0

Introduction
Features
Square or rectangular Hollow Structural Sections (HSS),
because of its box shaped section, has many
mechanical properties of advantage, including:
Great moment of inertia and section modulus per unit
area
Well-balanced sectional performance in the X-Y
direction
Large radius of gyration, which aids in increasing
resistance to buckling
Very great torsional rigidity
In addition, it has a number of appearance and
workability features, such as:
It has a natural sectional configuration as column
member
It may have linearly cut end surfaces at connections
It needs to have fireproof covering or painting only on
one side
On the whole, it can be called an economical material as
structural member.

exhibits great toughness under severe repeating loads,

such as earthquakes and storms. Thus, in the
architectural field as listed above it has structurally
very favorable merits, especially it is an ideal column
member for multi-storied rigid-frame structures. It is
also an ideal truss member for long-span constructions
because of its excellent workability and large radius of
gyration. It therefore gives much promise of future
development in this field.
Our Roles
In response to the customer requirements for square
and rectangular HSS in these various fields, our
company is going ahead with the establishment of
production systems for large-diameter and thick-wall
square and rectangular HSS as well as with research
and development activities for utilization technology.
The present design manual summarizes general matters
involved in the design procedure for square and
rectangular HSS; at the same time, it carries, for the
sake of convenience, tables of the loads calculated
concerning the square and rectangular HSS of our
company.
Our companys square and rectangular HSS are
manufactured, as for inch sizes, pursuant to ASTM
A500 Grades B and C. The design procedure has been
conformed to the AISC Steel Construction Manual
Thirteenth edition; only the provisions regarding square
and rectangular HSS have been excerpted and
reproduced, from which values for the load tables have
been computed.
All date contained herein were as accurate as possible
at time of publication, but the Company can not assume
final responsibility for application of the information or
misinterpretation of them.

Applications
Main structural members:
Columns in offices, shopping malls, schools, factories,
warehouses, etc.
Columns and beams in prefabricated houses,
detached houses, medium or small stores, etc.
Truss members of long-span construction, as in
stadiums, gymnasiums, meeting halls, hangars, etc.
Frames in plant structures, advertising towers, etc.
Secondary structural members:
Auxiliary structural members, such as wind beams,
studs, blades, etc.
Frames in garages, greenhouses, livestock sheds,
cages, etc.
Gates, fences, pergolas, facades, etc.
Road Facilities:
Bridge railings, guardrails, overhead gantries, poles,
etc.
Pedestrian bridges, bridge trusses, etc.
Mechanical members:
Frames in cranes, vehicles, construction machinery,
farming machinery, etc.
Frames in multi-level automated warehouses,
conveyors, steel furniture, etc.
Large-diameter square or rectangular HSS, particularly
in the square section, has the same sectional
performance in the X and Y directions; moreover, it

CONTENTS
Sect.1 Material and Specification
Sect.2 Dimensions and Properties
Sect.3 Design of Members
3-1 Tension
3-2 Compression
3-3 Flexure
3-4 Shear
Sect.4 Column
Sect.5 Beam
Sect.6 Details
1

Sect.1 Material and Specification

C:Applies to specified wall thicknesses equal to or
greater than 0.120 in.. For lighter specified wall
thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be by
agreement with the manufacturer.

Our company is manufacturing square and rectangular

HSS of constant quality under complete quality control
from the strip of Nippon Steel Corporation. The welding
procedure is high-frequency welding; outside burrs are

Table 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dim.

removed during tube making, and inside burrs are not.

Table 2 Tensile Requirements

Permissible Variations
Specified Outside Large
Over and Under
Flat Dimension, in.
Specified Outside Flat
Dimensions A, in.
Over 2 1/2 and under 00.
0.020
Over 2 1/2 to 3 1/2, incl.
0.025
Over 3 1/2 to 5 1/2, incl.
0.030
Over 5 1/2 to 0 0/0, incl.
0.01 times large
flat dimension
A. The permissible variations include allowance for
convexity or concavity. For rectangular sections
having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension
less than 1.5, the tolerance in small flat dimension shall
be identical to the tolerance in large flat dimension.
For rectangular sections having a ratio of outside large
to small flat dimension in the range of 1.5 to 3.0
inclusive, the tolerance in small flat dimension shall be
1.5 times the tolerance in large flat dimension. For
rectangular sections having a ratio of outside large to
small flat dimension greater than 3.0, the tolerance in
small flat dimension shall be 2.0 times the tolerance in
large flat dimension.

Tensile
Yield
Elongation
Strength
Strength
in 2 in.
min. psi
min. psi
min. %
Grade B
58,000
46,000
23B
Grade C
62,000
50,000
21C
B:Applies to specified wall thicknesses equal to or
greater than 0.180 in.. For lighter specified wall
thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be
calculated by formula: per cent elongation in 2 in. = 61t
+ 12, rounded to the nearest percent.

Table 4 Permissible Variations in Twist

Specified Dimension of
Maximum Twist in 3 ft.
Longest Side, in.
in.
Over 1 1/2 and under 00.
0.050
Over 1 1/2 to 2 1/2, incl.
0.062
Over 2 1/2 to 4, incl. 0/0
0.075
Over 4 to 6, incl. 0/0 0/0
0.087
Over 6 to 8, incl. 0/0 0/0
0.100
Over 8 to 8, incl. 0/0 0/0
0.112

All square and rectangular HSS of our company

conforms to ASTM A500 Grades B and C; its chemical
requirements and tensile requirements are as shown in
Tables 1 and 2. Besides, ROPS HSS that have excellent
impact performance at low temperatures may be
manufactured, and customer specifications for them will
be met subject to negotiation.
The dimensional tolerances are as shown in Tables 3 to
5.
Table 1 Chemical Requirements

Carbon, max.
Manganese, max.
Phosphorus, max.
Sulfur, max.

Composition %
Grade B
Grade C
0.230
0.260
1.350
1.350
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035

Classification

Table 5 Permissible Variations in Other Dimensions

Items
Tolerances
The minimum wall thickness at any point of measurement on the HSS shall be not more than
10% less than the specified wall thickness. The maximum wall thickness, excluding the weld
Wall Thickness
seam of welded HSS, shall be not more than 10% greater than the specified wall thickness.
The wall thickness requirements shall apply only to the centers of the flats.
Straightness

The permissible variation for straightness of HSS shall be 1/8 in. times the number of feet of
total length divided by 5.

Squareness of Sides

Adjacent sides shall be square (90), with a permissible variation of plus or minus 2 max.

Radius of Corners

The radius of each outside corner of the section shall not exceed three times the specified
wall thickness .
2

Sect.2 Dimensions and Properties

Table 6(a)
Nominal
Size
in.
2x2

Dimensions and Properties (SQUARE)

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design*
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

Nominal Wt.

Area

Ix = Iy

Sx = Sy

rx = ry

Zx = Zx

kg/ft
1.89
1.96
2.45

lb/ft
4.17
4.31
5.40

in.2
1.153
1.193
1.507

in.4
0.624
0.640
0.745

in.3
0.624
0.640
0.745

in.
0.736
0.732
0.703

in.3
0.774
0.797
0.964

Torsion
J
C
in.4
in.3
1.06 1.10
1.09 1.14
1.31 1.41

2.5 x 2.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

2.45
2.53
3.22

5.39
5.58
7.09

1.487
1.541
1.973

1.31
1.35
1.63

1.05
1.08
1.30

0.940
0.937
0.908

1.28
1.32
1.63

2.18
2.25
2.79

1.80
1.86
2.35

3x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

3.00
3.11
3.99
4.79
5.51

6.61
6.86
8.79
10.6
12.1

1.821
1.889
2.439
2.935
3.387

2.39
2.46
3.02
3.45
3.77

1.59
1.64
2.01
2.30
2.51

1.14
1.14
1.11
1.08
1.05

1.91
1.97
2.48
2.90
3.25

3.89
4.03
5.08
5.94
6.64

2.66
2.76
3.52
4.18
4.74

3.5 x 3.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

3.56
3.69
4.76

7.83
8.13
10.5

2.155
2.237
2.905

3.92
4.05
5.04

2.24
2.31
2.88

1.35
1.35
1.32

2.66
2.76
3.50

6.33
6.56
8.35

3.69
3.83
4.92

4x4

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

4.11
4.27
5.53
6.72
7.83
9.80

9.06
9.40
12.2
14.8
17.2
21.6

2.489
2.585
3.371
4.099
4.783
6.018

6.00
6.21
7.80
9.14
10.3
11.9

3.00
3.10
3.90
4.57
5.13
5.95

1.55
1.55
1.52
1.49
1.46
1.41

3.54
3.67
4.69
5.59
6.39
7.70

9.61
9.96
12.8
15.3
17.5
21.0

4.89
5.07
6.56
7.91
9.14
11.2

4.5 x 4.5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291

4.67
4.85
6.31
7.68

10.3
10.7
13.9
16.9

2.823
2.933
3.837
4.681

8.72
9.02
11.4
13.5

3.87
4.01
5.08
5.99

1.76
1.75
1.73
1.70

4.55
4.71
6.06
7.27

13.9
14.4
18.5
22.3

6.25
6.49
8.44
10.2

5x5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

5.22
5.43
7.08
8.65
10.1
12.9

11.5
11.9
15.6
19.0
22.3
28.4

3.157
3.281
4.303
5.263
6.179
7.878

12.1
12.6
16.0
19.0
21.7
26.0

4.86
5.03
6.41
7.61
8.67
10.4

1.96
1.96
1.93
1.90
1.87
1.82

5.68
5.89
7.61
9.16
10.6
13.1

19.2
19.9
25.8
31.2
36.1
44.6

7.78
8.08
10.5
12.8
14.9
18.7

6x6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

6.33
6.58
8.62
10.6
12.5
16.0

13.9
14.5
19.0
23.3
27.4
35.2

3.825
3.977
5.235
6.427
7.575
9.738

21.5
22.3
28.6
34.3
39.4
48.2

7.16
7.42
9.54
11.4
13.1
16.1

2.37
2.37
2.34
2.31
2.28
2.23

8.3
8.6
11.2
13.6
15.8
19.8

33.7
35.0
45.6
55.4
64.6
81.1

11.3
11.8
15.4
18.9
22.1
28.1

7x7

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

7.44
7.74
10.2
12.5
14.8
19.1

16.4
17.0
22.4
27.5
32.5
42.0

4.493
4.673
6.167
7.591
8.971
11.6

34.7
36.0
46.5
56.1
64.9
80.5

9.91
10.3
13.3
16.0
18.6
23.0

2.78
2.77
2.75
2.72
2.69
2.63

11.4
11.9
15.5
18.9
22.1
27.9

54.0
56.1
73.5
89.7
105
133

15.6
16.2
21.3
26.1
30.7
39.3

Note)
*:The wall thickness used in design, is taken as 0.93 times the nominal wall thickness.
The corner radii are taken as 2 times the design wall thickness.
Ix,y : Moment of inertia about the principal axes, in.4
Sx,y : Elastic section modulus about the principal axes, in.3
Rx,y : Radius of gyration about the principal axes, in
Zx,y : Plastic section modulus about the principal axes, in.3
4
J : Torsional constant, in.
C : Torsional shear constant, in.3

Table 6(b) Dimensions and Properties (SQUARE)

Nominal
Size
in.
8x8

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design*
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349
0.500
0.465
0.625
0.581

Nominal Wt.

Area

Ix = Iy

Sx = Sy

rx = ry

Zx = Zx

kg/ft
8.55
8.90
11.7
14.4
17.1
22.1
26.9

lb/ft
18.8
19.6
25.8
31.8
37.6
48.8
59.2

in.2
5.161
5.369
7.099
8.755
10.37
13.46
16.37

in.4
52.4
54.4
70.7
85.6
99.6
125
146

in.3
13.1
13.6
17.7
21.4
24.9
31.2
36.5

in.
3.19
3.18
3.15
3.13
3.10
3.04
2.99

in.3
15.1
15.7
20.5
25.1
29.4
37.5
44.7

Torsion
J
C
in.4
in.3
81.2 20.5
84.5 21.3
111 28.1
136 34.5
160 40.7
204 52.4
244 63.2

10 x 10

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

14.8
18.3
21.7
28.3
34.6
40.6

32.6
40.3
47.8
62.3
76.2
89.3

8.963
11.08
13.16
17.18
21.02
24.72

141
172
202
256
304
347

28.3
34.5
40.4
51.2
60.8
69.4

3.97
3.94
3.92
3.86
3.80
3.75

32.7
40.1
47.2
60.7
73.2
84.7

220
271
320
412
498
578

44.4
54.8
64.8
84.2
102
119

12 x 12

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

17.9
22.1
26.3
34.5
42.3
49.8

39.4
48.8
58.0
75.9
93.2
110

10.83
13.41
15.95
20.90
25.67
30.30

248
304
357
457
548
631

41.4
50.7
59.5
76.2
91.3
105

4.79
4.76
4.73
4.68
4.62
4.56

47.6
58.6
69.2
89.6
109
127

384
474
561
728
885
1030

64.5
79.7
94.6
123
151
177

14 x 14

0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

26.0
31.0
40.6
50.0
59.1
67.8

57.2
68.2
89.5
110
130
149

15.74
18.74
24.62
30.32
35.88
41.23

490
577
743
896
1040
1170

69.9
82.5
106
128
148
167

5.58
5.55
5.49
5.44
5.38
5.32

80.5
95.4
124
151
177
201

759
900
1170
1430
1680
1910

109
130
170
208
246
281

16 x 16

0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

29.8
35.6
46.8
57.7
68.3
78.6

65.7
78.4
103
127
150
173

18.07
21.54
28.34
34.96
41.47
47.74

739
873
1130
1370
1590
1800

92.3
109
141
171
199
225

6.39
6.37
6.31
6.25
6.20
6.14

106
126
164
200
235
268

1140
1350
1770
2170
2560
2920

144
171
224
276
326
373

18 x 18

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

53.0
65.4
77.6
89.4

117
144
171
197

32.06
39.61
47.05
54.25

1630
1980
2320
2630

181
220
257
292

7.13
7.07
7.02
6.96

210
257
302
346

2540
3120
3690
4220

286
352
417
479

20 x 20

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

59.1
73.1
86.8
100

130
161
191
221

35.78
44.26
52.64
60.76

2260
2750
3230
3670

226
275
323
367

7.94
7.89
7.83
7.78

261
320
378
433

3510
4320
5110
5870

355
437
519
597

22 x 22

0.750
0.875

0.698
0.814

96.1
111

212
244

58.22
67.28

4350
4970

396
452

8.65
8.59

462
530

6860
7890

632
729

Table 6(c)
Nominal
Size
in.
3x2

Dimensions and Properties (RECTANGULAR)

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design*
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

Nominal Wt.

Area

Ix

Iy

kg/ft
2.45
2.53
3.22

lb/ft
5.39
5.58
7.09

in.2
1.487
1.541
1.973

in.4
1.71
1.76
2.12

in.4
0.905
0.931
1.11

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

in.3
in.3
1.14 0.905
1.18 0.931
1.42 1.11

in.
1.07
1.07
1.04

in.
0.780
0.777
0.750

in.3
1.43
1.48
1.83

in.3
1.08
1.12
1.38

Torsion
J
C
in.4
in.3
1.98 1.72
2.05 1.78
2.52 2.23

Sx

Sy

4x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

3.00
3.11
3.99

6.61
6.86
8.79

1.821
1.889
2.439

3.55
3.66
4.49

1.19
1.22
1.48

1.77
1.83
2.25

1.19
1.22
1.48

1.40
1.39
1.36

0.807
0.804
0.778

2.26
2.34
2.94

1.39
1.43
1.79

2.98
3.08
3.82

2.33
2.41
3.05

4x3

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

3.56
3.69
4.76

7.83
8.13
10.5

2.155
2.237
2.905

4.78
4.93
6.15

3.06
3.16
3.91

2.39
2.47
3.07

2.04
2.10
2.61

1.49
1.49
1.45

1.19
1.19
1.16

2.90
3.00
3.81

2.38
2.46
3.12

6.04
6.26
7.96

3.61
3.74
4.81

5x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

3.56
3.69
4.76

7.83
8.13
10.50

2.155
2.237
2.905

6.29
6.50
8.08

1.47
1.51
1.84

2.52
2.60
3.23

1.47
1.51
1.84

1.71
1.70
1.67

0.825
0.822
0.796

3.25
3.37
4.27

1.69
1.75
2.20

4.01
4.15
5.17

2.94
3.05
3.88

5x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

4.11
4.27
5.53
6.72
7.83

9.06
9.40
12.2
14.8
17.2

2.489
2.585
3.371
4.099
4.783

8.24
8.53
10.7
12.6
14.1

3.73
3.85
4.81
5.59
6.23

3.30
3.41
4.29
5.03
5.65

2.48
2.57
3.20
3.73
4.16

1.82
1.82
1.78
1.75
1.72

1.22
1.22
1.19
1.17
1.14

4.06
4.21
5.38
6.42
7.34

2.85
2.96
3.77
4.48
5.10

8.34
8.64
11.0
13.1
14.9

4.56
4.73
6.10
7.33
8.44

6x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

4.11
4.27
5.53

9.06
9.40
12.2

2.489
2.585
3.371

10.1
10.5
13.1

1.75
1.80
2.21

3.37
3.49
4.37

1.75
1.80
2.21

2.02
2.01
1.97

0.838
0.835
0.809

4.42
4.58
5.84

2.00
2.07
2.61

5.07
5.24
6.55

3.55
3.68
4.70

6x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

4.67
4.85
6.31
7.68
8.98

10.3
10.7
13.9
16.9
19.8

2.823
2.933
3.837
4.681
5.481

13.0
13.4
17.0
20.1
22.7

4.40
4.55
5.70
6.66
7.47

4.32
4.47
5.66
6.69
7.57

2.93
3.03
3.80
4.44
4.98

2.14
2.14
2.10
2.07
2.04

1.25
1.25
1.22
1.19
1.17

5.39
5.59
7.19
8.61
9.90

3.33
3.45
4.41
5.27
6.03

10.7
11.1
14.2
16.9
19.3

5.50
5.71
7.39
8.91
10.3

6x4

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

5.22
5.43
7.08
8.65
10.1
12.9

11.5
11.9
15.6
19.0
22.3
28.4

3.157
3.281
4.303
5.263
6.179
7.878

15.8
16.4
20.9
24.8
28.3
33.9

8.46
8.76
11.1
13.1
14.9
17.7

5.27
5.46
6.96
8.27
9.43
11.3

4.23
4.38
5.56
6.57
7.46
8.87

2.24
2.23
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.08

1.64
1.63
1.61
1.58
1.55
1.50

6.36
6.60
8.53
10.3
11.9
14.6

4.82
5.00
6.45
7.75
8.94
11.0

17.6
18.2
23.6
28.4
32.8
40.3

7.45
7.74
10.1
12.2
14.2
17.8

7x5

0.313
0.375
0.500

0.291
0.349
0.465

10.60
12.50
16.00

23.30
27.40
35.20

6.427
7.575
9.738

43.0
49.5
60.6

25.5
29.2
35.6

12.3
14.1
17.3

10.2
11.7
14.2

2.59
2.56
2.49

1.99
1.96
1.91

15.0
17.5
21.9

11.9
13.8
17.3

52.1
60.6
75.8

18.3
21.4
27.2

8x4

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

6.33
6.58
8.62
10.6
12.5
16.0

13.90
14.50
19.00
23.30
27.40
35.20

3.825
3.977
5.235
6.427
7.575
9.738

31.9
33.1
42.5
51.0
58.7
71.7

10.9
11.3
14.4
17.2
19.6
23.6

7.98
8.27
10.6
12.8
14.7
17.9

5.46
5.65
7.21
8.58
9.79
11.8

2.89
2.88
2.85
2.82
2.78
2.71

1.69
1.69
1.66
1.63
1.61
1.56

9.85
10.2
13.3
16.1
18.8
23.5

6.10
6.33
8.20
9.91
11.5
14.3

26.2
27.2
35.3
42.6
49.3
61.1

10.0
10.4
13.6
16.5
19.3
24.4

8x6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

7.44
7.74
10.2
12.5
14.8
19.1

16.40
17.00
22.40
27.50
32.50
42.00

4.493
4.673
6.167
7.591
8.971
11.60

42.2
43.7
56.6
68.3
79.1
98.2

27.2
28.2
36.4
43.8
50.6
62.5

10.5
10.9
14.1
17.1
19.8
24.5

9.05
9.39
12.1
14.6
16.9
20.8

3.06
3.06
3.03
3.00
2.97
2.91

2.46
2.46
2.43
2.40
2.38
2.32

12.5
13.0
16.9
20.6
24.1
30.5

10.3
10.7
13.9
16.9
19.8
24.9

51.7
53.7
70.3
85.8
100
127

15.2
15.8
20.8
25.5
30.0
38.4

Table 6(d) Dimensions and Properties (RECTANGULAR)

Nominal
Size
in.
10 x 4

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design*
in.
in.
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349
0.500
0.465

Nominal Wt.

Area

Ix

Iy

Sx

Sy

rx

ry

Zx

Zy

kg/ft
12.5
14.8
19.1

lb/ft
27.5
32.5
42.0

in.2
7.591
8.971
11.60

in.4
90.1
104
129

in.4
21.2
24.3
29.4

in.3
18.0
20.8
25.8

in.3
10.6
12.1
14.7

in.
3.44
3.41
3.34

in.
1.67
1.64
1.59

in.3
23.1
27.0
34.1

in.3
12.1
14.0
17.6

Torsion
J
C
in.4
in.3
57.3 20.9
66.5 24.4
82.6 31.0

10 x 6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

8.55
8.90
11.7
14.4
17.1
22.1

18.8
19.6
25.8
31.8
37.6
48.8

5.161
5.369
7.099
8.755
10.37
13.46

71.8
74.6
96.9
118
137
171

32.8
34.1
44.1
53.3
61.8
76.8

14.4
14.9
19.4
23.5
27.3
34.3

10.9
11.4
14.7
17.8
20.6
25.6

3.73
3.73
3.69
3.66
3.63
3.57

2.52
2.52
2.49
2.47
2.44
2.39

17.3
18.0
23.6
28.8
33.8
43.0

12.2
12.7
16.6
20.2
23.7
30.1

71.0
73.8
96.7
118
139
176

19.1
19.9
26.2
32.2
37.9
48.7

12 x 4

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

11.7
14.4
17.1
22.1

25.8
31.8
37.6
48.8

7.099
8.755
10.37
13.46

119
144
168
209

21.0
25.2
28.9
35.3

19.9
24.0
28.0
34.9

10.5
12.6
14.5
17.6

4.10
4.06
4.02
3.95

1.72
1.70
1.67
1.62

25.6
31.3
36.7
46.7

11.7
14.2
16.6
20.9

59.8
72.4
84.1
105

20.6
25.2
29.5
37.5

10 x 8

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

19.4
25.2

42.7
55.5

11.76
15.32

169
214

120
151

33.9
42.7

30.0
37.8

3.79
3.73

3.19
3.14

40.5
51.9

34.8
44.5

224
288

51.4
66.4

12 x 6

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

19.4
25.2

42.7
55.5

11.76
15.32

215
271

72.9
91.1

35.8
45.2

24.3
30.4

4.28
4.21

2.49
2.44

44.8
57.4

27.7
35.2

178
227

45.8
59.0

12 x 8

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

14.8
18.3
21.7
28.3

32.6
40.3
47.8
62.3

8.963
11.08
13.16
17.18

184
224
262
333

98.8
120
140
177

30.6
37.4
43.7
55.5

24.7
30.1
35.1
44.4

4.53
4.50
4.47
4.40

3.32
3.29
3.27
3.21

36.6
44.9
53.0
68.1

27.8
34.1
40.1
51.5

202
248
293
377

42.5
52.4
62.1
80.4

14 x 6

0.313
0.375
0.500

0.291
0.349
0.465

18.3
21.7
28.3

40.3
47.8
62.3

11.08
13.16
17.18

271
317
402

72.3
84.1
105

38.7
45.3
57.4

24.1
28.0
35.1

4.94
4.91
4.84

2.55
2.53
2.48

48.6
57.3
73.6

26.9
31.6
40.4

186
219
279

45.5
53.7
69.3

14 x 10

0.375
0.500
0.625

0.349
0.465
0.581

26.3
34.5
42.3

58.0
75.9
93.2

15.95
20.90
25.67

447
573
687

267
341
407

63.9
81.8
98.2

53.4
68.1
81.5

5.29
5.23
5.17

4.09
4.04
3.98

76.3
98.8
120

60.7
78.5
95.1

528
685
832

91.8
120
146

16 x 8

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581

17.9
22.1
26.3
34.5
42.3

39.4
48.8
58.0
75.9
93.2

10.83
13.41
15.95
20.90
25.67

368
451
531
679
815

127
155
181
230
274

46.1
56.4
66.3
84.9
102

31.7
38.7
45.3
57.6
68.5

5.83
5.80
5.77
5.70
5.63

3.42
3.40
3.37
3.32
3.27

56.4
69.4
82.1
106
129

35.0
43.0
50.8
65.5
79.2

300
369
436
563
681

57.0
70.4
83.4
108
132

16 x 12

0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

31.0
40.6
50.0
59.1

68.2
89.5
110
130

18.74
24.62
30.32
35.88

702
904
1090
1270

452
581
700
810

87.7
113
136
158

75.3
96.8
117
135

6.12
6.06
6.00
5.94

4.91
4.86
4.80
4.75

104
135
165
193

85.5
111
135
158

862
1120
1370
1610

127
166
204
240

20 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

46.8
57.7
68.3

103
127
150

28.34
34.96
41.47

1550
1880
2190

705
851
988

155
188
219

117
142
165

7.39
7.33
7.26

4.99
4.93
4.88

188
230
270

132
162
190

1540
1890
2220

209
257
303

24 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

53.0
65.4
77.6

117
144
171

32.06
39.61
47.05

2420
2940
3440

829
1000
1170

202
245
287

138
167
194

8.69
8.62
8.55

5.08
5.03
4.98

248
304
359

154
188
221

1980
2430
2850

252
310
366

Sect.3 Design of Members

3-1. Tension
The design tensile strength, F t Pn , and the allowable

(ii) 4. 71 E Fy < KL r

tensile strength, Pn W t , of tension members, shall be

F c = resistance factor for compression

the lower value obtained according to the limit states

of tensile yielding in the gross section and tensile
rupture in the net section:

W c = safety factor for compression

Fcr = 0. 877Fe

= effective length factor determined in

accordance with Table7
L = length of member, in.
r = governing radius of gyration, in.
E = modulus of elasticity of steel = 29,000ksi
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress determined
according to Equation (5), section3-2(b), as
applicable, ksi

(1)

F t = 0.90 (LRFD)

W t = 1.67 (ASD)

(b) For tensile repture in the net section:

Pn = Fu A e

(2)

F t = 0.75 (LRFD)

W t = 2.00 (ASD)

Fe =

where
Pn = nominal axial strength, kips
F t = resistance factor for tension
W t = safety factor for tension

(b)torsional and flexural-torsional buckling of members

without slender elements
The nominal compressive strength, Pn , shall be

LRFD = design for strength using Load and

Resistance Factor Design
ASD = design for strength using Allowable Strength
Design
Fu = specified minimum tensile strength of HSS ,ksi
A e = effective net area, in.2

determined based on the limit states of torsional

and flexural-torsional buckling.
Pn = Fcr A g
(6)
F c = 0.90 (LRFD)

Fcr shall be determined according to Equation (4-1)

or (4-2), using the torsional or flexural-torsional

elastic buckling stress, Fe , determined as follows:

allowable compressive strength, Pn W c , are determined

(i) For doubly symmetric members:

as follows: The nominal compressive strength, Pn , shall

p 2 EC w

1
Fe =
+ GJ
2
I
+
Iy
(
K
L
)
x
z

be lowest value obtained according to the limit states

of flexural buckling, torsional buckling and
flexural-torsional buckling.

