Special Diets Low-fat diet a low-fat diet as the name implies is a diet that consists of little fat, especially

ly saturated fat and cholesterol, which are thought to lead to increased blood cholesterol levels and heart attack. It is important to know that dietary fat is needed for good health, as fats supply energy and fatty acids, in addition to supplying fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, an k. Examples: Apples, bananas, bean sprouts, bell peppers, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, chicken, celery, crab, cucumber , egg white, grape fruit, honey. Low-carbohydrate diet Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption usually for weight control or for the treatment of obesity. 1. Low Carb Breakfast Foods Breakfasts of bacon and eggs or fruit and yogurt are standard low carb breakfast foods dieters enjoy. With a little creativity, you can make dozens of low carb variations using these basic foods such as bacon & egg pockets or layered vanilla fruit and yogurt parfaits. Examples: Almond crusted French toast, Strawberry mint smoothie, Apple and cranberry turnovers 2. Low Carb Foods for Lunch Whether you love a crispy tossed salad with grilled chicken or a savory vegetable soup, you'll find a variety of low carb lunches that are simple to prepare. Examples: Ham and cheese soup, Falafel, Indian chicken salad pita, Mini cheese pizza, Toasted mushroom and sundried tomato sandwiches 3. Low Carb Dinner Foods From mouth-watering steaks and sizzling fajitas to low carb pasta and layered casseroles, there are low carb dinner dishes to satisfy any palate. Examples: Rotini pasta and veggie dinner, lemon and fennel salmon steaks, low carb fajitas from recipe rumble

Low-purine diets Low-Purine diet A low-purine diet consists of foods which are low in purine content. Purine is a substance that is found in foods and is produced naturally by the body. Purines are broken down by the body and changed to uric acid. The kidneys normally filter the uric acid and the uric acid leaves the body through the urine. However, people with gout sometimes have a build-up of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid may build up because the body makes too much. It may also build up because the body does not get rid of enough uric acid through the urine. High levels of uric acid can cause urate crystals to form in the joints. The buildup of these crystals causes swelling, which is called a gout attack or gout pain.

Examples of these foods are white bread, crackers, butter, margarine, cake, cookies, carbonated beverages, cereal, cereal products, cheese, chocolate, coffee, tea, condiments, cornbread, cream, custard, eggs, fats, vegetables (except those with moderate fat content), fruit, gelatin, herbs, ice cream, milk, pasta, nuts, oils, pickles, popcorn, pudding, relishes, rice, salt, vinegar and white sauce. Sample Meals The following is a list of low-purine meals: 1. Eggs, toast, butter, glass of milk, coffee 2. French toast or pancakes with orange juice, coffee 3. Macaroni and cheese, cooked green beans, butterscotch pudding, milk 4. Grilled cheese sandwich with tomatoes, apple 5. Vegetable pizza 6. Vegetable lasagna

Low protein diet

A low protein diet, a diet in which people are required to reduce their intake of protein, is used by persons with abnormal kidney or liver function to prevent worsening of their disease. The purpose of a low protein diet is to prevent worsening of kidney or liver disease. The diet is effective because it decreases the stress on the kidney or liver.Protein restriction lessens the protein load on the kidney or liver, which slows down the continued development of disease. Sample low protein menu Breakfast
Cheerios cereal or equivalent cup non-dairy creamer cup medium banana orange juice cup

Snack Lunch

1 cherry fruit roll up 2 slices white bread turkey breast 1 oz/28 g lettuce tomato cup green beans cup

mayonnaise 3 tsp 1 medium apple fruit punch 4 fl oz/118 ml

Snack Dinner

1 popsicle lean hamburger 2 oz/56 g white rice cup broccoli cup cauliflower cup tossed salad with 2 Tbsp ranch dressing pineapple cup

Snack

gum drops 1 oz/28 g

Acid ash diet A diet consisting largely of meat or fish, eggs, and cereals with aminimal quantity of milk, fruit, and vege tables, that when catabolized leaves an acid residue to be excreted in the urine.

High Fiber Diet Definition: A high fiber diet is one that provides enough daily fiber to maintain health and help protect against conditions like heart disease and diabetes. The Dietary Reference Intakes, or DRI, for fiber is 14 g of dietary fiber for every 1,000 calories of food, says the American Dietetic Association. This translates to about 25 g of fiber per day for adult women up to age 50 and 38 g for men in the same age bracket. Recommendations for women and men older than 51 are 21 g and 30 g, respectively. Types There are two types of dietary fiber, soluble and insoluble. According to MayoClinic.com, each plays a different role in the body. Soluble fiber dissolves in water and forms a viscous substance that hinders the absorption of cholesterol and slows down digestion. Sources of soluble fiber include beans, apples, oats, citrus fruits and barley. Insoluble fiber moves food through the digestive tract and increases stool bulk. Bran, nuts and vegetables contain insoluble fiber. The DRI does not distinguish between the types, but eating a variety of plant foods will help ensure adequate amounts of both. Purpose/Indications: To aid management of constipation, irritable colon, diabetes mellitus, diverticulosis, high serum cholesterol.

