Reading passage 1

A. Americans are really stressed out not least of all American kids, according to a new survey from the American Psychological Association. The report found that children who are overweight or obese feel particularly stressed, more so than their normal-weighted peers. And such stress may have a lasting impact on other lifestyle behaviours that negatively affect overweight kids' health. B. The new report, "Stress in America 2010," found that the majority of Americans continue to live with moderate to high levels of stress, and while they know this isn't healthy, they say they face obstacles that prevent them from managing or reducing their stress. They also acknowledge that they have trouble adopting other healthy behaviours like eating right, exercising and getting enough sleep. C. The effects of all of that appear to be trickling down to their families, particularly in households with overweight or obese parents. Obese parents were more likely than normal-weight parents to have overweight kids, and parents with overweight kids were less likely to report often or always eating healthy foods, compared with parents of thin children. What's more, thin parents said they engaged in physical activity with their families more often than fat parents. D. Along with the tendency toward unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, fat parents and fat children shared higher levels of stress. For instance, while 31% of overweight children reported worrying about their lives, only 14% of their healthy weighted counterparts did the same. When researchers asked about specific symptoms of stress and depression, the rates of positive responses in overweight children went up and stayed higher than in normal-weight kids: overweight children were more likely than children of healthy weight to have trouble sleeping at night (48% vs. 33%), feel angry or get into fights (22% vs. 13%), experience headaches (43% vs. 28%) or feel listless and like they didn't want to do anything (34% vs. 21%). Further, children who believed they were overweight were more likely to report a parent who was "always" or often stressed out in the past month (39% vs. 30%). E. Although the majority of parents didn't know their kids were affected by their stress, 91% of all children surveyed said they could tell when a parent was upset about something, and could perceive their emotional distress when they argued, complained or acted worried. Nearly half of "tween" children aged 8 to 12 and one-third of teens aged 13 to 17 reported feeling sad in response to a parent's distress, while large proportions also felt worried or frustrated. And while 86% of tweens said they felt comfortable talking to their parents about stressful situations, only 50% had done so in the previous month.

F. Additional survey data suggested that while overweight kids feel more stress, stress can also lead to additional weight gain. Most of the children interviewed said they used sedentary activities to manage their stress: 36% of tweens and 66% of teens listened to music, 56% of tweens and 41% of teens played video games, and 34% of tweens and 30% of teens watched TV. Further, 48% of overweight teens and tweens reported disordered eating (either too much or too little) when stressed out, compared with only 16% of children at a healthy weight. G. With nearly 1 in 5 children in America being overweight, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, managing stress as part of a total weight-control plan can only help. Source: Time Questions You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 to 14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 7 Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A G. From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write the appropriate numbers I ix in boxes 1 7 on your answer sheet.

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix.

Additional survey data. Problems with the kids. American kids. The stress. Stress and depression. The new report. Problem with parents. The effects. 1 Paragraph Managing stress. 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6 Paragraph 7 Paragraph A B C D E F G

Questions 8 10

Choose the correct letters, A, B, C or D Write your answers in boxes 8 10 on your answer sheet. 8 Stress can also lead to additional A. B. C. D. 9 A. B. C. D. 10 A. B. C. D. Side effects. Weight loss. Weight gain. Mental anxiety. Higher level of stress is found among Fat Fat Fat Fat citizens. mothers. fathers. parents and children.

The majority of parents didn't know their kids were affected by Their stress. Their lifestyle. The school pressure. Lack of free time.

Questions 11 14 Complete each of the following statements (questions 11 14) with the best endings A G from the box below Write the appropriate letters A G in boxes 11 14 on your answer sheet. 11 The rates of positive responses in overweight children went up and 12 Obese parents were more likely than normal-weight 13 The majority of Americans continue to live 14 All children surveyed said they could tell when

A Parents to have overweight kids. B Stayed higher than in normal-weight kids. C Affected normal weight kids. D With moderate to high levels of stress. E An abnormal life. F A parent was upset about something.

