PUSAT LATIHAN TEKNOLOGI TINGGI (ADTEC)

SEKSYEN 34 SHAH ALAM

PENJAGA JENTERA ELEKTRIK
INSTRUCTION / OPERATION MANUAL
POWER SYNCHRONISATION OF GENERATOR NO.2 WITH
(TNB) NETWORK
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 This unit is specially developed and constructed for use in electrical. teaching
laboratory to demonstrate the basic principles of and procedures in power synchronization.
The following are the possibilities :
Generator No. 1 with Network (TNB)
Generator No. 2 with Network (TNB)
. Generator No. 1 with Generator No.2
Generator No. 1 & No.2 with Network (TNB)

1.2 Unit is portable and is used as a desk-top model. It is provided with a sloping front
study panel. On this sloping surface are mounted the meters and control components with their
terminations and mimic diagram neatly and didactically arranged. All control components are
conveiniently located and within easy reach.
1.3 On the study panel are the following meters and control components :
1- Synchronoscope Double Voltmeter
1 Double Frequency Meter
3 - Synchronising Lamps
2 - Synchronising Switch
(
/ C ~ 2 - Synchronising Circuit Breaker
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) 59 - Terminal Sockets '
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1.4 Unit should only be operated under the direct supervision of a qualified Instructor /
Lecturer. Dangerous voltage at 415V AC is available when this unit is in operation. Therefore
extreme care must be exercised.
2.0 UNPACKING
This unit has been thoroughly tested against manufacturing defects before it is dispatched
from our plant. However, to ensure that unit is not damaged during transit, please inspect and
test if promptly upon receipt. Any damage should be reported to us immediately.
3.0 INSTALLATION
This is a bench top model. As such no formal installation is required. Unit is internally wired
and is ready to be used as supplied.
Caution: Unit must be properly earthed at all times.
1
4.0 POWER REQUIREMENTS
4. I Network (TNB)
Power source from TNB is the form of a three phase fixed or variable power supply unit,
adequately protected and terminated at terminal sockets I posts with an output of 240/415VAC
or 0-240/415 VAC, 20A, 3 phase, 50Hz which is conveniently located, should be sufficient
to meet the requirement.
4.2 Generator No.1 / Generator No.2
Power source from both Generators are normally obtained from experimental
synchronous alternator sets. These sets are usually DC motor driven and therefore the speed can
be easily and effectively controlled. The output voltage and frequency of the alternator
can also be conveniently and effectively adjusted to any desired level via the DC field excitation.
5.0 COMMISSIONING
Norminal commissioning is required for this unit. Operating manual is of sufficient
guide in most cases. However, should any formal commissioning be required, our
engineering personnel shall' undertake to brief instructorsllecturers on the unit features and the
proper operating procedures. (J
6.0 MAINTENANCE
Practically no maintenance is necessary for this unit except that unit should be shielded from
dust and dirt.
7.0 COMPONENTS DESIGNATIONS
For components designations, please refer to study panel layout plan as show in 7.1. Internal
circuit arrangements are clearly displayed in mimic on the study panel.
8.0 POWER SYNCHRONISA TION OF GENERA TOR NO.2 WITH NETWORK
(TNB)
8.1 Ensure that all power sources are in the "off positions.
8.2 Connect circuit as per p ~ t c h cord diagram. Switch to "On" position the Synchronising Switc();
(SS2)
8.4 Operate Generator Set No.2 and control the speed of the driving motor and the DC field
excitation to obtain output voltage of approximately 415V as indicated by the double
voltmeter terminals marked "I" at the same time observe the output frequency as indicated
by the double frequency meter terminals marked "1". Adjust speed of the driving motor if
necessary to obtain approximately 50Hz.
8.5 Switch to "ON" position the power source to the Network (TNB).
8.6 Switch to "On" position the synchronizing switch (SSI). Double voltmeter and double
frequency meter should indicate the voltage and frequency of the supply source from the Network
to terminal marked "I".
2
8.7 Compare the voltages and frequencies of the two power sources.
8.8 Observe the operation of the synchronizing lamps. They should operate in unison ie. All
three lamps should light up or dark out simultaneously. If the lamps are operating in steps
(sim ilar to running lights) it indicates that the sequence I rotation of the two power sources are
not correct or in phase. In which case inter-change any two leads of either the input from TNB or
the output from generator No.2 such that the synchronising lamps operate in unison.
8.9 The conditions necessary to synchronise two power sources to operate in parallel are as
follows :- .
Phase sequence I rotation must be the same.
Terminal voltage must be the same.
Frequencies of both voltages must be approximately the same.
Phase angle must be the same
8: 10 When all the above Four conditions are in order, observe the pointer movement of
the synchronoscope. Adjust the speed of the driving motor for the Generator No.1 until the
pointer movement is as slow as possible. When the pointer of the synchronoscope points
vertically up (i.e. at 12.00 o/clock with the pointer coming in frqm the negative side)., that is
the precise and appropriate moment for the two power sources to be synchronized