General Guidelines:

Recommended fiber intake - 25-30 grams/day Drink plenty of fluids - 6-8 cups of water per day Increase dietary fiber gradually. Fiber is obtained primarily through whole grain breads and cereals, fruits and vegetables.

Fiber-containing foods:

Breads and cereals made with whole grains or bran. Raw fruits and vegetables Dried beans, peas and lentils Nuts and seeds Popcorn Dried fruit

Diet as Tolerated Definition This particular diet is only giver when client can now tolerate any food she desires that is nutritious, if this will not lead to any complications and if the client needs further monitoring for lab test. Indications Diet as tolerated is a term that indicates that the gastrointestinal tracts is tolerating food and is ready for advancement to the next stage. Therefore, this statement is most applicably in regard to the diet after abdominal or gastrointestinal surgery, signifying the patient's tolerance of his diet. Examples Pureed Diet Definition: A puree diet usually consists of common foods, prepared for meals, which are blended until smooth and drinkable. Pureed is a smooth, cohesive, pudding-like consistency. A pureed consistency makes it easier to form a bolus, or ball of food, in the mouth before swallowing. The cohesive, smooth texture of pureed foods keeps the bolus together throughout the entire swallowing process to prevent food particles from going into the lungs. Indications: For people with chewing or swallowing difficulty, a pureed diet can prevent pneumonia and increase quality of life. People with a condition called dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, usually follow this type of diet to prevent choking or silent aspiration. Dysphagia can affect all age groups, but it is most often seen in the elderly population. People have different nutritional needs depending on a variety of medical and nutritional factors. As with any therapeutic diet plan, consult your physician and dietitian to individualize any diet to meet those needs. Foods Few individual foods are excluded from this diet because most foods can be processed to a pureed consistency. Texture should be a smooth consistency throughout the entire product. There should be no

lumps or chunks, coarse textures, dried fruits, nuts, seeds and no raw vegetables or fruits. Foods that require chewing are excluded from this diet. Slippery foods such as gelatin are not permitted. Sticky foods such as taffy, caramel and peanut butter should be avoided as should garnishes. Some commercially prepared products are acceptable, including applesauce, pudding without rice, smooth custard, farina cereal and Stage 1 baby food. All other foods--including bread, pasta, rice, meats and meat substitutes, soups, fruits, vegetables and desserts--need to be cooked well, then pureed in a blender or food processor to achieve the desired consistency. Preparation To prepare pureed foods at home from scratch, cook foods until they are soft using moist cooking techniques such as boiling, braising or baking in the oven with added broth, water or gravy. Transfer the cooked foods to a blender or food processor and puree, adding fluid such as milk, water or broth as needed until the consistency is smooth and cohesive, like pudding. Always employ safe cooking techniques by washing your hands with warm water and soap before handling food, and washing and sanitizing equipment between processing raw and cooked food items. High carbohydrate Diet Definiton: A high-carbohydrate diet does not have an exact definition, but, in general, is one that derives 60 to 70 percent of total calories from carbohydrates. Carbs come in two forms: simple and complex. A high-carb diet usually includes foods from both categories and is appropriate for some individuals, such as athletes, but may be inappropriate for others, such as diabetics. Indications: Some medical conditions require a high-calorie diet to help maintain or promote weight gain. People with liver disease are at risk of malnutrition due to poor intake and altered nutrient metabolism. To meet their needs, most people with liver disease should increase the amount of calories they eat each day. People with Huntington's Disease have higher calorie needs because of their constant fidgeting which increases their metabolic rate. Cancer patients tend to have higher calorie needs because of a poor appetite related to treatment. Eating more calorie-dense foods, such as whole milk, cheese and nuts, can help increase the calorie intake when one have a poor appetite. Severe Burns To promote healing and prevent infection, people with severe burns need to eat a high-calorie diet. Depending on the size and degree of the wound, calorie needs can increase as much as 100 percent above your normal needs, according to "Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy." In addition to healing and prevention of wound infection, burn patients must eat enough to preserve their lean body mass and maintain their weight. Underweight While we often think of obesity as a risk factor for chronic illness and early death, being underweight can also increase your risk of sickness. Underweight is defined as being 15 to 20 percent below an acceptable weight standard, according to "Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy." If you are underweight, following a high-calorie diet can help you gain weight to an acceptable and healthy level.