Reading passage 2 A. Could Anwar al-Awlaki be hiding in plain sight in Yemen? He certainly knows when and how to make an appearance. On Monday, Nov. 8, the Yemeni-American cleric released a video rallying his followers to murder Americans. "Do not seek any permission when it comes to the killing of Americans. Fighting the devil doesn't need a fatwa [religious edict]," the bespectacled and bushy-bearded orator said in Arabic, while dressed in traditional Yemeni long robe, headscarf and tribal dagger. B. "This is a battle of Moses and pharaoh. This is a battle of righteousness and falsehood." The footage was crisp and professional. And al-Awlaki's timing was audacious: just two days before, a judge in Yemen had ordered police to capture the radical preacher "dead or alive" after he had failed to show up at his trial a week ago. That, of course, followed days of global consternation over the cargo-bomb plot allegedly brewed up by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). Al-Awlaki is believed to be the group's spiritual mentor. C. In the West, al-Awlaki is caricatured as a Yemeni Osama bin Laden, hiding deep in the mountains, fearing for his life as U.S. Predator drones circle above. But for many Yemenis, al-Awlaki is more of an Al Capone, a known outlaw traveling with impunity and some social cachet. A resident of Shabwa, the arid, mountainous southern province where al-Awlaki is believed to be living, tells TIME the cleric was seen only a week before the cargo-bomb plot unfolded. He was part of a convoy on the way to the north. "I saw him driving along with five cars following," says the resident, who asked not to be named. "People here see him a lot." One Yemeni corporate-security adviser with close ties to tribes in al-Qaeda hot spots says, "We are 100% sure the government knows where [al-Awlaki] is." D. Born in New Mexico to Yemeni parents, al-Awlaki took the terrorism spotlight after he and his preachings were linked to a U.S. Army psychiatrist who killed 13 people in Fort Hood, Texas, on Nov. 5, 2009, and then to a Nigerian student accused of trying to blow up a Detroit-bound passenger jet on Christmas day that year. Al-Awlaki speaks fluent English with an American accent and has proved his ability to recruit Westerners, who can move with ease across international borders. E. While YouTube has removed some of his sermons, many of his other English-language videos remain accessible. This year, Yemen came under intense pressure from Washington to crack down on al-Qaeda's local offshoot here. But despite the additional pressure emanating from the cargo-bomb plot, Yemen seems to be in the same position it was two weeks before: nowhere. Critics now doubt that the country is up to the challenge of quelling the growing al-Qaeda threat or capturing or killing alAwlaki. F. The government of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has made many noises about hunting down al-Awlaki, at one point announcing it would

send 3,000 troops to Shabwa to search for the cleric. However, residents there tell TIME there has been no visible military build-up. Meanwhile, Saturday's court-ordered arrest is seen as another futile gesture by the government in Sana'a. Critics here refer to the al-Awlaki trial (on charges of belonging to al-Qaeda and inciting the murder of foreigners) as a "game," mere rhetoric to appease the U.S. The Yemeni government insists there is no link between the timing of the arrest order and the international furor over Yemen's role as the point of origin for the parcel bombs. G. What might happen if Yemen actually arrested al-Awlaki? There is some fear of a backlash from the cleric's mighty southern tribe, the Awlaki, which is believed to be sheltering him. With a weak central government, and vast expanses of the country under tribal control, President Saleh is constantly juggling the needs of different tribal sheiks to avoid uprisings. And so, AQAP members like al-Awlaki, who are protected by powerful tribes, are virtually guaranteed sanctuary. Sana'a is already fighting two domestic insurgencies: a rebel faction in the north and a separatist movement in the south, where tribes play a large role in rallying troops against the regime. Source: Time Questions You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15 27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 Questions 15 19 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 15 -19 in your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 15. One doesnt need to take Gods permission to fight a devil. 16. Yemenis have a common hatred against the Americans. 17. Al-Awlakis parents were from New Mexico. 18. His preachings were linked to a U.S. Army psychiatrist who killed 13 people in Fort Hood. 19. He thinks that he is a saviour of gods world. Question 20 23 Look at the following persons or places (questions 20 23) and the list of statements below. Match each person or place to the correct statement. Write the correct letter A G in boxes 1 4 on your answer sheet. 20. Al-Awlaki

21. 22. 23.

