Hpac - 201303

MARCH 2013 | www.hpac.
com A Penton Publication

2013 AHR Expo
Product Review
Design Solutions:
Duct-Sealing Technology and
DOAS With Energy Recovery
Maximizing Outdoor-Air-
Economizer Operation
Product Spotlight: Rooftop Units
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R E T R O C O M M I S S I O N I N G
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Circle 152
MARCH 2013 HPAC ENGINEERING 3
FEATURES:
22 2013 AHR Expo Product Review
The 2013 International Air-Conditioning, Heating, Refrigerating
Exposition (AHR Expo) was held Jan. 28-30 in Dallas. Here is a look at
some of the exhibited products you may have missed.
SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES/MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL/HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE/
COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDINGS/GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
26 Why Retrocommission Your Building?
With energy costs on the rise and the future of oil, natural gas, and other
fossil fuels unknown, saving energy is top of mind for many building
owners and managers. The ticket to increased energy efficiencyas well
as increased occupant satisfaction and lower operating costsis
retrocommissioning. This article discusses what retrocommissioning is,
why it is important, what buildings need it, and what its benefits are.
Additionally, the article discusses ways in which retrocommissioning is
implemented and touches on pertinent code changes.
By William J. Stangeland
SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES/MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL/HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE/
COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDINGS/GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
30 Maximizing Outdoor-Air-Economizer Operation
Many variable-air-volume systems are designed with incompatible and/or
incomplete control strategies
that undermine the perfor-
mance of outdoor-air econo-
mizers. This article discusses
how, through proper applica-
tion of modern tools, such as
direct digital control and highly
accurate, low-cost instruments,
a much higher level of success
can be achieved. Many of the
methods discussed in this arti-
cle are not industry-standard practice, but nonetheless worth considering
in the name of controllability, performance, and energy efficiency.
By Craig F. Hofferber, CxA, CSI
HPAC Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering (ISSN 1527-4055) is published monthly by Penton Media, Inc., 9800 Metcalf
Ave., Overland Park, KS 66212-2216. Periodicals Postage Paid at Shawnee Mission, KS and at additional mailing offices. Canadian
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ARTICLE REPRINTS and E-PRINTS: Increase exposure by including article reprints and e-prints in your next promotional
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Weil Im Thinking of It ... ............... 5
Sounding Board ............................ 6
Engineering Green Buildings .......... 8
News & Notes ............................. 12
INSIDE HPAC ENGINEERING
MARCH 2013 VOL. 85, NO. 3
PUBLISHING OFFICES:
The Penton Media Building
1300 E. Ninth St.
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Electrical & Mechanical Systems,
Energy & Construction
DAN ASHENDEN
Group Publisher,
Mechanical Systems/Construction
MICHAEL WEIL
Editorial Director
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Executive Editor
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CLASSIFIEDS/ANCILLARY
DAVID G. KENNEY
1300 E. Ninth St.
Cleveland, OH 44114-1503
216-931-9725
Fax: 913-514-6663
e-mail: david.kenney@penton.com
DAVID KIESELSTEIN
Chief Executive Officer
ON THE COVER:
Most buildings are not performing to their potential. Thus, it is important to consider
retrocommissioning, as the majority of existing buildings have not undergone any type of
commissioning or quality-assurance testing. To learn more, read Why Retrocommission
Your Building? by William J. Stangeland, beginning on Page 26.
Design Solutions ......................... 16
Product Spotlight ........................ 20
Classifieds ................................. 38
Ad Index ..................................... 40
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Circle 153
T
his is somewhat of a rhetorical
question. I ask it because there is
so much buzz over the importance
of building performance and the
need to document and certify that our
commercial, industrial, and residential
structures are meeting energy standards
and government regulations.
I certainly am a proponent
of bui l di ng performance. I
bel i eve most peopl e i n the
i ndustry are, too. But then
there is LEED (Leadership in
Energy and Envi ronmental
Design), the de facto green-
building certification standard
developed by the U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC). A
recent study by Turner Con-
struction Co. shows a major-
ity of real-estate owners, de-
velopers, and corporate owner
occupants are planning new
projects this yearboth new
construction and renovation
with the intent of making use
of environmentally sustain-
able practices. Interestingly
enough, these same respon-
dents are not so committed to
obtaining LEED certification
( ht t p: / / bi t . l y/ LessLEED) .
In fact, the number of respondents
saying they will seek LEED certification for
their projects has been on the decline for
three years running. This and many other
studies show the construction industry
remains concerned that the cost of such
certification is too high, with too long of a
payback period. They do not show that the
industry is not committed to sustainability
or building performance.
Many seek other types of certification
to prove their buildings meet green goals.
The ENERGY STAR certification program
is very popular, according to the study.
In January, HPAC Engineering pub-
lished an article titled A Paler Shade of
Green by John H. Scofield (http://bit.ly/
Scofield_0113). The article discusses the
construction of the Adam Joseph Lewis
Center for Envi ronmental Studi es at
Oberlin College, which was designed to be
a zero-energy building in the late 1990s.
The intentions were good. The bad news
is that over its first 11 years, the building
failed to perform at zero-energy levels.
Study of the buildings energy use led
to corrections and redesigns that resulted
in 2012 being the first calen-
dar year in which the center
produced more electric energy
than it consumed. However, the
financial sustainability of the
Adam Joseph Lewis Center
model remains unclear. There
were many reasons for the
failure of the initial design,
and the story of this seems to
be far from over.
Obviously, this is a very ex-
pensive and time-consuming
process. I do not believe the
project was LEED-certified,
al though i t recei ved much
notoriety for its design and
proposed efficiency.
Could the certification pro-
cess have uncovered the prob-
l ems? Not necessaril y, and
therein lies the rub.
Concerns about stated en-
ergy use vs. actual energy use
in the LEED process remain, and although
the USGBC addressed this in the mandated
energy-use requirement of LEED v3, it
isnt retroactive, and some LEED-certified
buildings remain energy hogs. Version 4,
which is scheduled for review this year,
may address this problem, but, right now, it
remains an open question.
As an industry, I believe we have to
continue working on ways to reduce the
cost of green buildings, and part of those
efforts should be focused on the cost of
achieving certification.
I also believe it doesnt end there. As
important as certification is, it means
nothing if measurement and testing arent
performed on a regular basis to prove that
a building is operating at design levels.
Is certification necessary? Yes.
But building performance does not begin
and end with that certification.
EDITORIAL
ADVISORY BOARD:
William G. Acker
Acker & Associates
William P. Bahnfleth, PhD, PE
The Pennsylvania State University
Don Beaty, PE, FASHRAE
DLB Associates Consulting Engineers
Edward H. Brzezowski, PE, LEED AP
Noveda Technologies Inc.
Lawrence (Larry) Clark, LEED AP O+M
Sustainable Performance Solutions LLC
William J. Coad, PE, FASHRAE
Coad Engineering Enterprises
Peter C. DAntonio, PE, CEM, LEED AP
PCD Engineering Services Inc.
Kenneth M. Elovitz, PE, Esq.
Energy Economics Inc.
Ben Erpelding, PE, CEM
Optimum Energy LLC
Kenneth E. Gill, PE
Integrated Design Group Inc.
Alfred E. Guntermann, PE, FASHRAE
Guntermann Engineering LLC
Thomas Hartman, PE
The Hartman Co.
Asif Kadiani, PE, CEM
Hanson Professional Services Inc.
John H. Klote, PE, DSc
Valentine A. Lehr, PE, FASHRAE
Lehr Consultants International
John J. Lembo, LEED AP
The Ferreira Group
Mark S. Lentz, PE
Lentz Engineering Associates Inc.
Dave Moser, PE, CPMP
PECI
Joel N. Orr, PhD
Orr Associates International
J. Jay Santos, PE
Facility Dynamics Engineering
Glenn M. Showers, PE
BBS Engineering, a GAI company
Andrew J. Streifel, MPH
University of Minnesota
Robert W. Tinsley, PE, CFPS, CIAQP
P2RS Group
James P. Waltz, PE, CEM, ACFE
Energy Resource Associates Inc.
Gary W. Wamsley, PE, CEM
JoGar Energy Services
Dennis J. Wessel, PE, LEED AP
Karpinski Engineering
Michael K. West, PhD, PE
Advantek Consulting
Ron Wilkinson, PE, LEED AP
e4 inc.
Gerald J. Williams, PE, LEED AP
8760 Engineering LLC
James A. Wise, PhD
Eco-Integrations Inc.
Is Building Certification Really Necessary?
WEIL IM THINKING OF IT ...
BY MICHAEL S. WEIL, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
Building
performance
does not
begin and
end with
certification.
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A Paler Shade of Green
John H. Scofields analysis of the
performance of the Adam Joseph
Lewis Center for Environmental
Studies at Oberlin College (A Paler
Shade of Green, January 2013,
http://bit.ly/Scofield_0113) was a
breath of fresh air. It is rare among
articles on green or LEED buildings
or those purporting to be zero net
energy not to find long paragraphs
of optimistic but unsubstantiated
blather about how environmental
the constructi on i s or how the
magical ground-water geothermal
heat pumps will heat and cool the
building for practically nothing. But
few articles are written to provide a
candid assessment of the buildings
actual performance and failings.
The Scofield article points out
the hard truth that it is very difficult
to construct a high-performance
commercial building. We can infer
that design firms too often turn out
drawings for projects that do not
come cl ose to meeti ng vaunted
design objectives or public-relations
hype. Because few buildings are
rigorously monitored after construc-
tion, wild claims of high performance
are generally accepted at face value
by the public. One suspects design-
ers may feel no qualms about making
grossly optimistic pronouncements
knowing there will be nobody check-
ing. In the worst cases of building
design failure, a more likely expla-
nation is that the designers took on
work beyond their competence.
Candid post-occupancy articles
such as Professor Scofields provide
a painful but extremely valuable
servi ce to the engi neeri ng and
architectural professions.
While the Scofield article is rich
with insight on some of the reasons
the building did not perform as well
as advertised, more details on the
building envelope would have been
very welcome.
Carl Mezoff, PE, architect
Stamford, Conn.
Very instructive. One of the best
high-performance-building case
studies I have read. Neither the
engineers nor Oberlin are to be
blamed for their courage in funding,
designing, and constructing such an
advanced building. However, only
the full disclosure of actual perfor-
mance will lead the way to future
i mprovement. Even though the
building falls short of (its zero-energy
goal), I assume it uses far less energy
than a conventional code building.
Ron Wilkinson
Via the Internet
6 HPAC ENGINEERING MARCH 2013
Circle 154
SOUNDING BOARD
EDITED BY SCOTT ARNOLD, EXECUTIVE EDITOR
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Circle 155