Competitive Athletics Competitive athletes spend most of their day exercising and training and need to follow a high-calorie diet to help them maintain their weight and energy levels. Some athletes may need to increase their daily caloric intake by as much as 1,000 to 1,500 calories per day. Closely monitor your weight to assess the adequacy of your caloric intake. If you are losing weight on your current diet, you need to increase your intake and if you are gaining weight, you need to decrease your intake Examples: Simple Carbs Carbs can be healthy or unhealthy. Simple carbs are made up of one or two sugars that are quickly broken down into glucose by the body to be used as energy, according to the Franklin Institute. Foods in this category include fruits and fruit juices, dairy products and nonstarchy vegetables such as beets and carrots. Less healthful foods rich in simple carbohydrates include processed food items high in refined sugars, such as candy, regular soda and table sugar, also known as sucrose. Complex Carbs Complex carbohydrates have three or more sugars linked together and are "slow-release" energy sources. Complex carbs are sometimes referred to as "starchy" foods. These foods may contain dietary fiber and protein, which slows down the speed at which they are broken down and used for energy. Examples of complex carb foods include legumes, such as pinto and kidney beans; starchy vegetables, such as potatoes and corn; and whole-grain cereals, breads and grains, such as bran cereal and brown rice. Soft Diet A soft diet contains foods that are soft and easy for you to chew or swallow. These foods may be chopped, ground, mashed, pureed, and moist. Eating soft foods may help if you have problems chewing or swallowing. People who have had certain types of surgery, such as head, neck, or stomach surgery may need to eat a soft diet. People who have problems with their teeth or mouth may also need to have a soft diet. Your caregiver will tell you how long you need to follow this diet. The soft diet serves as a transition from liquids to a regular diet for individuals who are recovering from surgery or a long illness. It can help to ease difficulty in chewing and/or swallowing due to dental problems or extreme weakness, and it is sometimes recommended to relieve mild intestinal or stomach discomfort. The soft diet can be especially helpful to patients who are undergoing treatments like chemotherapy, or radiation to the head, neck or abdominal areas, which may cause digestive problems or make the mouth and throat very sore. Guidelines for the Soft Diet Food Group Foods Allowed Foods to Avoid Beverages all none Soups mildly seasoned broth, bouillon, or cream soup; strained vegetable soup bean, gumbo, split pea, or onion soup; chunky soups or chowders Meats any moist, tender meats, fish, or poultry (lamb, veal, chicken, turkey, tender beef, liver stewed pork); eggs (see exceptions); creamy peanut butter Fried chicken or fish; fish with bones; shellfish; fried, salted, or smoked meats; sausage; cold cuts; raw or fried eggs; dried beans; nuts and seeds

Dairy all low-fat milk products, smooth yogurt, mild-flavored cheese, (avoid milk if lactose-intolerant), yogurt with nuts or seeds, sharp or strong cheeses, cheeses with whole seeds or spices Fruits cooked or canned fruit, soft, fresh banana or avocado, fruit juice all raw fruit (except banana or avocado), dried fruit (dates, raisins), coconut Vegetables soft-cooked or canned vegetables (see exceptions), fresh lettuce or tomato, potatoes (mashed, baked, boiled, or creamed), vegetable gas-forming vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, green pepper, onion turnip), whole kernel corn, raw vegetables (excerpt lettuce or tomato), fried vegetables french fries, hash browns Grains refined cooked or ready-to-eat cereal; refined white, wheat, or rye bread, rolls, or crackers; plain white rice; pasta whole-grain breads and cereals (bran, rye with seeds, or whole wheat); breads or rolls with coconut, raisins, nuts, or seeds Fats butter, margarine, mild salsas dressing, mayonnaise, gravy, cream, cream substitute, sour cream, vegetable oil Spicy salad dressings, fried foods Desserts & Sweets smooth ice cream, ice milk, or frozen yogurt; sherbet; fruit ices; custards; puddings; cake or cookies made without nuts or coconut desserts or candy made with dried fruit, nuts, coconut; candied fruit; peanut brittle Seasonings ketchup; cheese, cream, tomato, or white sauces; soy sauce; chopped or ground leaf herbs garlic, horseradish, chili powder, whole or seed herbs and spices, barbeque or cajun seasonings Sample Menu Soft Diet Breakfast orange juice - 1/2 cup oatmeal - 1 cup whole wheat toast - 2 slices margarine - 2 tsp sugar - 1 tsp whole milk - 1 cup banana - 1 med Lunch spaghetti with marinara sauce - 11/2 cups Italian bread - 2 slices margarine - 1 tsp applesauce - 1 cup grape juice - 1/2 cup Dinner marinated chicken breast - 3 oz grilled zucchini - 1/2 cup pasta salad - 1/2 cup whole wheat roll - 1 margarine - 1 tsp peach cobbler - 1/2 cup whole milk - 1/2 cup

