Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract
This document lists 4947 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. Some
of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system; others require fonts and packages
that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts
and packages used to prepare this document—as well as this document itself—are freely available from the
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).
Contents
1 Introduction 7
1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Body-text symbols 8
Table 1: LATEX 2ε Escapable “Special” Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 2: Predefined LATEX 2ε Text-mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 3: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 4: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 8: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 13: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 14: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 15: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 16: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 17: semtrans Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 18: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 19: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Table 20: extraipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 21: wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 22: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 23: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 24: t4phonet Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 25: arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 26: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 27: wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 28: textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 29: textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 30: marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
∗ The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander
Holt. See Section 7.7 on page 104 for more information about who did what.
1
Table 31: wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 32: eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 33: textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 34: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 35: textcomp Old-style Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 36: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 37: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 Mathematical symbols 20
Table 38: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 39: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 40: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 41: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 42: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 43: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 44: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 45: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 46: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 47: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 48: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 49: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 50: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 51: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 52: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 53: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 54: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 55: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Table 56: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 57: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 58: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Table 59: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 60: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 61: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 62: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 63: AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 64: AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 65: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 66: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table 67: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 68: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 69: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 70: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 71: MnSymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 72: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Table 73: mathtools Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 74: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 75: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 76: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 77: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 78: Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 79: AMS Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 80: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 81: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 82: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 83: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 84: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 85: Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 86: AMS Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2
Table 87: wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 88: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 89: mathabx Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 90: MnSymbol Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 91: AMS Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 92: stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 93: mathabx Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 94: MnSymbol Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 95: Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 96: Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 97: textcomp Text-mode Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 98: AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 99: AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 100: AMS Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table 101: stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 102: txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 103: mathabx Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 104: mathabx Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Table 105: mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 106: MnSymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Table 107: MnSymbol Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 108: MnSymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 109: MnSymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Table 110: chemarrow Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 111: fge Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 112: MnSymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 113: MnSymbol Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Table 114: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 115: ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 116: Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 117: stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 118: txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Table 119: mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 120: Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 121: AMS Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 122: Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 123: AMS Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Table 124: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 125: upgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 126: txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 127: AMS Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 128: MnSymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Table 129: Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 130: AMS Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 131: txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 132: mathabx Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 133: MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 134: trfsigns Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 135: mathdesign Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 136: fge Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 137: AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 138: stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 139: mathabx Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 140: nath Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 141: Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 142: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 143: AMS Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3
Table 144: stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 145: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 146: MnSymbol Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 147: mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 148: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 149: nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 150: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 151: metre Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 152: Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 153: AMS Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 154: MnSymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 155: fge Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 156: yhmath Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 157: Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 158: overrightarrow Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 159: yhmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 160: AMS Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 161: MnSymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 162: mathtools Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 163: mathabx Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 164: esvect Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 165: undertilde Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 166: AMS Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 167: mathtools Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 168: chemarr Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 169: chemarrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 170: trfsigns Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 171: extarrows Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 172: extpfeil Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 173: holtpolt Non-commutative Division Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 174: Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 175: AMS Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 176: wasysym Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 177: MnSymbol Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 178: mathdots Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 179: yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 180: mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 181: mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 182: marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 183: fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 184: Miscellaneous LATEX 2ε Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 185: Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 186: Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 187: Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 188: Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 189: Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 190: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 191: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 192: Miscellaneous marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 193: Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 194: Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 195: Miscellaneous arev Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 196: Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4
4 Science and technology symbols 67
Table 197: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 198: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 199: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 200: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 201: textcomp Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 202: wasysym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 203: marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 204: mathabx Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 205: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 206: wasysym APL Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table 207: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 208: keystroke Computer Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 209: ascii Control Characters (CP437) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 210: marvosym Communication Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Table 211: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 212: wasysym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 213: marvosym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 214: marvosym Safety-related Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 215: feyn Feynman Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5 Dingbats 71
Table 216: bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 217: pifont Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 218: universal Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 219: marvosym Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 220: bbding Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 221: pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 222: dingbat Pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 223: bbding Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 224: pifont Pencils and Nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 225: dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 226: bbding Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 227: pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 228: bbding Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 229: pifont Crosses and Plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 230: bbding Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 231: pifont Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 232: wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 233: universal Xs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 234: pifont Circled Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 235: wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 236: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Table 237: pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Table 238: wasysym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Table 239: MnSymbol Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Table 240: ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 241: bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 242: pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 243: universa Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 244: universal Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 245: igo Go Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 246: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 247: skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 248: Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 249: marvosym Information Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 250: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 251: Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5
Table 252: Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6 Other symbols 78
Table 253: textcomp Genealogical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 254: wasysym General Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 255: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 256: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 257: arev Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 258: harmony Musical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 259: harmony Musical Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 260: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 261: marvosym Navigation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 262: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 263: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 264: Miscellaneous universa Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 265: Miscellaneous universal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 266: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 267: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 268: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 269: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 270: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 271: skak Chess Informator Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 272: metre Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 273: metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 274: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Table 275: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Table 276: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 277: dictsym Dictionary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 278: simpsons Characters from The Simpsons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 279: staves Magical Staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7 Additional Information 87
7.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.2 Resizing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.3 Where can I find the symbol for . . . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.4 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.5 Bold mathematical symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.7 About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.8 Copyright and license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
References 106
Index 107
6
1 Introduction
Welcome to the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of LATEX
symbol information: font samples, LATEX commands, packages, usage details, caveats—everything needed to
put thousands of different symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following criteria:
1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).
2. All of their symbols have LATEX 2ε bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by name,
not just by \charhnumber i.
These are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List contains samples of 4947
symbols—quite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system;
others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to
be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help
with installing new fonts and packages.
7
2 Body-text symbols
This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents,
ligatures, and currency symbols.
∗
The underscore package redefines “_” to produce an underscore in text mode (i.e., it
makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
∗
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the
symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
Table 3: LATEX 2ε Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
$ \$ \_ ‡ \ddag { \{
¶ \P
c © \copyright ... \dots } \}
§ \S † \dag £ \pounds
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
Table 4: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
X \checkmark r \circledR z \maltese
8
Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters)
å \aa Ð \DH∗ L \L ø \o ß \ss
Å \AA ð \dh∗ l \l Ø \O SS \SS
Æ \AE Ð \DJ∗ Ŋ \NG∗ Œ \OE Þ \TH∗
æ \ae đ \dj∗ ŋ \ng∗ œ \oe þ \th∗
∗
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an
alternate font encoding, such as T1.
These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc package.
∗
\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.
These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex
package.
To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding,
such as T1.
9
Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols
10
(continued from previous page)
tipa defines shortcut characters for many of the above. It also defines a command
\tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more
information.
11
(continued from previous page)
12
Table 16: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols
\textcrd ¡ \texthtd | \textpipe
§ \textcrh ¨ \texthtk ð \textrtaild
¢ \textepsilon ± \texthtp » \textrtailt
¬ \textesh º \texthtt ¡ \textschwa
\textfjlig à \textiota ¬ \textscriptv
\texthtb © \textltailn \textteshlig
° \texthtc ª \textopeno ¶ \textyogh
The idea behind the t4phonet package’s phonetic symbols is to provide an interface
to some of the characters in the T4 font encoding (Table 6 on page 9) but using
the same names as the tipa characters presented in Table 10 on page 10.
Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”
(viz., “ı” and “”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the
dot. For example, “na\"{\i}ve” produces a correct “naı̈ve”, while “na\"{i}ve”
would yield the rather odd-looking “naı̈ve”. (“na\"{i}ve” does work in encodings
other than OT1, however.)
´´
Āā \textacutemacron{A}\textacutemacron{a}
´´
Ǎǎ \textacutewedge{A}\textacutewedge{a}
A
ffi affi \textadvancing{A}\textadvancing{a}
A<
< a \textbottomtiebar{A}\textbottomtiebar{a}
˘ ā
Ā ˘ \textbrevemacron{A}\textbrevemacron{a}
Ż
AŻ a \textcircumacute{A}\textcircumacute{a}
ˆ
Ȧˆ ȧ \textcircumdot{A}\textcircumdot{a}
§a
A§ \textdotacute{A}\textdotacute{a}
˙ ă˙
Ă \textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
˙ ă˙
Ă \textdotbreve{A}\textdotbreve{a}
‚a
A‚ \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a}
İa
Aİ \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}
Ža
AŽ \textgravecircum{A}\textgravecircum{a}
đa
Ađ \textgravedot{A}\textgravedot{a}
``
Ā ā \textgravemacron{A}\textgravemacron{a}
Źa
AŹ \textgravemid{A}\textgravemid{a}
A
„a „ \textinvsubbridge{A}\textinvsubbridge{a}
A
fl afl \textlowering{A}\textlowering{a}
Ÿ
AŸ a \textmidacute{A}\textmidacute{a}
‰a
A‰ \textovercross{A}\textovercross{a}
——
Aa \textoverw{A}\textoverw{a}
A˛ a˛ \textpolhook{A}\textpolhook{a}
A
fi afi \textraising{A}\textraising{a}
A
ffl affl \textretracting{A}\textretracting{a}
˚
Ā˚ ā \textringmacron{A}\textringmacron{a}
“
A“ a \textroundcap{A}\textroundcap{a}
A
a \textseagull{A}\textseagull{a}
Aa \textsubacute{A}\textsubacute{a}
››
Aa \textsubarch{A}\textsubarch{a}
““
Aa \textsubbar{A}\textsubbar{a}
¯¯
A
”a ” \textsubbridge{A}\textsubbridge{a}
Aa \textsubcircum{A}\textsubcircum{a}
ˆˆ
Aa \textsubdot{A}\textsubdot{a}
˙˙
Aa \textsubgrave{A}\textsubgrave{a}
‹‹
A
– a– \textsublhalfring{A}\textsublhalfring{a}
A
ff aff \textsubplus{A}\textsubplus{a}
A
» a» \textsubrhalfring{A}\textsubrhalfring{a}
Aa \textsubring{A}\textsubring{a}
˚˚
A
«a « \textsubsquare{A}\textsubsquare{a}
Aa \textsubtilde{A}\textsubtilde{a}
˜˜
Aa \textsubumlaut{A}\textsubumlaut{a}
¨¨
A
—a — \textsubw{A}\textsubw{a}
Aa \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a}
ˇˇ
A
&& a \textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a}
14
(continued from previous page)
Aa \textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a}
˜" ˜
Ȧ
"
ȧ \texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a}
>>
Aa \texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a}
IJa
AIJ \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}
tipa defines shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation
for more information.
The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for linguistic accents.
\acbar and \acarc compose characters with multiple accents; for example,
\acbar{\’}{a} produces “´ ā” and \acarc{\"}{e} produces “¨ē”. \labvel joins
two characters with an arc: \labvel{mn} → “mn”._ \upbar is intended to go
between characters as in “x\upbar{}y’’ → “x y”. Lastly, \uplett behaves like
\textsuperscript but uses a smaller font. Contrast “p\uplett{h}’’ → “ph ”
with “p\textsuperscript{h}’’ → “ph ”.
15
Table 23: metre Text-mode Accents
Áá \acutus{A}\acutus{a}
Ăă \breve{A}\breve{a}
Ãã \circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a}
Ää \diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a}
Àà \gravis{A}\gravis{a}
Āā \macron{A}\macron{a}
The idea behind the t4phonet package’s text-mode accents is to provide an interface
to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding (accents marked with “‡” in Table 18
on page 13) but using the same names as the tipa accents presented in Table 19 on
page 13.
The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An optional macro
argument alters the effective width of the accented characters. See the arcs docu-
mentation for more information.
\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its argument 180° using
the graphicx package’s \rotatebox command.