W
hile assisting with the commissioning
of a biosafety level 3 laboratory for ag-
ricultural hazards, I was asked by the
project manager to investigate why the
two 100-percent-redundant, HEPA-filtered, high-veloc-
ity exhaust fans serving the space were not performing
as designed. Troubleshooting the system
led to a substantial learning experience.
Normal operating mode had thetwo fans
operating in parallel. In the event of a fan
failure, the remaining fan would ramp up
to maintain the field-adjustable (FA) ex-
haust static-pressure setpoint of 2.95 in.
wc. To ensure critical room-pressure dif-
ferentials in the space were maintained,
this pressure setpoint was achieved with
both fans running at 48.6 Hz variable-fre-
quency-drive (VFD) speed. During an ini-
tial fan-failure test, with one fan stopped
and i ts associ ated i sol ati on dampers
closed, the remaining fan ramped up to
60 Hz, but could achieve static pressure of
only 1.45 in. wc.
During the transition from two redun-
dant to one single operating fan, critical
room differential pressure was being lost.
Although some of the pressure-indepen-
dent, constant-volume boxes achieved de-
sign flow in the space and began throttling,
several did not and were 100-percent open. In the time
between a single fan failing and closing its isolation
damper and the redundant fan ramping up to meet load,
the air terminals opened up, looking for more flow. The
boxes on the shortest (lowest pressure drop) branches
were able to achieve flow and begin throttling, but the
boxes on more distant (higher pressure drop) branches
were starvedand the static-pressure setpoint was
never reached on one fan.
As I traversed the clean side of the ductwork up to
the HEPA-filter caisson to create a static-pressure profile
of the system, I looked for significant losses that could be
corrected. I did not continue the profile on the dirty
side of the HEPA filters, as this would call for drilling into
fully welded stainless-steel ductwork.
The HEPA caisson had three distinct filter banks with
decontamination ports and bubble-tight dampers up-
stream and downstream of each filter to allow for de-
contamination in place prior to filter removal. Through
a systematic series of measurements, I determined one
of the bubble-tight HEPA-filter isolation dampers was
closed. The indicator on the manual operator was in-
stalled incorrectly, showing open when the damper
was closed. This effectively closed off one-third of the
HEPA-filter free area and added significant pressure
drop across the remaining filters. By in-
creasing the flow to 150 percent of design
on the remaining filters, the pressure drop
more than doubled.
With the indicator fixed and HEPA-filter-
bank isolation damper open, the failure-
mode test was repeated. A single installed
fan running alone still could not maintain
static-pressure setpoint in the space, but it
did show improvement, and we were able
to hold 1.80 in. wc, while all air terminals
began to throttle, the worst of which was
95-percent open. Critical room airflows
and differential pressures were maintained
to guarantee containment in the space. Job
done, right?
Wrong. Now we had a system that was
just barely functioning with clean HEPA
filters while maintaining an exhaust-fan
static setpoint of 2.95 in. wc. How were
we going to ensure the system was ro-
bust enough after including the additional
1.0-in.-wc pressure drop with dirty filters?
Where could we find an additional 1 in. wc of pressure
from this system to make the current installation work
without significant change orders or schedule delays?
While studying the building-automation system, I
noticed while maintaining 2.95-in.-wc setpoint at the
exhaust main, the worst-case terminal box was control-
ENGINEERING GREEN BUILDINGS
BY KEVIN KOSS, PE, LEED AP; ACS; MADISON, WIS.
Commissioning Uncovers Opportunity for Energy Savings
As
commissioning
agents, we
are ethical
professionals,
and our clients
deserve the
attention
required to
fine-tune their
systems vs. us
simply kicking
the tires.
Kevin Koss, PE, LEED AP, is a mechanical engineer with
ACS, a company specializing in the integration of equipment
and building systems in technically complex test environ-
ments. His responsibilities include HVAC and mechanical
design and estimating, project engineer-
ing, and commissioning. He has a bach-
elors degree in mechanical engineering
from the University of Wisconsin-Platte-
ville and more than 19 years of industry ex-
perience, including hands-on maintenance
and management as a mechanic in the U.S.
Army Reserves.
Seek out artificial inefficiencies in HVAC systems, and it is likely you will find them
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SysLenai| is 1CC conniLLed Lo p|ovide elcienL venLilaLion
p|odJcLs lo| a conlo|Laole clinaLe wiLn |eal ene|gy savings.
Tne dille|ence is all in Lne deLails.
Circle 156
312-738-3800
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online
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4 inches
movement in
all directions
ling to only 40-percent open, and all
others serving the space were less
open. Because they were pressure-
independent, constant-flow boxes,
I began to manipulate the static
setpoint. Simultaneously watching
all the boxes serving the space as I
very slowly lowered the setpoint, I
watched until at least one box was
75-percent open to ensure the air
terminals were still in a control-
lable range. This allowed for my
new static-pressure setpoint to be
2.0 in. wc. I found enough addi-
tional static to compensate for the
dirty filters, with little more cost
invested than a coupl e hours of
time.
In my quest for the system to
achieve the static-pressure setpoint
and provide stable flow for the ex-
haust system while operating one
fan, I contacted the fan, motor, and
VFD manufacturers. Getting al l
of their blessings, I increased the
100-percent VFD maximum speed
to 66 Hz. This allowed for the same
exhaust static setpoint of 2.0 in. wc
to be reached, regardless of whether
one or two fans were operating.
Analyze the System,
Not the Components
The most i mpor t ant l esson
learned from this troubleshooting
exercise is that, many times, the en-
gineer of record will enter a con-
servative static- pressure setpoint
based on the engineering calcula-
tion of the system design (2.95 in.
wc FA in this case). The FA option
rarely is exercised on a system that
functions per design intent. I never
would have thought twice about it if
this system passed the fan-failure-
mode functional-performance test.
As commissioning agents, we
work closely with test-and-balance
and controls contractors, ensuring a
fully functioning building system is
delivered to the client. We are ethi-
cal professionals, and our clients
deserve the attention required to
fine-tune their systems vs. us simply
kicking the tires.
According to the fan laws:
(2.00 in. 2.95 in.) 48.6 Hz = 40 Hz
which is the new exhaust-fan
speed to maintain set point.
(40 Hz 48.6 Hz)
3
= 55.8 percent
which is the reduction in power
consumption required to maintain
the new lower setpoint.
We started at a reasonable 10-hp
operating point; we are now oper-
ating at 5.6 hp. That is a 4.4-hp sav-
ings, or 3.3 kw, which is nearly 28,900
kwh per year.
Based on the local electrical rates,
this subtle and unnoticed setpoint
manipulation from 2.95 in. to 2.00
in. saved this client more than $2,500
per year in electrical utility costs on
a system that runs 24/7 because the
fans no longer must maintain an ar-
bitrarily high static setpoint.
This was one air system in a build-
ing with five air handlers and eight ex-
haust fans, with hot-water and chilled-
water pumps and piping. I estimate
an additional $10,000 per year could
be saved if the same investigation was
completed on all systems. That may
not be significant to a building that
consumes $25,000 per month in elec-
tricity, but it is real dollars and real
savings in resource consumption and
carbon-dioxide production. The pay-
back period for this exercise was only
a couple of months and has a return on
investment that will carry forward.
Take a close look at balancing
valves and dampers, circuit setters,
and control valves and dampers as a
whole system, and look for inefficien-
cies. Are you maintaining artificially
high setpoints on the HVAC project
you are working on right now? Are
you operating with the least amount
of acceptable pressure drop across
the fans and pumps? Are there ar-
tificial inefficiencies that could be
removed with little effort to make
the system perform better, more ef-
ficiently, and more cost-effectively
than it does today?
Circle 157
ENGINEERING GREEN BUILDINGS
Circle 158
T
rane made a triumphant return
to the International Air-Con-
ditioning, Heating, Refrigerat-
ing Exposition (AHR Expo) in 2013,
celebrating its 100-year anniversary
with one of the largest, most talked
about, and most visited booths at the
event, held Jan. 28-30 in Dallas.
The company, which last exhib-
ited at the AHR Expo approximately
15 years ago, highlighted seven
new solutions for the health-care,
education, hospitality, retail, com-
mercial, industrial, and data-center
markets:
The Advantage VRF variable
refrigerant system, which closely
matches energy use to demand,
providing heating and cooling to
only the areas of a building in need
of it.
Intelligent variable-air systems,
whi ch are sai d t o be 20 t o 30
percent more energy-efficient than
tradi ti onal vari abl e-ai r-vol ume
(VAV) systems.
IntelliPak I packaged rooftop
units, which provide static-efficiency
improvements of 15 to 20 percent
compared wi t h t radi t i onal f an
technologies and, when coupled
with higher-efficiency refrigeration-
system components and system
control strategi es, can achi eve
building energy savings of up to
22 percent.
The Series S CenTraVac chiller
featuring AdaptiSpeed technol -
ogy for replacement and retrofit
applications.
Axiom variable-speed water-
source heat pumps, now available
in horizontal configurations.
Wireless Comm, said to be the
industrys first control system to run
BACnet protocol on top of ZigBee
Building Automation standards and
to be ZigBee-certified.
High-efficiency terminal devices
with electrically commutated motors
and single-zone VAV capability.
For more highlights from Tranes
2013 AHR Expo exhibit, visit www
.trane.com/ahr-2013/.
FROM THE FIELD NEWS & NOTES
Trane Celebrates 100 Years
in Return to the AHR Expo
EnVisioneer Entries Sought
Danfoss, manufacturer of high-
efficiency electronic and
mechanical components and
controls for air-conditioning,
heating, refrigeration, and motion
systems, is accepting entries for
its annual EnVisioneer of the Year
award competition.
The competition recognizes
U.S. end users, municipalities,
building owners, and original-
equipment manufacturers who
introduced a new product, opened
a new facility, or invested in a
building or system upgrade using
Danfoss products or solutions,
realizing significant energy and/or
environmental savings, during the
last 18 months.
A panel of judges representing
different disciplines in the fields
of industry, water, and HVACR
will review all applications and
select the winner, with Danfoss
making a donation to charity in
the winners honor.
Previous recipients of the
award are Smardt Chiller Group
Inc. (2012), Multistack LLC
(2011), and Mars Supermarkets
(2010).
Entries are due no later than
July 1, 2013. For more
information, visit http://bit.ly/
EnVisioneer_award, or contact
Lisa Tryson, director of corporate
communications and public
relations, at LisaTryson@danfoss
.com or 410-513-1142.
Design-Build Hotline Started
The Design-Build Institute of
America (DBIA) recently
established a hotline for public
agencies and private owners
using or considering design-build,
an approach to project delivery
combining design and
construction services under one
contract, with a single point of
IN BRIEF
Continued on Page 15
In recognition of Tranes 100-year anniversary, visitors to the companys booth at the 2013
AHR Expo in Dallas signed a wall of congratulations.
C
O
U
R
T
E
S
Y