This Sample Diet Provides the Following Calories 1940 Fat 53 gm Protein 72 gm Sodium 1938 mg Carbohydrates 302 gm Fiber 24 gm GENERAL LIQUID DIET Definition: A liquid diet is the one that allows intake of liquid forms of food only. Generally a liquid diet includes clear liquids or opaque fluids that are completely or partially fluid in consistency. In general a liquid diet can be classified into two basic categories the clear liquid diet and the full liquid diet. The doctor will recommend or prescribe a liquid diet when: *patient is about to undergo certain medical tests, surgery or any other medical procedures that require your stomach or intestine to be devoid of solid food particles. *patient suffers from ailments of the digestive system and suffers from problems like diarrhea or vomiting. *patient have trouble swallowing or chewing, the doctor might recommend a liquid diet until the proper chewing and swallowing functions are restored. Benefits of a liquid diet: *when your digestive system needs restoration. *liquids are easily digested and help in quick nutrient absorption. *A liquid diet is the best way to rest and even cleanse your digestive systems since clear liquids help to drain out the toxins and waste from the body. *A liquid diet provides the doctors optimum conditions for conducting certain medical tests and surgeries that require a patients intestine to be devoid of solid food.

How is a full liquid diet different from the clear liquid diet? A clear liquid diet only includes transparent or clear liquid foods such as meat or vegetable broth, bouillon or clear fruit juices, whereas the full liquid diet allows liquids that can be transparent or opaque but essentially have a smooth consistency. The major element is the transparency that the clear liquid diet provides, which is required while certain medical procedures. On the other hand the full liquid diet is generally prescribed for people who have chewing problems or those who are trying to restore their digestive system. Guidelines for the full liquid diet:

Juices, milk, ice cream, pudding, strained cream soups, fruit nectar with pulp, soft-cooked cereals like oatmeal or even wheat; vegetables, or fruits, which have been thinned and reduced to a liquid like consistency. Guidelines for the clear liquid diet: Water, clear fruit juices, clear gelatin foodstuff, clear carbonated drinks or even hard candies and Popsicles; Black tea or coffee. In some cases, liquids with certain colors can be specifically prohibited for special medical tests and medical procedures.

Blenderized Diet (osterized) - foods blended to a consistency that can be easily passed through a feeding tube.-foods that have been blenderized (thinned) with liquids in a blender or food processor and strainer. The foods are thinned to a liquid form. The blenderized food can be eaten using a cup, straw, syringe or spoon. Examples of food that are easily blended. All liquids can be used to blenderize or thin foods. The best liquids to use are those that add flavor and have added vitamins and minerals. Some examples of good liquids are milk, fruit juice, and vegetable juice. There are some foods that blend better than others do. The following foods blend well:

Breads, Cereals, Rice and Pasta: o Breads and crackers without nuts. o Cooked, enriched cereals such as grits, Farina, Malt-o-Meal, or Cream of Wheat. o Cooked rice, pasta or noodles. Fruits and Vegetables: o Cooked or canned fruits without skins or seeds. o Cooked or canned vegetables without skins or seeds. Meat and Meat Substitutes: o Cooked, tender meat, fish, and poultry. o Infant strained meats (baby food). o Cooked (boiled or poached) eggs. A poached egg is one that is cooked without a shell in boiling liquid. o Cheese sauce. o Cottage cheese. o Cooked legumes such as split peas or split lentils without the hull (outer covering). o Smooth peanut butter. Desserts: o Smooth custard and pudding. o Shakes. o Desserts such as ice cream, sherbet and plain gelatin may need to be melted before eating. Fats:

o o o o

Melted butter or margarine and oil. Cream cheese. Salad dressing. Smooth sauces or gravy.