The wsuipa package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands, which are used to
compose diacritics with other characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a]
produces “x
a ”, and \diaunder[\underdots|a] produces “r a”. See the wsuipa doc-
umentation for more information.
16
Table 28: textcomp Diacritics
˝ \textacutedbl ˇ \textasciicaron ¯ \textasciimacron
´ \textasciiacute ¨ \textasciidieresis \textgravedbl
˘ \textasciibreve ` \textasciigrave
The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.
The different euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with different fonts—
Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman (\EURtm), and the marvosym
digits listed in Table 182 (\EURdig). The mathdesign package redefines \texteuro
to be visually compatible with one of three additional fonts: Utopia (€), Char-
ter (€), or Garamond (€).
17
Table 33: textcomp Legal Symbols
℗ \textcircledP
c © \textcopyright ℠ \textservicemark
TM
« \textcopyleft
r ® \textregistered ™ \texttrademark
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solu-
tions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a “
”
r
when you expected to get a “®”).
∗
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in most
DVI viewers.
18
Table 36: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols
a
∗ \textasteriskcentered ª \textordfeminine
o
‖ \textbardbl º \textordmasculine
○ \textbigcircle ¶ \textparagraph∗
␢ \textblank · \textperiodcentered
¦ \textbrokenbar ‱ \textpertenthousand
• \textbullet ‰ \textperthousand
† \textdagger∗ ¶ \textpilcrow
‡ \textdaggerdbl∗ ' \textquotesingle
- \textdblhyphen ‚ \textquotestraightbase
\textdblhyphenchar „ \textquotestraightdblbase
\textdiscount \textrecipe
℮ \textestimated ※ \textreferencemark
‽ \textinterrobang § \textsection∗
\textinterrobangdown \textthreequartersemdash
♪ \textmusicalnote ~ \texttildelow
№ \textnumero \texttwelveudash
◦ \textopenbullet
Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LATEX 2ε
provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes
available.
∗
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 8
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
19
3 Mathematical symbols
Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a “Missing $
inserted” error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators
marked as “variable-sized” are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter
still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts.
Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., “L ” and “”) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in
Table 196 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there first if you need a symbol for a transform,
number set, or some other alphanumeric.
Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the ensuing dis-
cussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, including “ ” (\blitza),
“⇒⇐” (\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), “⊥” (\bot), “=” (\nleftrightarrow), and “※” (\textreferencemark).
Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably better to spell out “Contradiction!” than to use a
symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of
ways to indicate the mathematical notion of “is defined as”. Common candidates include “,” (\triangleq),
def
“≡” (\equiv), “B” (\coloneqq), and “ =” (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the ` example of
\equalsfill on page 95. Depending upon the context, disjoint union may be represented as “ ” (\coprod),
“t” (\sqcup), “∪” · (\dotcup), “⊕” (\oplus), or any of a number of other symbols.1 Finally, the average
value of a variable x is written by some people as “x” (\overline{x}), by some people as “hxi” (\langle x
\rangle), and by some people as “x” or “∅x” (\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is
that you should be careful always to explain your notation to avoid confusing your readers.
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 8
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
20
Table 41: AMS Binary Operators
Z \barwedge } \circledcirc | \intercal
\boxdot \circleddash h \leftthreetimes
\boxminus d \Cup n \ltimes
\boxplus g \curlyvee i \rightthreetimes
\boxtimes f \curlywedge o \rtimes
e \Cap > \divideontimes r \smallsetminus
\centerdot u \dotplus Y \veebar
~ \circledast [ \doublebarwedge
21
Table 45: mathabx Binary Operators
\ast N \curlywedge [ \sqcap
\Asterisk \divdot \ \sqcup
X \barwedge \divideontimes ^ \sqdoublecap
\bigstar \dotdiv _ \sqdoublecup
\bigvarstar \dotplus \square
\blackdiamond \dottimes ] \squplus
X \cap Z \doublebarwedge \udot
\circplus \ \doublecap Z \uplus
\coasterisk ] \doublecup \varstar
\coAsterisk
\ltimes _ \vee
\convolution \pluscirc Y \veebar
Y \cup \rtimes [ \veedoublebar
O \curlyvee
\sqbullet ^ \wedge
22
Table 46: MnSymbol Binary Operators
∐ \amalg ⩏ \doublesqcup \righttherefore
∗ \ast ⩔ \doublevee ⋌ \rightthreetimes
\backslashdiv ⩕ \doublewedge ( \rightY
& \bowtie ∵ \downtherefore ⋊ \rtimes
● \bullet + \downY \slashdiv
∩ \cap " \dtimes ∏ \smallprod
⩀ \capdot \fivedots ⊓ \sqcap
? \capplus \hbipropto E \sqcapdot
⋅ \cdot \hdotdot G \sqcapplus
○ \circ ⌜ \lefthalfcap ⊔ \sqcup
¾ \closedcurlyvee ⌞ \lefthalfcup D \sqcupdot
¼ \closedcurlywedge \lefttherefore F \sqcupplus
∪ \cup ⋋ \leftthreetimes ∷ \squaredots
⊍ \cupdot * \leftY × \times
⊎ \cupplus ⋉ \ltimes \udotdot
⋎ \curlyvee ∖ \medbackslash ∴ \uptherefore
5 \curlyveedot ◯ \medcircle ) \upY
⋏ \curlywedge ∕ \medslash $ \utimes
4 \curlywedgedot ∣ \medvert \vbipropto
\ddotdot \medvertdot ∶ \vdotdot
\diamonddots − \minus ∨ \vee
÷ \div \minusdot / \veedot
\dotmedvert ∓ \mp ⧖ \vertbowtie
\dotminus \neswbipropto \vertdiv
⋒ \doublecap \nwsebipropto ∧ \wedge
⋓ \doublecup + \plus . \wedgedot
7 \doublecurlyvee ± \pm ≀ \wreath
6 \doublecurlywedge ⌝ \righthalfcap
⩎ \doublesqcap ⌟ \righthalfcup
The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the binary oper-
ators shown in Table 41 on page 21.
∗
\with differs from “&” in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A \& B$ produces
“A&B”, for example, while $A \with B$ produces “A & B”.
23
Table 49: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators
\odplus
24
Table 52: Variable-sized Math Operators
T \ NO V^ QY
\bigcap \bigotimes \bigwedge \prod
S [ F G `a PX
\bigcup \bigsqcup \coprod \sum
Z
JK U ] R
\bigodot \biguplus \int
I
LM W _ H
\bigoplus \bigvee \oint
r w ! " # $
\int† \iint \iiint
r w u z
∗ ∗
\varint \varoint \oiint
None of the preceding symbols are defined when wasysym is passed the nointegrals
option.
∗
Not defined when wasysym is passed the integrals option.
†
Defined only when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Otherwise, the default
LATEX \int glyph (as shown in Table 52) is used.
25
Table 56: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators
¬ Ýý Éé
\bigcurlyvee \bigboxslash \bigoright
¦ Òò Íí
\bigsqcap \bigboxtimes \bigoslash
« Úú Êê
\bigcurlywedge \bigboxtop \bigotop
Öö ßÿ Ïï
\bigboxasterisk \bigboxtriangleup \bigotriangleup
Þþ Üü Ìì
\bigboxbackslash \bigboxvoid \bigovoid
Ûû ¢
\bigboxbot \bigcomplementop \bigplus
Õõ Ææ ¨
\bigboxcirc \bigoasterisk \bigsquplus
×÷ Îî ¡
\bigboxcoasterisk \bigobackslash \bigtimes
Óó Ëë µ½
\bigboxdiv \bigobot \iiint
Ôô Åå ´ ¼
\bigboxdot \bigocirc \iint
Øø Çç ³ »
\bigboxleft \bigocoasterisk \int
Ññ Ãã · ¿
\bigboxminus \bigodiv \oiint
Ðð Èè ¶ ¾
\bigboxplus \bigoleft \oint
Ùù Áá
\bigboxright \bigominus
26
Table 57: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators
\bigsqcapplus \ointclockwise
\bigsqcupplus \ointctrclockwise
> ? R S
\fint \sqiiint
' ( P Q
\idotsint \sqiint
% &
\iiiint \sqint
# $ F G
\iiint \varoiiintclockwise
! " N O
\iint \varoiiintctrclockwise
L M B C
\oiiintclockwise \varoiintclockwise
D E J K
\oiiintctrclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise
) * - .
\oiiint \varointclockwise
H I + ,
\oiintclockwise \varointctrclockwise
A
@
\oiintctrclockwise \varprod
\oiint
27
Table 58: esint Variable-sized Math Operators
˙
¯ ı
\dotsint \ointclockwise
‰
ffl
\fint \ointctrclockwise
˘ „
ˇ ”
\iiiint \sqiint
˚ “
˝ ›
\iiint \sqint
¨ "
˜ !
\iint \varoiint
& fi
% ff
\landdownint \varointclockwise
$ ffi
# fl
\landupint \varointctrclockwise
‹
‚
\oiint
28
Table 59: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators
⦸ ⦸ \bigobackslash
\bigveedot ⨏ ⨏ \strokedint
∗
MnSymbol defines \biguplus as a synonym for \bigcupplus.
\intclockwise \ointclockwise
\oiiint \ointctrclockwise
\oiint
29
Table 61: cmll Large Math Operators
˙ ˘
\bigparr \bigwith
30
Table 67: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations
S \circledgtr X \lJoin ] \opentimes
R \circledless \ \lrtimes y \Perp
\colonapprox ( \multimap \preceqq
\Colonapprox \multimapboth \precneqq
D \coloneq \multimapbothvert Y \rJoin
H \Coloneq \multimapdot K \strictfi
F \Coloneqq \multimapdotboth J \strictif
B \coloneqq∗ \multimapdotbothA L \strictiff
\Colonsim \multimapdotbothAvert \succeqq
\colonsim \multimapdotbothB \succneqq
I \Eqcolon \multimapdotbothBvert ∥ \varparallel
E \eqcolon \multimapdotbothvert
\varparallelinv
C \eqqcolon \multimapdotinv \VvDash
G \Eqqcolon \multimapinv
h \eqsim [ \openJoin
∗
As an alternative to using txfonts/pxfonts, a “:=” symbol can be constructed with
“\mathrel{\mathop:}=”.
31
Table 70: mathabx Negated Binary Relations
\napprox M \notperp * \nvDash
\ncong ¢ \nprec * \nVDash
¸ \ncurlyeqprec È \nprecapprox . \nVdash
¹ \ncurlyeqsucc ¦ \npreccurlyeq & \nvdash
+ \nDashv ª \npreceq . \nVvash
/ \ndashV Â \nprecsim Ê \precnapprox
' \ndashv \nsim ¬ \precneq
+ \nDashV \nsimeq Ä \precnsim
/ \ndashVv £ \nsucc Ë \succnapprox
\neq É \nsuccapprox \succneq
\notasymp § \nsucccurlyeq Å \succnsim
\notdivides « \nsucceq
\notequiv à \nsuccsim
32
MnSymbol additionally defines synonyms for some of the preceding symbols:
33
⊣̸ \ndashv (same as \nleftvdash)
̸ \ndiagdown (same as \nnwseline)
̸ \ndiagup (same as \nneswline)
∤ \ndivides (same as \nupdownline)
≠ \ne (same as \nequal)
≠ \neq (same as \nequal)
∤ \nmid (same as \nupdownline)
⊭ \nmodels (same as \nrightmodels)
∦ \nparallel (same as \nUpdownline)
⊥̸ \nperp (same as \nupvdash)
̸ \nrelbar (same as \nleftrightline)
̸ \nRelbar (same as \nLeftrightline)
⊭ \nvDash (same as \nrightmodels)
⊬ \nvdash (same as \nrightvdash)
⊮ \nVdash (same as \nrightVdash)
⊯ \nVDash (same as \nrightModels)
=:=
“=:=”
vs. =: =
“=\vcentcolon=”
34
(continued from previous page)
Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the size of the upper
and lower expressions. See the turnstile documentation for more information.