O
F

T
R
A
N
E
Faster and easier: Flexible, quick, and cost-
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Right-sized: The pre-engineered 50kW modules
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redundancy requirements as needed, lowering
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Energy-efficient: Automatically switches between
air-to -air and indirect evaporative heat exchange
for the most efficient cooling. A supplemental DX
circuit on board gives additional peace-of-mind
reliability.
Two economizer modes: Indirect evaporative
cooling and air-to-air heat exchange in the same
module enable more economization opportunities.
Business-wise, Future-driven.
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Scalable
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Adaptable
Ability to address any cooling
requirement worldwide via
multiple modules and frame
voltages/frequencies.
Easy
Faster and easier installation
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Circle 159
With an international standing that has attracted more then 4,500 members
and 65 chapters around the world, the Society of Fire Protection Engineers
(SFPE) advances the science and practice of re protection engineering world-
wide. Our strength and the future of the industry rely on the innovative think-
ing and active participation of professional re protection engineers just like
you. And, our members realize benets they cant get anywhere else
Gain the credibility you need to advance your career.
Build life-long alliances and share ideas and solutions with more than
4,500 industry peers and 65 local chapters through SFPEs many
networking opportunities throughout the year.
Stay up to date on new developments (and new opportunities) through
SFPEs monthly e-newsletter, web site postings, blog, and job board.
Sharpen your expertise on technical topics through the quarterly peer re-
viewed Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, Fire Protection Engineering
Magazine, design guides, and other publicationsas well as continuing
education programs, symposia, and distance learning.
Access smart opportunities and enjoy discounts on publications, educa-
tional events, and professional liability and group insurance programs.
Shape the future of re protection engineering by contributing
your time and expertise as a volunteer.
TYes! I would like to advance my career and help shape the future of re protection engineering. Sign me up for a year of SFPE member benets. I
understand that the $215 annual membership fee entitles me to all of the benets described above.
TI am not an engineer, but I would like to build alliances with the industry. Enroll me in the SFPE Allied Professional Group. Annual dues are $107.50.
Complimentary memberships are available to engineering students and recent graduates. Visit www.sfpe.org/membership/join for application details.
Method of Payment
TEnclosed is my check made payable to SFPE.
Please charge my TAmerican Express TMasterCard TVisa
Credit card number: Expiration Date:
Signature:
Print Full Name:
Address:
City/Town:
State/Province:
Postal Code:
Country:
Referred by:
Invest in your career
Join the Society of Fire Protection Engineers
Company:
Phone Number:
E-mail:
SFPE Membership Application
Enjoy full benets as an Afliate Member just as soon as we receive
your payment. Your welcome packet will include a detailed ap-
plication for upgraded membership as an Associate or Professional
Member, which is based on educational and practice accomplish-
ments and entitles you to a certicate and special recognition.
MAIL to SFPE at 7315 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 620E, Bethesda, MD 20814 or FAX to (301) 718-2242
or email Sean Kelleher at skelleher@sfpe.org
www.sfpe.org
Circle 160
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FROM THE FIELD NEWS & NOTES
Calendar
APRIL 15-19
Testing, Adjusting and Balancing;
Madison, Wis.; University of Wiscon-
si nMadi son; http: //bi t. l y/UWM_
N273.
MAY 2-4
2013 NEBB Annual Conf er ence:
Sol ut i ons f or Opt i mi z i ng Hi gh
Performance Buildings, Montreal,
National Environmental Balancing
Bu r e a u , h t t p : / / b i t . l y / NE BB_
2013.
Circle 161
responsibility.
We know that ... as design-
build becomes an increasingly
attractive option for public and
private owners, questions about
how to properly procure design-
build services, select the right
team, and execute design-build
effectively arise, DBIA Executive
Director and Chief Executive
Officer Lisa Washington said.
The DBIA Owner Hotline is
staffed by professionals with
extensive experience in design-
build and deep knowledge of
design-build best practices from
both the owner and practitioner
perspectives. It is a resource for
key aspects of design-build and
guidance on additional tools and
information sources. It is not
intended as a replacement for
consulting or legal services.
The DBIA Owner Hotline is
monitored from 8 a.m. to 5
p.m. ET Monday through Friday,
holidays excluded. Inquiries made
during those hours receive a
response within 24 hr. Inquiries
made on weekends and holidays
receive a response the next
business day.
The DBIA Owner Hotline can be
accessed by phone at 866-USE-
DBIA (1-866-873-3242) or e-mail
at ownerhotline@dbia.org.
Camfil Farr Changes Name
In 2000, Camfil, a Europe-
based manufacturer of air filters,
purchased Farr Co., a U.S.-based
manufacturer of air filters, and
changed its name to Camfil Farr.
Believing the Camfil name to now
be well-recognized in the United
States, and with operations
expanded to Asia and Australia,
the company is celebrating its
50-year anniversary in 2013 by
returning to its original name,
Camfil.
IN BRIEF
Continued from Page 12
T
he MuseumHouse is a center-
piece of luxury living located
on Torontos prestigious Bloor
Street West. The 19-story building
has 27 luxury condominiums. At $2
million to $12 million apiece, each
condo offers residents a stunning
panoramic view of the city, a private
elevator, a grand terrace, and spar-
kling glass walls. Until recently, each
condo also featured excessively leaky
ductwork: in some cases, 300 cfm of
leakage per unit.
To pass its performance audit and
meet air-handling specifications,
Yorkville Corp., the owners of this
newly constructed high-rise build-
ing, were faced with the prospect of
tearing down interior drywall and
manually sealing each of the build-
ings 25 duct systems. Instead, the
owners enlisted the help of JW Dan-
forth, a residential and commercial
HVAC contracting company based
in Tonawanda, N.Y., and the areas
experts on Aeroseal duct-sealing
technology. Aeroseal was used to
quickly seal the leaky ducts and get
the HVAC system working to speci-
fication, with no costly renovation
required.
Aeroseal was developed at Law-
rence Berkeley National Laboratory
in 1994. It is the only duct-sealant
technology that is applied from the
inside of the duct system. It is deliv-
ered as a non-toxic aerosol mist that
seeks out and plugs leaks. The De-
partment of Energy named Aeroseal
technology one of the top 23 most
important energy-conservation tech-
nologies to be introduced since the
department was established.
To prepare for the Aeroseal pro-
cess, furniture, artwork, and other
valuables in the occupied apartments
were covered in plastic, and filtration
fans were set up to catch any errant
sealant particles, minimizing cleanup
requirements. Then, the Aeroseal
sealant was sprayed throughout the
inside of the ductwork. The average
time required to seal an apartment,
including cleanup, was one day. The
average results: 90 percent of duct
leakage was eliminated, with air loss
in the leakiest units reduced from 300
cfm to 6.5 cfm.
Aeroseal was the only viable op-
tion, David Hart, project manager,
Yorkville Construction, said. Our
only other alternative was to tear
down the walls inside each apart-
ment and seal the individual duct sys-
tems manually. From a purely mone-
tary standpoint, this approach saved
us hundreds of thousands of dollars
in renovation costs.
Even if we were able to access the
ductwork to manually seal the leaks,
the design of the building itself would
have made the work impossible,
Ken Kwasniak, service operations
manager, JW Danforth, said. The
space between the duct system and
the surrounding structures left no
room to apply sealant on all sides of
each joint. The unique supply grilles
left little space to reach the leaks typi-
cally found there as well. By sealing
from inside the ductwork, Aeroseal
made us heroes. It allowed us to ac-
cess all the leaks while leaving the
walls and all the beautiful detailing
intact.
Aeroseal saved The Museum-
House thousands of dollars in project
costs while proving minimally dis-
ruptive to its residents, Neal Walsh,
vice president, Aeroseal LLC, said.
It allowed the building engineers
to easily get the HVAC system well
under legal specifications and will
save the condo owners hundreds of
dollars each year in utility costs.
Information and photographs courtesy
of Aeroseal.
Circle 100
FROM THE FIELD DESIGN SOLUTIONS
EDITED BY RON RAJECKI, SENIOR EDITOR
Duct-Sealing Technology Eliminates
Leaks at Ultraluxurious Condominiums
Internal sealing process reduces leakage by 90 percent
The Aeroseal system being put into in place
in a unit at the MuseumHouse.
Technicians monitor the Aeroseal duct-sealing
process in a unit at the MuseumHouse.
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Circle 162
O
ne might not expect mold
problems in the arid Arizona
climate, but from mid-July
through September, the city of Yuma
experiences monsoon season.
Over the years, serious mold issues
developed in both buildings on the
Yuma High School campus: Old
Main, a three-story, 30,000-sq-ft
facility built in 1910, and Snider
Hal l , a t wo-st ory, 20, 000-sq-f t
facility built in 1921. Two-pipe fan-
coil units installed in each classroom
were not sized to handle increased
humidity. Additionally, the buildings
were designed to provide only 5 cfm
of outdoor air per person, even less
of which was delivered because
outdoor-air dampers often were
