label information and the actual percent sugar concentration in your Results Table. Use the following equation to calculate the percent error in our experimental determination of the sugar content in each beverage. Enter the percent error in the Results Table.

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What was your measured density for pure water (0% sugar solution)? The density of water is usually quoted as 1.0 g/mL, but the precise value is for 4oC. Comment on why your measured density might be higher or lower than 1.00 g/mL.
My measured density was less because water is denser at a lower temperature.

7.

This lab looks at the relationship between the density of a beverage and its sugar content. What assumption is made concerning the other ingredients in the beverage and their effect on the density of the solution? Do you think this is a valid assumption? Explain
We make the assumption that these other ingredients dont affect the density of the beverage. This is not a valid assumption because it makes our measurements inaccurate.

When plotting data such as that obtained in this experiment, why is it not appropriate to connect the dots? If you were to repeat the lab, do you think you would get exactly the same results? Comment on the sources of error in this experiment and their likely effect on the results. You dont connect the dots because you are not showing changes over time. No. The solutions can settle over time and become less dense. Conclusion After completing the lab, I determined that my hypothesis was correct, and I was able to determine how much of a substance is dissolved in a solution using its density. Our percentages were a little off because the reference solution had set for a while. So, our measurements were not very accurate. Through following the directions, I was able to find how much of a substance is dissolved in a solution using the density of the solution.
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