Table 75: trsym Binary Relations
\InversTransformHoriz \TransformHoriz
\InversTransformVert \TransformVert
35
Table 77: cmll Binary Relations
¨ \coh ˝ \scoh
˚ \incoh ˇ \sincoh
36
Table 83: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations
\nsqsubset \nsupset
\sqsupseteq
\supseteq
\nsqSubset \nSupset \sqsupseteqq \supseteqq
\nsqsubseteq \nsupseteq \sqsupsetneq \supsetneq
\nsqsubseteqq \nsupseteqq \sqsupsetneqq \supsetneqq
\nsqsupset \sqsubset \subset \varsqsubsetneq
\nsqSupset \sqSubset \Subset \varsqsubsetneqq
\nsqsupseteq \sqsubseteq \subseteq \varsqsupsetneq
\nsqsupseteqq \sqsubseteqq \subseteqq \varsqsupsetneqq
\nsubset \sqsubsetneq \subsetneq \varsubsetneq
\nSubset \sqsubsetneqq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
\nsubseteq \sqSupset \supset \varsupsetneq
\nsubseteqq \sqsupset \Supset \varsupsetneqq
37
Table 87: wasysym Inequalities
? \apprge > \apprle
mathabx defines \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge as
synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant as a
synonym for \ngeq.
38
Table 90: MnSymbol Inequalities
⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪌ \gtreqqless ≲ \lesssim ⋛̸ \ngtreqless
⪕ \eqslantless ≷ \gtrless ≪ \ll ̸ \ngtreqlessslant
≥ \geq ó \gtrneqqless ⋘ \lll ⪌̸ \ngtreqqless
⊵ \geqclosed ≳ \gtrsim ⪉ \lnapprox ≹ \ngtrless
u \geqdot ≤ \leq ≨ \lneqq ≰ \nleq
≧ \geqq ⊴ \leqclosed ≴ \lnsim ⋬ \nleqclosed
⩾ \geqslant t \leqdot ⪖̸ \neqslantgtr ̸ \nleqdot
⪀ \geqslantdot ≦ \leqq ⪕̸ \neqslantless ≦̸ \nleqq
≫ \gg ⩽ \leqslant ≱ \ngeq ≰ \nleqslant
⋙ \ggg ⩿ \leqslantdot ⋭ \ngeqclosed ⩿̸ \nleqslantdot
⪊ \gnapprox < \less ̸ \ngeqdot ≮ \nless
≩ \gneqq ⪅ \lessapprox ≧̸ \ngeqq ⋪ \nlessclosed
≵ \gnsim ⊲ \lessclosed ≱ \ngeqslant ⋖̸ \nlessdot
> \gtr ⋖ \lessdot ⪀̸ \ngeqslantdot ⋚̸ \nlesseqgtr
⪆ \gtrapprox ⋚ \lesseqgtr ≫̸ \ngg ̸ \nlesseqgtrslant
⊳ \gtrclosed N \lesseqgtrslant ⋙̸ \nggg ⪋̸ \nlesseqqgtr
⋗ \gtrdot ⪋ \lesseqqgtr ≯ \ngtr ≸ \nlessgtr
⋛ \gtreqless ≶ \lessgtr ⋫ \ngtrclosed ≪̸ \nll
O \gtreqlessslant ò \lessneqqgtr ⋗̸ \ngtrdot ⋘̸ \nlll
39
Table 92: stmaryrd Triangle Relations
P \trianglelefteqslant Q \trianglerighteqslant
R \ntrianglelefteqslant S \ntrianglerighteqslant
40
Table 95: Arrows
⇓ \Downarrow ←− \longleftarrow - \nwarrow
↓ \downarrow ⇐= \Longleftarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow
←- \hookleftarrow ←→ \longleftrightarrow → \rightarrow
,→ \hookrightarrow ⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow & \searrow
{ \leadsto∗ 7−→ \longmapsto . \swarrow
← \leftarrow =⇒ \Longrightarrow ↑ \uparrow
⇐ \Leftarrow −→ \longrightarrow ⇑ \Uparrow
⇔ \Leftrightarrow 7→ \mapsto l \updownarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow % \nearrow† m \Updownarrow
∗
Not predefined in LATEX 2ε . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb,
txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.
†
See the note beneath Table 157 for information about how to put a diagonal arrow
*0
~ ”) .
∇
across a mathematical expression (as in “ ·B
41
Table 101: stmaryrd Arrows
^ \leftarrowtriangle ⇐\ \Mapsfrom \shortleftarrow
- \leftrightarroweq ←[ \mapsfrom \shortrightarrow
] \leftrightarrowtriangle ⇒ \Mapsto \shortuparrow
\lightning 1 \nnearrow % \ssearrow
⇐=\ \Longmapsfrom 0 \nnwarrow $ \sswarrow
←−[ \longmapsfrom _ \rightarrowtriangle
=⇒ \Longmapsto \shortdownarrow
42
Table 105: mathabx Harpoons
Þ \barleftharpoon à \leftharpoonup é \rightleftharpoons
ß \barrightharpoon Ø \leftleftharpoons Ù \rightrightharpoons
Û \downdownharpoons à \leftrightharpoon ê \updownharpoons
å \downharpoonleft è \leftrightharpoons ä \upharpoonleft
ç \downharpoonright Ý \rightbarharpoon æ \upharpoonright
ë \downupharpoons ã \rightharpoondown Ú \upupharpoons
Ü \leftbarharpoon á \rightharpoonup
â \leftharpoondown á \rightleftharpoon
43
(continued from previous page)
44
(continued from previous page)
45
↺̸ \ncirclearrowleft (same as \nrcirclearrowup)
↻̸ \ncirclearrowright (same as \nlcirclearrowup)
↶̸ \ncurvearrowleft (same as \nrcurvearrowleft)
↷̸ \ncurvearrowright (same as \nlcurvearrowright)
⇢̸ \ndasharrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
⇠̸ \ndashleftarrow (same as \ndashedleftarrow)
⇢̸ \ndashrightarrow (same as \ndashedrightarrow)
↚ \ngets (same as \nleftarrow)
↩̸ \nhookleftarrow (same as \nrhookleftarrow)
↪̸ \nhookrightarrow (same as \nlhookrightarrow)
↝̸ \nleadsto (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
̸ \nleftrightsquigarrow (same as \nsquigarrowleftright)
↦̸ \nmapsto (same as \nrightmapsto)
↝̸ \nrightsquigarrow (same as \nrightlsquigarrow)
↛ \nto (same as \nrightarrow)
46
Table 110: chemarrow Arrows
A \chemarrow
47
Table 114: MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns
\doublefrown ̸ \nsmileeq \smileeq
% \doublefrowneq ̸ \nsmileeqfrown & \smileeqfrown
\doublesmile ≭ \nsmilefrown ≍ \smilefrown
$ \doublesmileeq ̸ \nsmilefrowneq ( \smilefrowneq
# \eqfrown ̸ \nsqdoublefrown - \sqdoublefrown
" \eqsmile ̸ \nsqdoublefrowneq 7 \sqdoublefrowneq
⌢ \frown ̸ \nsqdoublesmile , \sqdoublesmile
! \frowneq ̸ \nsqdoublesmileeq 6 \sqdoublesmileeq
' \frowneqsmile ̸ \nsqeqfrown 5 \sqeqfrown
\frownsmile ̸ \nsqeqsmile 4 \sqeqsmile
) \frownsmileeq ̸ \nsqfrown + \sqfrown
̸ \ndoublefrown ̸ \nsqfrowneq 3 \sqfrowneq
̸ \ndoublefrowneq ̸ \nsqfrowneqsmile 9 \sqfrowneqsmile
̸ \ndoublesmile ̸ \nsqfrownsmile 1 \sqfrownsmile
̸ \ndoublesmileeq ̸ \nsqsmile * \sqsmile
̸ \neqfrown ̸ \nsqsmileeq 2 \sqsmileeq
̸ \neqsmile ̸ \nsqsmileeqfrown 8 \sqsmileeqfrown
⌢̸ \nfrown ̸ \nsqsmilefrown 0 \sqsmilefrown
̸ \nfrowneq ̸ \nsqtriplefrown / \sqtriplefrown
̸ \nfrowneqsmile ̸ \nsqtriplesmile . \sqtriplesmile
̸ \nfrownsmile ̸ \ntriplefrown \triplefrown
̸ \nfrownsmileeq ̸ \ntriplesmile \triplesmile
⌣̸ \nsmile ⌣ \smile
∗
MnSymbol defines \smallsmile as a synonym for \smile, \smallfrown as a syn-
onym for \frown, \asymp as a synonym for \smilefrown, and \nasymp as a syn-
onym for \nsmilefrown.
48
Table 119: mathabx Extension Characters
ß \mapsfromchar Þ \mapstochar
û \Mapsfromchar ú \Mapstochar
Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.2 Each log-like symbol merely
produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spac-
ing. See Section 7.4 for more information about log-like symbols. As \bmod and
\pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for
LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. See Section 7.4 for some additional
comments regarding log-like symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols
we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for samples.
The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The
symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.
See Section 7.5 for examples of how to produce bold Greek letters.
49
Table 124: txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters
α \alphaup θ \thetaup π \piup φ \phiup
β \betaup ϑ \varthetaup $ \varpiup ϕ \varphiup
γ \gammaup ι \iotaup ρ \rhoup χ \chiup
δ \deltaup κ \kappaup % \varrhoup ψ \psiup
\epsilonup λ \lambdaup σ \sigmaup ω \omegaup
ε \varepsilonup µ \muup ς \varsigmaup
ζ \zetaup ν \nuup τ \tauup
η \etaup ξ \xiup υ \upsilonup
upgreek utilizes upright Greek characters from either the PostScript Symbol font
(depicted above) or Euler Roman. As a result, the glyphs may appear slightly
different from the above. Contrast, for example, “Γ∆Θαβγ” (Symbol) with
“Γ∆Θαβγ” (Euler).
50
Table 129: Letter-like Symbols
⊥ \bot ∀ \forall ı \imath 3 \ni > \top
` \ell ~ \hbar ∈ \in ∂ \partial ℘ \wp
∃ \exists = \Im \jmath < \Re
∗
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 8
because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.
51
Table 136: fge Letter-like Symbols
A \fgeA \fgeeszett D \fgeleftB U \fgeU
c \fgec F \fgeF C \fgeleftC
p \fged f \fgef B \fgerightB
e \fgee \fgelb∗ s \fges
∗
The fge package defines \fgeeta, \fgeN, and \fgeoverU as synonyms for \fgelb.
x \ulcorner y \urcorner
z \llcorner { \lrcorner
52
Table 141: Variable-sized Delimiters
w h i
↓ \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow [ [ ] ]
w
y
D E
h \langle i \rangle | | k \|
l m x ~
d \lceil e \rceil ↑ \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow
w
w
j k x ~
b \lfloor c \rfloor l y \updownarrow m \Updownarrow
w
n o
( ( ) ) { \{ } \}
. /
/ / \ \backslash
When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the
enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is a
synonym for \|.
ε-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right. \middle can be used, for
example, to make an internal “|” expand to the height of the surrounding \left and
\right symbols. (This capability is commonly needed when typesetting adjacent
bras and kets in Dirac notation: “hφ|ψi”). A similar effect can be achieved in
conventional LATEX using the braket package.
