LENR 101

Critical Success Factors to LENR: How it works and why it is both fusion and not
2013-10-11/01

Nickel-Hydrogen Systems are constructed by first filling a tube with Nickel grains (around 50nm in size) or porous suspension balls containing opened out nickel flakes, to maximize surface area whilst also creating nano structures.

By repeatedly increasing magnification, first individual grains, molecular crystal lattices and finally atoms are revealed

Hydrogen atoms are then introduced into the charged, evacuated lattice these atoms only penetrate to a limited depth so, smaller crystal grains / flakes are much preferrable to large crystal monoliths. The charged lattice provides an abundance of electrons, and helps orient and energize the magnetic fields of the lattice. Evacuation ensures gaseous impurities that can affect performance are removed.

To ensure more Hydrogen atoms enter the lattice to a deeper level, pressure is applied this also increases cohesion between nickel grains to aide in phonon (compression wave) propagation. The pressure is increased from 1 to 10 bar.

Pressure

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Now, the crystal lattices are exposed to radiative energy (InfraRed) to induce heating in the lattice this radiative energy reduces as it penetrates deeper into the lattice, thus limiting the depth to which the lattice can be usefully exploited.

InfraRed Heating Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure

Once hydrogen has been introduced into the evacuated crystal lattice under pressure and heat applied, one more VITAL element is applied very high frequency compression waves, known as phononic waves due to their equivalence to sound waves (frequencies around 1 x 1014 Hz are typical.). The important factor is that (grain) size * frequency equals 1.094 MHz-metre, as this is the frequencey at which impedence reduces to zero, so allowing energy to transfer between elements in the lattice without loss.

InfraRed Heating Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure

At 1.094 MHz-metre, impedence between different sub-atomic elements reduces to zero, so allowing lossless transfer of energy within the lattice - impedence is what causes ghosting on TV screens when the ariel and TV impedences do not match, leading to energy reflection. This is one of the main secrets to attaining successful Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. The other main secret is that the crystal lattice constrains the movement of ions through its structure, causing ions to repeatedly enter areas known as Brillouin zones (through quantum tunnelling). This massively increases the probability (likelihood) of collisions between leptons (protons, neutrons), especially as the zones reduce the possibility of particles being able to move out of each others way.

Brillouin Zone
Neutrons start forming from protons, heavy electrons and energy

Leptons tunnel and funnel through Brillouin zones

With movement constricted and the whole system bathed in IR energy that moves without loss between particles, transmutation occurs as protons combine with heavy electrons formed from energetic electrons in the crystal lattice to form H1, H2, H3, H4. H4 is unstable and breaks down to Helium 4 and lots of energy. This is the first source of LENRs massive heat gain. LENR is nuclear fusion, one atom at a time.

Quadrium (H4) (Highly Unstable)

Tritium (H3)

Deuterium (H2)

Helium 4

Protium (H1)

Energetic photons and particles, released, re-absorbed by crystal lattice surrounding Brillouin zone, and emitted as InfraRed.

Repeated phononic

perturbation

With movement constricted and the whole system bathed in IR energy that moves without loss between particles, Deuterium-Deuterium fusion to Helium 4 (with lots of energy released) can also occur. This is the second source of LENRs massive heat gain. LENR is nuclear fusion, one atom at a time - again.

Deuterium (H2)

Helium 4

Deuterium (H2)

Energetic photons and particles, released, re-absorbed by crystal lattice surrounding Brillouin zone, and emitted as InfraRed.

Repeated phononic

perturbation

Of course, there are also other reaction paths available but all leading toward the completely safe, rather useful and rather scarce Helium 4. LENR is nuclear fusion, one atom at a time yet again.

Deuterium (H2)

Deuterium (H2)

Helium 4

Protium (H1)

Energetic photons and particles, released, re-absorbed by crystal lattice surrounding Brillouin zone, and emitted as InfraRed.

Repeated phononic

perturbation

The Brillouin Zone reflects the field structure around atoms (the Primer Fields) not round, as originally thought, but cup-and-cap, as shown below:

David LaPoints excellent presentation series on YouTube provides a thought-proviking introduction to his theories on the Primer Fields, fields that drive the shape of our universe from the very small to the very large :
The Primer Fields (David LaPoint) on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EPlyiW-xGI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NogyJ0k8Kw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QsFBxCR8CY

So, the critical success factors for achieving viable LENR reactions are : 1. Crystalline metal lattice providing proton / neutron containment / transmutation 2. Monatomic Hydrogen (H1 and/or H2) saturation no other gases 3. Pressure (1-10 bar) to ensure Hydrogen enters the lattice and tunnels through to the Brillouin zones 4. High frequency phonons (1.094 MHz-m) 5. InfraRed Heating ignition point around 200oC

Heat Charged Lattice Brillouin Zones

Pressure

Charged Lattice

Pressure

Compression