cl osed. The l ack of vent i l at i on
resulted in carbon-dioxide (CO2)
levels of 2,000 to 6,000 ppm.
After spending millions of dollars
cleaning up the mold, Yuma School
District decided to invest in a more
reliable, economical HVAC system.
The new system was designed not
only to keep the mold problems
from reoccurring, but to comply with
the 15-cfm-per-person outdoor-air
requirement of ANSI/ASHRAE Stan-
dard 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality.
The Solution
John Sternitzke of Sternco Engi-
neers determined a dedicated out-
door-air system with energy recov-
ery would be the most economical
solution.
The ventilation system at Yuma
High School util izes Greenheck
Model ERCH, which combines the
benefits of a total enthalpy wheel
with supplemental cooling and
heating. Seven ERCH units
with chilled-water cool-
ing and hot-water heat-
i ng were i nst al l ed.
One ERCH uni t per
floor supplies ventila-
tion air at 65F and
35-percent RH to
the return side of the
fan-coil units in each
classroom. Exhaust
air is pulled from the
corridors and routed
back to the ERCH unit.
The ERCH units elim-
inated the need for the fan-
coil units to handle the latent load of
outdoor air. Also, because the ERCH
units handle the entire outdoor-air
load, outdoor-air volume was able to
be increased to meet current venti-
lation standards without additional
cooling equipment.
Results
More than a year after the ERCH
units were installed, tests for mold
were negative.
Our indoor-air quality has im-
proved, especially the humidity,
Dave Folsom, director of mainte-
nance for Yuma School District,
said, adding, CO2 levels have been
reduced to 1,200 ppm or less, while,
Math and sci ence scores have
jumped.
With the ERCH units, Sternitzke
was able to specify a semi-custom
energy-recovery unit that satisfied
the needs of the school district while
staying within budget. Additionally,
he knows the district has a top-per-
forming ventilation system: The en-
ergy wheel is certified per ARI 1060,
Rating Air-to-Air Energy Recovery
Ventilation Heat Exchangers, while
the entire unit is Air Movement and
Control Association International-
licensed for air performance.
Information and images courtesy of
Greenheck Fan Corp.
Circle 101
FROM THE FIELD DESIGN SOLUTIONS
Dedicated Outdoor Air, Energy Recovery
Rise to Schools Ventilation Challenge
System prevents recurrence of serious mold issues
The Model ERCH energy-recovery ventilator.
Yuma High School, one of the oldest schools in Arizona, has a student body of 3,000.
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info.duct@armacell.com
2013 Armacell LLC. Made in USA. MICROBAN is a registered trademark of Microban Products Company. The GREENGUARD
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FROM THE FIELD PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
Variable-speed-compressor
option
RN Series pack-
aged r oof t op
units are avail-
able in capacities of 55 to 140 tons.
Variable-speed, direct-drive, backward-
curved plenum fans provide quiet,
energy-efficient airflow at all static-
pressure conditions. The addition of
variable-frequency-drive-controlled vari-
able-speed compressors results in unit
efficiencies of up to 16 IEER. AAON
Circle 1
Energy-recovery-wheel option
An energy-recovery wheel that recov-
ers approximately 75
percent of energy from
an exhaust-air stream
is available for Rebel
rooftop units. Rebel
units without energy recovery achieve
integrated energy-efficiency ratios as
high as 20.6; the energy-recovery op-
tion allows for even greater efficien-
cies, especially for applications requir-
ing large amounts of ventilation air.
Daikin-McQuay Circle 2
Expanded capacity range
The Atherion commercial packaged
ventilation system now has a capacity
range of 7.5 to 30 tons
with the addition of
a B-cabinet model.
Atherion units offer
optional high-efficiency
gas heating and MERV 16 filtra-
tion. Modine Circle 3
High-efficiency package units
Available in 7.5-, 10-, 15- and 20-ton
sizes, the Prestige Series of commer-
cial package units features MicroChan-
nel coil technology, which uses up to
50- per cent l ess r e-
frigerant than conven-
tional coils. Some models
include variable-frequency-drive sup-
ply fans, which save energy by reduc-
ing airflow by 50 percent during first-
stage cooling and fan-only operation.
Rheem Circle 4
Forty-ton scroll compressor
Designed for rooftop units and chillers
that use R-410A refrigerant, the SH485
scroll compressor features an interme-
diate discharge valve that adapts to
varying loads and ambient conditions,
optimizing a system
throughout the year.
As a resul t, the
SH485 offers up to
24-percent higher
part-load efficiency in manifold configura-
tions compared with other compressors.
Danfoss Circle 5
Circle 164
Rooftop Units
When you start with the premise that the absolute
best option is the only option, its not surprising when
you end up with a family of highly innovative, high-
performance products. At Rinnai, were proud to offer
a wide array of versatile, gas-powered solutions to
meet the most demanding water and home-heating
needs of homeowners and businesses alike. From our
precisely engineered Tankless Water Heaters to our
high-effciency Boilers and Direct Vent Wall Furnaces,
you can count on Rinnai to deliver endless comfort,
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Direct vent
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ITS IN OUR FAMILY DNA.
Circle 165
2013 AHR Expo Product Review
Potable-water piping
The Greenpipe recyclable polypropylene-random (PP-R)
piping system for potable-water applications is now avail-
able in diameters of up to 18 in. The 18-
in. Greenpipe features a standard-dimen-
sion-ratio-11 (SDR 11) wall thickness and is
capable of delivering 4,000 to 6,000 gpm.
The pipes natural R-value of 1or more
depending on pipe size and SDRdelivers
potential savings by reducing energy loss.
Aquatherm Circle 6
Air-filter-clog detector
The FILTERSCAN air-filter-clog detector provides visual, au-
dible, and remote alerts that a filter needs servicing by moni-
toring changes in differential pressure in an HVAC system.
The detector automatically compensates for changes in
system blower speed; can be installed
upstream, downstream, or differen-
tially across a filter; and works with
single-speed, multispeed, and most
variable-air-volume systems. It auto-
matically recalibrates each time a clogged air filter is serviced.
CleanAlert Circle 7
Fabric-duct tensioning system
The SkeleCore in-duct cylindrical tensioning system for textile
HVAC ductwork has been expanded with the addition of a
fabric-tensioning system (FTS). The FTS
consists of cylindrical tensioning rings
attached circumferentially to the fabric
via sewn-in clips at the inlet, end cap, and
connections; fabric-supporting internal
rings; and a lightweight aluminum back-
bone tube. A lower-cost internal-hoop system (IHS) consisting
of factory-installed hoops is also available. DuctSox Circle 8
Air purifier
The commercial series APCO rack system is a non-ozone
air-purification system for HVAC units in commercial, indus-
trial, and institutional facilities. It features ultraviolet-C (UVC)
germicidal irradiation for airborne and HVAC-unit in-
ternal-surface disinfection combined with gas-
phase air purification and photocatalytic
oxi dat i on ( PCO) t o capt ur e
and neutralize volatile organic
compounds. The system can be
installed in all brands of package and air-handling
units ranging from 10 to 200 tons. FreshAire UV
Circle 9
Heat-recovery system
The Airstage VR-II heat-recovery system allows for simultane-
ous heating and cooling operation. Single outdoor units are
available from 6 to 10 tons; units can
be combined to provide up to 24 tons
on a single refrigerant circuit. When
multiple outdoor units are combined,
compressor control logic automatically
balances the mass flow rate of each compressor. One refrig-
eration circuit can supply up to 45 indoor air handlers.
Fujitsu Circle 10
Wall-mount water heater
The latest additions to the ARMOR family of
water heaters are wall-mount models with
inputs of 125,000 Btuh and 199,999 Btuh. The
units offer up to 96 percent thermal efficiency
with a 5:1 turndown and a compact design
that fits tight installations. They are designed
to be installed with a separate unfired storage
tank, which prevents lime-scale buildup from
impairing a systems heat-transfer efficiency. Lochinvar
Circle 11
In-line expansion joint
The Seismic Gator in-line expansion joint is designed to pro-
tect piping spanning a build-
ings seismic joint. It is capable
of 4 in. of movement in all di-
rections. It is engineered with
gimbal and bellows technolo-
gies combined with a MetraGa-
tor expansion joint. It has a maximum working pressure
of 150 psi and a maximum working temperature of 700F.
Metraflex Circle 12
Energy-recovery system
The eQ Series dedicated-outdoor-air energy-recovery sys-
tem is available in eight sizes under
15,000 cfm for schools, offices, hotels,
and other commercial applications of
50,000 sq ft and less. The unit features
an onboard microprocessor and 3-ang-
strom molecular sieve enthalpy-wheel
technology. The Dynamic Novel Auto-
mation controller monitors both out-
door temperature and dew point to determine when the
enthalpy-based economizer cycle should activate the mois-
ture-removal and reheating modes. SEMCO Circle 13
Indoor-swimming-pool dehumidifier
The Protocol NP Series indoor-
swimming-pool dehumidifier is
available in capacities from 18 to
140 tons. The units are designed
to provide energy-efficient na-
tatori um space heati ng/cool -
See more at envisioneering.danfoss.com/vfd
Thanks to fan and pump a nity
laws, properly applied VLT drives
can improve e ciency from
45% to 70% to meet demanding
energy e ciency goals.
energy reductions for
ASHRAE 90.1 and 189.1
Rebate savings oered by many utilities shorten
payback by recognizing Danfoss VLT drives
high energy e ciency and power factor correction.
potential utility rebates for applying VFDs
From utility rebates to energy standards:
See where EnVisioneering
SM