These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The mathabx package, how-
ever, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left
and \right.
53
Table 145: mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters
1 9
v \ldbrack w \rdbrack
77 ??
7 77 \lfilet ? ?? \rfilet
~ \thickvert ~ \vvvert
⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
⌈ ⎢⎢ ⌉ ⎥⎥ ⌜ ⌜ ⌝ ⌝
⎢⎢ \lceil ⎥⎥ \rceil \ulcorner \urcorner
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎢ ⎥⎥
⌊ ⎢⎢ ⌋ ⎥⎥ ⌞ ⌞ ⌟ ⌟
⎢⎢ \lfloor ⎥⎥ \rfloor \llcorner \lrcorner
⎣ ⎦
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
^ ^^ ^ ^^ ⟨ ⟨ ⟩ ⟩
^^ \lwavy ^^ \rwavy \langle \rangle
^ ^
_ _
_ _ _
_
_
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ k n p s
_
_
\lWavy _
_
\rWavy \langlebar \ranglebar
_ _
⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪
⎧
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
⎪
( ( ) ) ⎩ ⎪
⎪ ⎭ ⎪
⎪
⎩ ⎭
( ) \lgroup \rgroup
L
P M
Q
⟦ P
P ⟧ Q
Q ⟪ ⟪ ⟫ ⟫
P
P
\lsem Q
Q
\rsem \llangle \rrangle
N O
⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎧
⎪ ⎫
⎪
⎧
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎭ ⎪
⎪ ⎩ ⎪
⎪ { ⎨ } ⎬
⎭ ⎩ ⎪ ⎪
\lmoustache \rmoustache \lbrace \rbrace
⎪
⎩ ⎪
⎭
⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
[ ⎢⎢ ] ⎥⎥ 3 6 8 ;
⎢⎢ [ ⎥⎥ ] \ullcorner \ulrcorner
⎣ ⎦
RR X
X ⎪
⎪
RR X
X ⎪ ⎪
⎪
∣ RR ∥ X
X ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪
R | X \| ⎪ \bracevert
RR X
X
RR RR X X
X
R RR X
X X
X
R \arrowvert X \Arrowvert
\vert is a synonym for |. \Vert is a synonym for \|. \mid and \mvert produce
the same symbol as \vert but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
\divides produces the same symbol as \vert but designated as a binary operator
instead of an ordinal. \parallel and \mVert produce the same symbol as \Vert
but designated as math relations instead of ordinals.
54
Table 147: mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters
Ð Ð
Ð Ð
Ð Ð
Ð \leftwave Ð Ð
Ð \rightwave
Ñ Ñ
Ñ Ñ
Ñ Ñ
Ñ \leftevaw Ñ Ñ
Ñ \rightevaw
∗
nath redefines all of the above to include implicit \left and \right commands.
Hence, separate \lVert and \rVert commands are needed to disambiguate whether
“|” is a left or right delimiter.
All of the symbols in Table 148 can also be expressed using the \double macro.
See the nath documentation for examples and additional information.
∗
Similar to \lVert and \rVert in Table 148, \ltriple and \rtriple must be used
instead of \triple to disambiguate whether “|” is a left or right delimiter.
55
Table 150: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters
〈 \textlangle 〉 \textrangle
〚 \textlbrackdbl 〛 \textrbrackdbl
⁅ \textlquill ⁆ \textrquill
Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of
“i ” and “j ”. (See Table 184 on page 62.) These are useful when the accent is
supposed to replace the dot. For example, “\hat{\imath}” produces a correct
“ ı̂ ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.
These accents are also provided by the mathabx and accents packages and are
redefined by the mathdots package if the amsmath and amssymb packages have pre-
viously been loaded. All of the variations except for the original AMS ones tighten
...
the space between the dots (from a to ˙˙˙
a). The mathabx and mathdots... versions also
function properly within subscripts and superscripts (x˙˙˙
a
instead of x a ) .
56
Table 156: yhmath Math-mode Accents
å \ring{a}
ˆ˚
abc \widering{abc}
57
Table 160: AMS Extensible Accents
←→
abc \overleftrightarrow{abc} abc
←→ \underleftrightarrow{abc}
abc
←− \underleftarrow{abc} abc
−→ \underrightarrow{abc}
∗
\overbracket and \underbracket accept optional arguments that specify the
bracket height and thickness. See the mathtools documentation for more infor-
mation.
looabc
moon \underbrace{abc}
abc \wideparen{abc}
ˆ˚
lo
oo n
abc \undergroup{abc} abc \widering{abc}
abc \widearrow{abc}
The braces shown for \overbrace and \underbrace appear in their minimum size.
They can expand arbitrarily wide, however.
58
Table 164: esvect Extensible Accents
#”
abc \vv{abc} with package option a
#„
abc \vv{abc} with package option b
#«
abc \vv{abc} with package option c
#»
abc \vv{abc} with package option d
#–
abc \vv{abc} with package option e
#—
abc \vv{abc} with package option f
#
abc \vv{abc} with package option g
#‰
abc \vv{abc} with package option h
esvect also defines a \vv* macro which is used to typeset arrows over vector vari-
ables with subscripts. See the esvect documentation for more information.
59
Table 169: chemarrow Extensible Arrows
DGGGGGGG
abc
\autoleftarrow{abc}{def} GGGGGGGA
abc
\autorightarrow{abc}{def}
def def
EGGGGGGG
GGGGGGGC
abc
\autoleftrightharpoons{abc}{def} GGGGGGGB
FGGGGGGG
abc
\autorightleftharpoons{abc}{def}
def def
a \dft{a} a \DFT{a}
The extpfeil package also provides a \newextarrow command to help you define
your own extensible arrow symbols. See the extpfeil documentation for more infor-
mation.
60
Table 174: Dots
..
· \cdotp : \colon∗ . \ldotp . \vdots†
..
··· \cdots . \ddots† ... \ldots
∗
While “:” is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spacing. See
Section 7.4 and the Short Math Guide for LATEX [Dow00] for more information on
math-mode spacing.
†
The mathdots package redefines \ddots and \vdots to make them scale properly
with font size. (They normally scale horizontally but not vertically.) \fixedddots
and \fixedvdots provide the original, fixed-height functionality of LATEX 2ε ’s
\ddots and \vdots macros.
The AMS \dots symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb
between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas,
\dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs,
and \dotso between other symbol pairs.
All of the above except \hdots and \vdots are defined as binary operators and
therefore also appear in Table 46 on page 23. Also, unlike most of the other dot
symbols in this document, MnSymbol’s dots are defined as single characters instead
of as composites of multiple single-dot characters.
61
Table 178: mathdots Dots
.
.. \iddots
62
Table 185: Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols
∠ \angle H \blacktriangledown f \mho
8 \backprime \diagdown ^ \sphericalangle
F \bigstar \diagup \square
\blacklozenge ð \eth O \triangledown
\blacksquare ♦ \lozenge ∅ \varnothing
N \blacktriangle ] \measuredangle M \vartriangle
∗
wasysym also defines an \agemO symbol, which is the same glyph as \mho but is
intended for use in text mode.
63
Table 190: Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols
∫…∫ \partialvardint ∫…∫ \partialvartint
⨚ \partialvardlanddownint ⨚ \partialvartlanddownint
⨙ \partialvardlandupint ⨙ \partialvartlandupint
∲ \partialvardlcircleleftint ∲ \partialvartlcircleleftint
∲ \partialvardlcirclerightint ∲ \partialvartlcirclerightint
∯ \partialvardoiint ∯ \partialvartoiint
∮ \partialvardoint ∮ \partialvartoint
∳ \partialvardrcircleleftint ∳ \partialvartrcircleleftint
∳ \partialvardrcirclerightint ∳ \partialvartrcirclerightint
⨏ \partialvardstrokedint ⨏ \partialvartstrokedint
⨋ \partialvardsumint ⨋ \partialvartsumint
†
nicefrac (part of the units package) can be used to construct vulgar fractions like
“1/2”, “1/4”, “3/4”, and even “c/o”.
64
Table 196: Math Alphabets
Font sample Generating command Required package
ABCdef123 \mathrm{ABCdef123} none
ABCdef123 \mathit{ABCdef123} none
ABCdef \mathnormal{ABCdef123} none
ABC \mathcal{ABC} none
ABC \mathscr{ABC} mathrsfs
or \mathcal{ABC} calrsfs
ABC \mathcal{ABC} euscript with the mathcal option
or \mathscr{ABC} euscript with the mathscr option
ABCdef123 \mathpzc{ABCdef123} none; manually defined∗
ABC \mathbb{ABC} amsfonts,§ amssymb, txfonts, or pxfonts
\varmathbb{ABC} txfonts or pxfonts
ABCdef123 \mathbb{ABCdef123} bbold or mathbbol†
ABCdef123 \mathbb{ABCdef123} mbboard†
ABCdef12 \mathbbm{ABCdef12} bbm
ABCdef12 \mathbbmss{ABCdef12} bbm
ABCdef12 \mathbbmtt{ABCdef12} bbm
ABC1 \mathds{ABC1} dsfont
ABC1 \mathds{ABC1} dsfont with the sans option
ABCdef123 \mathfrak{ABCdef123} eufrak
ABCdef123 \textfrak{ABCdef123} yfonts‡
ABCdef123 \textswab{ABCdef123} yfonts‡
ABCˇf123 \textgoth{ABCdef123} yfonts‡
∗
Put “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}” in your docu-
ment’s preamble to make \mathpzc typeset its argument in Zapf Chancery.
As a similar trick, you can typeset the Calligra font’s script “ r ” (or other
calligraphic symbols) in math mode by loading the calligra package and
putting “\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathcalligra}{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}”
in your document’s preamble to make \mathcalligra typeset its
argument in the Calligra font. (You may also want to specify
“\DeclareFontShape{T1}{calligra}{m}{n}{<->s*[2.2]callig15}{}” to
set Calligra at 2.2 times its design size for a better blend with typical body fonts.)
†
The mathbbol package defines some additional blackboard bold characters:
parentheses, square brackets, angle brackets, and—if the bbgreekl option
is passed to matbbol—Greek letters. For instance, “<[(
)]>” is pro-
duced by “\mathbb{\Langle\Lbrack\Lparen\bbalpha\bbbeta\bbgamma\Rparen
\Rbrack\Rangle}”.
‡
As their \text. . . names imply, the fonts provided by the yfonts package are
actually text fonts. They are included in Table 196 because they are frequently
used in a mathematical context.
65
§
An older (i.e., prior to 1991) version of the AMS’s fonts rendered C, N, R, S,
and Z as C, N, R, S, and Z. As some people prefer the older glyphs—much to
the AMS’s surprise—and because those glyphs fail to build under modern versions
of METAFONT, Berthold Horn uploaded PostScript fonts for the older blackboard-
bold glyphs to CTAN, to the fonts/msym10 directory. As of this writing, however,
there are no LATEX 2ε packages for utilizing the now-obsolete glyphs.
66
4 Science and technology symbols
This section lists symbols that are employed in various branches of science and engineering.
Table 197: gensymb Symbols Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
℃ \celsius µ \micro ‰ \perthousand
° \degree Ω \ohm
67
Table 202: wasysym Astronomical Symbols
' \mercury ♁ \earth X \jupiter Z \uranus \ \pluto
♀ \venus ♂ \mars Y \saturn [ \neptune
Á \Moon À \Sun
mathabx also defines \girl as an alias for \Venus, \boy as an alias for \Mars, and
\Moon as an alias for \leftmoon.