Fe = (

determined based on the limit state of flexural

buckling.
Pn = Fcr A g
(3)

Fcr

1 -

4Fey Fez H
( Fey + Fez) 2

(7-2)

W c = 1.67 (ASD)

K z = effective length factor for torsional

G = shear modulus of elasticity of steel = 11,200

ksi
J = torsional constant, in.4
I x, I y = moment of inertia about the principal axes,

follows:

Fy

Fey + Fez
) 1 2H

Cw = warping constant, in.6

where
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr , is determined as

(7-1)

(ii) For singly symmetric members where y is the

axis of symmetry:

(a) flexural buckling of members without slender

elements
The nominal compressive strength, Pn , shall be

W c = 1.67 (ASD)

where

3-2. Compression
The design compressive strength, F c Pn , and the

= 0. 658 F

(5)

are listed in Table.9.

A g = gross area of member, in.2

(i) KL r 4. 71 E Fy

p 2E
( KL r) 2

Calculated values of Fcr for Fy = 46 ksi and 50 ksi

Fy = specified minimum yield stress of HSS, ksi

F c = 0.90 (LRFD)

(4-2)

(a) For tensile yielding in the gross section:

Pn = Fy A g

(or Fe < 0. 44Fy )

(or 0. 44Fy Fe )

in.4
Fey =

(4-1)

p 2E
(K y L ry )2

(8)

 p 2 EC w

1
Fez =
+ GJ
(K L ) 2
A r 02
g
z

r 02 = x 02 + y02 +

value obtained according to the limit states of yielding

(plastic moment), flange local buckling and web local
buckling under pure flexure.

(9)

Ix + Iy

(10)

Ag

(a)Yielding
M n = Mp = Fy Z x
F b = 0.90 (LRFD)

x 0, y 0 = coordinates of shear center with respect to

the centroid, in.

W b = 1.67 (ASD)

where

(c)members with slender elements

The nominal compressive strength, Pn , shall be

Mn = nominal flexural strength, kip-in.

Mp = plastic bending moment, kip-in.

determined based on the limit state of flexural,

torsional and flexural-torsional buckling.
Pn = Fcr A g
F c = 0.90 (LRFD)

(15)

F b = resistance factor for flexure

W b = safety factor for flexure

(11)

Z x = plastic section modulus about the axis of

W c = 1.67 (ASD)

bending
(b)Flange Local Buckling

where
The flexural buckling stress, Fcr , is determined as

(i)For compact sections, the limit state of flange

local buckling does not apply.

follows:
(i) KL r 4. 71 E QFy

(or 0. 44QFy Fe )

QFy

Fcr = Q 0.658 Fe Fy

(ii)For sections with noncompact flanges

Mn = Mp - ( M p - Fy S)( 3. 57

(12-1)

b
t

Fy
E

- 4. 0) Mp

(16)
(iii)For sections with slender flanges

(ii) 4. 71 E QFy < KL r

Mn = FySeff

(or Fe < 0. 44QFy )

Fcr = 0. 877Fe

(12-2)

(17)

where
S = elastic section modulus about the principal axes,
in.3
Seff is the effective section modulus determined

where
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress, calculated using
Equations (5) and (7-1) for doubly symmetric
members, Equations (5) and (7-2) for singly
symmetric members.
The reduction factor, Q , for slender stiffened
elements is defined:
Q = A eff A
(13)

with the effective width of the compression

flange according to Equation (14)
(c)Web Local Buckling
(i)For compact sections, the limit state of web local
buckling does not apply.

where
A = total cross-sectional area of member, in.2
A eff = summation of the effective areas of the cross

(ii)For sections with noncompact webs

section based on the reduced effective width,

b e , in.2

be

0. 38
E
1 = 1. 92t
Fy
bt

E
b
Fy

Mn = Mp - ( Mp - FyS)( 0. 305

h
tw

Fy

- 0. 738) Mp

(18)

(14)

3-4. Shear
The design shear strength, F v Vn , and the allowable
shear strength, Vn W v , shall be determined as follows.

3-3. Flexure
The design flexural strength, FbMn , and the allowable

The nominal shear strength, Vn , of unstiffened or

stiffened webs, according to the limit states of shear
yielding and shear buckling, is
Vn = 0. 6Fy A w C v
(19)

flexural strength, Mn Wb , shall be determined as

follows:
The nominal flexural strength, Mn , shall be the lowest

F v = 0.90 (LRFD)

W v = 1.67 (ASD)

where
Vn = nominal shear strength, kips
F v = resistance factor for shear
W v = safety factor for shear
For the box type section (square or rectangular), the
gross section A w is expressed by the formula.
A w = 2ht
(20)
h = the width resisting the shear force shall be
taken as the clear distance between the flanges
less the inside corner radius on each side. If
the corner radius is not known, h shall be
taken as the corresponding outside dimension
minus three times the thickness.

The web shear coefficient, C v , is determined as

follows:
(i) For h t w 1. 10 k v E Fy
C v = 1. 0

(21-1)

(ii) For 1. 10 k vE Fy < h t w 1. 37 k vE Fy

Cv =

1. 10 k v E Fy

(21-2)

h tw

(iii) For 1. 37 k v E Fy < h t w

Cv =
tw

1. 51Ek v
( h t w) 2 Fy

(21-3)

= t

kv = 5

Table 7 Approximate Values of Effective Length Factor, K

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

0.65

0.80

1.2

1.0

2.10

2.0

Buckled shape of column is

shown by dashed line

Theoretical K value
Recommended design value when
ideal conditions are approximated

Rotation fixed and translation fixed

Rotation free and translation fixed

End condition code

Rotation fixed and translation free

Rotation free and translation free

Table 8 Limiting Width-Thickness Rations for Compression Elements

Description of
Element

Width-Thickness
Ratio

Uniform compression in flanges

of HSS of unifoform
thickness subject to bending or
compression

bt

Flexure in webs of rectangular

HSS

ht

Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios

lp

lr

(compact)

(noncompact)

1. 12 E Fy

1. 40 E Fy

Example
t
b

2. 42 E Fy

5. 70 E Fy
t
h

Table 9 Fcr-KL/r Relations

Fy = 46 ksi
KL/r
0
10
20
30
40

0
45.69
44.78
43.30
41.31

1
46.00
45.63
44.66
43.12
41.08

2
45.99
45.56
44.53
42.94
40.85

3
45.97
45.48
44.39
42.75
40.62

4
45.95
45.40
44.25
42.56
40.38

5
45.92
45.31
44.11
42.36
40.14

6
45.89
45.21
43.96
42.16
39.90

7
45.85
45.11
43.80
41.95
39.65

8
45.80
45.01
43.64
41.74
39.40

9
45.75
44.90
43.47
41.53
39.14

50
60
70
80
90

38.88
36.11
33.08
29.91
26.68

38.62
35.81
32.77
29.59
26.35

38.35
35.52
32.46
29.26
26.03

38.08
35.22
32.14
28.94
25.71

37.81
34.92
31.83
28.62
25.39

37.53
34.62
31.51
28.29
25.07

37.25
34.32
31.19
27.97
24.75

36.97
34.01
30.87
27.65
24.43

36.68
33.70
30.55
27.32
24.11

36.40
33.39
30.23
27.00
23.79

100
110
120
130
140

23.48
20.38
17.43
14.85
12.81

23.16
20.08
17.14
14.63
12.63

22.85
19.78
16.86
14.41
12.45

22.53
19.49
16.59
14.19
12.28

22.22
19.19
16.33
13.98
12.11

21.91
18.90
16.06
13.77
11.94

21.60
18.61
15.81
13.57
11.78

21.30
18.32
15.56
13.37
11.62

20.99
18.03
15.32
13.18
11.46

20.69
17.73
15.08
12.99
11.31

150
160
170
180
190

11.16
9.805
8.686
7.747
6.953

11.01
9.684
8.584
7.662
6.881

10.86
9.565
8.485
7.578
6.809

10.72
9.448
8.387
7.495
6.739

10.58
9.333
8.291
7.414
6.670

10.45
9.220
8.196
7.334
6.601

10.31
9.109
8.103
7.256
6.534

10.18
9.000
8.012
7.178
6.468

10.06
8.894
7.922
7.102
6.403

9.929
8.789
7.834
7.027
6.339

200

6.275

Fy = 50 ksi
KL/r
0
10
20
30
40

0
49.64
48.56
46.82
44.48

1
50.00
49.56
48.41
46.61
44.22

2
49.99
49.48
48.26
46.39
43.95

3
49.97
49.39
48.10
46.17
43.68

4
49.94
49.29
47.94
45.95
43.40

5
49.91
49.18
47.77
45.72
43.12

6
49.87
49.07
47.59
45.48
42.83

7
49.82
48.95
47.40
45.24
42.54

8
49.77
48.83
47.21
44.99
42.25

9
49.70
48.70
47.02
44.74
41.95

50
60
70
80
90

41.65
38.43
34.94
31.31
27.65

41.34
38.09
34.59
30.95
27.29

41.03
37.75
34.23
30.58
26.93

40.72
37.41
33.86
30.21
26.57

40.40
37.06
33.50
29.85
26.21

40.08
36.71
33.14
29.48
25.85

39.75
36.36
32.78
29.11
25.49

39.43
36.01
32.41
28.75
25.13

39.10
35.66
32.05
28.38
24.77

38.76
35.30
31.68
28.02
24.42

100
110
120
130
140

24.07
20.64
17.43
14.85
12.81

23.72
20.31
17.14
14.63
12.63

23.37
19.98
16.86
14.41
12.45

23.02
19.66
16.59
14.19
12.28

22.67
19.31
16.33
13.98
12.11

22.33
18.98
16.06
13.77
11.94

21.99
18.65
15.81
13.57
11.78

21.65
18.34
15.56
13.37
11.62

21.31
18.03
15.32
13.18
11.46

20.97
17.73
15.08
12.99
11.31

150
160
170
180
190

11.16
9.805
8.686
7.747
6.953

11.01
9.684
8.584
7.662
6.881

10.86
9.565
8.485
7.578
6.809

10.72
9.448
8.387
7.495
6.739

10.58
9.333
8.291
7.414
6.670

10.45
9.220
8.196
7.334
6.601

10.31
9.109
8.103
7.256
6.534

10.18
9.000
8.012
7.178
6.468

10.06
8.894
7.922
7.102
6.403

9.929
8.789
7.834
7.027
6.339

200

6.275

10

Sect.4 Column
Sect.3-2, the available strength in axial compression for
square and rectangular HSS are calculated and given in
Table 10(a) to Table 10(ap). In these Table the vertical
values show the effective column length Kl in feet and the
horizontal show the available strength in axial
compression . They are applicable to main members with
respect to their weak axis (Y-Y axis in Fig.1), and with

Kl/r ratios below 200. The available strength repairing the

strong axis of secondary members may be referred to
page. 4-5 of the AISC Steel Construction Manual
Thirteenth edition.
When the members are subjected to axially loading and
bending moment combined, the available strength may be
referred to chapter H of the AISC Specification.

Table 10(a) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi
Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective Length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

2x2
0.188
0.180
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
46.8 31.1 48.5 32.2 61.1 40.7
44.4 29.5 45.9 30.5 57.6 38.3
40.6 27.0 41.9 27.9 52.3 34.7
35.8 23.8 36.9 24.6 45.5 30.3
30.5 20.3 31.4 20.9 38.2 25.4

2.5 x 2.5
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
60.8 40.5 63.0 41.9 80.7 53.7
58.9 39.1 61.0 40.6 77.9 51.8
55.7 37.1 57.7 38.4 73.4 48.8
51.6 34.3 53.4 35.5 67.6 45.0
46.8 31.1 48.4 32.2 60.8 40.5

3x3
0.180
0.188
0.174
0.167
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
74.8 49.7 77.6 51.6
73.1 48.6 75.9 50.5
70.5 46.9 73.1 48.6
66.9 44.5 69.4 46.1
62.6 41.6 64.9 43.2

6
7
8
9
10

25.0
19.8
15.3
12.0
9.79

16.6
13.2
10.1
8.04
6.51

25.7
20.3
15.6
12.3
10.0

17.1
13.5
10.4
8.24
6.67

30.8
23.8
18.2
14.4
11.6

20.4
15.8
12.1
9.59
7.77

41.4
35.9
30.5
25.3
20.6

27.6
23.9
20.3
16.8
13.7

42.8
37.1
31.4
26.0
21.2

28.5
24.7
20.9
17.3
14.1

53.5
45.9
38.5
31.4
25.5

35.5
30.5
25.6
20.9
16.9

57.7
52.4
46.9
41.4
35.9

38.4
34.9
31.2
27.5
23.9

59.8
54.3
48.5
42.8
37.1

39.8
36.1
32.3
28.4
24.7

11
12
13
14
15

8.09
6.80

5.38
4.52

8.29
6.97

5.52
4.63

9.65

6.42

17.0
14.3
12.2
10.5
9.16

11.3
9.52
8.11
7.00
6.09

17.5
14.7
12.5
10.8
9.43

11.6
9.80
8.35
7.20
6.27

21.0
17.7
15.0
13.0
11.3

14.0
11.7
10.0
8.66
7.54

30.8
25.9
22.1
19.0
16.6

20.5
17.2
14.7
12.7
11.0

31.7
26.8
22.8
19.6
17.1

21.1
17.8
15.1
13.1
11.4

14.6
12.9
11.5
10.3

9.72
8.61
7.68
6.89

15.0
13.3
11.9
10.6

10.0
8.88
7.92
7.11

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Nominal Size

: in

Wall Thickness(T)
Note)

: in

Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

11

Y
Y

Y
Y

Fig.1 The section of HSS

Table 10(b) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
100 66.6
97.8 65.1
94.1 62.6
89.0 59.2
83.0 55.2

3x3
0.313
0.375
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
120 80.1 139 92.4
117 78.2 135 90.1
112 75.0 129 86.2
106 70.8 121 81.1
98.8 65.7 112 75.0

3.5 x 3.5
0.188
0.180
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
88.7 59.0 92.1 61.2 119 79.5
87.3 58.0 90.6 60.3 117 78.2
85.0 56.5 88.2 58.7 114 76.0
81.9 54.5 85.0 56.5 109 73.1
78.0 51.9 81.0 53.9 104 69.5

4x4
0.180
0.188
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
102 68.2 106 70.9
101 67.4 105 70.0
99.3 66.1 103 68.6
96.6 64.2 100 66.7
93.1 62.0 96.7 64.3

6
7
8
9
10

76.1
68.8
61.1
53.5
46.1

50.6
45.7
40.7
35.6
30.7

90.3
81.1
71.6
62.3
53.2

60.0
53.9
47.6
41.4
35.4

102
91.5
80.3
69.2
58.7

68.1
60.8
53.4
46.0
39.0

73.6
68.7
63.4
57.9
52.3

48.9
45.7
42.2
38.5
34.8

76.3
71.2
65.7
60.0
54.2

50.8
47.4
43.7
39.9
36.0

98.3
91.4
84.1
76.4
68.7

65.4
60.8
55.9
50.8
45.7

89.1
84.6
79.6
74.4
68.9

59.3
56.3
53.0
49.5
45.8

92.5
87.8
82.6
77.1
71.4

61.5
58.4
55.0
51.3
47.5

11
12
13
14
15

39.1
32.8
28.0
24.1
21.0

26.0
21.8
18.6
16.0
14.0

44.6
37.5
32.0
27.5
24.0

29.7
24.9
21.2
18.3
15.9

48.8
41.0
34.9
30.1
26.2

32.5
27.3
23.2
20.0
17.4

46.8
41.4
36.2
31.3
27.3

31.1
27.5
24.1
20.8
18.1

48.4
42.8
37.4
32.4
28.2

32.2
28.5
24.9
21.5
18.7

61.1
53.8
46.7
40.3
35.1

40.7
35.7
31.1
26.8
23.3

63.3
57.7
52.2
46.8
41.7

42.1
38.4
34.7
31.2
27.7

65.6
59.8
54.1
48.5
43.1

43.7
39.8
36.0
32.2
28.7

16
17
18
19
20

18.4
16.3
14.6

12.3
10.9
9.72

21.1
18.7
16.6

14.0
12.4
11.1

23.0
20.4

15.3
13.6

24.0
21.2
18.9
17.0
15.3

15.9
14.1
12.6
11.3
10.2

24.8
21.9
19.6
17.6
15.8

16.5
14.6
13.0
11.7
10.5

30.8
27.3
24.3
21.8
19.7

20.5
18.1
16.2
14.5
13.1

36.7
32.5
29.0
26.0
23.5

24.4
21.6
19.3
17.3
15.6

38.0
33.7
30.0
26.9
24.3

25.3
22.4
20.0
17.9
16.2

13.9
12.7

9.27
8.45

14.4
13.1

9.58
8.73

17.9

11.9

21.3
19.4
17.8
16.3
15.0

14.2
12.9
11.8
10.8
10.0

22.0
20.1
18.4
16.9
15.5

14.6
13.3
12.2
11.2
10.3

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

12

Table 10(c) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

4x4
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.233
0.349
0.291
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
138 92.4 168
112
197
131
247
164
137 91.3 166
110
194
129
244
162
134 89.4 163
108
190
126
238
158
130 86.8 158
105
184
122
230
153
125 83.6 152
101
176
117
220
146

4.5 x 4.5
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
116 77.5 121 80.5 158
105
193
128
115 76.7 119 79.7 156
104
191
127
113 75.5 118 78.5 154
102
188
125
111 73.9 115 76.8 150
100
183
122
108 71.8 112 74.6 146 97.4 178
118

6
7
8
9
10

120
113
106
99.4
91.8

79.8
75.6
71.0
66.1
61.0

145
137
128
119
109

96.5
91.2
85.4
79.4
73.1

168
158
148
137
126

111
105
98.6
91.3
83.8

208
196
182
167
152

138
130
121
111
101

104
100
95.6
90.6
85.3

69.4
66.6
63.6
60.3
56.8

108
104
99.2
94.0
88.6

72.1
69.2
66.0
62.6
58.9

141
135
128
122
114

94.0
90.1
85.8
81.2
76.3

171
164
156
147
138

114
109
103
98.2
92.1

11
12
13
14
15

84.0
76.3
68.7
61.4
54.3

55.9
50.8
45.7
40.8
36.1

100
90.7
81.4
72.3
63.7

66.7
60.3
54.1
48.1
42.3

114
103
92.2
81.6
71.5

76.2
68.7
61.4
54.3
47.5

137
123
108
95.2
83.0

91.6
81.8
72.4
63.4
55.2

79.9
74.3
68.7
63.1
57.6

53.1
49.4
45.7
42.0
38.3

82.9
77.1
71.3
65.5
59.7

55.1
51.3
47.4
43.5
39.7

107
99.4
91.6
83.9
76.3

71.2
66.1
60.9
55.8
50.8

129
119
109
100
90.9

85.8
79.4
73.0
66.7
60.5

16
17
18
19
20

47.8
42.3
37.7
33.9
30.5

31.8
28.1
25.1
22.5
20.3

55.9
49.5
44.2
39.7
35.8

37.2
32.9
29.4
26.4
23.8

62.8
55.6
49.6
44.5
40.2

41.8
37.0
33.0
29.6
26.7

72.9
64.6
57.6
51.7
46.6

48.5
42.9
38.3
34.4
31.0

52.3
47.2
42.2
37.8
34.1

34.8
31.4
28.0
25.2
22.7

54.2
48.8
43.6
39.2
35.3

36.0
32.5
29.0
26.0
23.5

69.0
62.0
55.3
49.6
44.8

45.9
41.2
36.8
33.0
29.8

81.9
73.2
65.2
58.6
52.8

54.5
48.7
43.4
38.9
35.1

21
22
23
24
25

27.7
25.2
23.1
21.2
19.5

18.4
16.8
15.3
14.1
13.0

32.5
29.6
27.0
24.8

21.6
19.7
18.0
16.5

36.4
33.2
30.4
27.9

24.2
22.1
20.2
18.5

42.3
38.5
35.3

28.1
25.6
23.4

31.0
28.2
25.8
23.7
21.8

20.6
18.7
17.2
15.7
14.5

32.0
29.2
26.7
24.5
22.6

21.3
19.4
17.8
16.3
15.0

40.6
37.0
33.8
31.1
28.6

27.0
24.6
22.5
20.7
19.0

47.9
43.7
39.9
36.7
33.8

31.9
29.0
26.6
24.4
22.5

20.2
18.7
17.4
16.2

13.4
12.4
11.6
10.8

20.9
19.4
18.0
16.8

13.9
12.9
12.0
11.1

26.5
24.5
22.8

17.6
16.3
15.2

31.2
29.0
26.9

20.8
19.3
17.9

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

13

Table 10(d) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

5x5
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
130 86.7 135 90.1 177
118
217
144
255
169
325
216
129 86.0 134 89.4 176
117
215
143
253
168
322
214
127 85.0 132 88.3 174
115
212
141
249
166
317
211
125 83.5 130 86.7 170
113
208
138
244
162
311
207
122 81.6 127 84.8 166
111
203
135
238
158
303
201

6x6
0.180
0.188
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
158
105
164
109
157
104
163
108
155
103
162
107
154
102
160
106
151
100
157
104

6
7
8
9
10

119
115
111
106
101

79.4
76.8
74.0
70.9
67.5

124
120
115
110
105

82.5
79.8
76.8
73.6
70.1

162
156
150
144
137

107
104
100
96.0
91.3

197
191
183
175
166

131
127
122
116
110

231
223
214
204
194

154
148
142
136
129

293
282
270
257
243

195
187
179
171
161

148
145
141
137
133

99.0
96.8
94.3
91.6
88.6

154
151
147
143
138

102
100
98.0
95.2
92.1

11
12
13
14
15

96.3
90.9
85.3
79.7
74.1

64.1
60.5
56.8
53.0
49.3

100
94.4
88.6
82.7
76.9

66.5
62.8
58.9
55.0
51.1

130
122
114
106
99.2

86.5
81.4
76.3
71.1
66.0

157
148
138
128
119

104
98.5
92.1
85.7
79.3

183
171
160
148
137

121
114
106
99.0
91.4

228
213
198
183
168

152
142
132
122
112

128
123
118
112
107

85.5
82.1
78.7
75.1
71.4

133
128
122
117
111

88.8
85.3
81.7
78.0
74.2

16
17
18
19
20

68.6
63.1
57.8
52.6
47.6

45.6
42.0
38.4
35.0
31.6

71.1
65.4
59.9
54.5
49.3

47.3
43.5
39.8
36.3
32.8

91.5
84.0
76.6
69.6
62.8

60.9
55.8
51.0
46.3
41.8

109
100
91.4
82.7
74.6

73.0
66.8
60.8
55.0
49.6

126
115
104
94.2
85.0

83.9
76.6
69.5
62.7
56.5

153
139
125
112
101

102
92.8
83.7
75.1
67.8

101
96.1
90.5
84.9
79.4

67.7
63.9
60.2
56.5
52.8

105
99.8
94.0
88.1
82.4

70.3
66.4
62.5
58.6
54.8

21
22
23
24
25

43.2
39.3
36.0
33.0
30.4

28.7
26.1
23.9
22.0
20.2

44.7
40.7
37.3
34.2
31.5

29.7
27.1
24.8
22.7
21.0

57.0
51.9
47.5
43.6
40.2

37.9
34.5
31.6
29.0
26.7

67.7
61.6
56.4
51.8
47.7

45.0
41.0
37.5
34.4
31.7

77.1
70.2
64.3
59.0
54.4

51.3
46.7
42.7
39.2
36.2

92.4
84.2
77.0
70.7
65.2

61.5
56.0
51.2
47.0
43.4

74.0
68.7
63.5
58.5
53.9

49.2
45.7
42.3
38.9
35.8

76.7
71.2
65.9
60.6
55.9

51.0
47.4
43.8
40.3
37.1

26
27
28
29
30

28.1
26.1
24.3
22.6
21.1

18.7
17.3
16.1
15.0
14.0

29.1
27.0
25.1
23.4
21.9

19.4
18.0
16.7
15.6
14.5

37.1
34.4
32.0
29.8
27.9

24.7
22.9
21.3
19.8
18.5

44.1
40.9
38.0
35.5
33.1

29.3
27.2
25.3
23.6
22.0

50.3
46.6
43.3
40.4
37.8

33.4
31.0
28.8
26.9
25.1

60.3
55.9
52.0
48.4
45.2

40.1
37.2
34.5
32.2
30.1

49.8
46.2
42.9
40.0
37.4

33.1
30.7
28.5
26.6
24.9

51.6
47.9
44.5
41.5
38.8

34.3
31.8
29.6
27.6
25.8

31
32
33
34
35

19.8
18.6

13.1
12.3

20.5
19.2

13.6
12.8

26.1
24.5

17.4
16.3

31.0

20.6

35.4

23.5

35.0
32.9
30.9
29.1
27.5

23.3
21.8
20.5
19.3
18.3

36.3
34.1
32.0
30.2
28.5

24.1
22.7
21.3
20.1
18.9

26.0
24.6
23.3
22.1

17.3
16.3
15.5
14.7

26.9
25.5
24.1
22.9

17.9
16.9
16.1
15.2

36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

14

Table 10(e) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

6x6
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.313
0.349
0.465
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
216
143
265
176
313
208
402
267
215
143
264
175
311
207
400
266
213
141
261
174
308
205
396
263
210
140
258
171
304
202
390
259
207
137
254
169
299
199
383
255

