Daniel Ayala Jacob Button Jacob Young Introduction We are solving 3 problems from chapter 3 in this part of the project. Directions for the 1st set of ProbIems Give background information about our problem sets n 2830, rewrite each statement without using quantifiers or variables. ndicate which are true and which are false, and justify your answers as best as you can. SymboIs and their Definitions = "For all. t means that for all possible values in the domain the statement is true. = "There exists...This means that at least one element of the domain matching the condition can be found. = "An element of. This means that the preceeding elements belong to the set listed after it. SymboIs (continued) Implication. It means that the term beIore it implies the term aIter it. Example: 'II P(x) then Q (x) is the same as P(x) Q(x) Biconditional, or 'II and only II AND (both values MUST be true) OR (At least one value must be true) ~ NOT, or the opposite truth value First ProbIem 28. Let the domain of x be the set D of objects discussed in mathematics courses, and let Real (x) be "x is a real number, Pos(x) be "x is a positive real number, Neg(x) be "x is a negative real number, and nt(x) be "x is an integer. a. Pos(0) b. x, Real(x) Neg(x) Pos(~x). c. x, Int(x) Real(x). d. x such that Real(x) Int(x). a. Pos(0) - Translated into words: 0 is a positive real number - This statement is false because 0 is neither negative or positive. - Translated into words: f x is a real number and is negative, then (-x) is positive. - This statement is true because the negative of a negative number is positive b. x, ReaI(x) Neg(x) Pos(~x). c. x, Int(x) ReaI(x). - Translated into words: f x is an integer, then x is a real number - This statement is true because all integers are real numbers. d. x such that ReaI(x) ~Int(x). - Translated into words: There exists an x such that it is a real number and x is not an integer - This statement is true because fractions are real numbers, but they are not integers. Second ProbIem 29. Let the domain of x be the set of geometric figures in the plane, and let Square(x) be "x is a square and Rect(x) be "x is a rectangle. a. x, such that Rect(x) Square(x). b. x, such that Rect(x) ~Square(x). c. x, Square(x) Rect(x). a. x, such that Rect(x) Square(x). - Translated into words: There is exists an x such that x is a rectangle and a square - This is true because a square is always a rectangle b. x, such that Rect(x) ~Square (x). - Translated into words: There is an x such that x is a rectangle and is not a square. - This statement is true because not all rectangles are squares c. x, Square(x) Rect(x). -Translated into words: There exists an x, if x is a square, then x is a rectangle. - This is true because all squares are rectangles Third ProbIem 30. Let the domain of x be the set Z of integers, and let Odd(x) be "x is odd, Prime(x) be "x is prime, and Square(x) be "x is a perfect square. (An integer n is said to be a perfect square if, and only if, it equals the square of some integer. For example, 25 is a perfect square because 25 = 5^2.) a. x such that Prime(x) Odd(x). b. x, Prime(x) Square(x). c. x such that Odd(x) Square(x) a. x such that Prime(x) Odd(x). - Translated into words:: There exists an x such that x is prime and x is not an odd number. - This is true because there is an even number that is prime, the number 2. b. x, Prime(x) ~Square(x). - Translated into words: There exists an x such that if x is a prime number then x is not a perfect square. - This is false because all prime numbers are not perfect squares. c. x such that Odd(x) Square(x) - Translated into words: There exists an x such that x is odd and x is a perfect square - This is true because 49 is an odd number and 49 = 7^2 is a perfect square.