68
Table 207: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols
Í \ComputerMouse Ñ \ParallelPort Î \SerialInterface
Ï \Keyboard Ò \Printer Ð \SerialPort
∗
Changes based on the language option passed to the keystroke package. For exam-
ple, the german option makes \Del produce “ Entf ” instead of “ Del ”.
†
These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in most
DVI viewers.
The \keystroke command draws a key with an arbitrary label. For example,
“\keystroke{F7}” produces “ F7 ”.
Code Page 437 (CP437), which was first utilized by the original IBM PC, uses the
symbols \SOH through \US to depict ASCII characters 1–31 and \DEL to depict
ASCII character 127. The \NUL symbol, not part of CP437, represents ASCII
character 0. \NBSP, also not part of CP437, represents a nonbreaking space.
\splitvert is merely the “|” character drawn as it was on the IBM PC.
69
Table 211: marvosym Engineering Symbols
" \Beam l \Force ‘ \Octosteel \RoundedTTsteel
# \Bearing ’ \Hexasteel ˜ \Rectpipe — \Squarepipe
› \Circpipe & \Lefttorque ” \Rectsteel “ \Squaresteel
• \Circsteel L \Lineload ' \Righttorque œ \Tsteel
% \Fixedbearing $ \Loosebearing Ÿ \RoundedLsteel∗ š \TTsteel
– \Flatsteel ™ \Lsteel \RoundedTsteel∗
∗
\RoundedLsteel and \RoundedTsteel seem to be swapped, at least in the
2000/05/01 version of marvosym.
The feyn package provides various commands for composing the preceding symbols
into complete Feynman diagrams. See the feyn documentation for examples and
additional information.
70
5 Dingbats
Dingbats are symbols such as stars, arrows, and geometric shapes. They are commonly used as bullets in
itemized lists or, more generally, as a means to draw attention to the text that follows.
The pifont dingbat package warrants special mention. Among other capabilities, pifont provides a LATEX
interface to the Zapf Dingbats font (one of the standard 35 PostScript fonts). However, rather than name each
of the dingbats individually, pifont merely provides a single \ding command, which outputs the character that
lies at a given position in the font. The consequence is that the pifont symbols can’t be listed by name in this
document’s index, so be mindful of that fact when searching for a particular symbol.
\ScissorHollowRight \ScissorRight
\ScissorLeft \ScissorRightBrokenBottom
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom \ScissorRightBrokenTop
71
Table 222: dingbat Pencils
W \largepencil P \smallpencil
\NibRight \PencilLeftDown \PencilRightUp
\NibSolidLeft \PencilLeftUp
\NibSolidRight \PencilRight
\HandCuffLeftUp \HandLeft \HandRight
\HandCuffRight \HandLeftUp \HandRightUp
4 '
\CrossBoldOutline \CrossOutline \PlusThinCenterOpen
. (
\CrossClowerTips \Plus
\CrossMaltese \PlusCenterOpen
72
Table 230: bbding Xs and Check Marks
! # %
" $
\Checkmark \XSolid \XSolidBrush
\CheckmarkBold \XSolidBold
73
Table 236: bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes
N P 2
A 8 3
\Asterisk \FiveFlowerPetal \JackStar
B ; O
\AsteriskBold \FiveStar \JackStarBold
X ? U
\AsteriskCenterOpen \FiveStarCenterOpen \SixFlowerAlternate
C 7 M
\AsteriskRoundedEnds \FiveStarConvex \SixFlowerAltPetal
D 9 Q
\AsteriskThin \FiveStarLines \SixFlowerOpenCenter
0 : L
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen \FiveStarOpen \SixFlowerPetalDotted
/ < [
\DavidStar \FiveStarOpenCircled \SixFlowerPetalRemoved
Z = G
\DavidStarSolid \FiveStarOpenDotted \SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal
S > K
\EightAsterisk \FiveStarOutline \SixStar
Y @ `
\EightFlowerPetal \FiveStarOutlineHeavy \SixteenStarLight
H 1 ^
\EightFlowerPetalRemoved \FiveStarShadow \Snowflake
I V _
\EightStar \FourAsterisk \SnowflakeChevron
F W ]
\EightStarBold \FourClowerOpen \SnowflakeChevronBold
E 5 \
\EightStarConvex \FourClowerSolid \Sparkle
R 6 J
\EightStarTaper \FourStar \SparkleBold
\FiveFlowerOpen \FourStarOpen \TwelweStar
74
Table 240: ifsym Geometric Shapes
% \BigCircle T \FilledBigTriangleRight E \SmallCircle
\BigCross Q \FilledBigTriangleUp \SmallCross
& \BigDiamondshape e \FilledCircle F \SmallDiamondshape
\BigHBar \FilledDiamondShadowA \SmallHBar
_ \BigLowerDiamond \FilledDiamondShadowC \SmallLowerDiamond
/ \BigRightDiamond f \FilledDiamondshape O \SmallRightDiamond
\BigSquare u \FilledSmallCircle @ \SmallSquare
# \BigTriangleDown v \FilledSmallDiamondshape C \SmallTriangleDown
" \BigTriangleLeft p \FilledSmallSquare B \SmallTriangleLeft
$ \BigTriangleRight s \FilledSmallTriangleDown D \SmallTriangleRight
! \BigTriangleUp r \FilledSmallTriangleLeft A \SmallTriangleUp
\BigVBar t \FilledSmallTriangleRight \SmallVBar
5 \Circle q \FilledSmallTriangleUp * \SpinDown
\Cross ` \FilledSquare ) \SpinUp
\DiamondShadowA \FilledSquareShadowA 0 \Square
\DiamondShadowB \FilledSquareShadowC \SquareShadowA
\DiamondShadowC c \FilledTriangleDown \SquareShadowB
6 \Diamondshape b \FilledTriangleLeft \SquareShadowC
U \FilledBigCircle d \FilledTriangleRight 3 \TriangleDown
V \FilledBigDiamondshape a \FilledTriangleUp 2 \TriangleLeft
P \FilledBigSquare \HBar 4 \TriangleRight
S \FilledBigTriangleDown o \LowerDiamond 1 \TriangleUp
R \FilledBigTriangleLeft ? \RightDiamond \VBar
The ifsym documentation points out that one can use \rlap to combine
some of the above into useful, new symbols. For example, \BigCircle and
%u
\FilledSmallCircle combine to give “ ”. Likewise, \Square and \Cross com-
0
bine to give “ ”. See Section 7.3 for more information about constructing new
symbols out of existing symbols.
p t g
\CircleSolid \RectangleBold \SquareShadowTopRight
b f o
\DiamondSolid \RectangleThin \SquareSolid
e k n
\Ellipse \Square \TriangleDown
c m
\EllipseShadow \SquareCastShadowBottomRight \TriangleUp
s l
\EllipseSolid \SquareCastShadowTopLeft
r h
\HalfCircleLeft \SquareCastShadowTopRight
\HalfCircleRight \SquareShadowBottomRight
75
Table 243: universa Geometric Shapes
\baucircle \bausquare \bautriangle
The igo package is intended to typeset Go boards (goban). See the igo documen-
tation for more information.
Note that these symbols descend far beneath the baseline. manfnt also defines non-
descending versions, which it calls, correspondingly, \textdbend, \textlhdbend,
and \textreversedvideodbend.
76
Table 250: Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats
O E S
C B
\anchor \eye \Sborder
C
D I Z
\carriagereturn \filledsquarewithdots \squarewithdots
\checkmark \satellitedish \Zborder
77
6 Other symbols
The following are all the symbols that didn’t fit neatly or unambiguously into any of the previous sections.
(Do weather symbols belong under “Science and technology”? Should dice be considered “mathematics”?)
While some of the tables contain clearly related groups of symbols (e.g., musical notes), others represent motley
assortments of whatever the font designer felt like drawing.
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 184 on page 62).
See also \flat, \sharp, and \natural (Table 184 on page 62).
78
Table 258: harmony Musical Symbols
== ==
ˇ “ˇ “ \AAcht /
DD \DDohne ˘“ \Halb ˇ“ \SechBR > \VM
==
=ˇ=(
“ \Acht D/ \Dohne < \HaPa ˇ “= \SechBr ˇ “* \Zwdr
ˇ “ == \AchtBL ss \Ds ‰ \Pu @ \SePa A \ZwPa
ˇ“ \AchtBR SS \DS ˇ“ \Sech \UB
==ˇ ) “
<
∗
These symbols take an optional argument which shifts the accent either horizontally
or vertically (depending on the command) by the given distance.
79
Table 262: marvosym Laundry Symbols
Ø \AtForty Ü \Handwash Ô \ShortNinetyFive
Ó \AtNinetyFive ¯ \IroningI Ö \ShortSixty
Õ \AtSixty ° \IroningII Û \ShortThirty
Ë \Bleech ± \IroningIII Ú \SpecialForty
« \CleaningA Ì \NoBleech \Tumbler
¾ \CleaningF ¨ \NoChemicalCleaning ‰ \WashCotton
¿ \CleaningFF ² \NoIroning Š \WashSynthetics
¬ \CleaningP \NoTumbler ‹ \WashWool
\CleaningPP × \ShortFifty
Ý \Dontwash Ù \ShortForty
\bauforms \bauhead
80
Table 267: ifsym Alpine Symbols
\SummitSign \Summit \SurveySign \HalfFilledHut
\StoneMan \Mountain \Joch \VarSummit
\Hut \IceMountain \Flag
\FilledHut \VarMountain \VarFlag
\Village \VarIceMountain \Tent
The epsdice package does not provide a font but rather an interface to a set of
graphics drawn in Encapsulated PostScript. Consequently, epsdice does not work
with pdfLATEX.
81
Table 271: skak Chess Informator Symbols
g \bbetter d \doublepawns N \novelty R \various
i \bdecisive L \ending F \onlymove f \wbetter
b \betteris j \equal o \opposbishops h \wdecisive
a \bishoppair P \etc r \passedpawn J \weakpt
e \bupperhand H \file M \qside w \with
I \centre O \kside s \samebishops A \withattack
RR \comment x \markera l \see E \withidea
n \compensation y \markerb q \seppawns C \withinit
V \counterplay m \mate T \timelimit v \without
t \devadvantage S \morepawns k \unclear c \wupperhand
G \diagonal U \moreroom u \unitedpawns D \zugzwang
The preceding symbols are merely the named informator symbol. skak can
KQRBNP kqrbnp
typeset many more chess-related symbols, including those for all of the pieces
( / ), but only in the context of moves and boards, not
as individual, named LATEX symbols.
82
Table 274: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk
The protosem package defines abbreviated control sequences for each of the above.
In addition, single-letter shortcuts can be used within the argument to the
\textproto command (e.g., “\textproto{Pakyn}” produces “Pakyn”). See
the protosem documentation for more information.
83
Table 276: hieroglf Hieroglyphics
The hieroglf package defines alternate control sequences and single-letter shortcuts
for each of the above which can be used within the argument to the \textpmhg
command (e.g., “\textpmhg{Pakin}” produces “Pakin”). See the hieroglf
documentation for more information.
84
Table 278: simpsons Characters from The Simpsons
\Bart \Homer
\Maggie \SNPP
The location of the characters’ pupils can be controlled with the \Goofy command.
See A METAFONT of ‘Simpsons’ characters [Che97] for more information. Also,
each of the above can be prefixed with \Left to make the character face left instead
of right:
\Left\Bart
85
(continued from previous page)
The meanings of these symbols are described on the Web site for the Mu-
seum of Icelandic Sorcery and Witchcraft at http://www.galdrasyning.is/
index.php?option=com content&task=category§ionid=5&id=18&Itemid=
60 (TinyURL: http://tinyurl.com/25979m). For example, \staveL (“1”) is
intended to ward off ghosts and evil spirits.