7x7
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
177
118
189
126
254
169
313
208
176
117
189
125
254
169
312
208
175
117
188
125
252
167
310
206
174
116
186
124
250
166
307
204
172
114
184
122
247
164
304
202

6
7
8
9
10

203
198
193
187
181

135
132
128
124
120

249
243
236
229
221

165
161
157
152
147

293
286
278
269
260

195
190
185
179
173

375
366
355
344
331

250
243
236
228
220

170
167
164
161
157

113
111
109
107
104

181
178
175
172
168

120
119
116
114
111

243
239
235
230
224

162
159
156
153
149

299
294
288
282
275

199
196
192
188
183

11
12
13
14
15

174
167
160
153
145

116
111
106
101
96.7

213
204
195
186
176

142
136
130
124
117

250
239
229
217
206

166
159
152
144
137

318
304
289
274
259

211
202
192
182
172

153
149
145
140
135

102
99.5
96.5
93.4
90.3

163
159
154
149
143

108
105
102
99.2
95.7

218
212
205
198
191

145
141
136
132
127

268
260
251
243
234

178
173
167
161
155

16
17
18
19
20

137
129
122
114
106

91.6
86.4
81.2
76.0
70.9

167
157
147
138
128

111
104
98.3
91.9
85.6

194
183
171
160
149

129
121
114
106
99.1

244
229
213
198
184

162
152
142
132
122

130
125
120
115
110

87.0
83.6
80.1
76.7
73.2

138
133
127
121
115

92.1
88.4
84.7
80.9
77.1

183
176
168
160
152

122
117
112
106
101

224
215
205
195
186

149
143
136
130
123

21
22
23
24
25

99.2
91.9
84.8
77.9
71.8

66.0
61.1
56.4
51.8
47.7

119
110
101
93.4
86.1

79.5
73.5
67.6
62.1
57.2

138
127
116
107
99.0

91.8
84.8
77.8
71.4
65.8

170
156
143
131
121

113
104
95.1
87.3
80.5

104
99.4
94.2
89.0
84.0

69.6
66.1
62.7
59.2
55.8

110
104
98.8
93.2
87.7

73.3
69.5
65.7
62.0
58.4

144
137
129
121
114

96.4
91.2
86.1
81.0
76.1

176
166
157
147
138

117
110
104
98.2
92.1

26
27
28
29
30

66.4
61.5
57.2
53.3
49.8

44.1
40.9
38.1
35.5
33.1

79.6
73.8
68.6
63.9
59.7

52.9
49.1
45.6
42.5
39.7

91.5
84.8
78.9
73.5
68.7

60.9
56.4
52.5
48.9
45.7

111
103
96.5
89.9
84.0

74.4
69.0
64.2
59.8
55.9

79.0
74.1
69.4
64.6
60.4

52.5
49.3
46.1
43.0
40.2

82.4
77.1
72.0
67.1
62.7

54.8
51.3
47.9
44.6
41.7

107
100
93.0
86.7
81.0

71.3
66.6
61.9
57.7
53.9

129
120
112
104
97.8

86.2
80.3
74.6
69.6
65.0

31
32
33
34
35

46.7
43.8
41.2
38.8
36.6

31.0
29.1
27.4
25.8
24.3

55.9
52.5
49.4
46.5
43.9

37.2
34.9
32.8
30.9
29.2

64.4
60.4
56.8
53.5
50.5

42.8
40.2
37.8
35.6
33.6

78.7
73.8
69.4
65.4
61.7

52.3
49.1
46.2
43.5
41.0

56.6
53.1
49.9
47.0
44.4

37.6
35.3
33.2
31.3
29.5

58.7
55.1
51.8
48.8
46.0

39.0
36.6
34.4
32.4
30.6

75.9
71.2
67.0
63.1
59.5

50.5
47.4
44.5
42.0
39.6

91.5
85.9
80.8
76.1
71.8

60.9
57.1
53.7
50.6
47.8

36
37
38
39
40

34.6
32.7
31.0

23.0
21.8
20.6

41.5
39.3
37.2

27.6
26.1
24.7

47.7
45.2
42.8

31.7
30.0
28.5

58.3
55.2

38.8
36.7

41.9
39.7
37.6
35.7
34.0

27.9
26.4
25.0
23.7
22.6

43.5
41.2
39.0
37.1
35.2

28.9
27.4
26.0
24.6
23.4

56.3
53.3
50.5
47.9
45.6

37.4
35.4
33.6
31.9
30.3

67.9
64.2
60.9
57.8
55.0

45.1
42.7
40.5
38.5
36.6

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

15

Table 10(f) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

7x7
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
370
246
479
319
369
245
477
317
366
244
474
315
363
241
469
312
359
238
463
308

8x8
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
185
123
198
132
293
195
362
240
428
285
556
370
184
122
198
131
292
194
361
240
427
284
554
369
184
122
197
131
291
193
359
239
425
282
551
367
182
121
196
130
289
192
356
237
422
280
547
364
181
120
194
129
286
190
353
235
418
278
542
361

6
7
8
9
10

353
347
340
333
324

235
231
226
221
216

456
448
439
428
417

303
298
292
285
277

179
178
175
173
170

119
118
116
115
113

192
190
188
185
182

128
126
125
123
121

283
280
276
271
266

188
186
183
180
177

349
345
340
334
328

232
229
226
222
218

413
408
402
395
388

275
271
267
263
258

536
529
521
511
501

357
352
346
340
333

11
12
13
14
15

315
306
296
285
274

210
203
197
190
182

405
392
379
365
350

269
261
252
243
233

167
164
161
157
153

111
109
107
104
102

179
175
172
168
164

119
116
114
111
109

261
255
249
242
236

173
169
165
161
157

321
314
306
298
290

213
209
203
198
192

379
371
361
352
342

252
246
240
234
227

490
479
466
453
440

326
318
310
301
292

16
17
18
19
20

263
252
240
229
217

175
167
160
152
144

335
320
305
290
274

223
213
203
193
182

149
145
141
137
133

99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4
88.5

159
155
150
146
141

106
103
100
97.1
93.9

229
221
214
206
199

152
147
142
137
132

281
272
262
253
243

187
181
174
168
162

331
320
309
298
286

220
213
205
198
190

426
411
396
381
366

283
273
264
254
243

21
22
23
24
25

205
194
182
171
160

136
129
121
114
107

259
244
229
214
200

172
162
152
142
133

128
124
119
115
110

85.6
82.6
79.6
76.5
73.5

136
131
126
121
116

90.7
87.4
84.1
80.8
77.5

191
183
175
167
159

127
122
116
111
106

234
224
214
204
195

155
149
142
136
129

275
263
251
240
228

183
175
167
159
152

351
335
320
304
289

233
223
213
202
192

26
27
28
29
30

150
139
129
121
113

100
92.9
86.4
80.6
75.3

186
173
161
150
140

124
115
107
99.8
93.3

105
101
96.8
92.4
88.0

70.4
67.4
64.4
61.4
58.5

111
106
101
96.8
92.0

74.2
70.9
67.6
64.4
61.2

152
144
137
129
122

101
96.1
91.1
86.2
81.4

185
176
166
157
148

123
117
110
104
98.8

217
205
194
183
173

144
136
129
122
115

274
259
245
231
217

182
172
163
153
144

31
32
33
34
35

106
99.5
93.5
88.1
83.1

70.5
66.2
62.2
58.6
55.3

131
123
115
109
103

87.4
82.0
77.1
72.6
68.5

83.6
79.4
75.2
71.1
67.1

55.6
52.8
50.0
47.3
44.6

87.4
82.8
78.3
73.8
69.6

58.1
55.1
52.1
49.1
46.3

115
108
101
95.8
90.4

76.7
72.0
67.7
63.8
60.2

139
131
123
116
109

92.9
87.2
82.0
77.3
72.9

162
152
143
135
127

108
101
95.4
89.9
84.8

203
190
179
169
159

135
127
119
112
106

36
37
38
39
40

78.6
74.4
70.5
66.9
63.6

52.3
49.5
46.9
44.5
42.3

97.4
92.2
87.4
83.0
78.9

64.8
61.3
58.1
55.2
52.5

63.4
60.0
56.9
54.0
51.3

42.2
39.9
37.8
35.9
34.1

65.8
62.3
59.1
56.1
53.3

43.8
41.4
39.3
37.3
35.4

85.5
80.9
76.7
72.8
69.2

56.9
53.8
51.0
48.4
46.0

103
98.1
93.0
88.3
83.9

68.9
65.2
61.8
58.7
55.8

120
114
108
102
97.6

80.1
75.9
71.9
68.3
64.9

150
142
135
128
122

100
95.0
90.0
85.5
81.2

16

Table 10(g) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

8x8
0.625
0.581
LRDF ASD
677
450
674
449
671
446
666
443
659
438

10 x 10
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.250
0.313
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.233
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
347
231
458
305
544
362
710
472
869
578 1020 680
347
230
457
304
543
361
709
471
867
577 1020 678
346
230
456
303
541
360
707
470
865
575 1010 676
344
229
454
302
539
358
703
468
860
572 1010 673
342
228
451
300
536
356
699
465
855
569 1000 669

12 x 12
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
366
244
366
243
365
243
365
242
363
242

6
7
8
9
10

651
642
632
620
608

433
427
420
412
404

340
338
335
332
328

226
225
223
220
218

448
445
440
436
431

298
296
293
290
286

532
528
523
517
511

354
351
348
344
340

694
688
682
674
666

462
458
453
448
443

849
842
833
824
813

565
560
554
548
541

998
989
979
967
955

664
658
651
643
635

362
360
359
356
354

241
240
238
237
235

11
12
13
14
15

594
579
564
547
530

395
385
375
364
353

324
320
315
310
305

215
213
209
206
203

425
419
413
406
398

283
279
274
270
265

504
497
489
481
472

335
330
325
320
314

657
647
637
626
614

437
430
423
416
408

802
790
777
763
748

533
525
517
507
498

941
926
910
893
876

626
616
605
594
582

352
349
346
343
339

234
232
230
228
225

16
17
18
19
20

513
495
476
457
438

341
329
317
304
292

300
294
288
282
276

199
195
192
188
183

391
383
374
366
357

260
254
249
243
237

463
453
443
433
423

308
301
295
288
281

602
589
576
562
548

400
392
383
374
364

733
717
700
683
665

487
477
466
454
442

857
838
818
797
776

570
557
544
530
516

335
332
328
323
319

223
220
218
215
212

21
22
23
24
25

419
400
381
362
343

279
266
253
241
228

269
263
256
249
242

179
175
170
166
161

348
339
330
320
310

231
225
219
213
206

412
401
390
378
367

274
266
259
251
244

533
519
504
489
473

355
345
335
325
315

647
629
610
591
572

430
418
406
393
381

754
732
710
687
664

502
487
472
457
442

315
310
305
300
295

209
206
203
200
196

26
27
28
29
30

325
307
289
271
254

216
204
192
180
169

235
228
221
214
207

156
152
147
142
137

301
291
281
271
261

200
193
187
180
174

355
343
332
320
308

236
228
220
213
205

458
442
427
411
396

304
294
284
273
263

553
534
514
495
476

368
355
342
329
316

641
618
595
572
549

427
411
396
381
365

290
285
279
274
268

193
189
186
182
178

31
32
33
34
35

238
223
210
198
186

158
148
139
131
124

200
192
185
178
171

133
128
123
118
114

252
242
232
223
213

167
161
154
148
142

296
285
273
262
251

197
189
182
174
167

380
365
350
335
320

253
243
233
223
213

457
438
419
401
383

304
291
279
267
254

527
504
482
460
439

350
335
321
306
292

263
257
251
246
240

175
171
167
163
159

36
37
38
39
40

176
167
158
150
143

117
111
105
100
95.2

164
158
151
144
138

109
105
100
96.4
92.1

204
195
186
177
169

136
130
124
118
112

240
229
218
208
197

159
152
145
138
131

306
292
278
263
250

203
194
185
175
166

365
348
330
313
298

243
231
219
208
198

418
397
376
357
340

278
264
250
238
226

234
228
222
216
211

155
152
148
144
140

17

Table 10(h) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

12 x 12
0.313
0.375
0.625
0.750
0.500
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
535
356
660
439
864
575 1060 706 1250 834
534
355
659
438
863
574 1060 705 1250 833
533
354
657
437
861
573 1050 704 1240 831
531
353
655
436
859
571 1050 701 1240 828
529
352
653
434
855
569 1050 699 1230 824

14 x 14
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.465
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
562
374
762
507 1010 677
561
373
761
506 1010 677
561
373
760
506 1010 676
559
372
758
504 1010 674
558
371
756
503 1010 672

6
7
8
9
10

527
524
521
517
513

350
349
346
344
341

650
646
642
637
632

432
430
427
424
420

851
846
841
834
827

566
563
559
555
550

1040
1030
1030
1020
1010

695
691
686
681
675

1230
1220
1210
1200
1190

820
815
810
803
796

556
555
552
550
547

370
369
367
366
364

754
751
747
743
739

501
499
497
494
491

1000
1000
998
993
987

670
667
664
660
656

11
12
13
14
15

509
504
499
493
487

338
335
332
328
324

626
620
613
606
599

416
412
408
403
398

820
811
802
793
783

545
540
534
527
521

1000
995
984
972
959

669
662
654
646
638

1180
1170
1150
1140
1120

788
780
771
761
751

544
541
537
533
529

362
359
357
354
352

734
729
723
717
711

488
485
481
477
473

980
973
965
957
948

652
647
642
636
630

16
17
18
19
20

481
475
468
461
454

320
316
311
306
302

591
582
574
564
555

393
387
381
375
369

772
761
749
737
724

513
506
498
490
482

946
932
917
902
886

629
620
610
600
589

1110
1090
1070
1060
1040

740
729
717
705
692

525
520
515
510
505

349
346
342
339
336

704
697
689
682
673

468
464
459
453
448

938
928
918
907
896

624
618
611
603
596

21
22
23
24
25

446
438
430
422
413

297
291
286
280
275

545
535
525
514
503

363
356
349
342
335

711
698
684
670
656

473
464
455
446
436

869
853
835
818
800

578
567
556
544
532

1020
1000
980
959
938

679
666
652
638
624

499
493
487
481
475

332
328
324
320
316

665
656
647
638
628

442
436
430
424
418

884
872
860
847
833

588
580
572
563
554

26
27
28
29
30

405
396
387
378
369

269
263
257
251
245

492
481
470
459
447

327
320
313
305
297

641
626
611
596
580

426
416
406
396
386

782
763
744
725
706

520
507
495
482
470

916
893
871
848
825

609
594
579
564
549

468
462
455
448
441

312
307
303
298
293

618
608
598
588
577

411
405
398
391
384

820
806
792
778
763

545
536
527
517
507

31
32
33
34
35

360
351
341
332
323

239
233
227
221
214

435
424
412
400
388

289
282
274
266
258

565
549
534
518
502

376
365
355
344
334

687
667
648
628
609

457
444
431
418
405

802
779
756
732
709

533
518
502
487
472

434
427
419
412
404

289
284
279
274
269

566
555
544
533
522

376
369
362
354
347

748
733
718
703
687

498
488
478
467
457

36
37
38
39
40

313
304
295
286
276

208
202
196
190
184

377
365
353
342
330

250
243
235
227
219

487
471
456
441
425

324
313
303
293
283

590
571
551
533
514

392
379
367
354
342

686
663
640
618
596

456
441
426
411
396

396
389
381
373
365

264
258
253
248
243

510
499
488
476
465

339
332
324
317
309

672
656
641
625
609

447
436
426
416
405

18

Table 10(i) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

16 x 16
0.750
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
582
387
797
530 1170 780 1440 962 1710 1140
581
387
797
530 1170 779 1440 962 1710 1140
581
386
796
529 1170 778 1440 960 1710 1130
580
386
795
529 1160 777 1440 959 1700 1130
579
385
793
527 1160 775 1430 957 1700 1130

1
2
3
4
5

14 x 14
0.625
0.750
0.875
0.581
0.698
0.814
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1250 834 1480 988 1700 1130
1250 833 1480 987 1700 1130
1250 832 1480 985 1700 1130
1240 830 1470 983 1690 1120
1240 828 1470 980 1690 1120

6
7
8
9
10

1240
1230
1220
1220
1210

825
821
817
813
808

1460
1460
1450
1440
1430

976
972
967
962
955

1680
1670
1660
1660
1640

1120
1110
1110
1100
1090

578
576
575
573
571

384
383
382
381
380

791
789
786
784
780

526
525
523
521
519

1160
1150
1150
1150
1140

773
771
768
765
761

1430
1430
1420
1410
1410

954
951
947
943
939

1700
1690
1680
1680
1670

1130
1120
1120
1110
1110

11
12
13
14
15

1200
1190
1180
1170
1160

802
796
790
783
775

1420
1410
1400
1390
1370

949
941
934
925
916

1630
1620
1610
1590
1580

1080
1080
1070
1060
1050

569
566
564
561
558

378
377
375
373
371

777
773
769
765
760

517
514
511
509
505

1130
1130
1120
1110
1110

757
753
749
744
738

1400
1390
1380
1370
1360

934
929
923
917
910

1660
1650
1640
1630
1620

1100
1100
1090
1080
1070

16
17
18
19
20

1150
1140
1120
1110
1100

767
759
750
741
732

1360
1340
1330
1310
1290

907
897
886
876
864

1560
1540
1520
1500
1480

1040
1020
1010
1000
990

555
551
548
544
540

369
367
364
362
359

755
750
744
738
732

502
499
495
491
487

1100
1090
1080
1070
1060

733
727
721
714
708

1350
1340
1330
1320
1310

903
896
888
880
872

1600
1590
1580
1560
1550

1070
1060
1050
1040
1030

21
22
23
24
25

1080
1070
1050
1030
1020

722
712
702
691
680

1280
1260
1240
1220
1200

852
840
828
815
801

1460
1440
1420
1400
1370

976
962
947
932
917

536
532
528
523
518

357
354
351
348
345

726
719
712
705
697

483
478
474
469
464

1050
1040
1030
1010
1000

701
693
686
678
670

1290
1280
1260
1250
1230

863
854
844
835
825

1530
1510
1500
1480
1460

1020
1010
999
987
975

26
27
28
29
30

1000
988
970
952
934

669
657
645
633
621

1180
1160
1140
1120
1090

788
774
760
746
731

1350
1330
1300
1280
1250

901
885
868
852
835

513
508
503
498
493

341
338
335
331
328

690
682
674
666
658

459
454
448
443
437

995
982
969
956
942

662
653
645
636
627

1220
1200
1190
1170
1150

814
804
793
782
770

1440
1420
1400
1380
1360

963
950
937
923
910

31
32
33
34
35

916
897
878
859
840

609
597
584
571
559

1070
1050
1030
1000
986

716
701
686
671
656

1220
1200
1170
1140
1120

817
800
782
765
747

487
481
476
470
464

324
320
316
312
309

649
640
632
623
613

432
426
420
414
408

928
914
900
885
870

617
608
598
589
579

1140
1120
1100
1080
1060

759
747
735
723
711

1340
1320
1300
1280
1260

896
882
867
853
838

36
37
38
39
40

820
801
782
762
743

546
533
520
507
494

963
939
916
893
869

640
625
609
594
578

1090
1060
1040
1010
988

729
711
693
675
657

458
452
446
439
433

304
300
296
292
288

604
595
585
576
566

402
396
389
383
376

855
840
825
810
794

569
559
549
539
528

1050
1030
1010
993
974

698
686
673
660
648

1230
1210
1190
1160
1140

823
808
793
778
763

19

Table 10(j) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

1
2
3
4
5

16 x 16
0.875
0.814
LRDF ASD
1970 1310
1970 1310
1970 1310
1960 1300
1960 1300

18 x 18
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1320 882 1630 1090 1940 1290 2240 1490
1320 882 1630 1090 1940 1290 2240 1490
1320 881 1630 1080 1940 1290 2240 1490
1320 880 1630 1080 1940 1290 2230 1480
1320 878 1630 1080 1930 1280 2230 1480

20 x 20
0.625
0.750
0.500
0.581
0.698
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1380 923 1830 1210 2170 1440
1380 923 1830 1210 2170 1440
1380 922 1820 1210 2170 1440
1380 921 1820 1210 2170 1440
1380 920 1820 1210 2170 1440

6
7
8
9
10

1950
1950
1940
1930
1920

1300
1290
1290
1280
1280

1310
1310
1310
1300
1300

877
874
872
869
866

1620
1620
1610
1610
1600

1080
1080
1070
1070
1070

1930
1920
1920
1910
1910

1280
1280
1270
1270
1270

2220
2220
2210
2200
2200

1480
1470
1470
1470
1460

1380
1370
1370
1370
1360

918
917
915
913
910

1820
1810
1810
1800
1800

1210
1200
1200
1200
1200

2160
2160
2150
2150
2140

1440
1430
1430
1430
1420

11
12
13
14
15

1910
1900
1890
1870
1860

1270
1260
1250
1250
1240

1290
1290
1280
1270
1270

862
859
855
850
845

1600
1590
1580
1570
1570

1060
1060
1050
1050
1040

1900
1890
1880
1870
1860

1260
1250
1250
1240
1230

2190
2180
2170
2150
2140

1450
1450
1440
1430
1420

1360
1350
1350
1340
1340

907
904
901
898
894

1790
1790
1780
1770
1760

1190
1190
1180
1180
1170

2130
2130
2120
2110
2100

1420
1410
1410
1400
1390

16
17
18
19
20

1850
1830
1810
1800
1780

1230
1220
1210
1190
1180

1260
1250
1240
1230
1220

840
835
830
824
818

1560
1550
1540
1520
1510

1030
1030
1020
1010
1000

1850
1840
1820
1810
1800

1230
1220
1210
1200
1190

2130
2110
2100
2080
2070

1410
1410
1400
1390
1370

1330
1330
1320
1310
1310

890
886
881
876
872

1760
1750
1740
1730
1720

1170
1160
1150
1150
1140

2090
2080
2070
2050
2040

1390
1380
1370
1360
1360

21
22
23
24
25

1760
1740
1720
1700
1680

1170
1160
1140
1130
1120

1220
1210
1190
1180
1170

811
805
798
791
783

1500
1490
1480
1460
1450

1000
993
984
975
966

1780
1770
1750
1730
1720

1180
1170
1160
1150
1140

2050
2030
2020
2000
1980

1360
1350
1340
1330
1310

1300
1290
1280
1270
1260

866
861
856
850
844

1710
1690
1680
1670
1660

1130
1130
1120
1110
1100

2030
2010
2000
1980
1970

1350
1340
1330
1320
1310

26
27
28
29
30

1660
1630
1610
1590
1560

1100
1090
1070
1050
1040

1160
1150
1140
1130
1110

776
768
760
752
743

1430
1420
1400
1390
1370

957
947
937
927
916

1700
1680
1660
1650
1630

1130
1120
1110
1090
1080

1960
1940
1920
1890
1870

1300
1290
1270
1260
1240

1250
1250
1240
1230
1210

838
831
825
818
811

1640
1630
1620
1600
1590

1090
1080
1070
1060
1050

1950
1940
1920
1900
1890

1300
1290
1280
1260
1250

31
32
33
34
35

1540
1510
1490
1460
1440

1020
1010
994
977
960

1100
1090
1070
1060
1050

735
726
717
708
699

1360
1340
1320
1310
1290

905
894
883
872
860

1610
1590
1570
1550
1530

1070
1050
1040
1030
1010

1850
1830
1800
1780
1750

1230
1210
1200
1180
1160

1200
1190
1180
1170
1160

804
797
789
782
774

1570
1560
1540
1530
1510

1040
1030
1020
1010
1000

1870
1850
1830
1810
1790

1240
1230
1220
1200
1190

36
37
38
39
40

1410
1390
1360
1330
1310

942
925
907
889
871

1030
1020
1000
993
978

689
680
670
660
650

1270
1250
1230
1220
1200

848
836
824
812
800

1500
1480
1460
1440
1420

1000
989
975
960
945

1730
1700
1680
1650
1630

1150
1130
1110
1100
1080

1150
1140
1120
1110
1100

766
758
750
742
733

1490
1480
1460
1440
1420

996
985
973
962
950

1770
1750
1730
1710
1690

1180
1160
1150
1140
1120

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

20

Table 10(k) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

1
2
3
4
5

20 x 20
0.875
0.814
LRDF ASD
2510 1670
2510 1670
2510 1670
2500 1660
2500 1660

22 x 22
0.875
0.750
0.814
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
2400 1600 2780 1850
2400 1600 2780 1850
2400 1600 2780 1850
2400 1600 2770 1840
2400 1590 2770 1840

6
7
8
9
10

2500
2490
2480
2480
2470

1660
1660
1650
1650
1640

2390
2390
2390
2380
2370

1590
1590
1590
1580
1580

2770
2760
2760
2750
2740

1840
1840
1830
1830
1820

11
12
13
14
15

2460
2450
2440
2430
2420

1640
1630
1620
1620
1610

2370
2360
2350
2340
2340

1570
1570
1560
1560
1550

2740
2730
2720
2710
2700

1820
1810
1810
1800
1790

16
17
18
19
20

2410
2400
2380
2370
2350

1600
1590
1580
1570
1560

2330
2320
2310
2300
2280

1550
1540
1530
1530
1520

2690
2680
2660
2650
2640

1790
1780
1770
1760
1750

21
22
23
24
25

2340
2320
2310
2290
2270

1550
1540
1530
1520
1510

2270
2260
2250
2230
2220

1510
1500
1490
1480
1470

2620
2610
2590
2580
2560

1740
1730
1720
1710
1700

26
27
28
29
30

2250
2230
2210
2190
2170

1500
1480
1470
1460
1440

2200
2190
2170
2160
2140

1460
1450
1440
1430
1420

2540
2530
2510
2490
2470

1690
1680
1670
1650
1640

31
32
33
34
35

2150
2130
2110
2090
2060

1430
1420
1400
1390
1370

2120
2110
2090
2070
2050

1410
1400
1390
1380
1360

2450
2430
2410
2390
2370

1630
1620
1600
1590
1570

36
37
38
39
40

2040
2020
1990
1970
1940

1350
1340
1320
1310
1290

2030
2010
1990
1970
1950

1350
1340
1330
1310
1300

2340
2320
2300
2280
2250

1560
1540
1530
1510
1500

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

21

Table 10(l) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
60.5 40.3
57.7 38.4
53.3 35.4
47.7 31.7
41.3 27.5

3x2
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
62.7 41.7 80.2 53.4
59.8 39.8 76.2 50.7
55.2 36.7 69.9 46.5
49.3 32.8 62.0 41.2
42.7 28.4 53.1 35.3