Other liquids and foods: o Milk beverages and smooth yogurt o Tomato paste or sauce. o Blended, strained soup stock or cream soups. o Ground seasonings and spices, mustard, ketchup and other smooth condiments. Servings: (100-200 cc of diluted formula given every 2-3 hours is recommended.) Protein-3 or more 2 oz.serving/daily 1/2cup Fruits and vegetables- four or more servings/daily Starch- 4 or more servings/daily Milk group(Adults 3 or more 8 oz. glasses/daily)

INDICATIONS FOR USE: Patients with esophageal obstruction, surgery of the mouth, gastric surgery, severe burns, coma, insanity, severe undernutrition, paralysis of the swallowing muscles, acute and chronic infections, face lifting. Alkaline diet (alkaline ash diet),is a diet based on the scientifically unsupported theory that certain foods, when consumed,leave an alkaline residue, or ash. Minerals containing elements like calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, are said to be the principal components of the ash. A food is thus classified as alkaline, acid or neutral according to the pH of the solution created with its ash in water. Foods the alkaline diet involves eating certain fresh citrus and other low-sugar fruits, vegetables, tubers, nuts, and legumes and avoiding grains, dairy, meat, sugar, alcohol, caffeine and fungi. Such a diet is alleged to help to maintain the balance of the slight alkalinity of blood without stressing the body's regulators of acid-base homeostasis.

Five Alkaline Diet Benefits

1. Improved Digestion 2. Natural Cleansing 3. Less Arthritis and Joint Pain 4. More Energy 5. Improved Weight Loss

Alkaline Foods Some recommended fruits to be included in the alkaline diet:

apples bananas blackberries dates Oranges pineapple raisins

The most alkaline fruits as dried figs, cantaloupe, watermelon, and dried apricots. Alkaline producing vegetables include:

broccoli cabbage carrots cauliflower celery eggplant mushrooms squash turnips

The alkaline foods should be 75% such as vegetables and fruits and 25 % acid foods such as meat and bread in your diet. INDICATIONS FOR USE: Indicated for Patients who have kidney stones, osteoporosis and muscle wasting due to aging. Also use to prevent cancer and heart disease, for optimum health and safe weight loss. Diabetic diet -One prescribed in diabetes mellitus, usually limited in the amount of sugar r readily available carbohydrates. A diet designed to help control the symptoms of diabetes. Recommendations The Diabetes Food Pyramid, which resembles the old USDA food guide pyramid, splits foods into six groups in a range of serving sizes. In the Diabetes Food Pyramid, food groups are based on carbohydrate and protein content instead of their food classification type. A person with diabetes should eat more of the foods in the bottom of the pyramid (grains, beans, vegetables) than those on the top (fats and sweets). This diet will help keep your heart and body systems healthy. GRAINS, BEANS, AND STARCHY VEGETABLES(6 or more servings a day) Foods like bread, grains, beans, rice, pasta, and starchy vegetables are at the bottom of the pyramid because they should serve as the foundation of your diet. As a group, these foods are loaded with vitamins, minerals, fiber, and healthy carbohydrates.

It is important, however, to eat foods with plenty of fiber. Choose whole-grain foods such as whole-grain bread or crackers, tortillas, bran cereal, brown rice, or beans. Use whole-wheat or other whole-grain flours in cooking and baking. Choose low-fat breads, such as bagels, tortillas, English muffins, and pita bread. VEGETABLES(3 - 5 servings a day) Choose fresh or frozen vegetables without added sauces, fats, or salt. You should opt for more dark green and deep yellow vegetables, such as spinach, broccoli, romaine, carrots, and peppers. FRUITS(2 - 4 servings a day) Choose whole fruits more often than juices. Fruits have more fiber. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, grapefruits, and tangerines, are best. Drink fruit juices that do NOT have added sweeteners or syrups. MILK(2 - 3 servings a day) Choose low-fat or nonfat milk or yogurt. Yogurt has natural sugar in it, but it can also contain added sugar or artificial sweeteners. Yogurt with artificial sweeteners has fewer calories than yogurt with added sugar. MEAT AND FISH(2 - 3 servings a day) Eat fish and poultry more often. Remove the skin from chicken and turkey. Select lean cuts of beef, veal, pork, or wild game. Trim all visible fat from meat. Bake, roast, broil, grill, or boil instead of frying. FATS, ALCOHOL, AND SWEETS In general, you should limit your intake of fatty foods, especially those high in saturated fat, such as hamburger, cheese, bacon, and butter. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit the amount and have it with a meal. Check with your health care provider about a safe amount for you. Sweets are high in fat and sugar, so keep portion sizes small. Other tips to avoid eating too many sweets:

Ask for extra spoons and forks and split your dessert with others. Eat sweets that are sugar-free. Always ask for the small serving size.