86
7 Additional Information
Unlike the previous sections of this document, Section 7 does not contain new symbol tables. Rather, it provides
additional help in using the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List. First, it draws attention to symbol names used
by multiple packages. Next, it provides some guidelines for finding symbols and gives some examples regarding
how to construct missing symbols out of existing ones. Then, it comments on the spacing surrounding symbols
in math mode. After that, it presents an ASCII and Latin 1 quick-reference guide, showing how to enter all of
the standard ASCII/Latin 1 symbols in LATEX. And finally, it lists some statistics about this document itself.
\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmr}
\renewcommand\sfdefault{cmss}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{cmtt}
87
Table 280: Symbol Name Clashes
Symbol LATEX 2ε AMS stmaryrd wasysym mathabx marvosym bbding ifsym dingbat wsuipa
\baro <
\bigtriangledown 5
`
\bigtriangleup 4
a
\checkmark X D
\Circle 5
\Cross †
#
*
88
\ggg ≫ Ï
\Letter B
\lightning
\Lightning E
\lll ≪ Î
\Square f 0
\Sun @ À
\TriangleDown o 3
\TriangleUp n 1
Table 281: Example of a Benign Name Clash
Default txfonts
Symbol (Computer Modern) (Times Roman)
R R R
\textrecipe
\} }
o ™ )
}
\uparrow ↑
x
x
x
x
x
↑
top
top-middle (extensible)
middle
−→
middle-bottom (extensible)
bottom
89
• The symbol isn’t intuitively named. As a few examples, the ifsym command to draw dice is “\Cube”; a
plus sign with a circle around it (“exclusive or” to computer engineers) is “\oplus”; and lightning bolts
in fonts designed by German speakers may have “blitz” in their names as in the ulsy package. The moral
of the story is to be creative with synonyms when searching the index.
• The symbol is defined by some package that I overlooked (or deemed unimportant). If there’s some
symbol package that you think should be included in the Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List, please send
me e-mail at the address listed on the title page.
• The symbol isn’t defined in any package whatsoever.
Even in the last case, all is not lost. Sometimes, a symbol exists in a font, but there is no LATEX binding
for it. For example, the PostScript Symbol font contains a “↵” symbol, which may be useful for representing
a carriage return, but there is no package (as far as I know) for accessing that symbol. To produce an
unnamed symbol, you need to switch to the font explicitly with LATEX 2ε ’s low-level font commands [LAT00]
and use TEX’s primitive \char command [Knu86a] to request a specific character number in the font.4 In fact,
X
\char is not strictly necesssary; the character can often be entered symbolically. For example, the symbol
for an impulse train or Tate-Shafarevich group (“ ”) is actually an uppercase sha in the Cyrillic alphabet.
(Cyrillic is supported by the OT2 font encoding, for instance). While a sha can be defined numerically as
“{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char88}” it may be more intuitive to use the OT2 font encoding’s “SH”
ligature: “{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont SH}”.
\def\models{\mathrel|\joinrel=}
where \mathrel and \joinrel are used to control the horizontal spacing. \def is the TEX primitive upon
which LATEX’s \newcommand is based. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more information on all three of those
commands.
With some simple pattern-matching, one can easily define a backward \models sign (“=|”):
\def\ismodeledby{=\joinrel\mathrel|}
In general, arrows/harpoons, horizontal lines (“=”, “-”, “\relbar”, and “\Relbar”), and the various math-
extension characters can be combined creatively with miscellaneous other characters to produce a variety of
new symbols. Of course, new symbols can be composed from any set of existing characters. For instance, LATEX
defines \hbar (“~”) as a “¯” character (\mathchar’26) followed by a backspace of 9 math units (\mkern-9mu),
followed by the letter “h”:
\def\hbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9muh}}
4 pifont defines a convenient \Pisymbol command for accessing symbols in PostScript fonts by number. For example,
“\Pisymbol{psy}{191}” produces “↵”.
5 As an example, Xdvi ignores both \reflectbox and \rotatebox.
6 More common symbols for representing “such that” include “|”, “:”, and “s.t.”.
90
We can just as easily define other barred letters:
\def\bbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-9mu b}}
\def\dbar{{\mathchar’26\mkern-12mu d}}
(The space after the “mu” is optional but is added for clarity.) \bbar and \dbar define “b̄” and “¯
d”, respectively.
Note that \dbar requires a greater backward math kern than \bbar; a −9 mu kern would have produced the
less-attractive “d̄” glyph.
The amsmath package provides \overset and \underset commands for placing one symbol respectively
G
above or below another. For example, \overset{G}{\sim}7 produces “∼” (sometimes used for “equidecom-
posable with respect to G”).
Sometimes an ordinary tabular environment can be co-opted into juxtaposing existing symbols into a new
symbol. Consider the following definition of \asterism (“** * ”) from a June 2007 post to comp.text.tex by
Peter Flynn:
\newcommand{\asterism}{\smash{%
\raisebox{-.5ex}{%
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{-.5pt}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}cc@{}}%
\multicolumn2c*\\[-2ex]*&*%
\end{tabular}}}}
Note how the space between columns (\tabcolsep) and rows (\\[. . . ]) is made negative to squeeze the
asterisks closer together.
There is a TEX primitive called \mathaccent that centers one mathematical symbol atop another. For
·
example, one can define \dotcup (“∪”)—the composition of a \cup and a \cdot—as follows:
\newcommand{\dotcup}{\ensuremath{\mathaccent\cdot\cup}}
The catch is that \mathaccent requires the accent to be a “math character”. That is, it must be a character
in a math font as opposed to a symbol defined in terms of other symbols. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more
information.
Another TEX primitive that is useful for composing symbols is \vcenter. \vcenter is conceptually similar
to “\begin{tabular}{l}” in LATEX but takes a list of vertical material instead of \\-separated rows. Also,
it vertically centers the result on the math axis. (Many operators, such as “+” and “−” are also vertically
centered on the math axis.) Enrico Gregorio posted the following symbol definition to comp.text.tex in
March 2004 in response to a query about an alternate way to denote equivalence:
\newcommand*{\threesim}{%
\mathrel{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}\vskip-.35ex\hbox{$\sim$}}}}
The \threesim symbol, which vertically centers three \sim (“∼”) symbols with 0.35 x-heights of space between
them, is rendered as “∼∼
∼”. \offinterlineskip is a macro that disables implicit interline spacing. Without
it, \threesim would have a full line of vertical spacing between each \sim. Because of \vcenter, \threesim
aligns properly with other math operators: a ÷ b ∼ ∼
∼ c × d.
A related LATEX command, borrowed from Plain TEX, is \ooalign. \ooalign vertically overlaps symbols
and works both within and outside of math mode. Essentially, it creates a single-column tabular environment
with zero vertical distance between rows. However, because it is based directly on TEX’s \ialign primitive,
\ooalign uses TEX’s tabular syntax instead of LATEX’s (i.e., with \cr as the row terminator instead of \\). The
following example of \ooalign, a macro that defines a standard-state symbol (\stst, “− ◦
”) as a superscripted
8
Plimsoll line (\barcirc, “−◦ ”), is due to an October 2007 comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau:
\makeatletter
\providecommand\barcirc{\mathpalette\@barred\circ}
\def\@barred#1#2{\ooalign{\hfil$#1-$\hfil\cr\hfil$#1#2$\hfil\cr}}
\newcommand\stst{^{\protect\barcirc}}
\makeatother
7L
AT
EX’s \stackrel command is similar but is limited to placing a symbol above a binary relation.
8 While \barcirc illustrates how to combine symbols using \ooalign, the stmaryrd package’s \minuso command (Table 42 on
page 21) provides a similar glyph (“
”) as a single, indivisible symbol.
91
In the preceding code, note the \ooalign call’s use of \hfil to horizontally center a minus sign (“−”) and
a \circ (“◦”).
As another example of \ooalign, consider the following code (due to Enrico Gregorio in a June 2007 post
to comp.text.tex) that overlaps a \ni (“3”) and two minus signs (“− −”) to produce “3−−”, an obscure variation
on the infrequently used “3” symbol for “such that”discussed on page 90:
\newcommand{\suchthat}{%
\mathrel{\ooalign{$\ni$\cr\kern-1pt$-$\kern-6.5pt$-$}}}
The slashed package, although originally designed for producing Feynman slashed-character notation, in
fact facilitates the production of arbitrary overlapped symbols. The default behavior is to overwrite a given
character with “/”. For example, \slashed{D} produces “D”. / However, the \declareslashed command
provides the flexibility to specify the mathematical context of the composite character (operator, relation,
punctuation, etc., as will be discussed in Section 7.4), the overlapping symbol, horizontal and vertical adjust-
ments in symbol-relative units, and the character to be overlapped. Consider, for example, the symbol for
reduced quadrupole moment (“I”). - This can be declared as follows:
\newcommand{\rqm}{{%
\declareslashed{}{\text{-}}{0.04}{0}{I}\slashed{I}}}
\declareslashed{·}{·}{·}{·}{I} affects the meaning of all subsequent \slashed{I} commands in the same
scope. The preceding definition of \rqm therefore uses an extra set of curly braces to limit that scope to
a single \slashed{I}. In addition, \rqm uses amstext’s \text macro (described on the next page) to make
\declareslashed use a text-mode hyphen (“-”) instead of a math-mode minus sign (“−”) and to ensure that
the hyphen scales properly in size in subscripts and superscripts. See slashed’s documentation (located in
slashed.sty itself) for a detailed usage description of the \slashed and \declareslashed commands.
Somewhat simpler than slashed is the centernot package. centernot provides a single command, \centernot,
which, like \not, puts a slash over the subsequent mathematical symbol. However, instead of putting the slash
at a fixed location, \centernot centers the slash over its argument:
6−→ \not\longrightarrow
vs.
−→
6 \centernot\longrightarrow
\def\topbotatom#1{\hbox{\hbox to 0pt{$#1\bot$\hss}$#1\top$}}
\newcommand*{\topbot}{\mathrel{\mathchoice{\topbotatom\displaystyle}
{\topbotatom\textstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptstyle}
{\topbotatom\scriptscriptstyle}}}
The following is another example that uses \mathchoice to construct symbols in different math modes.
The code defines a principal value integral symbol, which is an integral sign with a line through it.
\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
{\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
\!\int}
92
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}
(The preceding code was taken verbatim from the UK TERX Users’ Group FAQ at http://www.tex.ac.uk/
faq.) R\dashint produces a single-dashed integral sign (“−”), while \ddashint produces a double-dashed R
one (“=”). The \Xint macro Rdefined above can also be usedR to generate a wealthR of new integrals: “”
(\Xint\circlearrowright), “ ” (\Xint\circlearrowleft), “⊂” (\Xint\subset), “∞” (\Xint\infty), and
so forth.
LATEX 2ε provides a simple wrapper for \mathchoice that sometimes helps produce terser symbol def-
initions. The macro is called \mathpalette and it takes two arguments. \mathpalette invokes the first
argument, passing it one of “\displaystyle”, “\textstyle”, “\scriptstyle”, or “\scriptscriptstyle”,
followed by the second argument. \mathpalette is useful when a symbol macro must know which math
style is currently in use (e.g., to set it explicitly within an \mbox). Donald Arseneau posted the following
\mathpalette-based definition of a probabilistic-independence symbol (“⊥ ⊥”) to comp.text.tex in June 2000:
\newcommand\independent{\protect\mathpalette{\protect\independenT}{\perp}}
\def\independenT#1#2{\mathrel{\rlap{$#1#2$}\mkern2mu{#1#2}}}
The \independent macro uses \mathpalette to pass the \independenT helper macro both the current math
style and the \perp symbol. \independenT typesets \perp in the current math style, moves two math units to
the right, and finally typesets a second—overlapping—copy of \perp, again in the current math style. \rlap,
which enables text overlap, is described later on this page.