can take you
Start saving fan and pump energy exponentially, like
OEMs and commercial building owners have for over
25 years, by partnering with the experts who engineered
the rst VFD dedicated for HVAC. Like using a dimmer
to dial the exact amount of light desired, Danfoss
VLT variable-frequency drives can tune motor power
to precise load requirements helping you meet
todays evolving energy e ciency goals.
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE
Circle 166
ing and humidity control, while offering free pool-water
heating and reheat through heat recovery. The Protocol
Series replaces vapor-compression refrigerants with glycol,
an environmentally preferred heat-transfer fluid for LEED
and other sustainable-building projects. Seresco USA Inc.
Circle 14
High-efficiency-pump line
Wet-rotor Vi ri di an pumps feature
electronically commutated motors,
fully automated self-sensing variable-
speed operation, and simple Web-
style controls. They are available in
capacities of up to 375 gpm. An Eth-
ernet connection allows remote control, monitoring, and
adjustment. The Viridian is suitable for fluid temperatures
from 14F to 230F and water/glycol mixtures in concentra-
tions of up to 50 percent. Taco Circle 15
Redesigned UV-C fixture
The redesigned X-Plus UV UV-C NEMA 4X fixture accom-
modates 17- to 61-in.
extended-base lamps,
which easily mount from
the exterior of any HVAC
system, air handler, ple-
num, or duct. The rede-
signed version nearly
doubles lamp-length compatibility, while a new ballast pro-
vides voltage flexibility from 120 V to 208/230/240 V and 277
VAC. The ballast automatically matches its output voltage
and current to the power requirements of a particular lamp.
UV Resources Circle 16
Hydronic balancing solutions
Victaulic provides a comprehensive line of hydronic bal-
ancing products, as well as Tour & An-
dersson (TA) instruments (TA-SCOPE
and TA-CMI ) and software (TA Li nk
and TA Sel ect). TA-SCOPE provi des
quick and accurate measurement of
differential pressure, flow, tempera-
ture, and power to ensure hydronic
heating and cooling systems are operating at the most
economic and comfortable settings; TA Select makes
valve selection easy as it takes desired flow, pressure
drop, and flow rate into consideration during valve selec-
tion. Victaulic Circle 17
Plastic-pipe-fusion system
The TRITON pipe-fusion system is a plastic-pipe-welding solu-
tion that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic technology
to improve pipe-joining and testing times. Using TRITON,
-in. plastic pipe can be fused in approximately 40 sec, and
welds are ready for pressure testing immediately. TRITON in-
cludes three componentsa con-
trol unit, fusers, and fittingsthat
operate together to create durable
outside-diameter welds offering
unobstructed flow and low pres-
sure drop. Watts Circle 18
Circulator pump
Designed for commercial hydronic applications, the
MAGNA3 variable-speed wet-rotor circulator features the
AUTOAdapt function, which automatically and continu-
ously adjusts circulator performance, and the FLOWADAPT
control mode, which reduces the need
for pump throttling valves. The pumps
variable-speed, electronically commu-
tated motor uses an integrated logic
algorithm to learn the energy-usage
patterns of an application over time,
enabling the software to automatically determine the low-
est operating efficiency point to meet ever-changing de-
mand. Grundfos Circle 19
Liquid-desiccant system
The DT-RT 2500/15 i s a factory-as-
sembled, single-piece liquid-desic-
cant dehumi di fi cati on and cool i ng
unit. The non-toxic lithium-chloride
desi ccant - based syst em enabl es
preci se control of i ndoor envi ron-
ments by offering independent temperature and hu-
mi di ty control i n a si ngl e packaged roof top uni t.
Advantix Systems Circle 20
Water pressure booster system
The Aurora IntelliBoost variable-speed constant-pressure
booster system is designed for fresh-water applications in high-
rises, office buildings, hospitals, hotels, and
other commercial and industrial applications.
The system combines a variable-frequency
drive for each pump and a programmable
logic controller with a proportional integral
derivative loop to stage up to four pumps
based on pressure and flow needs. Pentair
Circle 21
Brazed-plate heat
exchangers
Four models of 3-in. and 4-in. brazed-
plate heat exchangers are well-suited
for large hydronic heating applications,
refrigerant evaporators, condensers
with large chillers, and many other ap-
plications requiring flow rates of up to
800 gpm. All have a design pressure of 435 psig and min/max
design temperature of 310F/450F. Xylem Circle 22
Augmented-reality app
The Titus augmented-reality (AR) app allows smartphones
and tablets to recognize images in Titus HVAC literature and
printed documents and augment it with hidden content,
such as video, animation, and drawings. The
free app is designed to provide consulting
engineers with additional explanations and
make content easier to understand by seeing
it in action using multimedia channels. The
company has incorporated Titus AR logos in print catalogs,
equipment, advertisements, and business cards. Custom-
ers simply download the Titus AR app and then use their
smartphones to scan the logo to unlock the hidden content.
Titus Circle 23
Building-automation gateway
QuickServer is a high-performance, fully configurable build-
ing and industrial automation gateway designed to enable
integrators to easily interface devices to networks in com-
mercial buildings and industrial plants. The
FS-QS-10XX Series is preloaded with two BAS
drivers (serial, Ethernet, and/or LonWorks)
and can handle up to 250 points. The FS-
QS-12XX Series QuickServer can use any
serial, Ethernet, or LonWorks driver in the
extensive FieldServer driver library. The FS-
QS-12XX Series can handle up to 500 points
and is available with a choice of RS-485, RS-
232, or RS-422 serial ports in addition to Ethernet and Lon-
Works. Field Server Technologies Circle 24
Fan diffuser
The AxiTop diffuser has been optimized
for use as a passive component in ebm-
papst 800- and 910-mm series fans. The
low-profile (250 mm tall) diffuser reduces
discharge losses substantially. Energy sav-
ings of up to 27 percent and a simultaneous
7.2-dB(A) reduction in operating noise are
attainable. With the same power consumption, an AxiTop-
equipped fan can generate up to a 9-percent higher flow rate
with an approximate 4.9-dB(A) reduction in noise compared
with a fan without the diffuser. ebm-papst Circle 25
Variable-refrigerant-flow with heat
recovery
Carrier has expanded its variable-refrigerant-flow (VRF)
offerings to include heat-recovery models under the
name Toshiba Carrier SHRM-i. Toshiba Carrier SHRM-i VRF
systems feature multiple inverter-driven compressors.
The three-pipe heat-recovery systems are well-suited for
applications requiring simultaneous heating and cool-
ing, maximizing efficiency by transferring energy from
one indoor zone to another through refrigerant piping.
Carrier Circle 26
Low-horsepower motors
The ARKTIC 59 constant-speed, brushless DC
motor is offered in a
1
/
15
-hp version with an
operating speed of 500 to 1,800 rpm. The
electronically commutated motor is de-
signed to be a drop-in replacement for 3.3-in.
shaded-pole and permanent-split-capacitor motors in the
evaporators of commercial refrigeration walk-in coolers and
freezers. Morrill Motors Circle 27
BACnet thermostats
AppStat BAC-4000 thermostats combine a BACnet
controller and temperature/humidity/motion-
sensor options in a single, space-mounted de-
vice. AppStat is an integrated native BACnet
application-specific controller. No external
communication or occupancy modules are required.
All models include an integrated BACnet schedule and
hardware real-time clock with 72-hr capacitor backup for
stand-alone operation or network time synchronization.
KMC Controls Circle 28
Water-source heat pump
The Tranquility 22 two-stage compact TY water-
source heat pump is available in 2- to 5-ton ca-
pacities with multiple cabinet options (vertical
upflow and horizontal) and has one of
the industrys smallest footprints, mak-
ing it suitable for installation in tight
places and for the replacement/retrofit
market. The TY has an extended-range
refrigerant circuit for both ground-loop
(geothermal) and water-loop (boiler-tower) applications.
ClimateMaster Circle 29
Pipe coupling
The Grinnell Rapid Installation Pivot-Bolt (GRIP) coupling is
designed to provide easy, consistent pipe coupling. The pivot
bolt means there is only one bolt to tighten,
which reduces installation time. The cou-
plings patented tongue-and-groove pad
grips the entire circumference of a pipes
groove. The couplings can withstand
pressures of up to 750 psi and temperatures
of up to 250F. Grinnell Circle 30
Mobile app for refrigeration systems
A mobile application for Android phones and iPhones helps
technicians troubleshoot mechanical and electrical problems
in a refrigeration system. When a system problem
is entered, the app provides possible origin sce-
narios to help pinpoint a solution. The app works
with all refrigeration systems regardless of cool-
ing capacity or compressor brand. Embraco
Circle 31
W
By WILLIAM J. STANGELAND
McGuire Engineers Inc.
Chicago, Ill.
With energy costs on the rise and the future of oil,
natural gas, and other fossil fuels unknown, saving
energy is top of mind for many building owners and
managers. The ticket to increased energy efficiencyas
well as reduced occupant complaints and lower operating
costsis retrocommissioning.
This article will discuss what retrocommissioning is,
why it is important, what buildings need it, and what its
benefits are. Additionally, the article will discuss ways in
which retrocommissioning is implemented and touch on
pertinent code changes.
What Is Retrocommissioning?
Retrocommissioning is a systematic and documented
process for identifying no- and low-cost improvements
that can boost the efficiency and performance of an
existing building. Through investigation, analysis, and
opt i mi zat i on of bui l di ng perf ormance t hrough