You should also know how to read food labels, and consult them when making food decisions Glycemic index- is a measure of the effects of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates that break down quickly during digestion and release glucose rapidly into the bloodstream have a high GI; carbohydrates that break down more slowly, releasing glucose more gradually into the bloodstream, have a low GI. A lower glycemic index suggests slower rates of digestion and absorption of the foods' carbohydrates and may also indicate greater extraction from the liver and periphery of the products of carbohydrate digestion. A lower glycemic response usually equates to a lower insulin demand but not always, and may improve long-term blood glucose control and blood lipids. The insulin index is also useful for providing a direct measure of the insulin response to a food.

Glycemic index of foods GI values can be interpreted intuitively as percentages on an absolute scale and are commonly interpreted as follows: Classification GI range Low GI Medium GI High GI 55 or less 5669 70 and above Examples most fruits and vegetables, legumes/pulses, whole grains, nuts, fructose and products low in carbohydrates whole wheat products, basmati rice, sweet potato, sucrose, baked potatoes white bread, most white rices, corn flakes, extruded breakfast cereals, glucose, maltose

What Foods to Avoid if Youre Diabetic Avoid Foods High in Glycemic Index (GI) Foods that are high in glycemic index may be detrimental to individuals with diabetes, as glycemic index is directly correlated with blood sugar levels. Some examples include:

White bread or white pasta Desserts made with refined flour Candy bars Doughnuts De-germed white rice Baked potatoes that are white and starchy

Avoid Added Sugar Processed foods with added sugar can also be harmful to blood sugar levels. Generally, it may be better to look for artificial sweeteners or sweet products labeled "no sugar added." Some examples include:

Sodas Fruit juice cocktails Hot cocoa Table sugar Honey or maple syrup

Avoid Unhealthy Fats Diabetics may be at a greater risk for strokes and heart diseases. Therefore, it would be a good idea to avoid saturated fats, trans-fats and hydrogenated oils, as they have been linked to cardiovascular problems. It is important to note that an intake of heart healthy fats, known as monosaturated and polysaturated fats, are different from the "unhealthy" fats above and should not be avoided. In fact, they are actually beneficial to heart health and help prevent stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Avoid Excessive Sodium

For the same reason as above, diabetics should not eat too much sodium to protect their cardiovascular system. Excessive sodium intake is linked with high blood pressure and irregular heart beat. Instead, try flavoring dishes with flavorful herbs and citruses that are high in nutrients and low in sodium. MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY: 1. CHO- 50-60 % Of the total calories.

40-50% from the complex Carbohydrates. 10-20% from simple sugars. 2. 3. Fat- 30% Protein-15% (lean protein)

HYPOALLERGENIC DIET Definition: This is a diet the restricts your intake of foods causing allergic reactions in the different parts of the body such as skin, lungs, heart, stomach, eyes, etc.

Indications: Most individuals have one or more food items that they are allergic or sensitive to and that their body does not function well on those foods. The reason simply being that their genetics and enzyme pathways are not selected to digest those foods properly.

Foods included and should be avoided Vegetables: Consume 1. All fresh vegetables (try to incorporate all vegetables such as asparagus, Brussels sprouts, celery, cauliflower, cabbage onions, garlic, carrots, beets, leeks, green beans, broccoli, leafy greens kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, bok choy, watercress etc.) 2. Sweet potatoes, Yams, Squash, Pumpkin, (Very soothing on the GI) 3. Sprouts: sunflower sprouts, pea and bean sprouts (esp. alfalfa & red clover as they help with detoxification)

Avoid

1. Tomatoes, corn, mushrooms, green peppers, red pepper, bell peppers, potatoes 2. If ragweed allergy present then eliminate artichokes, iceberg lettuce, sunflower seeds, dandelion, chamomile and chicory.

Fruits: Consume 1. All fresh/frozen fruits (see exceptions below) 2. All berries fresh or frozen (except strawberries) 3. All jams and fruit sauces of allowed fruits (with no sugars or preservatives added)

Avoid

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Bananas (are often treated with ripening chemicals) Citrus (oranges, grapefruit, and any citric acid containing beverage) Melons (often contain and promote mold growth) Strawberries Peaches and apricots Apples 7. Dried fruits (does not include dates, organic-sulfite free raisins, sulfite free-figs, or unsweetened dried sulfite free cranberries)

Grains and Cereals: Consume 1. Brown rice, rice, millet, buckwheat, quinoa, tapioca, teff, amaranth 2. Pasta, cereals and pastry made from these grains.