√
Some people like their square-root signs with a trailing “hook” (i.e., “ ”) as this helps visually distinguish
√ √
expressions like “ 3x ” from those like “ 3x”. In March 2002, Dan Luecking posted a \mathpalette-based
definition of a hooked square-root symbol to comp.text.tex:
\def\hksqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt}
\def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1\sqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0
\advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0
\setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}%
{\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}}
Notice how \DHLhksqrt uses \mathpalette to recover the outer math style (argument #1) from within an
\hbox. The rest of the code is simply using TEX primitives to position a hook of height 0.2 times the \sqrt
height at the right of the \sqrt. See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for more understanding of TEX “boxes” and
“dimens”.
Sometimes, however, amstext’s \text macro is all that is necessary to make composite symbols appear
.”) and \nwsearrow
correctly in subscripts and superscripts, as in the following definitions of \neswarrow (“%
&”):9
(“-
\newcommand{\neswarrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nearrow$\llap{$\swarrow$}}}}
\newcommand{\nwsearrow}{\mathrel{\text{$\nwarrow$\llap{$\searrow$}}}}
\text resembles LATEX’s \mbox command but shrinks its argument appropriately when used within a subscript
or superscript. \llap (“left overlap”) and its counterpart, \rlap (“right overlap”), appear frequently when
creating composite characters. \llap outputs its argument to the left of the current position, overlapping
whatever text is already there. Similarly, \rlap overlaps whatever text would normally appear to the right
of its argument. For example, “A\llap{B}” and “\rlap{A}B” each produce “A B”. However, the result of the
former is the width of “A”, and the result of the latter is the width of “B”—\llap{. . . } and \rlap{. . . } take
up zero space.
In a June 2002 post to comp.text.tex, Donald Arseneau presented a general macro for aligning an arbitrary
number of symbols on their horizontal centers and vertical baselines:
\makeatletter
\def\moverlay{\mathpalette\mov@rlay}
9 Note that if your goal is to typeset commutative diagrams, then you should probably be using XY-pic.
93
\def\mov@rlay#1#2{\leavevmode\vtop{%
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskiplimit-\maxdimen
\ialign{\hfil$#1##$\hfil\cr#2\crcr}}}
\makeatother
The \makeatletter and \makeatother commands are needed to coerce LATEX into accepting “@” as
part of a macro name. \moverlay takes a list of symbols separated by \cr (TEX’s equivalent of
LATEX’s \\). For example, the \topbot command defined on page 92 could have been expressed as
“\moverlay{\top\cr\bot}” and the \neswarrow command defined on the previous page could have been
expressed as “\moverlay{\nearrow\cr\swarrow}”.
The basic concept behind \moverlay’s implementation is that \moverlay typesets the given symbols in a
table that utilizes a zero \baselineskip. This causes every row to be typeset at the same vertical position.
See The TEXbook [Knu86a] for explanations of the TEX primitives used by \moverlay.
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise7\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\p@ is a LATEX 2ε shortcut for “pt” or “1.0pt”. The remaining commands are defined in The
TEXbook [Knu86a]. To draw a version of \ddots with the dots going along the opposite diagonal, we merely
have to reorder the \raise7\p@, \raise4\p@, and \raise\p@:
\makeatletter
\def\revddots{\mathinner{\mkern1mu\raise\p@
\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern2mu
\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern2mu\raise7\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu}}
\makeatother
\revddots is essentially identical to the mathdots package’s \iddots command or the yhmath package’s \adots
command.
94
\makeatletter
\def\equalsfill{$\m@th\mathord=\mkern-7mu
\cleaders\hbox{$\!\mathord=\!$}\hfill
\mkern-7mu\mathord=$}
\makeatother
TEX’s \cleaders and \hfill primitives are the key to understanding \equalsfill’s extensibility. Essen-
tially, \equalsfill repeats a box containing “=” plus some negative space until it fills the maximum avail-
able horizontal space. \equalsfill is intended to be used with LATEX’s \stackrel command, which stacks
one mathematical expression (slightly reduced in size) atop another. Hence, “\stackrel{a}{\rightarrow}”
a definition
produces “→” and “X \stackrel{\text{definition}}{\hbox{\equalsfill}} Y” produces “X ======= Y ”.
If all that needs to extend are horizontal and vertical lines—as opposed to repeated symbols such as the
“=” in the previous example—LATEX’s array or tabular environments may suffice. Consider the following
code (due to a February 1999 comp.text.tex post by Donald Arseneau) for typesetting annuities:
\DeclareRobustCommand{\annu}[1]{_{%
\def\arraystretch{0}%
\setlength\arraycolsep{1pt}% adjust these
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.2pt}% two settings
\begin{array}[b]{@{}c|}\hline
\\[\arraycolsep]%
\scriptstyle #1%
\end{array}%
}}
\makeatletter
\def\overbracket#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underbracket#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upbracketfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\overparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vbox{\ialign{##\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}
\downparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr}}}\limits}
\def\underparenthesis#1{\mathop{\vtop{\ialign{##\crcr
$\hfil\displaystyle{#1}\hfil$\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@\nointerlineskip}
\upparenthfill\crcr\noalign{\kern3\p@}}}}\limits}
\def\downparenthfill{$\m@th\braceld\leaders\vrule\hfill\bracerd$}
\def\upparenthfill{$\m@th\bracelu\leaders\vrule\hfill\braceru$}
\def\upbracketfill{$\m@th\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\def\downbracketfill{$\m@th
\makesm@sh{\llap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}%
\leaders\vrule\@height.7\p@\hfill
\makesm@sh{\rlap{\vrule\@height.7\p@\@depth2.3\p@\@width.7\p@}}$}
\makeatother
Table 283 showcases these accents. The TEXbook [Knu86a] or another book on TEX primitives is indispensible
for understanding how the preceding code works. The basic idea is that \downparenthfill, \upparenthfill,
\downbracketfill, and \upbracketfill do all of the work; they output a left symbol (e.g., \braceld [“z”]
for \downparenthfill), a horizontal rule that stretches as wide as possible, and a right symbol (e.g., \bracerd
[“{”] for \downparenthfill). \overbracket, \underbracket, \overparenthesis, and \underparenthesis
95
merely create a table whose width is determined by the given text, thereby constraining the width of the
horizontal rules.
Note that the simplewick package provides mechanisms for typesetting Wick contractions, which uti-
lize \overbracket- and \underbracket-like brackets of variable width and height (or depth). For ex-
ample, “\acontraction{}{A}{B}{C}\acontraction[2ex]{A}{B}{C}{D}\bcontraction{}{A}{BC}{D}ABCD”
produces
ABCD .
A
10 pt.
vs. A
20 pt.
vs. A
30 pt.
vs. A
40 pt.
vs. A A50 pt.
vs.
60 pt.
vs. A70 pt.
lightbulb.mf, shown in Figure 3, draws a light bulb using the parameters defined in lightbulb10.mf.
Note that the the filenames “lightbulb10.mf” and “lightbulb.mf” do not follow the Berry font-naming
10 I’m not a very good artist; you’ll have to pretend that “A” looks like a light bulb.
96
scheme [Ber01]; the Berry font-naming scheme is largely irrelevant for symbol fonts, which generally lack bold,
italic, small-caps, slanted, and other such variants.
The code in Figures 2 and 3 is heavily commented and should demonstrate some of the basic concepts
behind METAFONT usage: declaring variables, defining points, drawing lines and curves, and preparing to
debug or fine-tune the output. Again, The METAFONTbook [Knu86b] is the definitive reference on META-
FONT programming.
METAFONT can produce “proofs” of fonts—large, labeled versions that showcase the logical structure of
each character. In fact, proof mode is METAFONT’s default mode. To produce a proof of lightbulb10.mf,
issue the following commands at the operating-system prompt:
You can then view lightbulb10.dvi with any DVI viewer. The result is shown in Figure 4. Observe how the
grid defined with makegrid at the bottom of Figure 3 draws vertical lines at positions 0, sb, w/2, and w − sb
and horizontal lines at positions 0, −1pt, y2 , and h. Similarly, observe how the penlabels command labels all
of the important coordinates: z1 , z2 , . . . , z8 and z67 , which lightbulb.mf defines to lie between z6 and z7 .
Most, if not all, TEX distributions include a Plain TEX file called testfont.tex which is useful for testing
new fonts in a variety of ways. One useful routine produces a table of all of the characters in the font:
97
1
4 2
8 5
3
7 67 6
*\bye
[1]
Output written on testfont.dvi (1 page, 1516 bytes).
Transcript written on testfont.log.
The resulting table, stored in testfont.dvi and illustrated in Figure 5, shows every character in the font.
To understand how to read the table, note that the character code for “A”—the only character defined by
lightbulb10.mf—is 41 in hexadecimal (base 16) and 101 in octal (base 8).
´0 ´1 ´2 ´3 ´4 ´5 ´6 ´7
´10x A
˝4x
´11x
˝8 ˝9 ˝A ˝B ˝C ˝D ˝E ˝F
The LightBulb10 font is now usable by TEX. LATEX 2ε , however, needs more information before documents
can use the font. First, we create a font-description file that tells LATEX 2ε how to map fonts in a given font
family and encoding to a particular font in a particular font size. For symbol fonts, this mapping is fairly simple.
Symbol fonts almost always use the “U” (“Unknown”) font encoding and frequently occur in only one variant:
normal weight and non-italicized. The filename for a font-description file important; it must be of the form
“hencodingihfamilyi.fd”, where hencodingi is the lowercase version of the encoding name (typically “u” for
symbol fonts) and hfamilyi is the name of the font family. For LightBulb10, let’s call this “bulb”. Figure 6 lists
the contents of ubulb.fd. The document “LATEX 2ε Font Selection” [LAT00] describes \DeclareFontFamily
and \DeclareFontShape in detail, but the gist of ubulb.fd is first to declare a U-encoded version of the bulb
font family and then to specify that a LATEX 2ε request for a U-encoded version of bulb with a (m)edium font
series (as opposed to, e.g., bold) and a (n)ormal font shape (as opposed to, e.g., italic) should translate into a
TEX request for lightbulb10.tfm mechanically scaled to the current font size.
The final step is to write a LATEX 2ε style file that defines a name for each symbol in the font. Because
we have only one symbol our style file, lightbulb.sty (Figure 7), is rather trivial. Note that instead of
typesetting “A” we could have had \lightbulb typeset “\char65”, “\char"41”, or “\char’101” (respectively,
decimal, hexadecimal, and octal character offsets into the font). For a simple, one-character symbol font
98
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{bulb}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{bulb}{m}{n}{<-> lightbulb10}{}
such as LightBulb10 it would be reasonable to merge ubulb.fd into lightbulb.sty instead of maintaining
two separate files. In either case, a document need only include “\usepackage{lightbulb}” to make the
\lightbulb symbol available.
\newcommand{\lightbulb}{{\usefont{U}{bulb}{m}{n}A}}
METAFONT normally produces bitmapped fonts. However, it is also possible, with the help of some
external tools, to produce PostScript Type 1 fonts. These have the advantages of rendering better in Adobe®
Acrobat® (at least in versions prior to 6.0) and of being more memory-efficient when handled by a PostScript
interpreter. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=textrace for pointers to tools that can
produce Type 1 fonts from METAFONT.
