GSF Books Symposium Series No.

Editorial Chairman :
Dr. M. M. Fadiel
Dean, Faculty of Science

New Trends in Science

and
Their Applications
Edited by:
Prof. Fathi El-Ashhab and Dr. Ahmed M. Mami

Faculty of Science
Garyounis University
Benghazi,Libya
P.O. Box 9480,
Fax +218-61-2229617
Phone +218-61-2229617
e-mail: gfs_symposium@garyounis.edu

The Book Based on the Second GSF Symposium,

June 1st and 2nd, 2005.

Garyounis University Press, Benghazi, 2006.

‫كتاب منتدى كلية العلوم الثاني‬

‫ التجاهات الحديثة في العلم وتطبيقاتها‬:‫بعنوان‬
‫ بحث محكم‬26 ‫والمتضمن على‬
‫ تم نشر‬27/3/2006 ‫الطبعة الولى و إيداع نسخة منها بتاريخ‬
‫ ببنغازي‬,‫ بدار الكتب الوطنية‬,‫بوحدة اليداع القانوني‬
7203 :‫رقم اليداع بدار الكتب الوطنية‬

ISBN 9959 - 24 - 7096-‫ردمك‬

i
 GSF Books Symposium Series

Although the notions of researches have long been important parts of

sciences, it was not until relatively recently that research and theory
began to fulfill the promise of the basic goals of the faculty of Science.

Over the past 30 years, staff members have developed and refined
conceptual and empirical tools in many braches of Sciences. These
advances are apparent in the large number of Publications of many staff
members of the faculty of Science.

Given the quantity and quality of research on many aspects of

Sciences, there is a need for a continuing forum dedicated to these
topics. The University of Garyounis, Faculty of Science has the
personnel that allows it to fill this need for a regular, and archival series
on pure and applied sciences.

Overview of Series

A GSF symposium is held every year. This makes the symposium a

regular event and the book series a continuing publication forum. At the
same time, having the symposium every year allows for careful advance
planning of each program and then detailed editorial supervision as the
symposium presentations are converted to polished chapters for the
published volume.

The GSF Books symposium Series comprises three different yet

complementary forms of scientific communication -- face-to-face
conference and published volume. Each symposium addresses a
specific topic within the general area of Sciences. Over two days, 25 to
30 talks are presented by staff members in a lecture format, followed by
open questions from the audience and comments by a discussant. In
addition, participants share meals together, and there is a reception each
day that is open to all audience members as well as to presenters. Thus,
each symposium includes multiple and diverse opportunities for scholarly
discussion and debate.

ii
 The book associated with each symposium is not simply a set of
proceedings. Instead, each conference paper undergoes rigorous
reviewing to ensure that the chapters are of the highest quality in content
and writing. In addition, each volume has an introductory chapter that
explains the logic underlying the volume and sets the stage for the
chapters to follow. Further, each published book in the GSF series has a
concluding chapter that summarizes the contributions and identifies
emergent themes and areas for future work.

Planning the GSF books symposium series no.2, we have picked a

topic, "Science and Its Applications" for the next symposium (to be held
in April, 2006). The Symposium Organizer and Volume Editors Prof. Fathi
El-Ashhab and Dr. Ahmed M. Mami are in the process of inviting the
speakers.

Editorial Board

The topics and speakers are picked by an editorial board consisting of

many professors and professionals from the faculty of science,
Garyounis University, their names are listed below. In addition to
assisting in picking topics and speakers, the board members also review
symposium papers as they are converted into polished book chapters.

Editorial Board

Editorial Chairman: Dean, Dr. M. M. Fadiel

Editor - in - Chief: Prof. F. El-Ashhab

Editorial Director: Dr. A. M. Mami

Technical Director: Dr. M. M. El-Ammari

Editorial Advisors for Series No. 1:

Prof. A El-Hossadi
Prof. F. S. El-Mestiri
Prof. A. I. Mohamed
Prof. S. H. Baiu
Prof. M. Kadayah

iii
 Presidency

Symposium is to be commended for the

high quality of its articles and reviews. The
difficult task entrusted to journals of sciences
is that of providing a platform for the
variegated views in the aspects that affects
the life-style of humankind. This task has
been advanced to a maximal degree by the
editorship of GSF Book Series Symposium.