operations-and-maintenance- (O&M-) improvement
measures, retrocommissioning seeks to improve how
building equipment and systems function together.
The retrocommissioning process for existing build-
ings essentially is the same as the commissioning
process for new ones, involving inspection and testing
of HVAC, plumbing, electrical, lighting, and life-safety
systems, as well as the building envelope. The process
also includes checking for complete documentation
and ensuring building operators are sufficiently trained
to sustain building performance. Participants in the
retrocommissioning process include the buildings
O&M staff; the building-automation-system (BAS)
contractor; the testing, adjusting, and balancing contrac-
tor; various service personnel; and the commissioning
authority.
Retrocommissioning uncovers problems stemming
from design or construction. Additionally, it identifies
the types of issues that develop throughout a buildings
life.
Why Is Retrocommissioning Needed?
As buildings age and their use changes, system
efficiency degrades and operational requirements
change. With retrocommissioning, building systems are
optimized through O&M upgrades, tune-up activities,
and diagnostic testing. The process is performed on all
building systems, including HVAC, plumbing, electrical,
lighting, and life safety, as well as the building envelope.
Reasons to retrocommission a building include:
Reduce operating costs.
Identify and resolve building-system control and
maintenance issues.
Minimize operational risks.
Increase asset value.
Improve comfort and indoor-air quality (IAQ).
Reduce liability.
Improve tenant satisfaction and retention.
Identify O&M-staff training needs.
Update O&M manuals and procedures to reflect
current building use.
Extend equipment life.
Obtain LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environ-
mental Design) for Existing Buildings or ENERGY STAR
certification.
Qualify for local rebates or incentives.
Buildings as new as 2 to 3 years old, in which excessive
energy use often goes unnoticed, can benefit from
retrocommissioning.
Retrocommissioning efforts should target:
The building envelope. For instance, if a building has
openings to the outside, they may not be sealed tightly,
which means the HVAC system works much harder to
heat, cool, and pressurize the building, resulting in energy
waste.
Energy-management systems that were not installed
or programmed correctly or that may have degraded
over time.
Operational controls that are out of calibration or
not sequencing properly.
Equipment that is running more than needed or
inefficiently.
Time clocks or schedules that were set up improperly.
Why
Your Building?
William J. Stangeland has more than 30 years of experience in HVAC- and plumbing-system design. As president of McGuire
Engineers Inc., he is responsible for controlling the overall quality of the firms business, fostering client satisfaction, and mentoring
and developing the firms staff. He has been a leader in the firms sustainability efforts.
Retrocommission
Circle 167
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Phases of Retrocommissioning
The retrocommissioning process consists of five
distinct phases:
1. Planning. The planning phase includes meeting with
the building owner, documenting the owners facility
requirements, and performing a site walk-through. A
contract with a services provider is prepared, negotiated,
and finalized before any additional steps are taken.
2. Investigation. After the retrocommissioning team
is assembled and the kick-off meeting is held, a site
investigation is conducted, facility documentation is
reviewed, diagnostic monitoring begins, and functional
tests and simple repairs are performed. This aids in
determining how systems are supposed to operate and
enables the team to prioritize operating deficiencies.
3. Implementation. During the implementation phase,
the highest-priority deficiencies are corrected, and proper
operation is verified.
4. Turnover. A smooth transition provides the tools
and knowledge necessary for the buildings O&M staff to
sustain savings and operational improvements.
5. Persistence. This last phase ensures continuous
system-performance improvement through persistent
strategies.
How Retrocommissioning Is Implemented
A typical way to start retrocommissioning services
is to perform an energy audit of the building and/or to
document the buildings ENERGY STAR rating. Then:
Develop a building-operation plan, defining the
present-day requirements of the building and its systems
and identifying any operational problems affecting
occupant comfort and any additional low-cost/no-cost
items that can be implemented.
Prepare a plan for testing all building systems to
confirm correct operation and/or define required
remedial work.
Implement and document the tasks in the above plan.
Repair and/or upgrade all systems and components
found to be deficient.
Retest all building components after changes are
made to ensure optimal operation.
Code Changes
Codes are being changed to require commissioning
and retrocommissioning. For instance, the 2012 Interna-
tional Energy Conservation Code requires system com-
missioning in buildings in which mechanical-equipment
capacity is equal to or greater than 480,000 Btuh of cool-
ing and 600,000 Btuh of heating.
Case Studies
Retrocommissioning projects on which McGuire
Engineers has worked include a major museum in
Chicago and a large community school in Wisconsin.
At the museum, more than 1 million sq ft of space is
cooled, heated, and humidified to tight tolerances year-
round. With this comes high energy use. The chilled-
water system was studied to determine if there were
any opportunities to save energy. Multiple cost-saving
measures, some of which were implemented immediately,
were identified.
The community school was experiencing issues with
building pressurization, heating and air distribution,
central-air-handler operation, the location and applica-
tion of HVAC controls, and its BAS. Through modifica-
tions of air-handling units, the hot-water-piping system,
and sequence of operations and the integration of temper-
ature/carbon-dioxide sensors in classrooms, the school
was able to decrease systemwide energy use and achieve
improved occupant comfort.
Conclusion
Most buildings are not performing to their potential.
Thus, it is important to consider retrocommissioning,
as the majority of existing buildings have not undergone
any type of commissioning or quality-assurance testing.
With building conditions (age, size, construction type,
systems, etc.) varying so widely, energy savings can range
from 11 cents per square foot to 72 cents per square foot.
Circle 168
WHY RETROCOMMISSION YOUR BUILDING?
Integrated Control Systems
MAXIMIZES BOILER ROOM EFFICIENCY
INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY
REDUCES OPERATING COSTS
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Circle 169
M
By CRAIG F. HOFFERBER, CxA, CSI
H & P Systems Inc.
Rancho Santa Margarita, Calif.
Many HVAC systems are equipped with 100-percent-
outdoor-air economizer cycles consisting of a set of
dampers that steer cool outdoor air to fans, which then
move the air around the system. The purpose of an air
economizer is to reduce refrigerant-compressor run time
during colder months and possibly during cool night
hours and, thus, lower annual energy consumption.
Many variable-air-volume (VAV) systems are designed
with incompatible and/or incomplete control strategies
that undermine the performance of outdoor-air econo-
mizers. This problem has persisted since the late 1970s,
when some 90 percent of VAV systems did not function as
expected, and some 60 percent did not achieve predicted
energy savings.
1
This article discusses how, through
proper application of modern tools,
such as direct digital control (DDC) and
highly accurate, low-cost instruments,
a much higher level of success can be
achieved. It is important to note that
many of the methods discussed in
this article are not industry-standard
practice, but nonetheless worth considering in the name
of controllability, performance, and energy efficiency.
Economizer Options
Economizer systems essentially come in one of two
configurations. The first uses a traditional supply-fan-and-
return-fan design, with an outdoor-air intake damper, a
return-air damper, and an exhaust-air damper (Figure
1). This type of system, sometimes called push-pull,
depends on the return fan to handle return-air-system
losses and the supply fan to handle supply-air-system
losses. Economizers should be integrated (sequenced)
with cooling-coil operation for best system efficiency and
performance in constant-air-volume applications.
The second configuration uses the same three dampers
to steer air, but has a relief/exhaust fan instead of a return
fan to control space pressure (Figure 2). The relief/exhaust
fan is located just before the exhaust-air damper and is
Maximizing
Outdoor-Air-Economizer
Operation
A principal for H & P Systems Inc. (www.h-psystems.com), Craig F. Hofferber, CxA, CSI, specializes in mechanical-, electrical-,
instrumentation-, and control-system design; construction coordination; and system commissioning. His hands-on systems
knowledge is coupled with extensive manufacturer and product knowledge.
Overcoming longtime controllability, performance, and energy-efficiency issues
M
OA
EA
VSD
AI
RA
AI
AI AI AI AI AO
AI
AI AO AO
AI
M
AO
AI
VSD
F
AI AO AI AI
SA
AI
AI
AI
DP
DP
DP
Space
CO
2
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Vel
Chilled
water
Return
fan
Space
pressure
Network
Space
temp.
FIGURE 1. Digitally controlled variable-air-volume air-handling unit with return/exhaust
economizer.
LEGEND:
AI = analog input
AO = analog output
BDD = Backdraft damper
cfm = cubic feet per minute
DP = differential pressure (inch water column
or pounds per square inch differential)
EA = exhaust air
F = flow
M = motorized (actuator)
OA = outdoor air
RA = return air
SA = supply air
Vel = velocity (feet per minute)
VSD = variable-speed drive
SAVVE energy
New Vektor
-HS lab air exhaust system.