4x2
0.180
0.250
0.188
0.167
0.233
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
74.2 49.4 77.0 51.2 99.3 66.1
71.0 47.2 73.6 49.0 94.7 63.0
65.9 43.8 68.3 45.4 87.4 58.1
59.4 39.5 61.5 40.9 78.1 52.0
51.9 34.5 53.7 35.7 67.6 45.0

4x3
0.180
0.188
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
88.5 58.9 91.9 61.1
86.7 57.7 90.1 59.9
83.8 55.8 87.0 57.9
79.9 53.2 82.9 55.2
75.2 50.0 78.0 51.8

6
7
8
9
10

34.7
28.2
22.1
17.5
14.2

23.0
18.7
14.7
11.6
9.45

35.8
29.0
22.8
18.0
14.6

23.8
19.3
15.1
11.9
9.71

43.9
35.1
27.2
21.5
17.4

29.2
23.3
18.1
14.3
11.5

44.1
36.3
29.0
22.9
18.6

29.3
24.2
19.3
15.2
12.3

45.6
37.5
29.9
23.6
19.1

30.3
24.9
19.9
15.7
12.7

56.7
46.0
36.1
28.5
23.1

37.7
30.6
24.0
19.0
15.4

69.7
63.8
57.6
51.3
45.0

46.4
42.4
38.3
34.1
29.9

72.3
66.1
59.6
53.1
46.6

48.1
44.0
39.7
35.3
31.0

11
12
13
14
15

11.7
9.86
8.40

7.81
6.56
5.59

12.0
10.1

8.03
6.74

14.3
12.0

9.58
8.05

15.3
12.9
11.0

10.2
8.60
7.33

15.8
13.3
11.3

10.5
8.85
7.54

19.1
16.0

12.7
10.7

39.0
33.2
28.3
24.4
21.3

25.9
22.1
18.8
16.2
14.1

40.3
34.3
29.2
25.2
22.0

26.8
22.8
19.4
16.8
14.6

18.7
16.5
14.7
13.2

12.4
11.0
9.84
8.83

19.3
17.1
15.2
13.7

12.8
11.3
10.1
9.12

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

22

Table 10(m) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

4x3
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
119 79.4
116 77.7
112 75.0
107 71.3
100 66.8

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
87.9 58.5
84.2 56.0
78.4 52.2
71.0 47.2
62.5 41.5

5x2
0.188
0.250
0.233
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
91.2 60.7 118 78.8
87.4 58.1 113 75.2
81.4 54.1 104 69.7
73.6 48.9 94.1 62.6
64.7 43.0 82.0 54.6

5x3
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
102 68.1 106 70.7 138 92.2 168
112
100 66.7 104 69.3 135 90.3 164
109
97.2 64.6 100 67.1 131 87.3 159
105
92.9 61.8 96.4 64.1 125 83.2 151
100
87.6 58.3 90.9 60.5 117 78.3 142 94.5

6
7
8
9
10

92.8
84.5
75.8
67.1
58.5

61.7
56.2
50.4
44.6
38.9

53.4
44.4
35.9
28.4
23.0

35.5
29.5
23.8
18.9
15.3

55.2
45.9
37.0
29.3
23.7

36.7
30.5
24.6
19.4
15.7

69.3
56.8
45.1
35.6
28.9

46.1
37.8
30.0
23.7
19.2

81.6
75.0
68.1
61.0
53.9

54.3
49.9
45.3
40.5
35.9

84.6
77.8
70.5
63.2
55.8

56.3
51.7
46.9
42.0
37.1

109
100
90.3
80.4
70.7

72.7
66.5
60.1
53.5
47.0

131
119
107
95.4
83.4

87.4
79.7
71.6
63.5
55.5

11
12
13
14
15

50.3
42.6
36.3
31.3
27.2

33.5
28.3
24.1
20.8
18.1

19.0
15.9
13.6

12.6
10.6
9.06

19.6
16.4
14.0

13.0
10.9
9.34

23.8
20.0
17.1

15.8
13.3
11.3

47.1
40.5
34.6
29.8
25.9

31.3
27.0
23.0
19.8
17.2

48.7
41.9
35.7
30.8
26.8

32.4
27.9
23.7
20.5
17.8

61.3
52.3
44.6
38.4
33.5

40.8
34.8
29.6
25.5
22.2

71.8
60.9
51.9
44.7
38.9

47.8
40.5
34.5
29.7
25.9

16
17
18
19
20

23.9
21.2
18.9
17.0

15.9
14.1
12.6
11.3

22.8
20.2
18.0
16.1
14.6

15.1
13.4
12.0
10.7
9.72

23.6
20.9
18.6
16.7
15.1

15.7
13.9
12.4
11.1
10.0

29.4
26.0
23.2
20.8

19.5
17.3
15.4
13.8

34.2
30.3
27.0
24.2

22.7
20.1
18.0
16.1

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

23

Table 10(n) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

5x3
0.375
0.349
LRDF ASD
196
130
192
127
185
123
175
116
164
109

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
101 67.6
97.5 64.8
91.0 60.5
82.6 54.9
73.0 48.5

6x2
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
105 70.2 137 91.4
101 67.3 131 87.5
94.4 62.8 122 81.2
85.7 57.0 110 73.2
75.6 50.3 96.4 64.1

6x3
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
116 77.2 120 80.2 157
105
192
128
113 75.8 118 78.7 154
102
188
125
110 73.5 114 76.3 149 99.6 182
121
105 70.3 109 73.1 143 95.2 173
115
100 66.5 103 69.1 134 89.7 163
108

6
7
8
9
10

151
137
123
108
94.1

100
91.5
81.8
72.1
62.6

62.7
52.4
42.6
33.8
27.4

41.7
34.8
28.3
22.5
18.2

64.9
54.2
44.0
34.9
28.2

43.1
36.0
29.2
23.2
18.8

81.9
67.6
54.1
42.7
34.6

54.5
44.9
36.0
28.4
23.0

93.4
86.1
78.5
70.6
62.7

62.1
57.3
52.2
46.9
41.7

96.9
89.4
81.4
73.2
65.0

64.5
59.4
54.1
48.7
43.2

125
115
104
93.6
82.7

83.5
76.7
69.6
62.3
55.0

151
138
125
111
98.1

100
92.3
83.4
74.3
65.2

11
12
13
14
15

80.5
67.9
57.8
49.9
43.4

53.6
45.1
38.5
33.2
28.9

22.6
19.0
16.2

15.0
12.6
10.8

23.3
19.6
16.7

15.5
13.0
11.1

28.6
24.0
20.4

19.0
16.0
13.6

55.0
47.7
40.8
35.2
30.6

36.6
31.7
27.1
23.4
20.4

57.0
49.3
42.2
36.3
31.7

37.9
32.8
28.0
24.2
21.0

72.1
62.1
52.9
45.6
39.7

48.0
41.3
35.2
30.3
26.4

85.0
72.5
61.8
53.3
46.4

56.5
48.2
41.1
35.4
30.9

16
17
18
19
20

38.2
33.8
30.1
27.0

25.4
22.5
20.0
18.0

26.9
23.8
21.2
19.1
17.2

17.9
15.8
14.1
12.7
11.4

27.8
24.6
22.0
19.7
17.8

18.5
16.4
14.6
13.1
11.8

34.9
30.9
27.6
24.7
22.3

23.2
20.5
18.3
16.4
14.8

40.8
36.1
32.2
28.9

27.1
24.0
21.4
19.2

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

24

Table 10(o) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

6x3
0.375
0.349
LRDF ASD
225
149
220
146
212
141
202
134
189
126

6x4
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.174
0.233
0.167
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
130 86.6 135 90.0 177
118
217
144
254
169
324
216
128 85.7 133 89.0 175
116
214
142
251
167
320
213
126 84.1 131 87.4 172
114
210
140
246
164
313
208
123 82.0 128 85.2 167
111
204
136
239
159
304
202
119 79.4 124 82.5 162
107
197
131
231
153
292
194

7x5
0.313
0.291
LRDF ASD
265
176
263
175
260
173
255
170
250
166

6
7
8
9
10

175
160
143
127
111

116
106
95.7
84.8
74.1

114
109
103
97.5
91.0

76.3
72.8
68.9
64.8
60.5

119
113
107
101
94.4

79.3
75.6
71.6
67.3
62.8

155
148
140
131
122

103
98.6
93.2
87.4
81.4

189
180
170
159
147

126
119
113
105
98.3

221
210
197
184
171

147
139
131
122
113

279
264
247
230
212

185
175
164
153
141

243
236
227
218
208

162
157
151
145
138

11
12
13
14
15

96.0
81.3
69.3
59.7
52.0

63.8
54.1
46.1
39.7
34.6

84.3
77.6
70.9
64.3
57.9

56.1
51.6
47.2
42.8
38.5

87.5
80.5
73.5
66.6
60.0

58.2
53.5
48.9
44.3
39.9

113
103
94.5
85.4
76.5

75.2
69.0
62.8
56.8
50.9

136
124
113
101
91.0

90.6
82.9
75.2
67.7
60.5

157
143
129
116
103

104
95.5
86.4
77.5
69.0

193
175
157
140
123

128
116
104
93.4
82.3

198
187
176
164
153

131
124
117
109
102

16
17
18
19
20

45.7
40.5
36.1
32.4

30.4
26.9
24.0
21.5

51.7
45.9
40.9
36.7
33.1

34.4
30.5
27.2
24.4
22.0

53.6
47.5
42.4
38.0
34.3

35.6
31.6
28.2
25.3
22.8

68.0
60.3
53.8
48.2
43.5

45.3
40.1
35.7
32.1
28.9

80.5
71.3
63.6
57.1
51.5

53.6
47.4
42.3
38.0
34.3

91.4
81.0
72.2
64.8
58.5

60.8
53.8
48.0
43.1
38.9

108
96.3
85.9
77.1
69.6

72.3
64.1
57.1
51.3
46.3

142
131
120
110
99.9

94.7
87.4
80.2
73.3
66.5

21
22
23
24
25

30.0
27.4
25.0
23.0
21.2

20.0
18.2
16.6
15.3
14.1

31.1
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.9

20.7
18.8
17.2
15.8
14.6

39.5
36.0
32.9
30.2
27.8

26.2
23.9
21.9
20.1
18.5

46.7
42.6
38.9
35.8
33.0

31.1
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.9

53.0
48.3
44.2
40.6
37.4

35.3
32.1
29.4
27.0
24.9

63.1
57.5
52.6
48.3
44.5

42.0
38.2
35.0
32.1
29.6

90.6
82.6
75.6
69.4
63.9

60.3
54.9
50.3
46.1
42.5

26
27
28
29
30

19.6
18.2

13.0
12.1

20.3
18.8

13.5
12.5

25.7

17.1

30.5

20.3

59.1
54.8
51.0
47.5
44.4

39.3
36.5
33.9
31.6
29.5

41.6
39.0
36.7

27.6
25.9
24.4

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

25

Table 10(p) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

7x5
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
312
208
402
267
310
206
398
265
306
203
393
261
301
200
386
257
294
195
377
251

8x4
0.500
0.375
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.349
0.465
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
143 95.6 152
101
215
143
265
176
312
207
401
267
142 94.7 151
100
213
142
262
174
308
205
396
263
140 93.3 148 98.8 209
139
257
171
303
201
388
258
137 91.3 145 96.7 204
136
251
167
295
196
378
251
133 88.8 141 94.0 198
132
243
161
285
190
364
242

6
7
8
9
10

286
277
267
255
244

190
184
177
170
162

366
354
340
325
309

243
235
226
216
205

129
123
118
112
105

85.8
82.4
78.7
74.6
70.4

136
130
124
118
111

90.7
87.1
83.0
78.7
74.1

190
182
173
163
152

127
121
115
108
101

233
222
210
198
185

155
148
140
131
123

274
261
246
231
215

182
173
164
154
143

349
331
312
291
270

232
220
207
194
179

11
12
13
14
15

231
218
205
191
178

154
145
136
127
118

292
275
257
239
222

194
183
171
159
147

99.2
92.3
85.5
78.6
71.9

66.0
61.4
56.9
52.3
47.8

104
96.9
89.5
82.2
75.0

69.3
64.5
59.6
54.7
49.9

141
130
119
108
98.2

94.2
86.9
79.5
72.3
65.3

171
157
144
130
117

114
104
95.8
86.9
78.2

199
182
166
150
135

132
121
110
100
89.8

248
226
205
184
163

165
150
136
122
109

16
17
18
19
20

164
151
139
126
114

109
101
92.5
84.3
76.3

204
187
170
154
139

136
124
113
102
92.8

65.3
59.0
52.8
47.4
42.8

43.4
39.2
35.1
31.5
28.4

68.0
61.2
54.7
49.1
44.3

45.2
40.7
36.4
32.6
29.5

88.1
78.2
69.8
62.6
56.5

58.6
52.0
46.4
41.6
37.6

105
93.1
83.0
74.5
67.2

69.9
61.9
55.2
49.6
44.7

120
106
94.8
85.1
76.8

79.8
70.7
63.1
56.6
51.1

144
128
114
102
92.5

96.1
85.2
76.0
68.2
61.5

21
22
23
24
25

104
94.8
86.7
79.6
73.4

69.2
63.0
57.7
53.0
48.8

126
115
105
96.9
89.3

84.2
76.7
70.2
64.4
59.4

38.8
35.3
32.3
29.7
27.3

25.8
23.5
21.5
19.7
18.2

40.2
36.6
33.5
30.7
28.3

26.7
24.3
22.3
20.4
18.8

51.3
46.7
42.7
39.2
36.2

34.1
31.1
28.4
26.1
24.0

61.0
55.6
50.8
46.7
43.0

40.6
37.0
33.8
31.0
28.6

69.6
63.4
58.0
53.3
49.1

46.3
42.2
38.6
35.4
32.7

83.9
76.4
69.9
64.2
59.2

55.8
50.8
46.5
42.7
39.4

26
27
28
29
30

67.8
62.9
58.5
54.5
50.9

45.1
41.8
38.9
36.3
33.9

82.5
76.5
71.2
66.3
62.0

54.9
50.9
47.3
44.1
41.2

25.3
23.4
21.8

16.8
15.6
14.5

26.2
24.3
22.6

17.4
16.1
15.0

33.4
31.0

22.2
20.6

39.8
36.9

26.4
24.5

45.4

30.2

31
32
33
34
35

47.7
44.8

31.7
29.8

58.0

38.6

36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

26

Table 10(q) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

8x6
0.180
0.188
0.313
0.375
0.250
0.500
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
171
114
181
120
254
169
313
208
370
246
479
318
170
113
180
120
253
168
312
207
368
245
476
317
169
112
179
119
251
167
309
205
365
243
472
314
167
111
177
118
248
165
305
203
361
240
466
310
165
110
175
116
245
163
301
200
355
236
459
305

10 x 4
0.313
0.375
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
313
208
370
246
309
206
366
243
304
202
359
239
297
197
350
233
288
191
339
225

6
7
8
9
10

162
159
156
152
148

108
106
104
101
98.6

172
168
165
160
156

114
112
109
107
103

240
235
229
223
216

160
156
152
148
144

295
289
282
274
265

196
192
187
182
176

349
341
332
323
312

232
227
221
215
208

450
439
427
415
401

299
292
284
276
266

277
265
251
237
222

184
176
167
157
147

326
311
295
277
259

217
207
196
184
172

11
12
13
14
15

143
138
133
128
123

95.5
92.3
89.0
85.5
81.9

151
146
140
135
129

100
97.3
93.7
89.9
86.1

209
201
193
185
176

139
134
128
123
117

256
246
236
226
215

170
164
157
150
143

301
290
277
265
252

200
192
184
176
167

386
370
354
337
320

257
246
235
224
213

206
190
174
159
143

137
126
116
105
95.7

240
221
202
184
165

160
147
134
122
110

16
17
18
19
20

117
112
106
100
95.0

78.2
74.5
70.7
67.0
63.2

123
117
111
105
99.3

82.1
78.1
74.1
70.1
66.1

167
158
149
141
132

111
105
99.7
93.8
88.0

204
193
182
171
160

136
128
121
114
106

239
226
212
199
186

159
150
141
132
124

303
285
268
250
233

201
190
178
166
155

129
114
102
92.0
83.0

85.9
76.4
68.2
61.2
55.2

148
131
117
105
95.1

98.7
87.6
78.1
70.1
63.2

21
22
23
24
25

89.4
83.9
78.5
73.2
68.1

59.5
55.8
52.2
48.7
45.3

93.4
87.5
81.8
76.2
70.7

62.1
58.2
54.4
50.7
47.0

123
115
107
99.0
91.3

82.3
76.7
71.2
65.9
60.7

149
139
129
119
109

99.7
92.7
86.0
79.3
73.1

174
161
149
137
127

115
107
99.6
91.7
84.5

217
201
185
170
156

144
133
123
113
104

75.3
68.6
62.7
57.6
53.1

50.1
45.6
41.7
38.3
35.3

86.2
78.6
71.9
66.0
60.8

57.4
52.3
47.8
43.9
40.5

26
27
28
29
30

63.0
58.4
54.3
50.6
47.3

41.9
38.8
36.1
33.7
31.5

65.4
60.6
56.3
52.5
49.1

43.5
40.3
37.5
34.9
32.6

84.4
78.2
72.7
67.8
63.4

56.1
52.0
48.4
45.1
42.1

101
94.2
87.6
81.6
76.3

67.6
62.7
58.3
54.3
50.7

117
108
101
94.4
88.2

78.1
72.4
67.3
62.8
58.6

145
134
125
116
108

96.5
89.4
83.2
77.5
72.4

49.1
45.5

32.6
30.3

56.2
52.1

37.4
34.7

31
32
33
34
35

44.3
41.6
39.1
36.8
34.7

29.5
27.6
26.0
24.5
23.1

46.0
43.1
40.5
38.2
36.0

30.6
28.7
27.0
25.4
24.0

59.3
55.7
52.4
49.3
46.5

39.5
37.0
34.8
32.8
30.9

71.4
67.0
63.0
59.4
56.0

47.5
44.6
41.9
39.5
37.3

82.6
77.5
72.9
68.6
64.8

54.9
51.5
48.5
45.6
43.1

102
95.7
90.0
84.8
80.0

67.8
63.7
59.9
56.4
53.2

36
37
38
39
40

32.8
31.1
29.5
28.0
26.6

21.8
20.7
19.6
18.6
17.7

34.1
32.2
30.6
29.0
27.6

22.6
21.4
20.3
19.3
18.3

44.0
41.6
39.5
37.5
35.6

29.2
27.7
26.2
24.9
23.7

53.0
50.1
47.5
45.1
42.9

35.2
33.3
31.6
30.0
28.5

61.2
57.9
54.9
52.1

40.7
38.5
36.5
34.7

75.6
71.6
67.9

50.3
47.6
45.1

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

27

Table 10(r) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

10 x 4
0.500
0.465
LRDF ASD
478
318
472
314
463
308
451
300
436
290

10 x 6
0.375
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.500
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.167
0.174
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
176
117
187
124
281
187
361
240
428
285
556
370
176
117
186
124
280
186
360
239
426
283
553
368
175
116
185
123
278
185
357
237
422
281
548
365
173
115
183
122
275
183
353
235
418
278
542
360
171
114
181
120
271
180
348
231
412
274
534
355

12 x 4
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
252
168
250
166
246
164
242
161
236
157

6
7
8
9
10

418
398
376
352
327

278
264
250
234
218

169
166
163
159
156

112
110
108
106
103

179
176
172
169
164

119
117
114
112
109

267
262
256
250
243

177
174
170
166
161

342
335
327
318
309

227
223
217
211
205

404
396
386
376
364

269
263
257
250
242

524
512
499
485
470

348
341
332
323
312

228
220
211
201
191

152
146
140
134
127

11
12
13
14
15

302
277
251
227
203

201
184
167
151
135

151
147
143
138
133

101
98.2
95.1
91.9
88.6

160
155
150
145
140

106
103
100
96.9
93.4

235
227
219
210
201

156
151
145
140
134

298
288
276
265
253

198
191
184
176
168

352
339
326
312
297

234
225
216
207
198

453
436
418
399
380

301
290
278
265
253

180
168
157
145
134

119
112
104
97.0
89.4

16
17
18
19
20

180
159
142
127
115

120
106
94.8
85.1
76.8

128
122
117
112
106

85.2
81.8
78.2
74.7
71.1

134
129
123
117
112

89.7
86.0
82.2
78.4
74.5

192
183
173
164
155

128
121
115
109
103

241
228
216
204
191

160
152
143
135
127

283
268
253
238
223

188
178
168
158
149

360
341
321
301
282

240
226
213
200
187

123
112
101
91.4
82.5

81.9
74.6
67.6
60.8
54.9

21
22
23
24
25

104
95.4
87.3
80.1
73.8

69.6
63.4
58.0
53.3
49.1

101
96.1
90.8
85.6
80.4

67.5
63.9
60.4
56.9
53.5

106
100
94.9
89.3
83.8

70.7
66.9
63.1
59.4
55.8

145
136
127
119
110

97.0
91.0
85.0
79.3
73.6

179
167
156
144
133

119
111
103
96.4
88.9

209
195
181
168
155

139
130
120
111
103

263
244
226
209
192

175
162
150
139
128

74.8
68.2
62.4
57.3
52.8

49.8
45.3
41.5
38.1
35.1

26
27
28
29
30

68.3

45.4

75.4
70.6
65.7
61.2
57.2

50.2
46.9
43.7
40.7
38.0

78.5
73.3
68.2
63.5
59.4

52.2
48.8
45.3
42.3
39.5

102
94.9
88.3
82.3
76.9

68.1
63.1
58.7
54.7
51.1

123
114
106
99.4
92.8

82.2
76.2
70.9
66.1
61.8

143
132
123
115
107

95.3
88.4
82.2
76.6
71.6

178
165
153
143
133

118
109
102
95.3
89.0

48.8
45.2
42.1

32.4
30.1
28.0

31
32
33
34
35

53.6
50.3
47.3
44.5
42.0

35.6
33.4
31.4
29.6
27.9

55.6
52.2
49.1
46.2
43.6

37.0
34.7
32.6
30.7
29.0

72.0
67.6
63.5
59.8
56.5

47.9
44.9
42.2
39.8
37.6

86.9
81.6
76.7
72.3
68.2

57.8
54.3
51.0
48.1
45.4

100
94.6
88.9
83.8
79.1

67.0
62.9
59.2
55.7
52.6

125
117
110
104
98.3

83.4
78.2
73.5
69.3
65.4

36
37
38
39
40

39.7
37.6
35.6
33.8
32.2

26.4
25.0
23.7
22.5
21.4

41.2
39.0
37.0
35.1
33.4

27.4
25.9
24.6
23.3
22.2

53.4
50.5
47.9
45.5
43.2

35.5
33.6
31.8
30.2
28.7

64.5
61.0
57.8
54.9
52.2

42.9
40.6
38.5
36.5
34.7

74.7
70.7
67.1
63.7
60.5

49.7
47.0
44.6
42.3
40.2

92.9
87.9
83.4
79.1

61.8
58.5
55.5
52.6

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

28

Table 10(s) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

12 x 4
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
351
233
427
284
555
369
347
231
423
281
548
365
342
227
415
276
538
358
334
222
406
270
525
349
324
216
393
261
508
337

10 x 8
0.500
0.375
0.465
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
486
323
633
421
485
322
631
420
482
321
628
418
479
319
624
415
475
316
618
411

12 x 6
0.500
0.375
0.465
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
486
323
633
421
483
321
630
419
480
319
624
415
474
316
617
411
468
311
608
405

12 x 8
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
330
219
329
219
328
218
326
217
324
215

6
7
8
9
10

313
300
285
270
254

208
199
190
179
169

378
362
343
323
303

252
240
228
215
201

487
464
439
413
385

324
309
292
274
256

470
464
458
450
442

313
309
304
300
294

612
604
595
585
574

407
402
396
389
382

460
451
440
429
416

306
300
293
285
277

598
585
571
555
538

397
389
380
369
358

321
318
314
310
305

213
211
209
206
203

11
12
13
14
15

237
219
202
185
168

157
146
134
123
112

281
260
238
217
196

187
173
158
144
130

356
327
298
270
242

237
217
198
179
161

434
424
414
404
393

288
282
275
268
261

563
550
537
523
508

374
366
357
348
338

403
388
373
358
342

268
258
248
238
227

520
501
481
460
439

346
333
320
306
292

300
295
289
283
277

200
196
192
188
184

16
17
18
19
20

152
136
121
109
98.7

101
90.9
81.1
72.8
65.7

176
157
140
125
113

117
104
93.1
83.6
75.4

216
191
170
153
138

143
127
113
102
92.0

381
370
358
345
333

254
246
238
229
221

493
477
461
444
428

328
317
306
295
284

326
310
293
277
260

217
206
195
184
173

417
396
374
352
330

278
263
248
234
219

270
263
256
249
241

179
175
170
165
160

21
22
23
24
25

89.5
81.6
74.6
68.5
63.2

59.6
54.3
49.6
45.6
42.0

102
93.7
85.7
78.7
72.5

68.4
62.3
57.0
52.4
48.3

125
114
104
96.0
88.5

83.5
76.0
69.6
63.9
58.9

320
307
294
281
269

213
204
196
187
179

411
394
377
360
343

273
262
250
239
228

244
228
213
198
183

162
152
141
131
121

309
288
267
248
228

205
191
178
165
152

234
226
218
210
202

155
150
145
140
134

26
27
28
29
30

58.4
54.1
50.3

38.8
36.0
33.5

67.1
62.2

44.6
41.4

81.8

54.4

256
243
231
219
207

170
162
153
145
137

326
309
293
277
261

217
206
195
184
174

169
156
145
136
127

112
104
97.0
90.5
84.5

211
195
182
169
158

140
130
121
113
105

194
186
178
171
163

129
124
119
113
108

31
32
33
34
35

195
183
172
162
153

130
122
115
108
102

246
231
217
204
193

164
153
144
136
128

119
111
105
98.9
93.3

79.2
74.3
69.8
65.8
62.1

148
139
131
123
116

98.9
92.8
87.2
82.2
77.5

155
148
140
133
126

103
98.6
93.7
88.9
84.1

36
37
38
39
40

145
137
130
123
117

96.6
91.5
86.7
82.3
78.2

182
173
164
155
148

121
115
109
103
98.5

88.2
83.5
79.2
75.2
71.5

58.7
55.6
52.7
50.0
47.5

110
104
98.9
93.9
89.2

73.3
69.4
65.8
62.4
59.4

119
113
107
101
96.8

79.5
75.3
71.4
67.7
64.4

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

29

Table 10(t) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

12 x 8
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
448
298
544
362
710
472
447
297
542
361
708
471
445
296
540
359
705
469
442
294
536
357
700
466
439
292
532
354
694
462

