LEARNING AREA 4.0 : MULTIMEDIA 4.1 Multimedia Concept 4.1.

1 Definition of Multimedia

4.1.1.1 Define Multimedia Multimedia is the presentation of information by using a combination of text, audio, graphic, video and animation 4.1.2 Multimedia in Various Fields

4.1.2.1 Identify the use of multimedia in various fields. 1. Source of reference Encyclopedias, directories, dictionaries and electronic books are among common multimedia references. Education and training Learning has become more interesting and effective with educational programmes such as edutainment that is a combination of education and entertainment. Entertainment Entertainment produce computer games, and develop animations or special effects for cartoons and movies. Scientific research New findings can help the researchers to improve the condition of sick people. Business Multimedia applications are used in advertising products. Many companies nowadays develop and distribute catalogues in the form of a CD-ROM as it is more interesting to the consumers. Art Artists use multimedia elements by combining drawing and animation. Medicine Doctors can practice or be trained in performing high-risk surgery by using virtual surgery. Engineering, Computer-Aided Design or CAD is used. By using this application, engineers can view the design from many aspects and improve on it before production.

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4.1.3

Interactivity of Multimedia

4.1.3.1 Differentiate between the characteristics of linear and non-linear multimedia. LINEAR - does not allow user to have control of the sequence and progress of multimedia content Not interactive Examples : documentary, radio, movie, video clip NON- LINEAR - lets the user control of the sequence and progress of multimedia content Interactive Examples : E- encyclopaedia, E- book, edutainment software

4.1.4

Medium of Delivery

4.1.4.1 Compare and contrast the mediums of delivery for multimedia applications (web-based, CD- based)

4.1.5 Multimedia Elements 4.1.5.1 Identify the multimedia elements (text, audio, video, graphics, animation) .doc .wav .txt .midi TEXT .rtf AUDIO .au .wma .aif/ .aiff .swf .avi ANIMATION .gif VIDEO .mov .swi .mpeg .wmv .jpg .gif GRAPHIC .tiff .bmp .png .psd

4.2 4.2.1

Hardware and Software Hardware

4.2.1.1 Identify hardware that can be used to produce multimedia products (scanner, video, camera, audio devices, video capture devices) HARDWARE 1. Scanner FUNCTION - used to convert conventional images, texts, drawings and photos into digital form that can be understood by the computer - four types of scanners: flatbed scanner, hand held scanner, sheetfed scanner and 3D scanner - analog video camera records video in analog signals on a magnetic video tape. - digital video camera records video in digital signals, which can be stored in various forms of media, such as digital video tape or memory cards - , images are captured on a roll of film. In a digital camera, images are captured and stored in a media card. -The advantages of having a digital camera is that the images captured can directly be used in the computer - needed to record analog sound. - The sounds are then changed into digital sound. - Examples of devices used for recording sounds or audio are microphone, sound card and voice synthesizer. - help to convert analog video to digital video. The fire wire helps to transfer the video from video camera to the computer. -They also transfer digital video to the computer so that the data can be edited or stored. MULTIMEDIA Graphics

2. Video Camera

Video

3. Camera

Graphics

4. Audio Device

Audio

5. Video capture devices

Video

4.2.2

Editing Software

4.2.2.1 Identify editing software that can be used to produce multimedia elements (text editor, graphics, and image editor, audio editor, video and animation editor) Editing Software Text editor Function used to edit plain text. edit images, draw illustrate pictures objects or or Software name Notepad Microsoft Word Open Office Writer Audio Editor used for voice recording or producing music and special sound effects used to edit video Microsoft Paint Adobe Photoshop Corel Draw Macromedia Flash (2D) Asymmetrix 3DFX (3D) Magic Morph (special effect) Sound Recorder Sony Sound Forge Adobe Audition Adobe Premiere Pinnacle Studio Ulead MediStudio Pro

Graphics editor

Animation editor

used for producing 2D, 3D, special effects and animation for the Web

Video Editor

4.2.3

Authoring Tools

4.2.3.1 Define the various concepts in authoring tools (time frame, icon, card) 1. Time frame concept Definition : The multimedia elements or events are presented and organised along a time line. This type of tool helps users coordinate when each multimedia element (text, graphics, audio, video or animation) plays. Examples : Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Director Icon Concept Definition: The icon concept in authoring tools provides the multimedia developer with a visual programming approach to sequencing events in the multimedia application. In this concept, elements and events are organised in a structural framework. With icon authoring tools, users can present visually a logical flow of events by dragging icons from an icon menu. Examples : Authorware , IconAuthor Card Concept Definition : based on the idea of card stacks containing graphics, audio, video, text and animation. Elements and events in card concept authoring tools are organised as pages in a book or a stack of cards.