Model
Vektor
-HS
Patent Pending
Greenhecks new Vektor
-HS can help reduce energy costs

in demand-based laboratory exhaust systems by up to 60%.
A unique variable volume nozzle combined with Greenhecks
Sure-Aire
Variable Volume Exhaust (SAVVE) technology help

maintain a constant discharge stack velocity as required by
ANSI Z9.5 when airows decrease during non-peak periods.
By automatically adjusting the discharge area, fan speed and
energy usage can be reduced for quieter, more economical
operation. All fan controls in the new Vektor-HS are
pre-programmed at the factory for easy installation.
Scan code
to learn more
about Greenheck
Model Vektor-HS.
Get the free mobile app
at http://gettag.mobi
See how the newest addition to our
Vektor series of lab exhaust systems
performs at greenheck.com/4vektorhs.
Fans & Ventilators | Centrifugal & Vane Axial Fans | Energy Recovery Ventilators
Packaged Ventilation Systems | Make-up Air Units | Kitchen Ventilation Systems
Dampers | Louvers | Lab Exhaust Systems | Coils
715.359.6171
greenheck.com
Adjustable nozzle
Airow monitoring
(Sure-Aire
)
Pre-programmed VFD
Lower fan energy
consumption
Lower horsepower
Lower sound
University science labs
High school science
labs
Research labs
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
MODEL VEKTOR
-HS
BENEFITS
Circle 170
PROBLEM:
Airborne dust and debris, microbiological
growth, pollen and other materials collect
in cooling towers. Combined with calcium
carbonate, magnesium silicate, rust, iron
chips, scale and other corrosion by-products,
they reduce heat transfer efficiency.
SOLUTION:
Line pressure powered Orival water filters
remove dirt down to micron size, of any
specific gravity, even lighter than water.
Single units handle flow rates from 10-5000
gpm and clean automatically without
interruption of systemflow.
RESULTS:
Optimized heat transfer efficiency.
Elimination of unscheduled downtime
for maintenance.
Reduced chemical requirements.
Cooling
Tower
Insects
Airborne
Particles
Rust
Pollen
Algae
Leaves
Heat
Exchanger
Water
Filter
O
R
I
V
A
L
213 S. Van Brunt St.
Englewood, NJ 07631
(800) 567-9767
(201) 568-3311
Fax (201) 568-1916

www.orival.com
filters@orival.com
Water filter optimizes
heat transfer efficiency
Automatic Self-Cleaning
WATER FILTERS
not directly in the path of return air.
The supply fan overcomes supply-
and return-air-path pressure losses,
while the exhaust fan is sized to
handle just return-air-path losses.
In years past, a common control
strategy for relief/exhaust systems
was to start the relief fan when the
exhaust damper opened beyond a
certain point. The relief/exhaust
fan would be on or off, sometimes
causing space-pressure fluctuations
and control dithering; as a result,
economizers tended not to be inte-
grated and were switched on at 100
percent or switched off, depending
on outdoor ambient temperature.
An integrated-economizer strategy
with on/off (non-modulating) exhaust
fan caused space-pressure fluctua-
tions that were difficult to stabilize;
consequently, such a strategy gener-
ally was not used, except in medium
and small packaged air-conditioning
systems with non-integrated econo-
mizers, in which direct-expansion
compressors were swi tched off
while the economizer was switched
on.
Wi th the anal og ( pneumati c/
electronic) controls available during
the 1970s, the dampers in constant-
vol ume push-pul l systems were
controlled as one, with the return-air
Circle 171
MAXIMIZING OUTDOOR-AIR-ECONOMIZER OPERATION
M
OA
EA
CFM
BDD VSD
AI
RA
AI
AI AI AI AI AO
AI
AO AO
AI
AI
VSD
F
AO AI AI
SA
AI
AI
AI
DP
DP
DP
Space
CO
2
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Chilled
water
Relief/
exhaust
fan
Space
pressure
Network
Space
temp.
FIGURE 2. Digitally controlled variable-air-volume air-handling unit with relief/exhaust
economizer.
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damper articulated at 180 degrees
to the outdoor- and exhaust-air
dampers so that a si ngl e l i near
cont rol si gnal woul d open t he
outdoor- and exhaust-air dampers
while closing the return-air damper.
Minimum outdoor-air-intake flow
was achieved by limiting the signal
to the dampers so they would not
fully seat in the full return-air po-
sition. The 10-to-15-percent signal
limit caused the outdoor-air damper
to open slightly to provide ventilation
air. Occasionally, a separate mini-
mum-outdoor-air intake with sepa-
rate two-position damper allowed
the economizer-damper section to go
to the full return position at zero sig-
nal output. This method of providing
ventilation air, while a bit inaccurate,
was satisfactory in the days when the
amount of outdoor air admitted was
not as critical as it is now.
Technically speaking, with a con-
stant-volume push-pull system, the
outdoor- and exhaust-air dampers
are not needed for control to have
a fully functioning economizer. The
return-air damper alone can steer
the return air either outdoors or back
to the supply fan, depending on its
position. This assumes the supply
and return fans operate at a constant
flow differential to offset general
exhausts and establish a positive
space pressure, providing for perim-
eter exfiltration (crack) losses. While
this method has been successful, it
seldom is used as a design standard
because inlet and outlet conditions
have to be ideal.
1
When VAV-system designs were
adopted, inlet vanes were added to
the supply and return fans to control
their capacity. This made responding
to variable-air zone terminals pos-
sible; however, economizer-cycle de-
sign and control were not changed.
Whats more, the return-fan-inlet-
vane control signal mistakenly was
slaved to the supply-fan control
signal. The non-linear relationship
between the supply and return fans
generated outdoor-air-intake rates
that varied from negative to positive
because of plenum-pressure changes
associated with inaccurate return-
fan tracking. Ventilation flow usu-
ally was tested at 100 percent, which
seldom occurs in VAV systems, but
is where fans, including minimum
outdoor-air intakes, easily can be
adjusted, tracked, and verified.
Differences in plenum pressure
from improper return- and relief-
fan control have been known to
cause air to flow backward through
exhaust-damper openings. This
problem tends not to exist with
Circle 172
constant-volume systems because
pl enum pressure i s mai ntai ned
so exhaust air exits through the
exhaust opening, outdoor-air-intake
air comes in through the outdoor-air
damper, and the return-air damper
steers proportionally, depending on
the magnitude of the damper control
signal.
Economizer Design for VAV
Systems
Demands on VAV air-delivery sys-
tems have intensified considerably
because of indoor-air-quality (IAQ)
dictates and energy-code mandates.
The two economizer-system types
require the application of the correct
operating strategy, if they are to
accomplish their mission.
When using a return fan, one
method of control is to track the
return fan to the supply fan volu-
metrically so differential airflow is
maintained (figures 3 and 4). By
definition, a volumetric tracking
strategy ensures the minimum-out-
door-air-intake rate established by
the designer is maintained through
the range of system operation as
determined by the formula:
OA = SA RA
where:
OA = outdoor airflow
SA = supply airflow
RA = return airflow
Though not an industry-standard
practice, volumetrically tracking
return fans with the outdoor-air
damper operated in a two-position
mode (supply fan on, damper open;
supply fan off, damper closed) results
in maximum system efficiency, except
during warm-up and cool-down cy-
cles when the tracking offset is set at
zero. Remembering that airflow dif-
ferential is fixed by fan-tracking ra-
tio, a wide-open outdoor-air damper
exacts very little pressure drop at
minimum outdoor airflow, minimiz-
ing the impact on supply-fan energy.
The return-air and exhaust-air damp-
ers then are free to modulate propor-
tionally, providing linear air steer-
ing; the minimum outdoor-air-intake
flow for ventilation can be main-
tained easily without the partially
closed outdoor-air damper causing
pressure losses, which tend to upset
the natural plenum-pressure balance
(sometimes causing outdoor air to
enter backward through the exhaust
opening
2
). When using volumetric
fan-tracking techniques, proper
control through P, I, and 1/D terms
using accurate air-velocity transmit-
ters promotes stable system control
with accurate differential airflows.
1