14 x 6
0.500
0.313
0.375
0.465
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
413
275
537
357
710
472
412
274
534
355
706
470
409
272
530
353
701
466
405
269
525
349
693
461
400
266
518
344
683
454

14 x 10
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
653
434
864
575
652
433
863
574
650
432
860
572
647
430
856
570
644
428
852
567

6
7
8
9
10

435
430
424
418
411

289
286
282
278
273

527
521
514
506
497

350
346
342
336
331

687
679
669
659
647

457
451
445
438
430

394
387
380
371
362

262
258
252
247
241

509
500
488
476
463

339
332
325
317
308

671
658
642
625
607

447
437
427
416
404

640
635
630
624
617

426
422
419
415
410

846
840
832
824
815

563
559
554
548
542

11
12
13
14
15

403
395
387
378
368

268
263
257
251
245

488
478
467
456
444

324
318
310
303
295

634
621
606
591
575

422
413
403
393
383

352
341
330
318
306

234
227
219
211
203

448
433
417
401
384

298
288
277
266
255

587
566
544
521
498

390
376
362
347
331

609
601
593
584
574

405
400
394
388
382

805
794
782
770
756

535
528
520
512
503

16
17
18
19
20

358
348
338
327
316

238
232
225
217
210

431
419
406
392
378

287
278
270
261
252

559
542
524
506
488

372
360
349
337
325

293
281
268
255
242

195
187
178
169
161

366
349
331
313
295

244
232
220
208
196

474
450
426
402
378

315
299
283
267
251

564
553
542
531
519

375
368
361
353
345

743
728
713
698
682

494
484
474
464
453

21
22
23
24
25

305
294
282
271
260

203
195
188
180
173

365
351
337
323
308

242
233
224
214
205

470
451
433
414
395

312
300
288
275
263

229
216
203
191
179

152
144
135
127
119

278
260
243
227
211

184
173
162
151
140

354
331
308
286
264

235
220
205
190
175

507
495
482
469
456

337
329
321
312
303

665
648
631
614
596

442
431
420
408
397

26
27
28
29
30

248
237
226
215
204

165
157
150
143
136

294
281
267
253
240

196
187
177
168
160

377
359
341
323
305

251
238
226
215
203

167
155
144
134
125

111
103
96.2
89.7
83.8

195
180
168
156
146

129
120
111
104
97.5

244
226
210
196
183

162
150
140
130
122

443
430
417
403
390

295
286
277
268
259

578
560
542
524
506

385
373
361
349
337

31
32
33
34
35

193
183
173
163
153

128
122
115
108
102

227
215
202
190
179

151
143
134
126
119

288
271
255
240
227

192
180
170
160
151

117
110
104
98.0
92.5

78.4
73.6
69.2
65.2
61.5

137
128
121
114
107

91.3
85.7
80.5
75.9
71.6

171
161
151
142
134

114
107
100
95.1
89.7

376
363
350
336
323

250
241
232
224
215

488
470
452
435
417

325
313
301
289
277

36
37
38
39
40

145
137
130
123
117

96.8
91.6
86.8
82.4
78.4

170
160
152
144
137

113
107
101
96.3
91.6

214
203
192
183
174

142
135
128
121
115

87.4
82.8
78.5
74.5
70.8

58.2
55.1
52.2
49.5
47.1

101
96.3
91.3
86.7
82.4

67.7
64.1
60.7
57.7
54.8

127
120
114
108
103

84.8
80.3
76.1
72.2
68.7

310
298
285
273
261

206
198
190
181
173

400
383
366
350
333

266
255
244
233
222

30

Table 10(u) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

1
2
3
4
5

14 x 10
0.625
0.581
LRDF ASD
1060 706
1060 705
1050 703
1050 700
1040 696

6
7
8
9
10

1030
1030
1020
1010
999

691
686
679
672
665

334
331
328
325
321

222
220
218
216
213

460
456
451
445
439

306
303
300
296
292

596
590
583
575
566

396
392
388
382
377

838
828
817
805
792

557
551
544
536
527

1020
1010
1000
987
970

684
676
667
656
645

719
715
711
707
702

478
476
473
470
467

1000
998
992
985
978

668
664
660
655
650

11
12
13
14
15

987
973
958
942
926

656
647
637
627
616

316
312
307
302
296

210
207
204
201
197

433
426
418
410
402

288
283
278
273
267

557
547
536
525
513

370
364
357
349
341

777
762
745
728
709

517
507
496
484
472

952
932
911
889
866

633
620
606
591
576

696
690
684
677
669

463
459
455
450
445

969
960
950
940
929

645
639
632
625
618

16
17
18
19
20

908
890
871
852
832

604
592
580
567
553

291
285
278
272
265

193
189
185
181
176

393
384
374
365
355

261
255
249
242
236

500
488
474
461
447

333
324
315
306
297

690
671
650
629
608

459
446
433
419
405

842
817
792
765
739

560
544
527
509
491

661
653
645
636
626

440
434
429
423
417

917
905
892
878
864

610
602
593
584
575

21
22
23
24
25

811
790
769
747
725

540
526
511
497
482

259
252
245
237
230

172
167
163
158
153

344
334
323
313
302

229
222
215
208
201

432
418
403
388
374

287
278
268
258
248

587
565
543
521
499

390
376
361
346
332

712
685
657
630
602

473
455
437
419
401

617
607
597
586
575

410
404
397
390
383

850
835
820
804
788

565
555
545
535
524

26
27
28
29
30

703
681
658
636
613

467
453
438
423
408

223
216
208
201
193

148
143
138
133
129

291
280
269
259
248

193
186
179
172
165

359
344
329
315
300

239
229
219
209
200

477
455
434
413
392

317
303
289
274
261

575
548
521
495
469

383
365
347
329
312

564
553
542
530
519

375
368
360
353
345

772
755
738
721
704

513
502
491
480
468

31
32
33
34
35

591
568
546
524
503

393
378
363
349
334

186
179
172
165
157

124
119
114
109
105

237
227
217
206
197

158
151
144
137
131

286
272
259
245
232

190
181
172
163
154

371
351
331
312
295

247
234
220
207
196

444
419
394
372
351

295
279
262
247
233

507
495
483
471
459

337
329
321
313
305

686
669
651
634
616

457
445
433
421
410

36
37
38
39
40

481
460
440
419
399

320
306
292
279
265

151
144
137
130
124

100
95.9
91.5
87.0
82.7

187
177
168
159
151

124
118
111
106
101

219
207
197
187
177

146
138
131
124
118

278
263
250
237
225

185
175
166
158
150

331
314
297
282
268

220
209
198
188
178

447
434
422
410
398

297
289
281
273
265

598
581
563
545
528

398
386
374
363
351

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

16 x 8
0.625
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.233
0.291
0.581
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
341
227
471
314
613
407
864
575 1060 706
341
227
470
313
611
406
862
573 1050 704
340
226
469
312
609
405
858
571 1050 701
338
225
466
310
605
403
853
567 1040 696
336
224
463
308
601
400
846
563 1030 691

31

16 x 12
0.375
0.500
0.465
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
728
484 1010 677
728
484 1010 676
726
483 1010 675
724
482 1010 673
722
480 1000 671

Table 10(v) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 46 ksi

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design
1
2
3
4
5

0.625
0.750
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1250 834 1480 988
1250 833 1480 986
1250 831 1470 984
1240 829 1470 981
1240 826 1460 977

20 x 12
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1120 749 1440 962 1710 1140
1120 748 1440 961 1710 1140
1120 747 1440 959 1710 1130
1120 745 1430 956 1700 1130
1110 742 1430 953 1690 1130

24 x 12
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1320 882 1630 1090 1940 1290
1320 881 1630 1080 1940 1290
1320 880 1630 1080 1940 1290
1310 877 1620 1080 1930 1280
1310 874 1620 1080 1920 1280

6
7
8
9
10

1230
1220
1220
1210
1200

822
818
812
807
800

1460
1450
1440
1430
1420

973
967
961
954
946

1110
1100
1100
1090
1080

739
736
731
727
722

1420
1410
1410
1400
1390

949
944
938
932
925

1690
1680
1670
1660
1640

1120
1110
1110
1100
1090

1300
1300
1290
1280
1270

871
866
862
856
850

1610
1600
1600
1580
1570

1070
1070
1060
1050
1050

1920
1910
1890
1880
1870

1270
1270
1260
1250
1240

11
12
13
14
15

1190
1180
1160
1150
1140

793
786
777
769
759

1410
1390
1380
1360
1340

938
929
919
908
897

1070
1060
1050
1040
1030

716
710
703
696
689

1370
1360
1350
1330
1320

917
909
900
890
880

1630
1610
1600
1580
1560

1080
1070
1060
1050
1040

1260
1250
1240
1230
1210

843
836
828
820
811

1560
1550
1530
1520
1500

1040
1030
1020
1010
1000

1850
1840
1820
1800
1780

1230
1220
1210
1200
1180

16
17
18
19
20

1120
1110
1090
1070
1060

749
739
728
717
706

1330
1310
1290
1270
1250

885
873
860
846
832

1020
1010
998
984
970

681
672
664
654
645

1300
1290
1270
1250
1230

869
858
846
834
821

1540
1520
1500
1480
1450

1020
1010
1000
986
970

1200
1190
1170
1150
1140

802
792
782
771
760

1480
1460
1440
1420
1400

989
976
963
950
936

1760
1740
1710
1690
1660

1170
1150
1140
1120
1100

21
22
23
24
25

1040
1020
1000
985
965

693
681
668
655
642

1220
1200
1180
1160
1130

817
803
787
771
755

955
940
924
908
891

635
625
615
604
593

1210
1190
1170
1150
1120

808
794
780
765
751

1430
1410
1380
1350
1330

954
938
921
903
886

1120
1100
1080
1060
1050

748
736
724
711
698

1380
1360
1330
1310
1290

921
906
891
875
859

1630
1610
1580
1550
1520

1090
1070
1050
1030
1010

26
27
28
29
30

945
924
903
881
860

628
614
600
586
572

1110
1080
1060
1030
1000

739
722
705
688
671

875
857
840
822
804

582
570
559
547
535

1100
1080
1050
1030
1010

735
720
705
689
673

1300
1270
1240
1210
1190

867
849
830
811
792

1030
1000
989
968
947

685
671
658
644
630

1260
1240
1210
1180
1160

842
825
808
790
773

1490
1460
1430
1400
1370

995
974
954
933
911

31
32
33
34
35

838
816
794
772
750

557
543
528
514
499

983
957
930
904
878

654
636
619
601
584

786
768
749
731
712

523
511
498
486
474

987
963
938
913
889

657
640
624
608
591

1160
1130
1100
1070
1040

772
753
733
714
694

925
904
882
860
838

615
601
587
572
557

1130
1100
1080
1050
1020

755
737
719
701
682

1330
1300
1270
1240
1200

890
868
847
825
803

36
37
38
39
40

728
706
684
662
641

484
470
455
441
426

851
825
799
773
747

566
549
531
514
497

693
675
656
637
619

461
449
436
424
412

864
839
814
790
765

575
558
542
525
509

1010
984
954
925
895

674
654
635
615
596

816
794
772
750
728

543
528
513
499
484

998
971
943
916
889

664
646
628
609
591

1170
1140
1100
1070
1040

781
759
737
715
693

16 x 12

32

Table 10(w) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective Length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
50.8 33.8
47.9 31.9
43.5 28.9
38.0 25.2
31.9 21.2

2x2
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
52.6 35.0 66.3 44.1
49.6 33.0 62.2 41.4
44.9 29.9 55.9 37.2
39.2 26.0 48.2 32.0
32.8 21.8 39.8 26.4

2.5 x 2.5
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
66.1 43.9 68.5 45.5 87.6 58.3
63.7 42.4 66.0 43.9 84.3 56.1
60.0 39.9 62.2 41.4 79.1 52.6
55.2 36.7 57.2 38.0 72.3 48.1
49.6 33.0 51.3 34.1 64.5 42.9

3x3
0.180
0.188
0.174
0.167
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
81.2 54.0 84.3 56.0
79.3 52.7 82.2 54.7
76.2 50.7 79.0 52.5
72.0 47.9 74.6 49.6
67.0 44.5 69.4 46.2

6
7
8
9
10

25.7
19.9
15.3
12.0
9.79

17.1
13.2
10.1
8.04
6.51

26.4
20.4
15.6
12.3
10.0

17.6
13.6
10.4
8.24
6.67

31.4
23.8
18.2
14.4
11.6

20.9
15.8
12.1
9.59
7.77

43.5
37.3
31.2
25.4
20.6

28.9
24.8
20.7
16.9
13.7

45.0
38.5
32.1
26.1
21.2

29.9
25.6
21.4
17.4
14.1

56.0
47.4
39.1
31.4
25.5

37.2
31.5
26.0
20.9
16.9

61.3
55.2
48.9
42.7
36.6

40.8
36.7
32.5
28.4
24.4

63.5
57.2
50.6
44.1
37.8

42.2
38.0
33.7
29.3
25.1

11
12
13
14
15

8.09
6.80

5.38
4.52

8.29
6.97

5.52
4.63

9.65

6.42

17.0
14.3
12.2
10.5
9.16

11.3
9.52
8.11
7.00
6.09

17.5
14.7
12.5
10.8
9.43

11.6
9.80
8.35
7.20
6.27

21.0
17.7
15.0
13.0
11.3

14.0
11.7
10.0
8.66
7.54

30.9
25.9
22.1
19.0
16.6

20.5
17.2
14.7
12.7
11.0

31.8
26.8
22.8
19.6
17.1

21.2
17.8
15.1
13.1
11.4

14.6
12.9
11.5
10.3

9.72
8.61
7.68
6.89

15.0
13.3
11.9
10.6

10.0
8.88
7.92
7.11

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

33

Table 10(x) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

3x3
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
108 72.4
106 70.5
101 67.6
95.7 63.7
88.7 59.0

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
96.3 64.1
94.7 63.0
92.0 61.2
88.3 58.8
83.8 55.8

3.5 x 3.5
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
100 66.5 129 86.4
98.3 65.4 127 84.8
95.5 63.5 123 82.3
91.7 61.0 118 78.9
87.0 57.9 112 74.7

4x4
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
111 74.1 115 77.0 151
100
183
122
110 73.2 114 76.0 148 99.1 181
120
107 71.6 111 74.3 145 96.8 176
117
104 69.4 108 72.1 141 93.8 171
113
100 66.8 104 69.3 135 90.0 163
109

6
7
8
9
10

80.7
72.3
63.6
55.0
46.8

53.7
48.1
42.3
36.6
31.1

78.7
73.0
66.9
60.6
54.3

52.3
48.5
44.5
40.3
36.1

81.6
75.7
69.3
62.8
56.2

54.3
50.3
46.1
41.8
37.4

105
97.0
88.6
79.9
71.2

69.9
64.5
58.9
53.1
47.3

95.7
90.4
84.6
78.6
72.3

63.6
60.1
56.3
52.3
48.1

99.3
93.8
87.8
81.5
75.0

66.0
62.4
58.4
54.2
49.9

128
121
113
104
96.2

85.6
80.7
75.4
69.8
64.0

155
146
136
125
115

103
97.3
90.7
83.7
76.5

11
12
13
14
15

39.1
32.8
28.0
24.1
21.0

26.0
21.8
18.6
16.0
14.0

48.1
42.1
36.3
31.3
27.3

32.0
28.0
24.2
20.8
18.1

49.8
43.5
37.5
32.4
28.2

33.1
28.9
25.0
21.5
18.7

62.7
54.5
46.7
40.3
35.1

41.7
36.2
31.1
26.8
23.3

66.0
59.7
53.5
47.6
41.8

43.9
39.7
35.6
31.6
27.8

68.4
61.8
55.4
49.2
43.2

45.5
41.1
36.8
32.7
28.8

87.4
78.7
70.3
62.1
54.3

58.1
52.4
46.7
41.3
36.1

104
93.4
83.0
73.0
63.7

69.2
62.1
55.2
48.6
42.3

16
17
18
19
20

18.4
16.3
14.6

12.3
10.9
9.72

24.0
21.2
18.9
17.0
15.3

15.9
14.1
12.6
11.3
10.2

24.8
21.9
19.6
17.6
15.8

16.5
14.6
13.0
11.7
10.5

30.8
27.3
24.3
21.8
19.7

20.5
18.1
16.2
14.5
13.1

36.7
32.5
29.0
26.0
23.5

24.4
21.6
19.3
17.3
15.6

38.0
33.7
30.0
26.9
24.3

25.3
22.4
20.0
17.9
16.2

47.8
42.3
37.7
33.9
30.5

31.8
28.1
25.1
22.5
20.3

55.9
49.5
44.2
39.7
35.8

37.2
32.9
29.4
26.4
23.8

13.9
12.7

9.27
8.45

14.4
13.1

9.58
8.73

17.9

11.9

21.3
19.4
17.8
16.3
15.0

14.2
12.9
11.8
10.8
10.0

22.0
20.1
18.4
16.9
15.5

14.6
13.3
12.2
11.2
10.3

27.7
25.2
23.1
21.2
19.5

18.4
16.8
15.3
14.1
13.0

32.5
29.6
27.0
24.8

21.6
19.7
18.0
16.5

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

34

Table 10(y) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

4x4
0.375
0.349
LRDF ASD
214
142
211
140
205
137
198
132
190
126

4.5 x 4.5
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
126 84.2 131 87.5 172
114
209
139
125 83.3 130 86.6 170
113
207
138
123 81.9 127 85.1 167
111
203
135
120 80.0 124 83.1 163
108
198
132
116 77.6 121 80.6 158
105
192
127

5x5
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
141 94.2 147 97.9 193
128
140 93.4 146 97.1 191
127
138 92.2 144 95.8 188
125
135 90.4 141 94.0 185
123
132 88.2 137 91.7 180
120

6
7
8
9
10

180
169
157
144
131

120
112
104
96.2
87.6

112
107
102
96.3
90.3

74.7
71.5
67.9
64.1
60.0

116
111
106
100
93.7

77.6
74.2
70.5
66.5
62.3

152
145
137
129
121

101
96.6
91.6
86.2
80.6

184
176
166
156
146

122
117
110
104
97.2

128
124
119
113
108

85.6
82.6
79.3
75.7
71.8

133
129
123
118
112

88.9
85.8
82.4
78.6
74.6

174
168
161
154
145

116
112
107
102
97.1

11
12
13
14
15

118
106
93.8
82.0
71.5

79.0
70.6
62.4
54.6
47.5

84.0
77.7
71.3
65.1
58.9

55.9
51.7
47.4
43.3
39.2

87.2
80.6
74.0
67.4
61.1

58.0
53.6
49.2
44.8
40.6

112
103
94.9
86.3
77.9

74.8
69.0
63.1
57.4
51.8

135
124
113
102
92.5

90.0
82.8
75.5
68.4
61.5

102
95.7
89.4
83.0
76.7

67.8
63.7
59.5
55.2
51.0

105
99.4
92.8
86.1
79.5

70.4
66.1
61.7
57.3
52.9

137
128
120
111
102

91.5
85.7
79.8
74.0
68.1

16
17
18
19
20

62.8
55.6
49.6
44.5
40.2

41.8
37.0
33.0
29.6
26.7

53.0
47.3
42.2
37.8
34.1

35.3
31.4
28.0
25.2
22.7

54.9
48.9
43.6
39.2
35.3

36.5
32.5
29.0
26.0
23.5

69.8
62.0
55.3
49.6
44.8

46.4
41.2
36.8
33.0
29.8

82.6
73.2
65.2
58.6
52.8

54.9
48.7
43.4
38.9
35.1

70.5
64.4
58.5
52.7
47.6

46.9
42.8
38.9
35.1
31.6

73.1
66.7
60.6
54.6
49.3

48.6
44.4
40.3
36.3
32.8

93.8
85.5
77.4
69.6
62.8

62.4
56.9
51.5
46.3
41.8

21
22
23
24
25

36.4
33.2
30.4
27.9

24.2
22.1
20.2
18.5

31.0
28.2
25.8
23.7
21.8

20.6
18.7
17.2
15.7
14.5

32.0
29.2
26.7
24.5
22.6

21.3
19.4
17.8
16.3
15.0

40.6
37.0
33.8
31.1
28.6

27.0
24.6
22.5
20.7
19.0

47.9
43.7
39.9
36.7
33.8

31.9
29.0
26.6
24.4
22.5

43.2
39.3
36.0
33.0
30.4

28.7
26.1
23.9
22.0
20.2

44.7
40.7
37.3
34.2
31.5

29.7
27.1
24.8
22.7
21.0

57.0
51.9
47.5
43.6
40.2

37.9
34.5
31.6
29.0
26.7

20.2
18.7
17.4
16.2

13.4
12.4
11.6
10.8

20.9
19.4
18.0
16.8

13.9
12.9
12.0
11.1

26.5
24.5
22.8

17.6
16.3
15.2

31.2
29.0
26.9

20.8
19.3
17.9

28.1
26.1
24.3
22.6
21.1

18.7
17.3
16.1
15.0
14.0

29.1
27.0
25.1
23.4
21.9

19.4
18.0
16.7
15.6
14.5

37.1
34.4
32.0
29.8
27.9

24.7
22.9
21.3
19.8
18.5

19.8
18.6

13.1
12.3

20.5
19.2

13.6
12.8

26.1
24.5

17.4
16.3

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

35

Table 10(z) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

5x5
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.291
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
236
157
277
184
353
235
234
155
274
182
350
232
230
153
270
180
344
229
226
150
265
176
336
224
220
146
257
171
327
217

6x6
0.375
0.250
0.313
0.180
0.188
0.349
0.233
0.291
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
171
114
178
118
235
156
288
192
340
226
170
113
177
118
233
155
286
190
338
224
169
112
175
117
231
154
284
189
334
222
167
111
173
115
228
151
280
186
330
219
164
109
170
113
224
149
275
183
324
215

6
7
8
9
10

213
205
196
187
177

141
136
130
124
117

249
240
229
218
205

166
159
152
145
137

316
303
289
273
257

210
201
192
182
171

160
157
152
147
142

107
104
101
98.3
94.9

167
163
158
153
148

111
108
105
102
98.6

219
214
208
201
194

146
142
138
134
129

269
262
254
246
237

179
174
169
164
157

316
308
299
289
278

210
205
199
192
185

11
12
13
14
15

166
155
144
133
123

110
103
96.3
89.0
81.8

193
180
167
154
141

128
120
111
102
94.1

240
223
206
189
172

160
148
137
126
115

137
131
125
119
112

91.2
87.4
83.4
79.2
75.1

142
136
130
123
117

94.8
90.8
86.6
82.3
78.0

186
178
170
161
152

124
118
113
107
101

227
217
207
196
185

151
144
137
130
123

266
254
242
229
216

177
169
161
152
143

16
17
18
19
20

112
102
92.1
82.7
74.6

74.7
67.9
61.3
55.0
49.6

128
116
105
94.2
85.0

85.8
77.7
69.8
62.7
56.5

156
140
125
112
101

104
93.7
83.7
75.1
67.8

106
100
93.7
87.4
81.3

70.8
66.6
62.3
58.2
54.0

110
103
97.3
90.7
84.3

73.5
69.1
64.7
60.4
56.1

143
135
126
117
109

95.7
89.8
83.9
78.2
72.5

174
163
152
141
131

116
108
101
94.4
87.4

203
190
177
164
151

135
126
117
109
101

21
22
23
24
25

67.7
61.6
56.4
51.8
47.7

45.0
41.0
37.5
34.4
31.7

77.1
70.2
64.3
59.0
54.4

51.3
46.7
42.7
39.2
36.2

92.4
84.2
77.0
70.7
65.2

61.5
56.0
51.2
47.0
43.4

75.2
69.4
63.7
58.5
53.9

50.0
46.2
42.3
38.9
35.8

78.1
72.0
66.0
60.6
55.9

51.9
47.9
43.9
40.3
37.1

100
92.7
84.8
77.9
71.8

67.0
61.7
56.4
51.8
47.7

121
111
101
93.4
86.1

80.6
73.9
67.6
62.1
57.2

139
127
116
107
99.0

92.9
85.0
77.8
71.4
65.8

26
27
28
29
30

44.1
40.9
38.0
35.5
33.1

29.3
27.2
25.3
23.6
22.0

50.3
46.6
43.3
40.4
37.8

33.4
31.0
28.8
26.9
25.1

60.3
55.9
52.0
48.4
45.2

40.1
37.2
34.5
32.2
30.1

49.8
46.2
42.9
40.0
37.4

33.1
30.7
28.5
26.6
24.9

51.6
47.9
44.5
41.5
38.8

34.3
31.8
29.6
27.6
25.8

66.4
61.5
57.2
53.3
49.8

44.1
40.9
38.1
35.5
33.1

79.6
73.8
68.6
63.9
59.7

52.9
49.1
45.6
42.5
39.7

91.5
84.8
78.9
73.5
68.7

60.9
56.4
52.5
48.9
45.7

31
32
33
34
35

31.0

20.6

35.4

23.5

35.0
32.9
30.9
29.1
27.5

23.3
21.8
20.5
19.3
18.3

36.3
34.1
32.0
30.2
28.5

24.1
22.7
21.3
20.1
18.9

46.7
43.8
41.2
38.8
36.6

31.0
29.1
27.4
25.8
24.3

55.9
52.5
49.4
46.5
43.9

37.2
34.9
32.8
30.9
29.2

64.4
60.4
56.8
53.5
50.5

42.8
40.2
37.8
35.6
33.6

26.0
24.6
23.3
22.1

17.3
16.3
15.5
14.7

26.9
25.5
24.1
22.9

17.9
16.9
16.1
15.2

34.6
32.7
31.0

23.0
21.8
20.6

41.5
39.3
37.2

27.6
26.1
24.7

47.7
45.2
42.8

31.7
30.0
28.5

36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

36

Table 10(aa) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

6x6
0.500
0.465
LRDF ASD
437
290
434
289
429
286
423
281
415
276

7x7
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.180
0.188
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.167
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
187
125
201
133
277
184
341
226
403
268
521
346
187
124
200
133
275
183
339
225
401
267
518
345
186
123
199
132
274
182
337
224
398
265
514
342
184
122
197
131
271
180
333
222
394
262
509
338
182
121
194
129
268
178
329
219
389
259
502
334

8x8
0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
195
130
195
129
194
129
193
128
191
127