No one working in this multifarious and

vital field of sciences and research
scholarship can afford to ignore this very ably
edited proceedings book.

Dr. M. S. Embarak
President, University of Garyounis

iv
 Foreword

Symposium is the name Plato gave to a gathering

of more or less sober minds united by love in the
quest of a higher purpose. What began as a
succession of presentations by humans, and thus
as a competition, gave way to an encounter with the
Divine, that not only called to mind the often
forgotten distinction between theory and
application, but that specifically bestowed upon
scientific researchers, that of building bridges.
The publication of the first volume of the GSF
announce high hopes for the continuing presence of
a forum for the exchange of ideas among stuff
members in the University, with a focus on what are
newly phenomenological ideas. Symposium
remains a relative newcomer to the publication field,
its track record to date remains incomparable.
Superb editorship, outstanding contributions, and a
lively exchange of correspondence among
contributors and readers have made this series
unique and invaluable indeed, indispensable to
researchers in the field of applied sciences.

Prof. M. M. Doayb
Vice-President, University of Garyounis

v
 Contents
Preface……………………………………………………………………… viii

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

1. Citric Acid Production Form Date Extract Byproduct by the Fungus

Aspergillusniger …………………………………………………………………… 2
M.M. Haider, N. N. M. El-Tajori , and M.S.Boufars
2. Effect of Aspirin on Cell Division ……………………………………………… 9
F. R. El-Garabulli and J. A. Bashasha
3. Effects of Some Pesticides on different Isolates of Rhizobium Leguminosarum
in Libya…………………………………………………………………………….. 20
S. F. Ben-Gweirif, F. I. El–Moshtty, and S. R. Agouri
4. Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult Male Rats Following Multiple
Subcutaneous Injections of Non-Lethal Doses of Datura metel Leaves Aqueous
Extract…………………………………………………………………… 26
M. A. El-Torki, A. W. Mehdi, A. I. Mohammed, and N. A. Al-Jiboori
5. Single Cell Protein Production From Carob Pod Extact by the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ........................................................................ 49
M. M. Haider, N. N. El-Tajori, and S. H. Baiu
6. The Effect of Human Activities on the Soil Seed Bank of a Semidesert Zone in
South El-Jabel El-Akhdar in Northern Cyrenaica (Libya)…………………….. 57
Y. M.El-Barasi and B. M. Buhwarish
7. Toxic Effects of Castor Bean Ricinus Communis Seeds Water Extract to
Female Swiss Albino Mice Mus Musculus ………………………………………. 69
S. A. Mohamed and A. I. Mohamed

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

8. Anatomy of Agent Systems …………………………………………………….. 83

M. El-Ammari
9. A New Approach of Inhomogeneous Local Smoothing in Image
Reconstruction of Archaeological Geophysics .............................................. 91
S. M. Al-Gezeri
10. Classification Trees with Corner Splits ………………………………………… 10
Y. M. T. El-Gimati and C. C. Taylor 2
11. Factors Influencing Mortality in Libya Before and After The Economic
Sanctions …………………………………………………………………………. 116
Y. B. El-Figih
12. Factors Influencing the Saft Drink Production Acase Study of Benghazi Area 13
A. A. El-Ogali 8
13. Inverse Problems Involving Partial Differential Equations ......................... 15
S. M. Mahlool 4

vi
14. Knowledge Innovation Systems …………………………………………………. 16
O. M. Sallabi and M. A. Shaari 6
15. On Algebraization of Monadic Logic ……………………………………………. 17
K. H. Alzubaidy 7
16. On Stone’s Duality ………………………………………………………………. 18
R. A. El-Ageili 3
17. Quasi-Ordering Algebra………………………………………………………….. 19
S. A. Traina 0