In cases in which the minimum de-
sign outdoor-air intake is more than
the general and toilet exhaust fans
can remove, excess space-pressure
rise will occur. A space-pressure pro-
portional-integral-derivative (PID)
controller can sense this increase in
pressure and modulate the return-
air/exhaust-air dampers toward the
exhaust-air position to equalize the
space pressure on a consistent basis
(usually ~0.004 in. wc).
While control of the exhaust/relief-
fan configuration (figures 5 and 6)
should be simple, maintaining code-
required minimum airflow as sup-
ply volume varies can be difficult. A
strategy that works reliably is space-
pressure control. To accomplish this,
one must find the best place to sense
space pressure. A stable ambient
reference has to be provided for the
pressure transmitter; otherwise, the
transmitter will be affected by wind-
velocity pressure. (This is a key ele-
ment that has to be validated in much
the same way as return-fan differen-
tial-flow-tracking signals have to be
validated for an air-delivery system
to work accurately and effectively.) A
M
OA
EA
VSD
RA
8,000 cfm
10,000 cfm
10,000
cfm
Open
Open
Closed
8,000
cfm
M
VSD
F
SA
DP
DP
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Vel
Chilled
water
Return
fan
FIGURE 4. Return/exhaust economizer on.
M
OA
EA
VSD
RA
8,000 cfm
10,000 cfm
2,000
cfm
Closed
Open
Open
0
cfm
M
VSD
F
SA
DP
DP
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Vel
Chilled
water
Return
fan
FIGURE 3. Return/exhaust economizer off.
pressure reset schedule then can be
applied to set the required minimum
outdoor-air intake. This involves ad-
justing the space-pressure setpoint
up or down within limited bounds
while the economizer cycle is not in
operation. These bounds are 0 in. wc
to 0.01 in. wc, with a control setpoint
somewhere around 0.004 in. wc, just
below the relief/exhaust-fan pres-
sure setpoint. Note that when more
than one air-handling unit serves a
space, the relief/exhaust fans must
respond to the same space-pressure
speed command signal so no differ-
ential flows that would cause wind
tunnels in corridors are established.
This sometimes happens when mul-
tiple packaged units supply common
floors and/or a looped ductwork
system.
Mixing economizer-system types
and control strategies can cause all
sorts of interesting issues. For ex-
ample, using a traditional return fan
and controlling it by space pressure
becomes problematic when the econ-
omizer is off because the return fan
operates against a constant orifice
and tends to lag the supply fan be-
cause of a loss of control. When the
supply fan speeds up to satisfy the
duct-static-pressure-control require-
ment, the outdoor-air-intake volume
increases. When it does, space pres-
sure increases, caused by overventi-
lation at the hottest time of the year,
during the peak utility-demand win-
dow. At other times, the return fan
provides resistance to the airflow
by not keeping up with the supply
fan, causing increased negative pres-
sure in the plenums and increased
outdoor-air-intake flow, some of
which can enter through the exhaust
opening, possibly causing contami-
nated air to enter the system as if it
were fresh air. (Outdoor-air intake
through exhaust openings can bring
in exhaust fumes from trucks parked
Circle 173
M
OA
EA
CFM
BDD VSD
RA
8,000 cfm
10,000 cfm
Open
Closed
Minimum 2,000
cfm
0
cfm
VSD
F
SA
DP
DP
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Chilled
water
Relief/
exhaust
fan
FIGURE 5. Relief/exhaust economizer off.
M
OA
EA
CFM
BDD VSD
RA
8,000 cfm
10,000 cfm
Closed
Open
Open 10,000
cfm
8,000
cfm
VSD
F
SA
DP
DP
Economizer
section
Filter
Supply fan
Cooling coil
Vel
Chilled
water
Relief/
exhaust
fan
FIGURE 6. Relief/exhaust economizer on.
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at loading docks, where exhaust-air
openings often are located.)
For large systems in multiple-story
buildings, a traditional return fan
is needed to move air back through
a higher-resistance duct path than
would be found in a single-floor
common-pl enum-return design.
Smaller systems often are served
more cost-effectively by relief/ex-
haust fans or stand-alone variable-
speed general exhaust fans respond-
ing to space pressure alone. This is
because return losses usually are
smaller and the spaces more uniform
in nature (e.g., single story with a
common ceiling plenum). Many suc-
cessful economizer applications use
factory-packaged outdoor-air and
return-air economizer dampers with
integrated or separate relief/exhaust
fans with electronically commutated
motors and variable-speed control
responsive to space-pressure rise.
Action Tools for Economizer
Design and Control
When configuring larger HVAC
systems with return fans and econo-
mizers, consider:
Providing variable-frequency
drives (VFDs) to control supply- and
return-fan capacity.
Providing factory piezometer-
ring or velocity-pressure airflow
elements in fan inlets with accurate
transmitters designed for volumetric
airflow tracking. The fan manufac-
turer can provide certified pressure/
flow curves with differential-pres-
sure ranges for proper selection and
calibration of each velocity or flow
transmitter.
Providing parallel-bladed out-
door-air-intake dampers that open
when the supply fan is enabled. Par-
allel-bladed dampers provide linear
air mixing when upstream pressures
are low and constant.
Providing accurate third-party-
tested airflow-monitoring sensors
for control, validation, and trending
of outdoor-air intake, typically at low
air velocities.
Providing modulating parallel-
bladed return-air and exhaust-air
dampers for air-steering control
using the outdoor-airflow-measure-
ment signal and PID loop to maintain
the required minimum outdoor-air
intake at setpoint.
Providing a separate control out-
put for the outdoor-air damper so it
can be left open while the exhaust-air
and return-air dampers modulate to
maintain temperature control and/or
demand control ventilation.
Controlling the return fan based
on flow-tracking offset to provide
enough outdoor-ai r makeup to
offset general exhaust fans and
provide slightly positive space pres-
surization (code-mandated minimum
Circle 174 Circle 175
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R

C
O
I
L
S
/
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space ventilation).
Control l i ng the return-ai r/
exhaust-air dampers in sequence
with the cooling-coil control valve
when outdoor air is below the high
dry-bulb-temperature limit (enthalpy
control optional).
Resetting the economizer (return-
air/exhaust-air dampers) to increase
the outdoor-air intake to between the
limits of 0.15 cfm per square foot to
15 cfm per person (ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 62.1, Ventilation for Accept-
able Indoor Air Quality) when using
zone carbon-dioxide (CO2) sensing
for IAQ.
When configuring medium to
small HVAC systems with packaged
or built-up configurations, consider:
Providing VFDs to control supply
and relief exhaust-fan capacity and
provide energy control and demand
information.
Providing accurate, third-party-
tested airflow-monitoring sensors
for control, validation, and trending
of outdoor-air intake, typically at low
air velocities.
Providing modulating parallel-
bladed outdoor-air and return-air
dampers for air-steering control.
Provi di ng a paral l el -bl aded
exhaust-air damper that opens when
the relief exhaust fan is enabled.
Controlling the relief exhaust
fan(s) based on space-pressure rise
over setpoint of 0.004 in. wc when in
economizer or CO2-demand-control-
ventilation-reset mode.
Switching the space-pressure-
control output to the outdoor-air
damper (leaving the return-air and
exhaust-ai r dampers i n the ful l
return-air position) to maintain
space pressure between 0.001 in. and
0.004 in. wc when not in economizer
mode. Outdoor-air intake is verified
by the flow sensor in the outdoor-air
opening and actual flow trims.
Ensuri ng the rel i ef/exhaust
fans serving spaces served by two
or more air-conditioning units fol-
low the same space-pressure-control
PID-loop output signal to prevent dif-
ferential air currents from flowing
through corridors and spaces.
Enabling the economizer cycle
and allowing the outdoor-air/return-
air dampers to increase outdoor-air
intake to between the design limits
of 0.15 cfm per square foot and 15
cfm per personverified by a certi-
fied testing, adjusting, and balancing
contractorwhen using zone CO2
sensing. Let the relief/exhaust fan
modulate to control the space-pres-
sure rise resulting from increased
outdoor-air intake at the correct
space-pressure setpoint.
Conclusion
The scenarios discussed in this
article are relatively simple and
modular in nature. Using the correct
tools for a given system design is
essential to effective economizer
operation, which, at the outset,
seems simpler than it is when all
of the demands placed on these
systems in todays environment
are considered. Different system
types dictate different control treat-
ment for successful economizer
operation to be accomplished and
legal and traceable minimum ven-
tilation rates to be ensured. System
demands for IAQ control and man-
dated energy optimization can be
applied easily, once an understand-
ing of system operating variables,
dynamics, and demands is gained.
It is hoped the reader has found
some useful tips and techniques for
effective economizer application and
successful air-side operation here.
References
1) Ai r Moni t or Corp. ( 1987) .
Designers manual for airflow control
of VAV systems.
2) Seem, J. E. , House, J. M. , &
Klaassen, C.J. (1998, February).
Volume matching control: Leave
the outdoor air damper wide open.
ASHRAE Journal, pp. 58-60.
Did you find this article useful? Send
comments and suggestions to Executive
Editor Scott Arnold at scott.arnold@
penton.com.
Circle 176
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CIRCLE NO. PAGE NO.
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Circle 177 Circle 178
168 A-J Manufacturing .............................................................................. 28
180 AAON ................................................................................................ BC
176 Air Solution Co. ................................................................................. 37
162 Aquatherm ........................................................................................ 17
164 Armacell LLC ..................................................................................... 20
172 Bryan Steam LLC ............................................................................... 33
166 Danfoss ............................................................................................ 23
151 ebm-papst Inc. .................................................................................... 1
154 Fireye Inc. . .......................................................................................... 6
174 Flaretite Inc. . ..................................................................................... 36
173 Fluid Line Products Inc. ...................................................................... 35
178 Goodway Technologies Corp. .............................................................. 40
170 Greenheck Fan Corp. ......................................................................... 31
158 Honeywell Analytics ........................................................................... 11
169 Hurst Boiler ....................................................................................... 29
157 Metraflex .......................................................................................... 10
152 MultiTherm LLC ................................................................................... 2
167 ONICON Inc. ...................................................................................... 27
171 Orival Inc. ......................................................................................... 32
175 Parker Boiler Co. ............................................................................... 36
165 Rinnai ............................................................................................... 21
153, 159 Schneider Electric .......................................................................... 4, 13
177 Shortridge Instruments Inc. ................................................................ 40
155 Siemens Industry ................................................................................ 7
160 Society of Fire Protection Engineering .................................................. 14
163 Spirax Sarco Inc. ............................................................................... 19
156 Systemair ............................................................................................ 9
179 Taco Inc. .......................................................................................... IBC
161 Triatek .............................................................................................. 15
150 Uponor .............................................................................................IFC
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better value or higher quality.
Want to do your best work?
Choose the best pump for
the job: the very smart, very
green Viridian.
Circle 179
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Defning Quality. Building Comfort.
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AAON Cabinet Illustration
Polyurethane Foam
Injected Insulation
Thermal Break with
Insulating Gasket
Galvanized Steel
Interior and
Exterior Walls
Locate AAON
representative
Circle 180

Hpac - 201303

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MARCH 2013 | www.hpac.

com A Penton Publication

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Standard Delivery in 4-5 weeks

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MARCH 2013 HPAC ENGINEERING 33

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