6
7
8
9
10

405
394
382
368
354

270
262
254
245
235

179
176
173
169
165

119
117
115
112
110

192
188
185
181
176

127
125
123
120
117

263
259
253
247
241

175
172
168
164
160

324
318
311
304
296

215
211
207
202
197

383
375
367
358
349

254
250
244
238
232

494
484
473
461
448

328
322
315
307
298

189
187
185
182
179

126
124
123
121
119

11
12
13
14
15

338
322
305
288
271

225
214
203
192
180

161
156
151
146
141

107
104
101
97.6
94.1

171
166
161
155
150

114
110
107
103
99.8

234
226
219
211
202

155
151
145
140
134

287
278
268
258
247

191
185
178
171
164

338
327
315
303
291

225
217
210
201
193

434
419
403
387
370

289
279
268
257
246

176
172
168
164
160

117
114
112
109
107

16
17
18
19
20

254
237
220
203
187

169
157
146
135
124

135
130
124
118
113

90.4
86.7
82.9
79.1
75.3

144
137
131
125
119

95.8
91.7
87.6
83.5
79.3

194
185
176
167
158

129
123
117
111
105

237
226
215
204
193

157
150
143
135
128

278
265
252
238
225

185
176
167
158
150

353
336
319
301
284

235
223
212
200
189

156
152
147
142
138

104
101
98.1
95.0
91.8

21
22
23
24
25

171
156
143
131
121

114
104
95.1
87.3
80.5

107
101
96.1
90.5
85.1

71.5
67.7
63.9
60.2
56.6

113
106
100
94.7
88.8

75.2
71.0
67.0
63.0
59.1

149
141
132
124
115

99.7
93.9
88.2
82.6
77.1

182
171
160
150
140

121
114
106
100
93.3

212
199
187
174
162

141
132
124
116
108

267
250
233
217
202

177
166
155
144
134

133
128
123
118
113

88.6
85.3
82.0
78.7
75.4

26
27
28
29
30

111
103
96.5
89.9
84.0

74.4
69.0
64.2
59.8
55.9

79.7
74.5
69.3
64.6
60.4

53.0
49.6
46.1
43.0
40.2

83.0
77.4
72.0
67.1
62.7

55.2
51.5
47.9
44.6
41.7

107
100
93.0
86.7
81.0

71.8
66.6
61.9
57.7
53.9

130
120
112
104
97.8

86.6
80.3
74.6
69.6
65.0

150
139
129
121
113

100
92.9
86.4
80.6
75.3

186
173
161
150
140

124
115
107
99.8
93.3

108
103
98.6
93.8
89.1

72.1
68.8
65.6
62.4
59.3

31
32
33
34
35

78.7
73.8
69.4
65.4
61.7

52.3
49.1
46.2
43.5
41.0

56.6
53.1
49.9
47.0
44.4

37.6
35.3
33.2
31.3
29.5

58.7
55.1
51.8
48.8
46.0

39.0
36.6
34.4
32.4
30.6

75.9
71.2
67.0
63.1
59.5

50.5
47.4
44.5
42.0
39.6

91.5
85.9
80.8
76.1
71.8

60.9
57.1
53.7
50.6
47.8

106
99.5
93.5
88.1
83.1

70.5
66.2
62.2
58.6
55.3

131
123
115
109
103

87.4
82.0
77.1
72.6
68.5

84.5
79.9
75.4
71.1
67.1

56.2
53.2
50.2
47.3
44.6

36
37
38
39
40

58.3
55.2

38.8
36.7

41.9
39.7
37.6
35.7
34.0

27.9
26.4
25.0
23.7
22.6

43.5
41.2
39.0
37.1
35.2

28.9
27.4
26.0
24.6
23.4

56.3
53.3
50.5
47.9
45.6

37.4
35.4
33.6
31.9
30.3

67.9
64.2
60.9
57.8
55.0

45.1
42.7
40.5
38.5
36.6

78.6
74.4
70.5
66.9
63.6

52.3
49.5
46.9
44.5
42.3

97.4
92.2
87.4
83.0
78.9

64.8
61.3
58.1
55.2
52.5

63.4
60.0
56.9
54.0
51.3

42.2
39.9
37.8
35.9
34.1

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

37

Table 10(ab) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

8x8
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.188
0.250
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
209
139
319
212
393
261
466
310
604
402
209
139
318
211
392
261
464
309
602
401
208
138
316
210
390
259
461
307
599
398
207
137
314
208
387
257
458
304
594
395
205
136
311
206
383
255
453
302
588
391

10 x 10
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.233
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
367
244
498
331
591
393
367
244
497
330
590
392
366
243
495
329
588
391
364
242
493
328
585
389
362
241
490
326
582
387

6
7
8
9
10

203
201
198
195
192

135
133
131
129
127

307
303
298
293
287

204
201
198
195
191

379
373
367
361
353

252
248
244
240
235

448
442
434
426
418

298
294
289
284
278

581
572
563
552
540

386
381
374
367
359

360
357
354
350
346

239
237
235
233
230

486
482
477
472
466

323
321
317
314
310

577
572
566
560
552

384
380
377
372
367

11
12
13
14
15

188
184
180
176
171

125
122
120
117
114

281
274
267
259
251

187
182
177
172
167

345
337
328
319
309

230
224
218
212
205

408
398
387
376
364

271
265
257
250
242

527
514
499
484
468

351
342
332
322
311

341
337
332
326
320

227
224
220
217
213

459
452
444
436
428

305
301
295
290
284

544
536
527
517
507

362
356
350
344
337

16
17
18
19
20

166
161
156
151
146

110
107
104
100
97.4

243
235
226
218
209

162
156
150
145
139

299
288
277
267
256

198
192
184
177
170

352
339
327
314
300

234
226
217
208
200

452
435
418
401
384

301
290
278
267
255

314
308
302
295
288

209
205
201
196
191

419
410
400
390
380

279
272
266
259
253

496
485
474
462
449

330
323
315
307
299

21
22
23
24
25

141
135
130
124
119

93.8
90.2
86.6
83.0
79.4

200
191
182
173
164

133
127
121
115
109

245
233
222
211
201

163
155
148
140
133

287
274
261
248
235

191
182
173
165
156

366
349
331
314
297

244
232
220
209
197

281
274
266
259
251

187
182
177
172
167

370
359
348
337
326

246
239
231
224
217

437
424
411
398
385

291
282
273
265
256

26
27
28
29
30

114
108
103
98.2
93.1

75.8
72.3
68.8
65.3
61.9

156
147
139
131
123

103
98.2
92.7
87.3
81.9

190
179
169
159
149

126
119
112
105
99.2

222
209
197
185
173

147
139
131
123
115

280
264
248
232
217

186
175
165
154
144

243
236
228
220
212

162
157
151
146
141

315
304
293
282
271

209
202
195
187
180

372
358
345
332
319

247
238
229
221
212

31
32
33
34
35

88.1
83.2
78.3
73.8
69.6

58.6
55.4
52.1
49.1
46.3

115
108
101
95.8
90.4

76.7
72.0
67.7
63.8
60.2

139
131
123
116
109

92.9
87.2
82.0
77.3
72.9

162
152
143
135
127

108
101
95.4
89.9
84.8

203
190
179
169
159

135
127
119
112
106

204
197
189
182
174

136
131
126
121
116

260
249
238
228
217

173
165
158
151
144

306
293
280
267
255

203
195
186
178
169

36
37
38
39
40

65.8
62.3
59.1
56.1
53.3

43.8
41.4
39.3
37.3
35.4

85.5
80.9
76.7
72.8
69.2

56.9
53.8
51.0
48.4
46.0

103
98.1
93.0
88.3
83.9

68.9
65.2
61.8
58.7
55.8

120
114
108
102
97.6

80.1
75.9
71.9
68.3
64.9

150
142
135
128
122

100
95.0
90.0
85.5
81.2

167
159
152
145
138

111
106
101
96.9
92.2

207
197
187
177
169

138
131
124
118
112

243
231
219
208
197

161
153
145
138
131

38

Table 10(ac) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

10 x 10
0.500
0.625
0.465
0.581
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
772
513
945
628
770
512
943
627
768
511
939
625
764
508
934
622
759
505
928
618

12 x 12
0.500
0.625
0.375
0.750
0.250
0.313
0.465
0.581
0.349
0.698
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
387
257
566
377
717
477
939
625 1150 768 1360 906
386
257
566
376
716
476
938
624 1150 767 1360 905
386
256
564
375
714
475
936
622 1140 765 1350 903
385
256
563
374
712
474
933
620 1140 762 1350 899
383
255
560
373
709
471
929
618 1140 759 1340 895

6
7
8
9
10

753
746
738
730
720

501
496
491
485
479

921
912
902
891
879

613
607
600
593
585

382
380
378
376
373

254
253
251
250
248

558
555
551
547
542

371
369
366
364
361

705
701
696
690
684

469
466
463
459
455

924
918
911
904
896

614
611
606
601
596

1130
1120
1110
1100
1090

754
750
744
738
731

1330
1330
1320
1300
1290

890
885
878
870
862

11
12
13
14
15

709
698
686
673
659

472
464
456
447
438

866
851
836
820
803

576
566
556
545
534

370
367
364
360
356

246
244
242
239
237

537
532
526
520
513

357
354
350
346
341

678
670
662
654
645

451
446
441
435
429

887
877
866
855
843

590
583
576
569
561

1080
1070
1060
1040
1030

724
715
707
697
687

1280
1260
1250
1230
1210

853
843
832
821
809

16
17
18
19
20

645
630
614
598
582

429
419
409
398
387

785
766
747
727
707

522
509
497
483
470

352
348
344
339
334

234
231
228
225
222

507
499
492
484
476

337
332
327
322
316

636
626
616
605
594

423
416
410
403
395

831
818
804
790
775

553
544
535
525
516

1010
1000
984
966
948

677
666
655
643
630

1190
1170
1150
1130
1110

797
783
770
755
741

21
22
23
24
25

566
549
531
514
497

376
365
353
342
330

686
665
643
622
600

456
442
428
413
399

329
324
319
313
308

219
215
212
208
205

467
459
450
440
431

311
305
299
293
287

583
571
559
547
535

388
380
372
364
355

760
744
729
712
696

506
495
485
474
463

929
909
889
869
848

618
605
592
578
564

1090
1060
1040
1010
994

725
710
694
678
661

26
27
28
29
30

479
461
444
426
409

318
307
295
283
272

578
556
534
512
491

384
370
355
341
326

302
296
290
284
278

201
197
193
189
185

422
412
402
392
382

280
274
267
261
254

522
509
496
483
470

347
339
330
321
312

679
662
644
627
609

451
440
429
417
405

827
806
784
762
741

550
536
522
507
493

968
943
917
891
865

644
627
610
593
575

31
32
33
34
35

391
374
358
341
325

260
249
238
227
216

470
448
428
407
387

312
298
284
271
258

272
266
260
253
247

181
177
173
168
164

372
362
352
342
332

248
241
234
227
221

456
443
430
416
403

303
295
286
277
268

592
574
556
539
521

393
382
370
358
346

719
697
675
653
631

478
463
449
434
420

838
812
786
760
734

558
540
523
505
488

36
37
38
39
40

309
293
278
263
250

205
195
185
175
166

368
348
330
313
298

244
231
219
208
198

241
234
228
222
215

160
156
152
147
143

322
311
301
291
282

214
207
200
194
187

390
377
364
351
338

259
250
242
233
225

503
486
469
452
435

335
323
312
300
289

609
588
566
545
524

405
391
377
363
349

708
682
657
632
607

471
454
437
420
404

39

Table 10(ad) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

14 x 14
0.625
0.750
0.875
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
593
395
807
537 1100 736 1360 907 1610 1070 1850 1230
593
394
807
536 1100 736 1360 906 1610 1070 1850 1230
592
394
805
536 1100 734 1350 904 1600 1070 1840 1230
591
393
803
534 1100 732 1350 902 1600 1060 1840 1220
589
392
801
533 1090 730 1350 899 1600 1060 1830 1220

16 x 16
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
843
560 1270 848
842
560 1270 847
841
559 1270 846
840
559 1260 844
838
557 1260 842

6
7
8
9
10

588
585
583
580
577

391
389
388
386
384

798
795
791
786
782

531
529
526
523
520

1090
1080
1080
1070
1060

727
724
720
716
711

1340
1340
1330
1320
1310

896
891
887
881
875

1590
1580
1570
1560
1550

1060
1050
1040
1040
1030

1830
1820
1810
1800
1780

1210
1210
1200
1190
1180

836
834
831
828
824

556
554
553
550
548

1260
1250
1250
1240
1240

840
837
834
830
826

11
12
13
14
15

573
570
566
561
557

381
379
376
373
370

776
770
764
757
750

516
512
508
504
499

1060
1050
1040
1030
1020

706
700
694
688
681

1300
1290
1280
1270
1250

869
862
854
846
837

1540
1530
1510
1500
1480

1020
1010
1010
1000
989

1770
1750
1740
1720
1700

1180
1170
1150
1140
1130

820
816
811
806
801

545
543
540
536
533

1230
1220
1210
1210
1200

821
816
811
805
799

16
17
18
19
20

552
547
541
536
530

367
364
360
356
352

743
735
726
718
708

494
489
483
477
471

1010
1000
989
976
963

674
666
658
649
641

1240
1230
1210
1190
1180

828
818
808
798
787

1470
1450
1430
1410
1390

978
967
954
942
928

1680
1660
1640
1620
1590

1120
1100
1090
1070
1060

795
790
783
777
770

529
525
521
517
512

1190
1180
1170
1150
1140

792
786
778
771
763

21
22
23
24
25

524
517
511
504
497

348
344
340
335
330

699
689
679
669
658

465
458
452
445
438

949
935
921
906
890

631
622
612
602
592

1160
1140
1130
1110
1090

775
763
751
739
726

1370
1350
1330
1300
1280

915
901
886
871
855

1570
1550
1520
1490
1470

1040
1030
1010
996
978

763
755
748
740
732

507
502
497
492
487

1130
1120
1100
1090
1080

755
746
737
728
719

26
27
28
29
30

490
482
475
467
460

326
321
316
311
306

647
636
625
613
601

430
423
415
408
400

875
859
842
826
809

582
571
560
549
538

1070
1050
1030
1010
990

713
700
686
672
658

1260
1230
1210
1180
1160

840
824
807
791
774

1440
1410
1380
1350
1320

960
941
922
903
883

723
715
706
697
688

481
475
469
463
457

1060
1050
1030
1020
1000

709
699
689
679
668

31
32
33
34
35

452
444
436
427
419

300
295
290
284
279

589
577
565
553
541

392
384
376
368
359

792
775
757
740
722

527
515
504
492
480

968
947
925
903
881

644
630
615
601
586

1130
1110
1080
1060
1030

757
740
723
705
688

1290
1260
1230
1200
1170

863
843
823
803
783

678
669
659
649
639

451
445
438
432
425

989
972
956
939
922

658
647
636
625
613

36
37
38
39
40

411
402
394
385
377

273
267
262
256
250

528
516
503
491
478

351
343
335
326
318

704
687
669
651
633

468
457
445
433
421

859
837
815
793
771

572
557
542
528
513

1000
981
955
928
902

670
653
635
617
600

1140
1110
1080
1050
1020

762
742
722
701
681

629
618
608
597
587

418
411
404
397
390

905
887
870
852
835

602
590
579
567
555

40

Table 10(ae) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design
1
2
3
4
5

16 x 16
0.750
0.875
0.625
0.581
0.698
0.814
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1570 1040 1860 1240 2140 1420
1570 1040 1860 1240 2140 1420
1560 1040 1860 1230 2140 1420
1560 1040 1850 1230 2130 1420
1560 1030 1850 1230 2130 1410

18 x 18
0.875
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1440 959 1780 1180 2110 1400 2440 1620
1440 959 1780 1180 2110 1400 2430 1620
1430 958 1770 1180 2110 1400 2430 1620
1430 956 1770 1180 2110 1400 2430 1610
1430 954 1770 1170 2100 1400 2420 1610

20 x 20
0.500
0.465
LRDF ASD
1580 1050
1580 1050
1580 1050
1580 1050
1570 1040

6
7
8
9
10

1550
1550
1540
1530
1530

1030
1030
1020
1020
1010

1840
1840
1830
1820
1810

1220
1220
1210
1210
1200

2120
2110
2110
2100
2080

1410
1400
1400
1390
1380

1430
1420
1420
1410
1410

952
950
947
943
940

1760
1760
1750
1750
1740

1170
1170
1170
1160
1160

2100
2090
2080
2080
2070

1390
1390
1380
1380
1370

2420
2410
2400
2390
2380

1610
1600
1600
1590
1580

1570
1570
1560
1560
1550

1040
1040
1040
1040
1030

11
12
13
14
15

1520
1510
1500
1490
1480

1010
1000
1000
993
985

1800
1790
1780
1760
1750

1200
1190
1180
1170
1160

2070
2060
2040
2030
2010

1380
1370
1360
1350
1340

1400
1400
1390
1380
1370

936
931
926
921
916

1730
1720
1720
1710
1700

1150
1150
1140
1130
1130

2060
2050
2040
2030
2010

1370
1360
1350
1350
1340

2370
2360
2350
2330
2320

1580
1570
1560
1550
1540

1550
1540
1540
1530
1520

1030
1020
1020
1020
1010

16
17
18
19
20

1460
1450
1440
1420
1410

977
968
959
949
939

1730
1720
1700
1690
1670

1150
1140
1130
1120
1110

2000
1980
1960
1940
1920

1330
1310
1300
1290
1270

1360
1350
1340
1330
1320

910
904
897
890
883

1680
1670
1660
1650
1630

1120
1110
1100
1090
1090

2000
1990
1970
1950
1940

1330
1320
1310
1300
1290

2300
2290
2270
2250
2230

1530
1520
1510
1500
1480

1510
1510
1500
1490
1480

1010
1000
999
993
987

21
22
23
24
25

1390
1380
1360
1340
1320

929
918
907
896
884

1650
1630
1610
1590
1570

1100
1080
1070
1060
1040

1890
1870
1850
1820
1800

1260
1240
1230
1210
1200

1310
1300
1290
1280
1260

875
868
860
851
843

1620
1600
1590
1570
1560

1080
1070
1060
1050
1030

1920
1900
1890
1870
1850

1280
1270
1250
1240
1230

2210
2190
2170
2150
2130

1470
1460
1440
1430
1410

1470
1460
1450
1440
1420

980
973
966
958
951

26
27
28
29
30

1310
1290
1270
1250
1230

872
860
847
834
821

1550
1520
1500
1480
1450

1030
1010
1000
985
970

1770
1750
1720
1690
1670

1180
1160
1140
1130
1110

1250
1240
1220
1210
1190

834
825
815
806
796

1540
1520
1510
1490
1470

1020
1010
1000
993
981

1830
1810
1790
1760
1740

1210
1200
1190
1170
1160

2100
2080
2050
2030
2000

1400
1380
1360
1350
1330

1410
1400
1390
1370
1360

943
935
926
918
909

31
32
33
34
35

1210
1190
1170
1150
1130

808
794
780
766
752

1430
1400
1380
1350
1330

954
937
921
904
887

1640
1610
1580
1550
1520

1090
1070
1050
1030
1010

1180
1160
1150
1130
1110

786
776
765
755
744

1450
1430
1410
1390
1370

968
955
942
929
916

1720
1700
1670
1650
1620

1140
1130
1110
1100
1080

1980
1950
1920
1890
1870

1310
1300
1280
1260
1240

1350
1330
1320
1310
1290

900
890
881
871
862

36
37
38
39
40

1110
1080
1060
1040
1020

738
724
709
695
680

1300
1280
1250
1220
1200

870
853
835
818
800

1490
1460
1430
1400
1370

995
975
955
934
914

1100
1080
1060
1050
1030

733
722
711
700
688

1350
1330
1310
1290
1270

902
888
875
860
846

1600
1570
1550
1520
1500

1060
1050
1030
1010
1000

1840
1810
1780
1750
1720

1220
1200
1180
1160
1140

1280
1260
1240
1230
1210

852
841
831
821
810

41

Table 10(af) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design
1
2
3
4
5

20 x 20
0.625
0.750
0.875
0.581
0.814
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1990 1320 2360 1570 2730 1810
1990 1320 2360 1570 2730 1810
1980 1320 2360 1570 2730 1810
1980 1320 2360 1570 2720 1810
1980 1310 2350 1560 2720 1810

22 x 22
0.750
0.698
LRDF ASD
2610 1740
2610 1740
2610 1740
2610 1730
2610 1730

6
7
8
9
10

1970
1970
1970
1960
1950

1310
1310
1310
1300
1300

2350
2340
2340
2330
2320

1560
1560
1550
1550
1540

2710
2710
2700
2690
2680

1800
1800
1790
1790
1780

2600
2600
2590
2590
2580

1730
1730
1720
1720
1710

11
12
13
14
15

1950
1940
1930
1920
1910

1290
1290
1280
1280
1270

2310
2310
2300
2290
2270

1540
1530
1530
1520
1510

2670
2660
2650
2640
2620

1780
1770
1760
1750
1740

2570
2560
2550
2540
2530

1710
1700
1700
1690
1680

16
17
18
19
20

1900
1890
1880
1870
1860

1260
1260
1250
1240
1230

2260
2250
2240
2220
2210

1500
1490
1490
1480
1470

2610
2600
2580
2560
2550

1730
1720
1710
1700
1690

2520
2510
2500
2490
2470

1680
1670
1660
1650
1640

21
22
23
24
25

1840
1830
1820
1800
1790

1220
1220
1210
1200
1190

2190
2170
2160
2140
2120

1460
1450
1430
1420
1410

2530
2510
2490
2470
2450

1680
1670
1650
1640
1630

2460
2440
2430
2410
2390

1630
1620
1610
1600
1590

26
27
28
29
30

1770
1760
1740
1720
1710

1180
1170
1160
1140
1130

2100
2090
2070
2050
2020

1400
1390
1370
1360
1350

2430
2400
2380
2360
2330

1610
1600
1580
1570
1550

2380
2360
2340
2320
2300

1580
1570
1560
1540
1530

31
32
33
34
35

1690
1670
1650
1630
1610

1120
1110
1100
1080
1070

2000
1980
1960
1940
1910

1330
1320
1300
1290
1270

2310
2280
2260
2230
2200

1530
1520
1500
1480
1460

2280
2260
2240
2220
2200

1520
1500
1490
1480
1460

36
37
38
39
40

1590
1570
1550
1530
1510

1060
1050
1030
1020
1010

1890
1870
1840
1820
1790

1260
1240
1220
1210
1190

2180
2150
2120
2090
2060

1450
1430
1410
1390
1370

2180
2160
2130
2110
2090

1450
1430
1420
1400
1390

42

Table 10(ag) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
65.7 43.7
62.4 41.5
57.2 38.0
50.7 33.7
43.4 28.8

3x2
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
68.1 45.3 87.1 57.9
64.6 43.0 82.3 54.8
59.2 39.4 75.0 49.9
52.4 34.9 65.8 43.7
44.8 29.8 55.6 37.0

4x2
0.180
0.250
0.188
0.167
0.233
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
80.6 53.6 83.6 55.6 107 71.7
76.8 51.0 79.6 52.9 102 68.1
70.8 47.1 73.4 48.8 93.8 62.4
63.2 42.0 65.5 43.5 83.0 55.2
54.7 36.4 56.5 37.6 71.0 47.2

4x3
0.180
0.188
0.167
0.174
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
96.2 64.0 99.9 66.4
94.1 62.6 97.7 65.0
90.6 60.3 94.1 62.6
86.1 57.2 89.3 59.4
80.5 53.5 83.5 55.5

6
7
8
9
10

35.9
28.6
22.1
17.5
14.2

23.8
19.0
14.7
11.6
9.45

37.0
29.5
22.8
18.0
14.6

24.6
19.6
15.1
11.9
9.71

45.2
35.5
27.2
21.5
17.4

30.1
23.6
18.1
14.3
11.5

45.8
37.1
29.0
22.9
18.6

30.4
24.7
19.3
15.2
12.3

47.3
38.2
29.9
23.6
19.1

31.4
25.4
19.9
15.7
12.7

58.6
46.8
36.1
28.5
23.1

39.0
31.1
24.0
19.0
15.4

74.2
67.3
60.2
53.1
46.1

49.3
44.8
40.1
35.3
30.7

76.9
69.8
62.4
54.9
47.7

51.1
46.4
41.5
36.5
31.7

11
12
13
14
15

11.7
9.86
8.40

7.81
6.56
5.59

12.0
10.1

8.03
6.74

14.3
12.0

9.58
8.05

15.3
12.9
11.0

10.2
8.60
7.33

15.8
13.3
11.3

10.5
8.85
7.54

19.1
16.0

12.7
10.7

39.4
33.2
28.3
24.4
21.3

26.2
22.1
18.8
16.2
14.1

40.8
34.3
29.2
25.2
22.0

27.1
22.8
19.4
16.8
14.6

18.7
16.5
14.7
13.2

12.4
11.0
9.84
8.83

19.3
17.1
15.2
13.7

12.8
11.3
10.1
9.12

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

43

Table 10(ah) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

4x3
0.250
0.233
LRDF ASD
129 86.2
126 84.2
121 81.0
115 76.7
107 71.5

5x2
0.188
0.250
0.180
0.233
0.174
0.167
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
95.4 63.5 99.1 65.9 128 85.5
91.1 60.6 94.5 62.9 122 81.3
84.3 56.1 87.5 58.2 112 74.9
75.7 50.3 78.4 52.2 100 66.6
65.8 43.8 68.2 45.3 86.3 57.4

5x3
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
111 73.9 115 76.8 150
100
183
121
108 72.4 113 75.2 147 97.9 178
118
105 69.9 109 72.6 141 94.4 172
114
100 66.5 103 69.1 134 89.6 163
108
93.9 62.5 97.4 64.8 126 83.9 152
101

