Materials Forming Processes and Machines

Chapter 26 Hydraulic presses

CHEN ZEZHONG
MSE, USST

Chapter 26 - 1

Contents
26.1 Hydraulic press drives 26.2 Example 26.3 Advantages of hydraulic presses 26.4 Practical application of hydraulic presses 26.5 Exercise on Chapter 26

Chapter 26 - 2

 The frames of hydraulic presses welded steel O-frames (straight-side frames) (Figure 26.1). In smaller presses
the frame is built in one piece

in larger presses
in three pieces. The three main elements
bottom platen, side columns head are held together with tie rods.

Chapter 26 - 3

Figure 26.1 Three-part hydraulic press.

1 head, 2 pump, 3 side column, 4 press cylinder, 5 ram, 6 guide, 7 crosssection of side column, 8 tie rod, 9 bottom platen
(Illustration from LASCO Umformtechnik works, Coburg, Germany)
Chapter 26 - 4

26.1 Hydraulic press drives

The ram movement (Figure 26.2) is produced by a differential piston. the required amount of compressed oil In small presses,
is provided by means of constant feed pumps (gear or screw pumps)

in larger presses
by adjustable axial or radial piston pumps.

The operating pressure for hydraulic presses is between 200 and 300 bar. Too low a pressure
would require an oversized piston

too high a pressure

would mean leakage would be hard to control.

Chapter 26 - 5

Figure 26.2 Highly simplified drive layout of a hydraulic press

Chapter 26 - 6

The most important technical data can be determined as follows:

Chapter 26 - 7

Chapter 26 - 8

Chapter 26 - 9

Chapter 26 - 10

26.2 Example

Chapter 26 - 11

Chapter 26 - 12

26.3 Advantages of hydraulic presses

The advantages of hydraulic presses are: a) constant power all through the stroke, b) force can be finely regulated (so no extra load-limiting safety device required), c) work capacity unlimited until Wmax = Fmax smax. One disadvantage is the lower operating speed
compared with crank presses, which results in lower output (parts per time unit).

Chapter 26 - 13

26.4 Practical application of hydraulic presses

26.4.1 Drawing presses Generally wherever constant power along a long stroke depth is required: forward extrusion of long parts, ironing, embossing and coining (here, there is enough time for material to flow), deep drawing.

Chapter 26 - 14

Triple-action drawing press

triple-action presses For deep drawing, are sometimes used (Figure 26.4). The press shown here consists of two main elements:
the press frame and the blank holder, as well as an ejector or a die cushion in the bottom platen (Figure 26.4a).

Chapter 26 - 15

Figure 26.4 Cross-section of a triple action hydraulic drawing press (Illustration from Schuler, SMG GmbH & Co. KG, Waghausel, Germany)

Chapter 26 - 16

Figure 26.4a Layout of blank holder, drawing ram and ejector on the drawing press (Illustration: Schuler, SMG GmbH & Co. KG, Waghausel, Germany)

Chapter 26 - 17

26.4.2 Deep drawing percussion presses

Deep drawing percussion presses are also double- or triple-action drawing presses which can work
both as normal drawing presses and also as drop hammers.

In the double-action hydraulic deep drawing percussion press shown in Figure 26.5, a drawing press is combined with a hammer. The die cushion to operate the blank holder
is built into the lower part of this press, under the platen. It is driven separately,
so the drawing ram and the die cushion can be controlled completely independently of one another.

The die cushion can also act as an ejector.

Chapter 26 - 18

Figure 26.5 Electric/oil hydraulic deep drawing percussion press 1 axial piston pump, 2 press piston, 3 ram 4 ram guide, 5 press frame, 6 bottom platen, 7 deep drawing die cushion (Illustration from LASCO Umformtechnik works, Coburg, Germany)

Chapter 26 - 19

26.4.3 Hydraulic extrusion presses

Figure 26.6 Hydraulic double-sided extrusion press (Photograph: Dunkes GmbH works, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany)

Chapter 26 - 20

 Hydraulic extrusion presses are used for manufacturing larger workpieces

using a cold forward extrusion method.

This kind of workpiece requires constant force across a long distance.

This is provided with a hydraulic extrusion press,
as the available deformation force does not depend upon the deformation distance.
Chapter 26 - 21

Homework: 2, 3, 4, 5
26.5 Exercise on Chapter 26 1. Explain the drive layout of a hydraulic press. 2. How is the ram speed raised on the return stroke? 3. Why is high speed on the return stroke desirable? 4. What is the difference between a doubleaction and a single-action press? 5. What kind of operations are double-action or triple-action presses needed for?

Chapter 26 - 22