together. At that particular moment, switch to "On" position the synchronizing circuit breaker
(CBI).
8 11 Switch to "On" positions the loads which are connected to the Network bus-bars.
8.12 Gradually adjust the prime mover of Generator No.2 to increase its load contribution to
the Network.
8.13 To shut-down, just reverse the operating procedures as outlined above.
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INSTITUT LATIHAN JABATAN TENAGA MANUSIA
KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA
PUSAT LATIHAN TEKNOLOGI TINGGI (ADTEC)
SHAHALAM
<Qim-.
Penyegerakkan Dua Buah Janakuasa Enjin Diesel
Lanakah-Langkah Keria
1 Periksa senarai semak sebelum menghidupkan enjin diesel janakuasa No.1
a. Minyak pelincir enjin di paras tanda minimum dan maksimum
b. Air mencukupi dalam radiator
c. Bateri berada dalam keadaan baik.
d. Minyak diesel mencukupi dalam tangki minyak
e. Kabel kuasa berkeadaan baik disambungannya.
f. Pastikan Neutral Rod dan Earthing Rod adalah betul dibumikan (Grounded).
2. Semakan papan kawalan dibetulkan semula.
a. Set semula butang kecemasan
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b. Tekan set semula butang alarm dan petunjuk perlindungan.
c. Tekan butang ujian menguji Lampu petunjuk perlindungan keadaan baik.
d. Semak petunjuk bendera dibetulkan semula.
e. Semakan pemutus litar (ACB) utama dibuka sebelum janakuasa dihidupkan.
3. Tutup suis neutral, hidupkan enjin janakuasa No.1, dan panaskan enjin selama 15 minit .
4. Laraskan kelajuan, frekuensi, voltan mengikut kadaran dengan melaraskan perapi frekuensi
dan voltan.
5. Catatkan bacaan frekuensi, voltan, arus, factor kuasa kW, kWH, rpm, suhu air dan
tekanan minyak pelincir.
6. Tutup pemutus litar dipapan suis janakuasa No.1 berikan bekalan ke basbar (line,
system) dan periksa bacaan frekuensi, voltan di busbar
7. Sambungkan beban berperingkat-peringkat sehingga beban maksima yang boleh ditanggung
,
oleh janakuasa No.1
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~ . Biarkan janakuasa beroperasi dalam beban maksima selama 15 minit . Periksa jika ada
kebocoran, suhu panas, bau hang it, gegaran yang kuat, bunyi bising dan apa-apa sahaja yang
luar biasa. Jika ada, hentikan injin dan buat pembaikkan mana-mana yang perlu .
9. Hidupkan janakuasa No.2 dan buat aturcara kerja seperti dilangkah 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5
10. Sambungkan atau tutup suis litar sinkroskop penyegerakan dari Janakuasa No.2 kepada
janakuasa No.1 yang telah berada pada busbar (line, system) atau papan suis
janakuasa No.2 dan basbar yang telah mendapat bekalan dari janakuasa NO.1.
11. Periksa pusingan jarum sinkroskop sama ada mengikut pusingan jam atau lawan pusingan
jam bagi menunjukkan perbandingan kelajuan janakuasa No.2 dengan janakuasa No.1 atau
busbar (line, system)
12. Laraskan pelaras kelajuan (speed trimer) supaya jarum bergerak perlahan mengikut pusingan
jam.
1
13. Periksa samada frekuensi dan voltan janakuasa No.2 sam a atau tidak dengan frekuensi dan
voltan janakuasa No.1 atau basbar (line, system). Jika tidak laraskan pelaras (trimer) supaya
frekuensi dan voltan menjadi sama.
14. Lihat pada sinkroskop dimana lampu gelap atau lampu cerah semasa sudut fasa voltan
janakuasa No.2 sama atau tidak dengan janakuasa No.1 atau dibasbar. Kedua-dua sudut
fasa dan voltan akan sama hanya apabila jarum sinkroskop menunjukkan pukul 12 atau lampu
penunjuk menjadi paling gelap untuk cara lampu gelap.
15. Apabila jarum menunjukkan hampir-hampir pukul 12, tutup pemutus litar udara bagi litar
janakuasa No.2. Pemutus litar No.2 ditutup pada masa jarum berada hampir pada pukul
12 bagi mengambil kira masa lengah tindakbalas mengendalikan pemutus litar
membuat penyegerakan.
16. Buka salah satu suis neutral bagi mengelakkan arus legar. Sekiranya Janakauasa
No.2 berkeupayaan lebih besar daripada Janakuasa No.1 hendaklah membuka suis
neutral di Pemutus Litar No.1.
,,17. Buka suis sinkroskop janakuasa No.2 dan janakuasa No.1.
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18. Laraskan pelaras frekuensi supaya janakuasa No.2 berkongsi beban dengan janakuasa No.1
secara sama rata. Apabila pelaras (trimer) frekuensi dinaikkan, kuasa bekalan kW janakuasa
akan naik.
19. Janakuasa No.1 dan No.2 telah selesai menjalani kendalian penyegerakan dan naikkan
frekuensi beban mengikut keperluan pengguna.
20. Sambung tambahan beban yang diperlukan berperingkat-peringkat sehingga beban maksima
yang boleh ditanggung oleh janakuasa No.1 dan janakuasa No.2
21. Prosedur menghentikan janakuasa. Tentukan janakuasa yang hendah dihentikan, (Janakuasa
No.1) turunkan beban berperingkat-peringkat sehingga baki beban di basbar boleh
ditanggung oleh janakuasa No.2 yang masih beroperasi.
22. Tutup I sambung neutral suis dan asingkan janakuasa No.1 dengan membuka pemutus litar
ACB ke basbar.
23. Hentikan janakuasa No.1 tekan butang kecemasan untuk hentikan janakuasa. Buka suis
neutral dan suis-suis yang berkaitan.
24. Untuk menghentikan janakuasa NO.2. turunkan beban berperingkat-peringkat sehingga ke
beban minimum
25. Asingkan janakuasa No.1 dengan membuka pemutus litar ACB ke basbar. tekan butang
kecemasan untuk hentikan janakuasa. Buka suis neutral dan suis-suis yang berkaitan.
26. Catatkan dalam buku senggaraan janakuasa.
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NAMA: SHALtASlJIFUL b. Ino//[) .f'4{/M!. No. KiP: 15//03 -oS -SOb I Lukisan Skematik Amali