6
7
8
9
10

98.6
89.1
79.2
69.3
59.8

65.6
59.2
52.7
46.1
39.7

55.5
45.4
35.9
28.4
23.0

36.9
30.2
23.9
18.9
15.3

57.4
46.9
37.0
29.3
23.7

38.2
31.2
24.6
19.4
15.7

71.9
57.9
45.1
35.6
28.9

47.8
38.5
30.0
23.7
19.2

86.9
79.3
71.4
63.3
55.4

57.8
52.7
47.5
42.1
36.8

90.1
82.2
74.0
65.6
57.3

60.0
54.7
49.2
43.6
38.1

116
105
94.5
83.4
72.4

77.3
70.2
62.9
55.4
48.2

139
126
112
98.7
85.2

92.9
84.0
74.8
65.6
56.7

11
12
13
14
15

50.7
42.6
36.3
31.3
27.2

33.7
28.3
24.1
20.8
18.1

19.0
15.9
13.6

12.6
10.6
9.06

19.6
16.4
14.0

13.0
10.9
9.34

23.8
20.0
17.1

15.8
13.3
11.3

47.8
40.6
34.6
29.8
25.9

31.8
27.0
23.0
19.8
17.2

49.4
41.9
35.7
30.8
26.8

32.9
27.9
23.7
20.5
17.8

62.0
52.3
44.6
38.4
33.5

41.3
34.8
29.6
25.5
22.2

72.4
60.9
51.9
44.7
38.9

48.2
40.5
34.5
29.7
25.9

16
17
18
19
20

23.9
21.2
18.9
17.0

15.9
14.1
12.6
11.3

22.8
20.2
18.0
16.1
14.6

15.1
13.4
12.0
10.7
9.72

23.6
20.9
18.6
16.7
15.1

15.7
13.9
12.4
11.1
10.0

29.4
26.0
23.2
20.8

19.5
17.3
15.4
13.8

34.2
30.3
27.0
24.2

22.7
20.1
18.0
16.1

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

44

Table 10(ai) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

5x3
0.375
0.349
LRDF ASD
213
142
208
138
200
133
189
125
175
117

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
110 73.4
105 70.1
97.8 65.1
88.1 58.6
77.0 51.2

6x2
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
114 76.2 149 99.3
109 72.8 142 94.6
101 67.5 131 87.3
91.3 60.7 117 78.0
79.7 53.0 101 67.5

6x3
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
126 83.9 131 87.2 171
114
209
139
123 82.2 128 85.4 167
111
204
136
119 79.5 124 82.6 161
107
197
131
114 75.8 118 78.7 154
102
187
124
107 71.3 111 74.1 144 96.2 175
116

6
7
8
9
10

160
144
128
111
95.9

107
96.3
85.3
74.4
63.8

65.3
53.7
42.8
33.8
27.4

43.4
35.7
28.5
22.5
18.2

67.5
55.5
44.2
34.9
28.2

44.9
36.9
29.4
23.2
18.8

85.0
69.0
54.1
42.7
34.6

56.5
45.9
36.0
28.4
23.0

99.5
91.2
82.4
73.4
64.6

66.2
60.6
54.8
48.8
42.9

103
94.6
85.4
76.1
66.9

68.7
62.9
56.8
50.6
44.5

133
122
109
97.2
85.0

89.0
81.1
72.9
64.7
56.5

161
146
131
115
100

107
97.5
87.2
76.9
66.8

11
12
13
14
15

80.8
67.9
57.8
49.9
43.4

53.7
45.1
38.5
33.2
28.9

22.6
19.0
16.2

15.0
12.6
10.8

23.3
19.6
16.7

15.5
13.0
11.1

28.6
24.0
20.4

19.0
16.0
13.6

56.0
47.9
40.8
35.2
30.6

37.3
31.8
27.1
23.4
20.4

58.0
49.5
42.2
36.3
31.7

38.6
32.9
28.0
24.2
21.0

73.2
62.1
52.9
45.6
39.7

48.7
41.3
35.2
30.3
26.4

86.0
72.5
61.8
53.3
46.4

57.2
48.2
41.1
35.4
30.9

16
17
18
19
20

38.2
33.8
30.1
27.0

25.4
22.5
20.0
18.0

26.9
23.8
21.2
19.1
17.2

17.9
15.8
14.1
12.7
11.4

27.8
24.6
22.0
19.7
17.8

18.5
16.4
14.6
13.1
11.8

34.9
30.9
27.6
24.7
22.3

23.2
20.5
18.3
16.4
14.8

40.8
36.1
32.2
28.9

27.1
24.0
21.4
19.2

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

45

Table 10(aj) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

6x3
0.375
0.349
LRDF ASD
244
162
239
159
230
153
217
145
203
135

6x4
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
141 94.1 147 97.8 192
128
235
156
276
184
139 93.0 145 96.6 190
126
232
154
273
181
137 91.2 142 94.8 186
124
228
151
267
177
133 88.7 138 92.2 181
120
221
147
259
172
128 85.6 133 89.0 174
116
213
141
249
165

7x5
0.313
0.375
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
288
191
339
226
286
190
337
224
282
187
332
221
277
184
326
217
270
180
318
211

6
7
8
9
10

186
168
150
131
113

124
112
100
87.7
75.7

123
117
110
103
95.8

82.0
77.9
73.4
68.7
63.8

128
121
114
107
99.5

85.2
80.9
76.3
71.3
66.2

167
158
149
139
128

111
105
99.2
92.5
85.6

203
192
180
168
155

135
128
120
112
103

237
224
210
195
179

158
149
139
129
119

262
253
244
233
221

174
168
162
155
147

309
298
286
273
259

205
198
190
181
172

11
12
13
14
15

96.8
81.3
69.3
59.7
52.0

64.4
54.1
46.1
39.7
34.6

88.2
80.6
73.1
65.7
58.6

58.7
53.6
48.6
43.7
39.0

91.6
83.6
75.8
68.1
60.7

60.9
55.6
50.4
45.3
40.4

118
107
97.2
87.0
77.3

78.6
71.6
64.6
57.9
51.4

142
129
116
103
91.6

94.6
85.8
77.2
68.9
60.9

164
148
133
118
104

109
98.7
88.5
78.7
69.2

209
197
184
171
159

139
131
122
114
105

245
230
215
199
184

163
153
143
132
122

16
17
18
19
20

45.7
40.5
36.1
32.4

30.4
26.9
24.0
21.5

51.8
45.9
40.9
36.7
33.1

34.4
30.5
27.2
24.4
22.0

53.6
47.5
42.4
38.0
34.3

35.7
31.6
28.2
25.3
22.8

68.0
60.3
53.8
48.2
43.5

45.3
40.1
35.7
32.1
28.9

80.5
71.3
63.6
57.1
51.5

53.6
47.4
42.3
38.0
34.3

91.4
81.0
72.2
64.8
58.5

60.8
53.8
48.0
43.1
38.9

146
134
122
110
99.9

97.5
89.3
81.4
73.7
66.5

169
155
140
127
114

112
103
94
85
76.3

21
22
23
24
25

30.0
27.4
25.0
23.0
21.2

20.0
18.2
16.6
15.3
14.1

31.1
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.9

20.7
18.8
17.2
15.8
14.6

39.5
36.0
32.9
30.2
27.8

26.2
23.9
21.9
20.1
18.5

46.7
42.6
38.9
35.8
33.0

31.1
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.9

53.0
48.3
44.2
40.6
37.4

35.3
32.1
29.4
27.0
24.9

90.6
82.6
75.6
69.4
63.9

60.3
54.9
50.3
46.1
42.5

104
95
87
79.6
73.4

69.2
63.0
57.7
53.0
48.8

26
27
28
29
30

19.6
18.2

13.0
12.1

20.3
18.8

13.5
12.5

25.7

17.1

30.5

20.3

59.1
54.8
51.0
47.5
44.4

39.3
36.5
33.9
31.6
29.5

67.8
62.9
58.5
54.5
50.9

45.1
41.8
38.9
36.3
33.9

41.6
39.0
36.7

27.6
25.9
24.4

47.7
44.8

31.7
29.8

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

46

Table 10(ak) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

0.180
0.167
LRDF ASD
153
102
151
101
149 99.4
145 97.1
141 94.2

8x4
0.313
0.375
0.188
0.250
0.174
0.291
0.349
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
162
108
234
156
288
191
339
225
161
107
232
154
284
189
335
223
158
105
227
151
279
185
328
218
154
102
221
147
271
180
319
212
150 99.8 214
142
262
174
307
204

8x6
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
183
122
194
129
277
184
182
121
193
128
275
183
181
120
191
127
273
181
179
119
189
126
269
179
176
117
186
124
265
176

6
7
8
9
10

136
130
124
117
110

90.9
87.1
82.9
78.3
73.6

144
138
131
124
116

96.1
92.0
87.4
82.6
77.4

205
195
184
172
160

136
129
122
115
106

250
238
224
210
194

166
158
149
139
129

294
279
262
245
226

195
185
174
163
150

173
170
166
161
157

115
113
110
107
104

183
179
175
170
165

122
119
116
113
110

260
254
247
240
232

173
169
164
159
154

11
12
13
14
15

103
95.7
88.1
80.6
73.2

68.6
63.6
58.6
53.6
48.7

108
100
92.2
84.1
76.3

72.1
66.7
61.3
56.0
50.7

148
135
123
111
99.6

98.7
90.3
82.1
74.1
66.3

179
163
148
133
119

119
109
98.8
88.8
79.2

208
189
171
153
136

138
126
113
102
90.7

151
146
140
134
128

101
97.4
93.6
89.7
85.6

160
154
148
141
135

106
102
98.5
94.3
90.0

223
214
205
195
185

148
142
136
130
123

16
17
18
19
20

66.1
59.2
52.8
47.4
42.8

44.0
39.4
35.1
31.5
28.4

68.7
61.3
54.7
49.1
44.3

45.7
40.8
36.4
32.6
29.5

88.3
78.2
69.8
62.6
56.5

58.8
52.0
46.4
41.6
37.6

105
93.1
83.0
74.5
67.2

69.9
61.9
55.2
49.6
44.7

120
106
94.8
85.1
76.8

79.8
70.7
63.1
56.6
51.1

122
116
110
103
97.6

81.5
77.4
73.2
69.0
64.9

128
121
115
108
101

85.6
81.1
76.7
72.2
67.8

175
165
155
145
135

116
110
103
96.9
90.4

21
22
23
24
25

38.8
35.3
32.3
29.7
27.3

25.8
23.5
21.5
19.7
18.2

40.2
36.6
33.5
30.7
28.3

26.7
24.3
22.3
20.4
18.8

51.3
46.7
42.7
39.2
36.2

34.1
31.1
28.4
26.1
24.0

61.0
55.6
50.8
46.7
43.0

40.6
37.0
33.8
31.0
28.6

69.6
63.4
58.0
53.3
49.1

46.3
42.2
38.6
35.4
32.7

91.4
85.4
79.5
73.8
68.1

60.8
56.8
52.9
49.1
45.3

95.4
89.0
82.7
76.7
70.7

63.4
59.2
55.0
51.0
47.0

126
116
107
99.0
91.3

84.0
77.8
71.7
65.9
60.7

26
27
28
29
30

25.3
23.4
21.8

16.8
15.6
14.5

26.2
24.3
22.6

17.4
16.1
15.0

33.4
31.0

22.2
20.6

39.8
36.9

26.4
24.5

45.4

30.2

63.0
58.4
54.3
50.6
47.3

41.9
38.8
36.1
33.7
31.5

65.4
60.6
56.3
52.5
49.1

43.5
40.3
37.5
34.9
32.6

84.4
78.2
72.7
67.8
63.4

56.1
52.0
48.4
45.1
42.1

31
32
33
34
35

44.3
41.6
39.1
36.8
34.7

29.5
27.6
26.0
24.5
23.1

46.0
43.1
40.5
38.2
36.0

30.6
28.7
27.0
25.4
24.0

59.3
55.7
52.4
49.3
46.5

39.5
37.0
34.8
32.8
30.9

36
37
38
39
40

32.8
31.1
29.5
28.0
26.6

21.8
20.7
19.6
18.6
17.7

34.1
32.2
30.6
29.0
27.6

22.6
21.4
20.3
19.3
18.3

44.0
41.6
39.5
37.5
35.6

29.2
27.7
26.2
24.9
23.7

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

47

Table 10(al) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

8x6
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
340
226
402
268
520
346
339
225
400
266
517
344
336
223
396
264
512
341
331
220
391
260
505
336
326
217
385
256
497
330

10 x 4
0.313
0.375
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
340
226
402
267
336
223
397
264
330
219
389
259
321
213
379
252
310
206
366
243

10 x 6
0.180
0.188
0.250
0.167
0.174
0.233
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
188
125
200
133
301
200
188
125
199
132
299
199
186
124
197
131
297
197
185
123
196
130
294
195
182
121
193
128
290
192

6
7
8
9
10

319
312
303
294
284

212
207
202
196
189

377
368
358
347
334

251
245
238
230
222

486
474
460
445
429

323
315
306
296
285

298
283
268
251
234

198
188
178
167
155

350
333
314
294
273

233
221
209
195
181

180
177
173
169
165

119
117
115
112
109

190
187
183
179
174

126
124
122
119
116

284
279
272
265
257

189
185
181
176
171

11
12
13
14
15

273
262
250
238
226

182
174
166
158
150

322
308
294
280
265

214
205
195
186
176

412
393
375
355
336

274
262
249
236
223

216
198
180
162
146

143
131
120
108
97.1

252
230
209
188
168

167
153
139
125
111

160
155
150
145
139

106
103
100
96.6
92.9

169
164
158
153
147

112
109
105
101
97.8

248
239
230
220
210

165
159
153
146
140

16
17
18
19
20

214
201
189
176
164

142
134
125
117
109

250
235
220
205
191

166
156
146
136
127

316
296
277
257
238

210
197
184
171
158

129
114
102
92.0
83.0

86.3
76.4
68.2
61.2
55.2

148
131
117
105
95.1

98.8
87.6
78.1
70.1
63.2

133
128
122
116
110

89.1
85.2
81.3
77.3
73.4

140
134
128
121
115

93.7
89.6
85.3
81.1
76.9

200
190
179
169
159

133
126
119
112
105

21
22
23
24
25

152
141
129
119
109

101
93.9
86.4
79.3
73.1

177
163
150
137
127

117
108
99.8
91.7
84.5

220
202
185
170
156

146
134
123
113
104

75.3
68.6
62.7
57.6
53.1

50.1
45.6
41.7
38.3
35.3

86.2
78.6
71.9
66.0
60.8

57.4
52.3
47.8
43.9
40.5

104
98.5
92.7
87.0
81.4

69.4
65.5
61.7
57.9
54.2

109
102
96.8
90.7
84.8

72.6
68.5
64.4
60.3
56.4

149
139
129
120
110

99.1
92.5
86.1
79.8
73.6

26
27
28
29
30

101
94.2
87.6
81.6
76.3

67.6
62.7
58.3
54.3
50.7

117
108
101
94.4
88.2

78.1
72.4
67.3
62.8
58.6

145
134
125
116
108

96.5
89.4
83.2
77.5
72.4

49.1
45.5

32.6
30.3

56.2
52.1

37.4
34.7

76.0
70.6
65.7
61.2
57.2

50.6
47.0
43.7
40.7
38.0

79.0
73.3
68.2
63.5
59.4

52.6
48.8
45.3
42.3
39.5

102
94.9
88.3
82.3
76.9

68.1
63.1
58.7
54.7
51.1

31
32
33
34
35

71.4
67.0
63.0
59.4
56.0

47.5
44.6
41.9
39.5
37.3

82.6
77.5
72.9
68.6
64.8

54.9
51.5
48.5
45.6
43.1

102
95.7
90.0
84.8
80.0

67.8
63.7
59.9
56.4
53.2

53.6
50.3
47.3
44.5
42.0

35.6
33.4
31.4
29.6
27.9

55.6
52.2
49.1
46.2
43.6

37.0
34.7
32.6
30.7
29.0

72.0
67.6
63.5
59.8
56.5

47.9
44.9
42.2
39.8
37.6

36
37
38
39
40

53.0
50.1
47.5
45.1
42.9

35.2
33.3
31.6
30.0
28.5

61.2
57.9
54.9
52.1

40.7
38.5
36.5
34.7

75.6
71.6
67.9

50.3
47.6
45.1

39.7
37.6
35.6
33.8
32.2

26.4
25.0
23.7
22.5
21.4

41.2
39.0
37.0
35.1
33.4

27.4
25.9
24.6
23.3
22.2

53.4
50.5
47.9
45.5
43.2

35.5
33.6
31.8
30.2
28.7

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

48

Table 10(am) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

10 x 6
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
393
261
465
309
604
402
391
260
463
308
601
399
387
258
459
305
595
396
383
254
453
301
588
391
377
251
446
296
578
384

12 x 4
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.233
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
268
178
374
249
464
309
266
177
370
246
459
305
262
174
364
242
450
300
256
170
355
236
439
292
250
166
344
229
424
282

10 x 8
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
528
351
688
458
527
350
686
456
524
348
682
454
520
346
677
450
515
343
671
446

6
7
8
9
10

370
361
352
342
331

246
240
234
227
220

437
427
416
404
390

291
284
277
268
260

566
553
538
521
503

377
368
358
346
335

241
232
222
211
199

160
154
148
140
132

331
316
300
283
265

220
210
199
188
176

407
387
366
343
319

270
257
243
228
212

510
503
495
486
477

339
334
329
323
317

663
654
643
632
619

441
435
428
420
412

11
12
13
14
15

319
307
294
280
266

212
204
195
186
177

376
361
346
329
313

250
240
230
219
208

484
464
443
421
399

322
308
294
280
266

187
175
162
149
137

124
116
108
100
91.3

246
227
208
189
171

163
151
138
126
113

295
270
246
222
199

196
180
164
148
132

467
456
444
432
419

310
303
295
287
279

605
591
575
559
542

403
393
382
372
360

16
17
18
19
20

253
238
224
210
197

168
158
149
140
131

296
279
263
246
230

197
186
175
164
153

377
355
333
311
289

251
236
221
206
192

125
113
101
91.4
82.5

83.2
75.4
67.7
60.8
54.9

153
136
121
109
98.7

102
90.9
81.1
72.8
65.7

177
157
140
125
113

117
104
93.1
83.6
75.4

406
392
378
364
350

270
261
252
242
233

524
506
487
468
449

348
336
324
311
299

21
22
23
24
25

183
170
157
145
133

122
113
104
96.5
88.9

213
198
183
168
155

142
131
121
111
103

268
247
227
209
192

178
164
151
139
128

74.8
68.2
62.4
57.3
52.8

49.8
45.3
41.5
38.1
35.1

89.5
81.6
74.6
68.5
63.2

59.6
54.3
49.6
45.6
42.0

102
93.7
85.7
78.7
72.5

68.4
62.3
57.0
52.4
48.3

335
321
306
292
277

223
213
204
194
184

430
411
391
372
353

286
273
260
247
235

26
27
28
29
30

123
114
106
99.4
92.8

82.2
76.2
70.9
66.1
61.8

143
132
123
115
107

95.3
88.4
82.2
76.6
71.6

178
165
153
143
133

118
109
102
95.3
89.0

48.8
45.2
42.1

32.4
30.1
28.0

58.4
54.1
50.3

38.8
36.0
33.5

67.1
62.2

44.6
41.4

263
249
235
222
209

175
165
156
147
139

334
316
298
280
263

222
210
198
186
175

31
32
33
34
35

86.9
81.6
76.7
72.3
68.2

57.8
54.3
51.0
48.1
45.4

100
94.6
88.9
83.8
79.1

67.0
62.9
59.2
55.7
52.6

125
117
110
104
98.3

83.4
78.2
73.5
69.3
65.4

195
183
172
162
153

130
122
115
108
102

246
231
217
204
193

164
153
144
136
128

36
37
38
39
40

64.5
61.0
57.8
54.9
52.2

42.9
40.6
38.5
36.5
34.7

74.7
70.7
67.1
63.7
60.5

49.7
47.0
44.6
42.3
40.2

92.9
87.9
83.4
79.1

61.8
58.5
55.5
52.6

145
137
130
123
117

96.6
91.5
86.7
82.3
78.2

182
173
164
155
148

121
115
109
103
98.5

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

49

Table 10(an) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

12 x 6
0.500
0.375
0.465
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
528
351
688
457
525
349
684
455
521
346
678
451
515
342
670
445
507
337
659
438

12 x 8
0.500
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.465
0.233
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
353
234
480
319
591
393
772
513
352
234
478
318
589
392
769
512
350
233
476
317
586
390
765
509
348
232
473
314
582
387
760
506
346
230
469
312
577
384
753
501

14 x 6
0.313
0.375
0.291
0.349
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
441
293
573
381
439
292
570
379
435
290
566
376
431
287
560
372
426
283
552
367

6
7
8
9
10

497
487
474
461
446

331
324
315
306
297

646
632
615
597
577

430
420
409
397
384

342
339
334
330
325

228
225
222
219
216

464
458
452
445
437

309
305
301
296
291

571
564
555
546
536

380
375
369
363
356

745
735
724
711
698

495
489
481
473
464

419
411
403
393
382

279
273
268
261
254

542
531
518
504
489

360
353
345
335
325

11
12
13
14
15

431
414
397
379
361

286
275
264
252
240

556
534
511
487
462

370
355
339
324
307

319
313
306
299
292

212
208
204
199
194

429
419
410
400
389

285
279
272
266
259

525
513
501
488
474

349
341
333
324
315

683
667
650
633
614

454
444
432
421
408

371
359
346
333
320

247
239
230
222
213

473
456
438
419
400

315
303
291
279
266

16
17
18
19
20

342
324
305
286
268

228
215
203
190
178

438
413
388
363
339

291
274
258
241
225

285
277
269
261
252

189
184
179
173
168

378
366
354
342
330

251
243
236
228
219

460
445
430
414
399

306
296
286
275
265

595
575
555
535
514

396
383
369
356
342

306
292
277
263
249

203
194
184
175
165

381
361
342
322
303

253
240
227
214
201

21
22
23
24
25

250
232
215
198
183

166
154
143
132
121

315
292
270
248
228

210
194
179
165
152

244
235
226
218
209

162
156
151
145
139

318
305
292
280
267

211
203
194
186
178

383
367
351
335
319

255
244
233
223
212

493
472
450
429
408

328
314
299
285
272

235
221
207
193
180

156
147
137
128
120

283
265
246
228
211

188
176
164
152
140

26
27
28
29
30

169
156
145
136
127

112
104
97.0
90.5
84.5

211
195
182
169
158

140
130
121
113
105

200
191
183
174
166

133
127
121
116
110

255
243
230
218
207

169
161
153
145
137

303
288
273
258
243

202
191
181
171
162

388
367
347
328
308

258
244
231
218
205

167
155
144
134
125

111
103
96.2
89.7
83.8

195
180
168
156
146

129
120
111
104
97.5

31
32
33
34
35

119
111
105
98.9
93.3

79.2
74.3
69.8
65.8
62.1

148
139
131
123
116

98.9
92.8
87.2
82.2
77.5

158
149
142
134
126

105
100
94.4
89.1
84.1

195
184
173
163
153

130
122
115
108
102

229
215
202
190
179

152
143
134
126
119

289
271
255
240
227

192
180
170
160
151

117
110
104
98.0
92.5

78.4
73.6
69.2
65.2
61.5

137
128
121
114
107

91.3
85.7
80.5
75.9
71.6

36
37
38
39
40

88.2
83.5
79.2
75.2
71.5

58.7
55.6
52.7
50.0
47.5

110
104
98.9
93.9
89.2

73.3
69.4
65.8
62.4
59.4

119
113
107
101
96.8

79.5
75.3
71.4
67.7
64.4

145
137
130
123
117

96.8
91.6
86.8
82.4
78.4

170
160
152
144
137

113
107
101
96.3
91.6

214
203
192
183
174

142
135
128
121
115

87.4
82.8
78.5
74.5
70.8

58.2
55.1
52.2
49.5
47.1

101
96.3
91.3
86.7
82.4

67.7
64.1
60.7
57.7
54.8

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

50

Table 10(ao) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

1
2
3
4
5

14 x 6
0.500
0.465
LRDF ASD
771
513
767
510
761
506
752
500
740
492

14 x 10
0.625
0.375
0.500
0.349
0.465
0.581
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
699
465
939
625 1150 768
698
464
937
624 1150 766
696
463
934
622 1140 763
693
461
930
619 1140 760
689
458
925
615 1130 755

16 x 8
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
364
242
503
335
654
435
939
625
364
242
502
334
652
434
936
623
362
241
500
332
649
432
932
620
361
240
497
331
646
429
926
616
358
238
494
328
641
426
918
610

6
7
8
9
10

726
710
692
672
651

483
472
460
447
433

684
679
673
666
658

455
452
447
443
438

918
911
902
892
881

611
606
600
593
586

1120
1110
1100
1090
1080

750
743
736
728
719

356
353
349
345
341

237
235
232
230
227

490
485
479
473
466

326
322
319
315
310

635
628
620
611
601

422
418
412
406
400

908
897
884
870
854

604
597
588
579
568

11
12
13
14
15

628
603
578
552
525

417
401
384
367
349

650
640
631
620
609

432
426
419
413
405

869
856
843
828
813

578
570
560
551
541

1060
1040
1030
1010
994

709
698
687
674
661

336
331
325
319
313

223
220
216
212
208

459
451
443
434
424

305
300
294
288
282

591
579
567
554
541

393
385
377
369
360

837
819
800
779
758

557
545
532
518
504

16
17
18
19
20

498
470
443
415
388

331
313
294
276
258

598
586
573
560
547

398
390
381
373
364

797
780
762
744
726

530
519
507
495
483

974
953
931
909
885

648
634
619
604
589

307
300
293
286
278

204
199
195
190
185

414
404
393
382
371

275
269
261
254
247

527
513
498
482
467

350
341
331
321
310

736
713
690
666
641

489
474
459
443
426

21
22
23
24
25

362
336
311
286
264

241
224
207
190
175

534
520
505
491
477

355
346
336
327
317

707
687
668
648
627

470
457
444
431
417

862
837
813
788
763

573
557
541
524
507

271
263
255
247
239

180
175
170
164
159

360
348
336
324
313

239
231
224
216
208

451
435
418
402
386

300
289
278
267
256

617
592
567
542
517

410
394
377
360
344

26
27
28
29
30

244
226
210
196
183

162
150
140
130
122

462
447
432
417
402

307
297
287
277
268

607
587
566
546
525

404
390
377
363
349

737
712
686
661
635

490
473
456
439
422

231
223
215
207
199

154
148
143
137
132

301
289
277
265
253

200
192
184
176
168

369
353
337
321
306

246
235
224
214
203

493
468
444
421
398

328
311
295
280
264

31
32
33
34
35

171
161
151
142
134

114
107
100
95.1
89.7

388
373
358
344
330

258
248
238
229
219

505
485
465
445
426

336
322
309
296
283

610
585
560
536
512

406
389
373
356
340

191
183
175
167
160

127
121
116
111
106

242
231
219
208
198

161
153
146
139
131

290
275
260
246
232

193
183
173
163
154

375
352
331
312
295

249
234
220
207
196

36
37
38
39
40

127
120
114
108
103

84.8
80.3
76.1
72.2
68.7

315
302
288
275
261

210
201
191
183
174

407
388
369
351
333

270
258
246
233
222

488
465
442
420
399

325
309
294
279
265

152
145
137
130
124

101
96.6
91.7
87.0
82.7

187
177
168
159
151

124
118
111
106
101

219
207
197
187
177

146
138
131
124
118

278
263
250
237
225

185
175
166
158
150

Note)
Heavy line indicates KL r equal to or greater than 200.

