Draw and Complete the Chart

Organelle/Struct ure Ribosome Plasma/cell Membrane Golgi Apparatus/ Body Cell Wall Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Cytoplasm Lysosome Chloroplasts Flagellum DNA/Chromatin Nucleolus Vacuole Mitochondria Function Makes proteins Semipermeable border Packages, processes, and stores (like UPS) Supports and protects cell Has a membrane/makes proteins Ribosomes/makes fats Cell control center Gel that holds the organelles (looks like pacman) digests material Produces food/gives green color Locomotion Makes ribosomes Storage Transforms energy Prokaryo tic X X n/a X n/a n/a n/a X n/a n/a X X n/a N/A Eukaryot ic/ animal X X X n/a X X X X X n/a X X X X Eukaryot ic/ Plant X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Answer or define the following:

1. List the Scientist and what they did 2. Cell Theory= the theory that 1) all organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms, 3) all cells come from pre-existing cells. 3. Describe how the cell membrane is arranged called the phospholipid bilayer. Composed of 2 layers phospholipids. The head is hydrolipid (likes water) the tail is hydrophobic (hates water) makes proteins and fats 4. What is the cell membranes function? A thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell. Function: allows a steady supply of nutrients to come into the cell. (Homeostasis!) 5. Selectively Permeable= process in which the membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out 6. transport proteins/integral proteins move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane. (facilitated diffusion) 7. Peripheral proteins= proteins that stick only temporarily to the membrane with which they are associated. Help to penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. 8. Cholesterol= found in the plasma membrane (between the phospholipid molecules). Helps to stabilize the phospholipids by preventing their fatty acid tails from sticking together. 9. Carbohydrate= 10. fluid mosaic =

11. Compare and Contrast the three types of passive transport Diffusion, Facilitative Diffusion, and Osmosis: Diffusion is the random movement of SOLUTE particles from an area of high to low concentration. Facilitative Diffusion is the transportation of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration through a channel protein. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentrations. 12. Solute=substance in the smaller amount 13. Solvent=the larger amount substance that helps to dissolve the solute. 14. Draw and label a Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solution (please refer to bottom of page) 15. What happens to the shape of the cell in a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution? In a hypertonic cell the cell shrinks because water moves out of the cell. In a hypotonic cell, the cell will swell causing it to burst because it has less solute than the cytoplasm and water moves into the cell. In an isotonic cell, it is balanced. 16. Active transport=describes what happens when a cell uses ENERGY to transport something. The cells which carry out a lot of active transport often have lots of mitochondria to give them the energy they need. 17. Endocytosis= the process of taking in nutrients 18. Exocytosis= the process of releasing nutrients.

Isotonic Solution

Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions

Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

Hy pertonic Solution

Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions

Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)

shrinks Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!

Hy potonic Solution

Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions

Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)

Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!