Moses Al Capone Osama bin Laden A He was a messiah. B He is the Yemeni terrorist leader. C Is famous for world terrorism. D He was an outlaw. E He is a biblical character.

F He is called the hater of America. Questions 24 27 Complete the following statements with the correct alternative from the box. Write the correct letter A F in boxes 24 27 on your answer sheet. 24. 25. 26. 27. YouTube has removed some of his sermons, many of his other The government of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has Saturday's court-ordered arrest is seen as another Sana'a is already fighting A Two domestic insurgencies. B Futile gesture by the government in Sana'a. C English-language videos remain accessible. D Made many noises about hunting down al-Awlaki. Reading Passage 3 E a With significant potential) hazards. A. Biologically, child (plural: children is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority. "Child" may also describe a relationship with a parent or authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties." B. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as "a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier." Ratified by 192 of 194 member countries. Biologically, a child is anyone between birth and puberty or in the developmental stage of childhood, between infancy and adulthood. Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as not able to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult. C. Recognition of childhood as a state different from adulthood began to emerge in the 16th and 17th centuries. Society began to relate to the

child not as a miniature adult but as a person of a lower level of maturity needing adult protection, love and nurturing. This change can be traced in painting: In the Middle Ages, children were portrayed in art as miniature adults with no childish characteristics. In the 16th century, images of children began to acquire a distinct childish appearance. From the late 17th century onwards, children were shown playing. Toys and literature for children also began to develop at this time. D. The age at which children are considered responsible for their own actions (e.g., marriage, voting, etc.) has also changed over time, and this is reflected in the way they are treated in courts of law. In Roman times, children were regarded as not culpable for crimes, a position later adopted by the Church. In the nineteenth century, children younger than seven years old were believed incapable of crime. Children from the age of seven forward were considered responsible for their actions. Therefore, they could face criminal charges, be sent to adult prison, and be punished like adults by whipping, branding or hanging. E. Surveys have found that at least 25 countries around the world have no specified age for compulsory education. Minimum employment age and marriage age also vary. In at least 125 countries, children aged 715 may be taken to court and risk imprisonment for criminal acts. In some countries, children are legally obliged to go to school until they are 14 or 15 years old, but may also work before that age. A child's right to education is threatened by early marriage, child labour and imprisonment. F. All children go through stages of social development. An infant or very young child will play alone happily. If another child wanders onto the scene, he or she may be physically attacked or pushed out of the way. Next, the child is able to play with another child, gradually learning to share and take turns. Eventually the group grows larger, to three or four children. By the time a child enters kindergarten, he or she is usually able to join in and enjoy group experiences. G. Children with ADHD and learning disabilities may need extra help in developing social skills. The impulsive characteristics of an ADHD child may lead to poor peer relationships. Children with poor attention spans may not tune in to social cues in their environment, making it difficult for them to learn social skills through experience. According to population health experts, child mortality rates have fallen sharply since the 1990s. Deaths of children under the age of five are down by 42% in the United States, while Serbia and Malaysia have cut their rates by nearly 70%. Source: Wikipedia.com Questions You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 40 which are based on Reading Passage 3.

Questions 28 32 The passage has seven paragraphs labelled AG. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. A child is the other self of an adult. Society began to relate to the child not as a miniature adult. In Roman times, children were regarded as not culpable for crimes, a position later adopted by the Church. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor. A child is anyone between birth and puberty or in the developmental stage of childhood.

Questions 33 36 Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 3. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.

33. 34. 35. 36.

The age for children to be responsible for their own actions has also changed . Children generally have fewer rights . Recognition of childhood as a state different from adulthood began to emerge . A person of a lower level of maturity needs .

Questions 37 40 Complete the summary of the paragraphs E G below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

At least 25 countries around the world have no specified age 37 ...................... A child's right to education is threatened by early marriage, 38 ................... By the time a child enters kindergarten, he or she is usually able to join in and 39 ......................... According to population health experts, child mortality rates have fallen sharply 40 .........................