51

Table 10(ap) Available Strength in Axial Compression, Kips

Fy = 50 ksi

Effective length KL (ft) with respect to least radius of gyration ry

Nominal Size
Nominal
T
Design
1
2
3
4
5

20 x 12
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1200 801 1570 1040 1860 1240
1200 800 1570 1040 1860 1230
1200 798 1560 1040 1850 1230
1190 796 1560 1030 1850 1230
1190 793 1550 1030 1840 1220

24 x 12
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.465
0.581
0.698
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
1440 959 1780 1180 2110 1400
1440 958 1770 1180 2110 1400
1430 956 1770 1180 2100 1400
1430 953 1770 1170 2100 1390
1420 950 1760 1170 2090 1390

6
7
8
9
10

1180
1180
1170
1160
1150

790
786
781
776
770

1540
1540
1530
1510
1500

1030
1020
1010
1010
1000

1830
1820
1810
1800
1780

1220
1210
1200
1190
1180

1420
1410
1400
1390
1380

945
940
935
928
921

1750
1740
1730
1720
1700

1160
1160
1150
1140
1130

2080
2070
2060
2040
2020

1380
1370
1370
1360
1350

11
12
13
14
15

1140
1130
1120
1110
1100

763
756
749
741
732

1490
1470
1460
1440
1420

993
983
973
961
949

1760
1750
1730
1710
1680

1170
1160
1150
1130
1120

1370
1360
1340
1330
1310

913
905
895
886
875

1690
1670
1660
1640
1620

1120
1110
1100
1090
1080

2010
1990
1970
1940
1920

1330
1320
1310
1290
1280

16
17
18
19
20

1080
1070
1050
1040
1020

723
714
704
693
683

1400
1380
1360
1340
1320

937
923
909
895
880

1660
1640
1610
1590
1560

1100
1090
1070
1050
1040

1290
1280
1260
1240
1220

864
853
841
828
815

1600
1580
1550
1530
1500

1060
1050
1030
1020
1000

1890
1870
1840
1810
1780

1260
1240
1220
1200
1180

21
22
23
24
25

1000
992
975
956
938

671
660
648
636
624

1300
1270
1250
1220
1200

865
849
832
816
798

1530
1500
1470
1440
1410

1020
1000
982
962
942

1200
1180
1160
1140
1110

801
788
773
759
744

1480
1450
1430
1400
1370

987
969
951
933
914

1750
1720
1690
1650
1620

1160
1140
1120
1100
1080

26
27
28
29
30

919
900
880
860
840

611
598
585
572
559

1170
1140
1120
1090
1060

781
763
745
727
709

1380
1350
1310
1280
1250

921
899
878
856
834

1090
1070
1040
1020
999

728
713
697
681
665

1340
1310
1280
1250
1220

895
875
856
836
815

1580
1550
1510
1480
1440

1050
1030
1000
985
961

31
32
33
34
35

820
799
779
758
738

545
532
518
504
491

1030
1010
982
954
926

690
672
653
635
616

1220
1180
1150
1110
1080

812
789
767
745
722

975
950
925
900
875

648
632
615
599
582

1190
1160
1130
1100
1070

795
774
754
733
712

1400
1370
1330
1290
1250

936
912
887
862
837

36
37
38
39
40

717
696
676
655
635

477
463
449
436
422

898
870
842
815
787

597
579
560
542
524

1050
1010
985
953
920

700
678
656
634
612

850
825
801
776
751

566
549
532
516
500

1030
1000
977
947
916

691
671
650
630
609

1220
1180
1140
1110
1070

812
787
763
738
714

52

Sect.5 Beam
Beam subjected to flexural loads shall be proportioned to
meet the requirements of allowable bebding stresses given
in Sect. 3-3 and the requirements of deflection.
Formulas to calculate the moments and deflections of
simple beams and cantilevers with various loading
conditions are tabulated in Table 11(a) to Table 11(c).

Sect3-3, the available strength in flexural for square and

rectangular HSS are calculated and given in Table12(a)
and Table12(d). For non-compact and slender crosssections, the tabulated values of F bMn and Mn Wb
have been adjusted to account for the non-compactness
or slenderness.

53

Table 11(a) Moments, Shears, and Deflections

Loading

Moment Diagram

Shear Diagram

corved
RA

x
A

straight
d max.

01

Deflection

Pa
d C =3EI

Mx=P.x

Pa
d max. = 3EI
(1 + 3b
2a)

RA = P

Mmax=P.a

circular

d max.

straight

02

No shears

d C = Ma
2EI

2b
d max.= Ma
2EI(1 + a )

Mmax=Mx=Mc

corved

03

RA

x
C

straight
d max.

Mx=Wx
2a

d C = Wa
8EI

RA = W

Mmax=Wa
2

4b
d max.= Wa
8EI (1 + 3a )

corved
W
C

2W
a

05

b
L

RA = W

RA = W

2W
a

d max. =
3

M max. =W(a+2b
3)

RA = W

RB

RB

M max. =PL
4

C
L

RA

A
RA

L/3

M max. =Pab
L

R A = Pb/L

P
D

b
L
a>c

10

RB

RB

PL
d max. = 48EI

R A= R B=P
2

RA

P
A

d centre

RA

09

d max.

P
A

b+40ab +11b )
W ( 20a +50a60EI

RA

RA

08

Wa (1 + 5b )
d max. = 15EI
4a

L/2

RA

07

straight

Wa
d C = 15EI

Mx=Wx
3a2
M A=Wa
3

corved

RA

b
C

W
d max.= 24EI
x (8a +18a b+
2
2
2
12ab +3b3 +12a c+12abc+4b c)
3

Mmax=W(a+b2)

06

d max.

d max.

04

straight

RA

d max.

No.

RA
c

B
RB

R A = P (b L+ 2c)

M C =Pa(b+2c)
L
MD

R B = P (b L+ 2a)

=Pc(b+2a)
L

L/3
L

R B = Pa/L

RB

dmax. always occurs within

0.0774 L of the center of the beam
3
When b a
3
PL 3a
d centre = 48EI
[ L - 4( aL ) ]
For central deflection
add the values for each P
derived from the formula
in the No.8 diagram.

d max.
L/3

B
RB

M max. =PL
3

RA= RB= P

54

23PL
d max. = 648EI

Table 11(b) Moments, Shears, and Deflections

No.

Loading
P

Moment Diagram

Shear Diagram

Deflection

d max.

RA

11

AC
L/6

L/3

L/3

B
L/6

RA

M C =M E =PL
4

RB
P

M D =5PL
12

RB

R A = R B = 3P
2

53PL
d max. = 1296EI

d max.

RA

12

D
E
A C
L/4
L/4
L/4
L

B
L/4

RA

RA

M max. =WL
8

RB

D
L

19

RA

C
L

W
d max.= 480EI
(8L +7aL -4a L-4a )
2

M max. =Wa
6

RB
R A= R B= W
2

Wa
d max.= 240EI
(18a + 20ab + 5b )
2

MC

L/2

d max.

MB R A

RB

-M A = - M B =M C = PL
8

R A= R B= P
2

55

d max.

RA

RB

L/2

d max.

R A= R B= W
2

MA
A

WL
d max. = 60EI

RB

b
M max. =W
4 (L-3)

20

RB
R A= R B= W
2

W
2
b
L

when x =0.5193L
d max.

RB
W
a

RA

RA
W
2

d max. = 0.01304WL
EI

R B = 2W
3

2W
b
b
L

x1

RA = W
3

2x
M x =Wx(1
2-3L2 )
M max.=WL/6

RB

- 2a )
d max.= Wa (3L
96EI

RA
B

RB

x1

x
M x =Wx
3 (1-L2 )
M max.=0.128WL
when x1 =0.5774WL

2W
L

RA

d max.

RB

18

W
d max.= 384EI
(8L -4Lb -b )

d max.

R A= R B= W
2

M max. =Wa
4

RA

When a = c

2W
L

( b2 + c)
(b
2 + a)

RA

RB

RB
R A= W
L
RB= W
L

17

RA

16

x1-a
M max. =W
b( 2 )
when x 1 =a+Pab
W

RB

5 WL
d max. = 384
EI

d max.
x1

x1

W
A

RB

R A= R B= W
2
RA

RA

15

d max.

x
M x =Wx
2 (1-L)

14

19PL
d max. = 384EI

RA

13

RB

R A = R B = 3P
2

M D =PL
2

M C =M E =3PL
8

RB

PL3

max. = 192EI

Table 11(c) Moments, Shears, and Deflections

No.

Loading

Moment Diagram

Shear Diagram

Deflection

MC
P

21

RA
MA

L/3

RB

2 2

MB = - Pba
L2

L/3
L

L/3

PL/3

MA

MB

L/3

C
L/4

d max.
RB
3

5PL
d max. = 648EI

R A= R B= P

L/3

B
L/6

5PL
12

PL
4

d max.

MB R A
RB

M A = M B = - 19PL/72

M D = 11PL/72

41PL
d max. = 5184EI

R A = R B = 3P/ 2

3PL
8

D
E
L/4
L/4
L

B
L/4

PL
2

d max.

MB R A
RB

M A = M B = - 5PL/16

M D = 3PL/16

PL
d max. = 96EI

R A = R B = 3P/ 2
0.21L

25

MA
B

26

C
d

b
L

28

3
-W 3
M A = 12L
2 [e (4L - 3e) - c (4L-3c)]
b
3
3
-W
M B = 12L
2 [d (4L - 3d) - a (4L-3a)]
b

RB
R A = r A + M A L- M B , R B = r B + M B L- M A
where r is the simple support
reaction.

10x 9x
M x = - WL
30 ( L3 - L + 2)
+ M max. = WL/23.3 when x = 0.55L
M B = - WL/10
M A = - WL/15

29

MA

30

d max.
RB

d max. = 1.4WL
384EI

R A = R B = W/2

d max.
RB

Wa
6

R A = R B = W/2

d max. =
2
3
3
2
W
1920EI (7L + 8aL + 4a L - 16a )

d max.

MB R A

Wa
M A = M B = - 12L
(2L - a)

RB
R A = R B = W/2

56

0.22L

0.56L

MB R A
2

MA
D

x1 = 0.525L

RA

-W
M A = M B = 48L
(5L + 4aL - 4a )

2W
L
b
L

WL
d max. = 382EI

when

R A = 0.3W , R B = 0.7W

MB

MA
a

x1
RB

M A = M B = - 5WL
48

0.22L

2W
L
b
L

2
2
3
3
W
384EI (L + 2L a + 4La - 8a )

RA

M C = WL/16
W

when a = c,
d max. =

d max.

MB

WL/16
B

RA

MX

2W
L

PL
d max. = 384EI

R A = R B = W/2

MA
B

d max.
RB

MB

2W
L

27

0.21L

0.58L

MB R A
M A = M B = - WL
12
M C = WL
24

MA

2Pa b
when x = 3L L- 2a
2
3EI(3L - 2a)

MA

24

d max.=

RA

M A = M B = - 2PL/9

MA

3 3

b
dc = Pa
3EIL3

AC
L/6

C
2 3

R B = P( La) ( 1+ 2 b
L)

M C = M D = PL/9

23

a
R A = P( b
L) ( 1+ 2 L )

M A = - Pab
L2

b
MC = - 2Pa
L3

22

d max.

MB

Wa
d max. = 480EI
(5L - 4a)

Table 12(a) Available Flexural Strength, (kip-ft)

Fy = 46 ksi

Fy = 46 ksi
Nominal
Size
in.
2x2

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

Mn/

Mn

LRDF
2.67
2.75
3.32

ASD
1.77
1.83
2.21

2.5 x 2.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

4.40
4.55
5.63

2.93
3.02
3.75

3x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

6.58
6.80
8.55
10.0
11.2

4.37
4.52
5.68
6.65
7.46

3.5 x 3.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

9.18
9.50
12.0

6.10
6.32
8.02

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

12.2
12.6
16.1
19.2
22.0
26.5

8.12
8.42
10.7
12.8
14.6
17.6

4.5 x 4.5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291

15.6
16.2
20.9
25.0

10.4
10.8
13.9
16.6

5x5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

19.5
20.3
26.2
31.5
36.5
45.0

6x6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

4x4

7x7

Nominal
Size
in.
8x8

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349
0.500
0.465
0.625
0.581

Mn/

Mn

LRDF
41.5
43.9
67.6
86.5
101
129
154

ASD
27.6
29.2
45.0
57.5
67.5
86.0
102

10 x 10

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

93.5
132
162
209
252
292

62.2
87.8
108
139
167
194

12 x 12

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

126
170
228
308
374
436

84.0
113
151
205
249
290

14 x 14

0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

220
281
427
521
609
693

146
187
284
346
405
461

13.0
13.5
17.4
21.0
24.2
29.9

16 x 16

0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

274
351
540
691
812
926

182
233
359
460
540
616

26.5
28.4
38.6
46.9
54.5
68.3

17.6
18.9
25.7
31.2
36.3
45.4

18 x 18

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

630
885
1040
1190

419
589
694
793

20 x 20

33.3
35.1
53.5
65.2
76.2
96.3

22.1
23.3
35.6
43.4
50.7
64.1

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

748
1050
1300
1490

497
701
867
993

22 x 22

0.750
0.875

0.698
0.814

1590
1820

1060
1210

57

Table 12(b) Available Flexural Strength, (kip-ft)

Fy = 46 ksi
Nominal
Size
in.
3x2

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

Fy = 46 ksi

X-Axis
Y-Axis
Mn/ Mn Mn/ Mn
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
4.94
3.29
3.72
2.48
5.10
3.39
3.84
2.55
6.32
4.20
4.74
3.15

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

54.3
58.5
81.2
99.2
116
148

36.1
38.9
54.0
66.0
77.4
98.6

30.3
32.2
48.3
67.0
81.7
103

20.2
21.4
32.1
44.6
54.4
69.0

12 x 4

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

88.4
107
126
160

58.8
71.8
84.2
107

30.8
42.1
54.8
71.9

20.5
28.0
36.4
47.8

6.55
6.78
8.64
10.2
11.7

10 x 8

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

139
178

92.9
119

119
153

79.8
102

12 x 6

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

154
197

102
131

91.6
121

60.9
80.8

6.44
6.84
9.00

4.28
4.55
5.99

12 x 8

12.3
12.8
16.4
19.7
22.7

10.7
11.4
15.2
18.1
20.7

7.15
7.60
10.1
12.0
13.8

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

119
155
182
234

79.5
103
121
156

74.1
100
132
177

49.3
67.1
88.3
118

14 x 6

0.313
0.375
0.500

0.291
0.349
0.465

167
197
254

111
131
169

74.1
95.3
139

49.3
63.4
92.7

14 x 10

21.9
22.7
29.4
35.4
40.9
50.5

14.6
15.1
19.5
23.5
27.2
33.6

15.5
16.5
22.2
26.7
30.8
37.9

10.3
11.0
14.8
17.7
20.5
25.2

0.375
0.500
0.625

0.349
0.465
0.581

263
340
413

175
226
275

181
270
327

120
180
218

16 x 8

0.291
0.349
0.465

51.7
60.2
75.4

34.4
40.0
50.1

41.0
47.7
59.5

27.3
31.7
39.6

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581

183
239
283
366
444

121
159
188
243
295

79.8
110
143
217
273

53.1
73.7
95.7
144
181

16 x 12

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

33.9
35.2
45.8
55.6
64.6
80.9

22.6
23.4
30.5
37.0
43.0
53.8

16.9
17.9
27.1
34.1
39.6
49.2

11.2
11.9
18.0
22.7
26.3
32.7

0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

340
466
567
664

226
310
377
442

241
367
466
545

160
244
310
362

20 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

648
793
931

431
527
619

386
535
654

257
356
435

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

39.5
42.4
58.3
71.0
83.1
105

26.2
28.2
38.8
47.2
55.2
69.9

28.4
30.1
45.9
58.3
68.1
86.0

18.9
20.0
30.5
38.8
45.3
57.2

24 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

857
1050
1230

570
698
823

410
561
733

273
373
487

0.167
0.174
0.233

7.80
8.06
10.1

5.19
5.36
6.74

4.78
4.94
6.16

3.18
3.28
4.10

4x3

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

10.0
10.3
13.1

6.65
6.89
8.75

8.21
8.50
10.7

5.46
5.65
7.16

5x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

11.2
11.6
14.7

7.47
7.73
9.80

5.83
6.03
7.58

3.88
4.01
5.04

5x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

14.0
14.5
18.5
22.1
25.3

9.32
9.66
12.3
14.7
16.8

9.84
10.1
12.9
15.4
17.5

6x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

15.2
15.7
20.1

10.1
10.5
13.4

6x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

18.5
19.2
24.7
29.7
34.1

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

0.313
0.375
0.500

8x4

8x6

X-Axis
Y-Axis
Mn/ Mn Mn/ Mn
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
79.7
53.0
39.9
26.6
93.2
62.0
48.4
32.2
117
78.3
60.5
40.3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.180
0.188
0.250

7x5

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349
0.500
0.465

10 x 6

4x2

6x4

Nominal
Size
in.
10 x 4

58

Table 12(c) Available Flexural Strength, (kip-ft)

Fy = 50 ksi

Fy = 50 ksi
Nominal
Size
in.
2x2

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

Mn/

Mn

LRDF
2.90
2.99
3.61

ASD
1.93
1.98
2.40

2.5 x 2.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

4.79
4.94
6.12

3.18
3.29
4.07

3x3

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

7.15
7.39
9.29

4.75
4.92
6.18

3.5 x 3.5

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

9.98
10.3
13.1

6.64
6.87
8.72

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

13.2
13.7
17.5
20.9
23.9

8.83
9.15
11.7
13.9
15.9

4.5 x 4.5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291

17.0
17.6
22.7
27.2

11.3
11.7
15.1
18.1

5x5

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

21.2
22.0
28.5
34.3
39.6
48.9

14.1
14.6
18.9
22.8
26.4
32.5

6x6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

28.0
30.0
42.0
50.9
59.3
74.2

18.6
20.0
27.9
33.9
39.4
49.3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

35.6
37.6
58.2
70.9
82.8
104

23.7
25.0
38.7
47.1
55.1
69.7

4x4

7x7

Nominal
Size
in.
8x8

59

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349
0.500
0.465

Mn/

Mn

LRDF
44.4
46.9
71.5
94.0
110
140

ASD
29.5
31.2
47.6
62.6
73.4
93.4

10 x 10

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581

100
139
177
227
274

66.5
92.9
117
151
182

12 x 12

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698

135
182
241
335
407
474

89.8
121
160
223
270
315

14 x 14

0.313
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.291
0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

235
300
464
566
663
753

156
200
309
376
441
501

16 x 16

0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.349
0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

375
571
751
882
1000

249
380
500
587
669

18 x 18

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

670
963
1130
1290

446
640
754
862

20 x 20

0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875

0.465
0.581
0.698
0.814

800
1110
1410
1620

532
742
942
1080

22 x 22

0.750

0.698

1730

1150

Table 12(d) Available Flexural Strength, (kip-ft)

Fy = 50 ksi

Fy = 50 ksi
Nominal
Size
in.
3x2

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.180
0.167
0.188
0.174
0.250
0.233

X-Axis
Y-Axis
Mn/ Mn Mn/ Mn
LRDF ASD LRDF ASD
5.37
3.57
3.72
2.48
5.55
3.69
3.84
2.55
6.87
4.57
4.74
3.15

Nominal
Size
in.
10 x 4

Wall Thickness
Nominal Design
in.
in.
0.313
0.291
0.375
0.349

X-Axis
Mn/ Mn
LRDF ASD
86.7
57.7
101
67.4

Y-Axis
Mn/ Mn
LRDF ASD
39.9
26.6
48.4
32.2

10 x 6

5.46
5.65
7.16

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

56.9
61.5
88.3
107
126
161

37.8
40.9
58.7
71.8
84.2
107

30.3
32.2
48.3
67.0
81.7
103

20.2
21.4
32.1
44.6
54.4
69.0

12 x 4

5.83
6.03
7.58

3.88
4.01
5.04

0.250
0.313
0.375

0.233
0.291
0.349

96.1
117
137

63.9
78.0
91.5

30.8
42.1
54.8

20.5
28.0
36.4

10 x 8

10.1
10.5
13.4
16.0
18.3

9.84
10.1
12.9
15.4
17.5

6.55
6.78
8.64
10.2
11.7

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

151
194

101
129

119
153

79.8
102

12 x 6

0.375
0.500

0.349
0.465

168
215

111
143

91.6
121

60.9
80.8

12 x 8

16.5
17.1
21.9

11.0
11.4
14.5

6.44
6.84
9.00

4.28
4.55
5.99

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

125
168
198
255

83.7
112
132
169

74.1
100
132
177

49.3
67.1
88.3
118

14 x 6

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

20.2
20.9
26.9
32.2
37.1

13.4
13.9
17.9
21.4
24.7

10.7
11.4
15.2
18.1
20.7

7.15
7.60
10.1
12.0
13.8

0.313
0.375
0.500

0.291
0.349
0.465

182
214
276

121
142
183

74.1
95.3
139

49.3
63.4
92.7

14 x 10

0.375
0.500
0.625

0.349
0.465
0.581

286
370
449

190
246
299

181
270
327

120
180
218

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

23.8
24.7
31.9
38.5
44.5

15.8
16.4
21.2
25.6
29.6

15.5
16.5
22.2
26.7
30.8

10.3
11.0
14.8
17.7
20.5

16 x 8

0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

191
260
307
398

127
173
204
264

79.8
110
143
217

53.1
73.7
95.7
144

7x5

0.313
0.375

0.291
0.349

56.2
65.4

37.4
43.5

41.0
47.7

27.3
31.7

20 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

705
862
1010

469
573
673

386
535
654

257
356
435

8x4

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

36.9
38.3
49.8
60.4
70.3

24.5
25.5
33.1
40.2
46.7

16.9
17.9
27.1
34.1
39.6

11.2
11.9
18.0
22.7
26.3

24 x 12

0.500
0.625
0.750

0.465
0.581
0.698

931
1140
1340

619
759
894

410
561
733

273
373
487

8x6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.500

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349
0.465

41.5
44.7
63.4
77.2
90.3
114

27.6
29.7
42.2
51.4
60.1
76.0

28.4
30.1
45.9
58.3
68.1
86.0

18.9
20.0
30.5
38.8
45.3
57.2

4x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

8.47
8.76
11.0

5.64
5.83
7.32

4.78
4.94
6.16

3.18
3.28
4.10

4x3

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

10.8
11.2
14.3

7.23
7.49
9.51

8.21
8.50
10.7

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

12.2
12.6
16.0

8.12
8.40
10.6

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

0.167
0.174
0.233
0.291
0.349

15.2
15.7
20.1
24.0
27.5

6x2

0.180
0.188
0.250

0.167
0.174
0.233

6x3

0.180
0.188
0.250
0.313
0.375

6x4

5x2

5x3

60

Sect.6 Details
The following drawings are typical details designed and used in Japan. The arabic numbers without any unit show the
dimensions or distances in metric unit (mm).
01

Through Diaphragm Basic Type A

Through Diaphragm
Backing bar

02

Backing bar

Through Diaphragm Basic Type B

Backing bar

Backing weld reout plate

Backing
bar

Through Diaphragm

Backing weld

(Column)
Backing
bar

Diaphragm
Panel zone

Backing bar

Diaphragm
(Column)

03

Top of Column for Through Diaphragm

Backing
bar
Backing weld reout plate

Backing weld

Backing
bar
Backing bar

61

04

Interior Diaphragm Basic Type A

Interior Diaphragm

Backing bar

Backing bar

Interior Diaphragm
Interior Diaphragm

05

Interior Diaphragm

Backing bar

Backing
bar

Interior
Diaphragm

Backing bar
Backing bar

06

Top of Column with Sloped Beam

100

Backing bar
Backing
bar
Diaphragm

62

Backing bar

07

Interior Beam to Column Connection

08

Pin Connection

09

Column Splice

10

Fixed Column Footing

Anchor bolt
Backing bar

Base plate

Backing
bar

Stiffener plate
Backing bar

Base plate

Erection
bolt

Anchor bolt

63

11

Pinned Column Footing A

12

Right Angle Connection A

(For secondary connection)

Backing bar
Anchor bolt

Base plate

Backing bar

Base plate

Anchor bolt

13

Right Angle Connection B

14

Right Angle Connection C

15

Right Angle Connection D

(For secondary connection)

Seat angle

Bracket plate

Bracket plate

Seat angle

64

16

Connection of Bracing Member A

17

Connection of Bracing Member B

(OR

19

Connection of W = Chord
and HSS Web

20

Connection of Truss Structure

21

Connection of Bracing Member

W
Section

HSS

Stiffener
plate

65

18

Connection of Bracing Member C

22

Angular Connection A

23

For secondary connection

Angular Connection B
Stiffened connection

HSS

A Stiffener plate

A-A Section

24

Angular Connection C

25

Angular Connection D

27

Connection of Truss Structure B

Welded connection

Weld plate

26

Connection of Truss Structure A

Web member

Web member
Weld plate
Web member

Web member

Chord member

28

Chord member

Connection of Truss Structure C

29

Connection of Truss Structure D

Web member

Web member

Web member

Web member

Chord member

Chord member

66

30

Connection of Truss Structure E

31

Connection of Truss to Truss Structure F

32

Connection of Girder to Truss Structure G

-Section

-Section

67

33

Connection of Truss Structure H

-Section

-Section

34

Connection of Truss Structure I

35

Connection of Truss Structure J

A
A

68

-Section

-Section

36

Connection of Truss Structure K

D

C
B

37

Connection of Truss Structure L

38

Example of Connection Applied to Building A

39

Example of Connection Applied to Building B

PL to JST

WF
COL to L
&
L to JST

Bar
JST

69

40

Example of Connection Applied to Building C

41

Example of Connection Applied to Building D

42

Example of Connection Applied to Building E

43

Example of Connection Applied to Building F

70

Notice: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the
information contained within this publication, the use of the information
is at the readers risk and no warranty is implied or expressed by
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal Products with respect to the use of
information contained herein.
The information in this publication is subject to change or modification
without notice. Please contact the Nippon Steel & Sumikin Metal
Products office for the latest information.

NIPPON STEEL & SUMIKIN METAL PRODUCTS CO.,LTD

Head Office:SA Bldg., 17-12, Kiba 2-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0042,Japan
Structural Steel Products Sales Dept. Phone:+81-3-3630-2138, Fax:+81-3-3630-2159
Homepage:http://www.ns-kenzai.co.jp/English/