Avoid

1. All gluten-containing grains (wheat, spelt, rye, oats, barley) and breads, pasta &
other products from flour of these

Legumes and Lentils: Consume 1. All legumes: beans and lentils (all beans, fresh/frozen/dried) 2. All peas (fresh/frozen/dried) 1. Soy beans & soy products (tofu, soy milk, soy sauce, miso, tempeh, TVP) 2. Soy is another common allergen.

Avoid

Nuts and seeds:

Consume

1. Raw almonds, walnuts, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds

2.
Avoid 1. Peanuts, pistachios, cashews, brazil nuts, hazelnuts 2. Any nuts or seeds that are salted or flavored in some way

Animal products: Consume 1. 2. 3. 4. Free-range chicken & turkey breast (best if organic) Lamb (best if organic) Wild game Wild Fish of any kind (except Shark, Swordfish, King mackerel, and Tilefish) 5. Farmed organic fish 1. Red meats (beef, pork, bacon), processed meats (hotdogs, salami, wieners, sausage, canned meats, smoked meats) these all contain flower additives and coloring and preservatives 2. Dairy (milk, cream, sour cream, cheese, butter, yogurt) 3. Eggs 4. Sea food: Shell-fish, Shrimp, Lobster, Scallops, Crab 5. Catfish, Shark, Swordfish, King mackerel, and Tilefish 6. Farmed Inorganic Fish

Avoid

Oils: Consume 1. Virgin olive oil, cold or with low heat cooking 2. Coconut oil for high heat cooking 3. Cold pressed sunflower oil, sesame oil, and flax oil for dressing and no heat recipes

Avoid

1. All other oils 2. Refined oils, margarine, shortening

Condiments: Consume 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sea salt All herbs (e.g. parsley, coriander, watercress, dill, basil, thyme, oregano, garlic, ginger) Most spices (e.g. turmeric, fennel, cinnamon, black pepper) Spreads: nut/seed butters (e.g. almond, sesame (tahini), sunflower), bean dips (e.g. hummus) Sauces: pesto, mustard w/ no additives Apple cider/ brown rice vinegar

7. Sweeteners: stevia (green/brown, unprocessed) and un-pasteurized honey in moderation.

Avoid 1. Regular table salt (table salt is not necessarily a food allergen, it just does not have the added minerals and benefits of sea salt) 2. Avoid peppers from the nightshade family (Cayenne pepper, red pepper, paprika, jalapeno, curry mix) 3. All sweeteners (corn/ brown rice/ maple syrups, molasses, brown/ white sugar, glucose, maltose, maltodextrose, etc.) This includes desserts & all processed foods high in sugars. 4. MSG 5. All food additives, preservatives, and coloring.

Drinks: Consume 1. Filtered water, at least 6-8 glasses/day 2. 100% fresh fruit & fresh vegetable juices 3. (Herbal teas: roobois tea, peppermint, nettle leaf tea, chamomile, licorice root, passion flower, dandelion, milk thistle, and any other herbal tea) 4. Green tea 5. Rice milk (unsweetened) 6. Nut milks (unsweetened) Avoid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Caffeinated beverages (coffee, black tea, soda) (green tea is an exception) Alcohol Dairy (milk & other dairy products) Soy milk All fruit drinks high in refined sugar and added sugar 6. All vegetable drinks high in salt

NO DARK COLOR FOOD (NDCF)

If you were admitted in a hospital with diagnosis of dengue fever or probably presuming that you might have it, this will be the diet that will be prescribed to you. The same for any disease that may give your doctors reason to trace if there is any bleeding that will pass through your stools. Therefore, it will not be good to alarm them with "possible" bleeding just because your stool suddenly turned black, or have traces of red or black eliminates thus you will be asked to avoid dark colored

foods. This includes red meat (beef, pork, lamb, goat, and the likes including organ meats), dark leafy or non-leafy vegetables (swamp cabbage/kangkong, okra and the likes), red bell pepper or chili pepper or any that leaves the body in such dark or red colors. Suffice it to say, food high in iron should also be temporarily omitted for iron makes the stool dark. Seasonings like catsup or soy sauce actually can be taken since they do not leave the body as such, nor do they affect darkening of stool BUT this tend to confuse the patients therefore wiser to altogether avoid in the food preparation anyhow, this is just a temporary diet that the attending physician should and will change the moment they are assured of the patients condition.