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Examples : ToolBook, HyperCard and SuperCard. 4.2.4 Web Editor

4.2.4.1 Describe and give examples of web editors (text-based, WYSIWYG) ASPECT TEXT- BASED A text-based Web editor is a basic editor where you work with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) tags to create a Web page. It can be used to change HTML source codes. Characteristic User friendly HTML Knowledge Junk HTML Inserting a specific tag less user friendly Requires HTML knowledge No junk HTML Difficult to insert a specific tag Cannot visualize the design Visualise the design Examples Notepad, PSPad Macromedia Dreamweaver, Ms Frontpage WYSIWYG WYSIWYG is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get. WYSIWYG web editors provide an editing interface that shows how the pages will be displayed in a web browser. More user friendly No HTML knowledge required Has junk HTML Easy to insert a specific tag Easy to visualize the design

Definition

4.3 4.3.1

Multimedia Development User Interface Principal

4.3.3.1 State User Interface Principles 1 PRINCIPLES Consistency DESCRIPTION The interface design is in harmony and the same applies to all screen in a software program. The same words or commands perform the same functions throughout the user interface. 3 Context 6 Personalisation clearness of labels on all icons to make the system easy to understand. Users should use relevant icons or graphics to indicate the information. Icons, words or commands should be clearly labelled so that users can understand them easily. every part of a lesson should be relevant to a particular title. Ideas presented need to relate to the title. users can move around the menus, help files or other screens in a system the system enables users to search keywords or glossary. The user interface should have a search function. It should provide multiple ways for users to make queries by grouping or sorting the users can make their own personal or individual learning. Users can choose their display options. the system provides support information and help files to make the system easy to understand. a user has the authority to navigate through all the sections without any limitations.

Clarity

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Navigation Search

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Learnability Flexibility

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Development Team

4.3.2.1 State the role of each member in development team PROJECT MANAGER define the scope of the project and discuss with the client. A project manager has to search for financial resources, equipment and facilities. The project manager also needs to coordinate the production team.

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT to do research on the content of a multimedia program. The Subject Matter Expert has to provide content for the multimedia content.

GRAPHIC ARTIST to develop the graphic elements of the program such as backgrounds, buttons, photo collages, 3D objects, logos and animation.

AUDIO-VIDEO TECHNICIAN The Audio Technician is responsible for recording the voice , edits the sound effects , records and edits music. The Video Technician is responsible for capturing, editing and digitizing the video.

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNER decide on the best educational strategies and practices to present the information

PROGRAMMER write the program code lines or scripts using the authoring tool. He combines the multimedia elements into a multimedia program

4.3.3

Multimedia Production

4.3.3.1 Describe the phases in multimedia production

Analysis phase

Design phase

Implementation phase

Testing phase

Evaluation phase

Publishing phase

1. ANALYSIS PHASE During the Analysis Phase, the multimedia developers interview the clients to find out their needs and write the Problem Statement and a Proposal.

2. DESIGN PHASE Based on the needs of target users, the multimedia developer will design a Flow Chart and Storyboard. This phase is known as the Design Phase.

3. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE The Implementation Phase refers to the process of converting the design plan into a multimedia program. This is the phase where the multimedia program is produced. The task involved are creating text, inserting graphics, animation, audio and video.

4. TESTING PHASE The purpose of testing is to ensure that the program runs correctly without errors. A checklist is used in testing multimedia program.

5. EVALUATION PHASE Selected users will use an Evaluation Form to try out the program and give feedback.

6. PUBLISHING PHASE There are two common delivery mediums for multimedia program : web based and CD based.

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Current And Future Developments Immersive Multimedia

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