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

18. Chelation Behaviour and Biological Activity of Divalent Metal Ions Towards
Schiff Base Derived from Salicylaldehyde and Histidine …………………….. 19
M.M.El-Ajaily, S.Ben-Gweirif, A.A.Maihub, and A.N. El-Tajoury 5
19. Degree of Ionization for Carboxymethylcellulose Before and After
UV-Irradiation ………………………………………………………………….. 211
F. EL-Ashhab, L.Sheha, R. Sheltami, and Z. Feituri
20. Depositional Environment of the Lower Jurassic Scots Bay Formation,Nova
Scotia, Canada …………………………………………………………………… 21
H. S. Hassan 7
21. Detector Efficiency Correction for High Energy γ-RayCompton Spectroscopy
of Metals and Alloys………………………………………………………………. 23
S. A. Hamouda 6
22. Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Cohesive Properties of Xanthan Gum in
Dilute Aqueous Salt Solution …………………………………………………… 24
F. El-Ashhab, L. Sheha, H. El-Ashhab, N. El-Griany, and H. Abo-Eisa 3
23. Evaluation of The Effective Fixed Charge Density For Silver Borate
Membrane Using Kobatake Equation…………………………………………… 25
S.El-Atrash, Badral Islam, and F. Bo-Doowara 0
24. Limitations of Conventional Wire-line Logging Tools in Defining and
Evaluating Thin Bedded Clastic Succession in the Upper Cretaceous Orange
Basin, South Africa ……………………………………………………………….. 25
O. Derder 9
25. Preparation and Characterization of Fe (III) and Os (III) Chelates of Schiff
Base Derived from Salicylaldehyde and Anthranilic Acid……………………... 27
A.A. Maihub, M. M. El-Ajaily, A.H. Azzouz, N. B. El-Barasi, and R.M 5
.Al-Ferjani
26. Viscous Behavior of Aqueous Hydroxyethylcellulose in Moderate
Concentration Domain Before and After Gamma Irradiation………………… 28
F. El-Ashhab, L. Sheha, A. El-Dali, A.E. Abdel Salam, O. Zubeir, and 4
E. El-Taboni

PREFACE

vii
 This first volume is the proceedings of the 2nd
Annual Science Symposium, held 1 - 2 June 2005 in
The faculty of Science, Garyounis University. It has
been a year since the previous symposium held in
2004, and much progress has been achieved in this
year. When sending out the first announcement, the
scientific committee hoped for 15 to 20
contributions. Eventually over 50 abstracts were
submitted. A number of them were withdrawn or
rejected, and in these proceeding 28 papers are
included. All papers are accommodated in the
scientific programme.

The papers in the proceedings deal with all

aspects of Sciences and how important the research
is for mankind. "New Trends in Science and Its
Applications" is not a fancy catchphrase, it is a
simple fact. The papers in this proceedings show
just how much progress has been achieved.

We feel that a compact two-day symposium is

one of the best vehicles for this purpose. Judging
from the quality of the papers contained herein is a
good reaction to this Symposium, we provide the
first step toward accomplishing our objectives.
To order the contributions, three main topics
have been defined, together with a number of sub-
topics. There is of course a great overlap between
these topics and it has sometimes been very hard

viii
for the scientific committee to choose where a paper
should belong. The relations between the topics will
be given in the introduction where each topic is
presented in detail.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank

the stuff members of the faculty for their efforts.
Their knowledge has made this Symposium
possible. The mark of a true champion is not only
his advanced knowledge and ability to apply it, but
also his willingness to share it.
I wish to express my gratitude to the members of
the editorial Board, who have been a tremendous
support in the editorial process. Also the support
from the people’s committee of the university may
not go unmentioned. Special recognition goes to
Prof. F. El-Ashhab students: H. Abo-Eisa and E. El-
Taboni, Dr. A. M. Mami departmental staff: A.
A.Younis, and Dr. M. M. EL-Ammari technical staff:
A. Rahuma and E. El-Sahali for their assistance.
Suggestions and comments from our readers and
participants are welcome.

Dr. M. M. Fadiel

Dean, Faculty of Science

ix