One reason no dark colored foods are given to a patient with dengue is that they're watching for signs of bleeding which may be seen in the stool and urine. dark colored foods cause these stuff to also become dark in color and to determine if it is due to the food or blood, a test like stool exam has to be performed.. Food Pyramid Planning your meals may be intimidating at first, but proper meal planning is a big advantage if you want to control your blood sugar naturally. The rule is to have a balanced diet that includes the right amount of protein, carbohydrates and fats, with enough vitamins and minerals. Healthy meals normally revolve around grains, fruits and vegetables, with meat as a side dish only. A visit to your nutritionist or dietitian can help you understand your nutritional needs and simplify the planning.

Nothing can replace consulting with a nutritionist for your individual meal planning. But the Food Pyramid can guide you on what to eat and how much of these food to eat in a day. To know what to eat, the rule is simple: eat more of the food at the base of the pyramid and less at the tip. How much to eat of these foods is a little tricky. Notice the number of servings for each group? It does not answer your exact intake need because it is based on the average person who needs about 1,000 and up daily calorie intake. You may need less or more depending on your weight, height, age, sex, activity and health condition. So its still best to ask your nutritionist how much of each serving suits you.

So why put the servings in the pyramid? Just to tell you in a nice way to eat more grains, vegetables and fruits and less meat and fatty food. Well, theres another way to give you an idea how much to eat of these food. Instead of grouping the food according to their kind (vegetables, meats, oils), lets group them according to their organic compounds; that is, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Grains, vegetables and fruits belong to carbohydrates; meat, fish, nuts and dairy to proteins; and fatty and oily food to fats. The pie below roughly tells you how much of these groups to take in a day. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a source of energy that can be transformed into glucose, the form of sugar that is transported and used by the body, more quickly than proteins or fats. A diet too high in carbohydrates can upset the delicate balance of a body's blood sugar level, resulting in fluctuations in energy and mood that leave one feeling irritated and tired. The body needs this energy to work better. Vegetables A vegetable is a part of a plant consumed by humans that is generally savory but is not sweet. A vegetable is not considered a grain, fruit, nut, spice, or herb. For example, the stem, root, flower, etc., may be eaten as vegetables. Vegetables contain many vitamins and minerals; however, different vegetables contain different spreads, so it is important to eat a wide variety of types. For example, green vegetables typically contain vitamin A, dark orange and dark green vegetables contain vitamin C,and vegetables like broccoli and related plants contain iron and calcium. Vegetables are very low in fats and calories, but cooking can often add these. It is recommended that people consume 23 servings of vegetables in a day. They may be fresh, frozen, canned, or juiced. Fruits In terms of food (rather than botany), fruits are the sweet-tasting seed-bearing parts of plants, or occasionally sweet parts of plants which do not bear seeds. These include apples, oranges, plums, bananas, etc. Fruits are low in calories and fat and are a source of natural sugars, fiber and vitamins. Processing fruits when canning or making into juices may add sugars and remove nutrients. The fruit food group is sometimes combined with the vegetable food group. Note that many foods considered fruits in botany because they bear seeds are not considered fruits in cuisine because they lack the characteristic sweet taste, e.g., tomatos or avocados. It is best to consume 24 servings of fruit in a day. They may be fresh, frozen, canned, dried, pureed, or juiced. Oils The food pyramid advises that fats be consumed sparingly. Butter and oils are examples of fats. Healthy sources of fat can be found in fish, nuts, and certain fruits and vegetables, such as avocados. Fatty foods are also high in calories and eating too much of it can cause serious health problems Dairy Dairy products are produced from the milk of mammals, most usually but not exclusively cattle. They include milk, yogurt and cheese. Milk and its derivative products are a rich source of dietary calcium, but also provide protein, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin D. However, many dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to vegetables, fruits and whole grains, which is why skimmed

products are available as an alternative. For adults, three cups of dairy products are recommended per day. Meat and beans Meat is the tissue usually muscle of an animal consumed by humans. Since most parts of many animals are edible, there are a vast variety of meats. Meat is a major source of protein, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Meats, poultry, and fish include beef, chicken, pork, salmon, tuna, and shrimp, eggs. The meat group is one of the major compacted food groups in the food guide pyramid. Many of the same nutrients found in meat can also be found in foods like eggs, dry beans, and nuts, such foods are typically placed in the same category as meats, as meat alternatives. These include tofu, products that resemble meat or fish but are made with soy, eggs, and cheeses. For those who do not consume meat or animal products, meat analogs, tofu, beans, lentils, chick peas, nuts and other high-protein vegetables are also included in this group. Although meats provide energy and nutrients, they are often high in fat and cholesterol, and can be high in sodium. Simply trimming off fatty tissue can go a long way towards reducing this negative effect. The food guide pyramid suggests that adults eat 23 servings per day. One serving of meat is 4 oz (110 g), about the size of a deck of cards.