99
Table 285: Defining new log-like symbols
Declaration function $\newlogsym {p \in P}$ \[ \newlogsym {p \in P} \]
\DeclareMathOperator newlogsymp∈P newlogsymp∈P
\DeclareMathOperator* newlogsymp∈P newlogsym
p∈P
It is common to use a thin space (\,) between the words of a multiword operators, as in
“\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmax}{arg\,max}”. \liminf, \limsup, and all of the log-like symbols shown
in Table 121 utilize this spacing convention.
– Specify a document font encoding other than OT1 (as described on page 7).
– Use the appropriate symbol commands from Table 2 on page 8, viz. \textless, \textgreater,
and \textbar.
– Enter the symbols in math mode instead of text mode, i.e., $<$, $>$, and $|$.
12 Donald Knuth didn’t think such symbols were important outside of mathematics so he omitted them from his text fonts.
100
Table 287: LATEX 2ε ASCII Table
Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt Dec Hex Char Body text \texttt
33 21 ! ! ! 62 3E > \textgreater >
34 22 " \textquotedbl " 63 3F ? ? ?
35 23 # \# \# 64 40 @ @ @
36 24 $ \$ \$ 65 41 A A A
37 25 % \% \% 66 42 B B B
38 26 & \& \& 67 43 C C C
.. .. .. .. ..
39 27 ’ ’ ’ . . . . .
40 28 ( ( ( 90 5A Z Z Z
41 29 ) ) ) 91 5B [ [ [
42 2A * * * 92 5C \ \textbackslash \char‘\\
43 2B + + + 93 5D ] ] ]
44 2C , , , 94 5E ˆ \^{} \^{}
45 2D - - - 95 5F \_ \char‘\_
46 2E . . . 96 60 ‘ ‘ ‘
47 2F / / / 97 61 a a a
48 30 0 0 0 98 62 b b b
49 31 1 1 1 99 63 c c c
.. .. .. .. ..
50 32 2 2 2 . . . . .
.. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . 122 7A z z z
57 39 9 9 9 123 7B { \{ \char‘\{
58 3A : : : 124 7C | \textbar |
59 3B ; ; ; 125 7D } \} \char‘\}
60 3C < \textless < 126 7E ˜ \~{} \~{}
61 3D = = =
Note that for typesetting metavariables many people prefer \textlangle and \textrangle to \textless
and \textgreater, i.e., “hfilenamei” instead of “<filename>”.
• Although “/” does not require any special treatment, LATEX additionally defines a \slash command
which outputs the same glyph but permits a line break afterwards. That is, “increase/decrease” is
always typeset as a single entity while “increase\slash{}decrease” may be typeset with “increase/”
on one line and “decrease” on the next.
• \textasciicircum can be used instead of \^{}, and \textasciitilde can be used instead of \~{}.
Note that \textasciitilde and \~{} produce raised, diacritic tildes. “Text” (i.e., vertically centered)
tildes can be generated with either the math-mode \sim command (shown in Table 62 on page 30),
which produces a somewhat wide “∼”, or the textcomp package’s \texttildelow (shown in Table 36
on page 19), which produces a vertically centered “~” in most fonts but a baseline-oriented “~” in
Computer Modern, txfonts, pxfonts, and various other fonts originating from the TEX world. If your
goal is to typeset tildes in URLs or Unix filenames, your best bet is to use the url package, which has a
number of nice features such as proper line-breaking of such names.
• The various \char commands within \texttt are necessary only in the OT1 font encoding. In other
encodings (e.g., T1), commands such as \{, \}, \_, and \textbackslash all work properly.
• The code page 437 (IBM PC) version of ASCII characters 1 to 31 can be typeset using the ascii package.
See Table 209 on page 69.
• To replace “‘” and “’” with the more computer-like (and more visibly distinct) “`” and “'” within
a verbatim environment, use the upquote package. Outside of verbatim, you can use \char18 and
\char13 to get the modified quote characters. (The former is actually a grave accent.)
Similar to Table 287, Table 288 on the next page is an amalgamation of data from other tables in this
document. While Table 287 shows how to typeset the 7-bit ASCII character set, Table 288 shows the Latin 1
(Western European) character set, also known as ISO-8859-1.
101
Table 288: LATEX 2ε Latin 1 Table
102
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 288:
• A “(tc)” after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access that symbol.
A “(T1)” means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can change the
font encoding document-wide.
• Many of the \text. . . accents can also be produced using the accent commands shown in Table 18 on
page 13 plus an empty argument. For instance, \={} is essentially the same as \textasciimacron.
• The commands in the “LATEX 2ε ” columns work both in body text and within a \texttt{. . .} command
(or, more generally, when \ttfamily is in effect).
• The “£” and “$” glyphs occupy the same slot (36) of the OT1 font encoding, with “£” appearing in italic
fonts and “$” appearing in roman fonts. A problem with LATEX’s default handling of this double-mapping
is that “{\sffamily\slshape\pounds}” produces “$”, not “£”. Other font encodings use separate slots
for the two characters and are therefore robust to the problem of “£”/”$” conflicts. Authors who use
\pounds should select a font encoding other than OT1 (as explained on page 7) or use the textcomp
package, which redefines \pounds to use the TS1 font encoding.
• Character 173, \-, is shown as “-” but is actually a discretionary hyphen; it appears only at the end of
a line.
Microsoft® Windows® normally uses a superset of Latin 1 called “Code Page 1252” or “CP1252” for
short. CP1252 introduces symbols in the Latin 1 “invalid” range (characters 128–159). Table 289 presents the
characters with which CP1252 augments the standard Latin 1 table.
The following are some additional notes about the contents of Table 289:
• As in Table 288, a “(tc)” after a symbol name means that the textcomp package must be loaded to access
that symbol. A “(T1)” means that the symbol requires the T1 font encoding. The fontenc package can
change the font encoding document-wide.
• Not all characters in the 128–159 range are defined.
• Look up “euro signs” in the index for alternatives to \texteuro.
While too large to incorporate into this document, a listing of ISO 8879:1986 SGML/XML character entities
and their LATEX equivalents is available from http://www.bitjungle.com/~isoent/. Some of the characters
presented there make use of isoent, a LATEX 2ε package (available from the same URL) that fakes some of the
missing ISO glyphs using the LATEX picture environment.13
13 isoent is not featured in this document, because it is not available from CTAN and because the faked symbols are not “true”
characters; they exist in only one size, regardless of the body text’s font size.
103
7.7 About this document
History David Carlisle wrote the first version of this document in October, 1994. It originally contained all
of the native LATEX symbols (Tables 40, 52, 62, 95, 120, 122, 141, 142, 152, 157, 184, and a few tables that have
since been reorganized) and was designed to be nearly identical to the tables in Chapter 3 of Leslie Lamport’s
book [Lam86]. Even the table captions and the order of the symbols within each table matched! The AMS
symbols (Tables 41, 63, 64, 98, 99, 123, 127, 137, and 185) and an initial Math Alphabets table (Table 196)
were added thereafter. Later, Alexander Holt provided the stmaryrd tables (Tables 42, 54, 65, 101, 117, and
138).
In January, 2001, Scott Pakin took responsibility for maintaining the symbol list and has since implemented
a complete overhaul of the document. The result, now called, “The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List”,
includes the following new features:
• the addition of a handful of new math alphabets, dozens of new font tables, and thousands of new
symbols
• the categorization of the symbol tables into body-text symbols, mathematical symbols, science and
technology symbols, dingbats, and other symbols, to provide a more user-friendly document structure
• an index, table of contents, and a frequently-requested symbol list, to help users quickly locate symbols
Furthermore, the internal structure of the document has been completely altered from David’s original version.
Most of the changes are geared towards making the document easier to extend, modify, and reformat.
Build characteristics Table 290 lists some of this document’s build characteristics. Most important is
the list of packages that LATEX couldn’t find, but that symbols.tex otherwise would have been able to take
advantage of. Complete, prebuilt versions of this document are available from CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/
or one of its many mirror sites) in the directory tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive. Table 291
shows the package date (specified in the .sty file with \ProvidesPackage) for each package that was used to
build this document and that specifies a package date. Packages are not listed in any particular order in either
Table 290 or 291.
104
Table 291: Package versions used in the preparation of this document
Name Date
textcomp 2005/09/27
latexsym 1998/08/17
amssymb 2002/01/22
stmaryrd 1994/03/03
euscript 2001/10/01
wasysym 2003/10/30
pifont 2005/04/12
manfnt 1999/07/01
bbding 1996/06/21
undertilde 2000/08/08
ifsym 2000/04/18
tipa 2002/08/08
tipx 2003/01/01
wsuipa 1994/07/16
metre 2001/12/05
txfonts 2005/01/03
mathabx 2003/07/29
skak 2003/09/27
ascii 2006/05/30
dingbat 2001/04/27
skull 2002/01/23
eurosym 1998/08/06
yfonts 2003/01/08
mathdots 2006/03/16
trsym 2000/06/25
universa 98/08/01
upgreek 2003/02/12
chemarr 2006/02/20
mathtools 2004/10/10
phaistos 2004/04/23
arcs 2004/05/09
t4phonet 2004/06/01
semtrans 1998/02/10
dictsym 2004/07/26
extarrows 2002/03/30
protosem 2005/03/18
harmony 2007/05/03
hieroglf 2000/09/23
cclicenses 2005/05/20
arev 2005/06/14
MnSymbol 2007/01/21
extpfeil 2006/07/27
keystroke 2003/08/15
fge 2007/06/03
turnstile 2007/06/23
epsdice 2001/02/15
feyn 2002/04/23
universal 97/12/24
accents 2006/05/12
nicefrac 1998/08/04
bm 2004/02/26
calligra 1996/07/18
105
7.8 Copyright and license
This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the LATEX Project Public License, either
version 1.3c of this license or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this license is in
http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LATEX version 2006/05/20 or later.
This work has the LPPL maintenance status “maintained”.
The current maintainer of this work is Scott Pakin.
References
[AMS99] American Mathematical Society. User’s Guide for the amsmath Package (Version 2.0), December 13,
1999. Available from ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf.
[Ber01] Karl Berry. Fontname: Filenames for TEX fonts, June 2001. Available from http://www.ctan.org/
tex-archive/info/fontname.
[Che97] Raymond Chen. A METAFONT of ‘Simpsons’ characters. Baskerville, 4(4):19, September
1997. ISSN 1354-5930. Available from http://tug.ctan.org/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/4 4/
bask4 4.ps.
[Dow00] Michael Downes. Short math guide for LATEX, July 19, 2000. Version 1.07. Available from http://
www.ams.org/tex/short-math-guide.html.
[Gib97] Jeremy Gibbons. Hey—it works! TUGboat, 18(2):75–78, June 1997. Available from http://
www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb18-2/tb55works.pdf.
[Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, volume A of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
MA, USA, 1986.
[Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. The METAFONTbook, volume C of Computers and Typesetting. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[Lam86] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A document preparation system. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
[LAT98] LATEX3 Project Team. A new math accent. LATEX News. Issue 9, June 1998. Available from
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/ltnews09.pdf (also included in many TEX
distributions).
[LAT00] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε font selection, January 30, 2000. Available from http://
www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.ps (also included in many TEX distri-
butions).
106
Index
If you’re having trouble locating a symbol, try looking under “T” for “\text. . .”. Many text-mode commands begin
with that prefix. Also, accents are shown over/under a gray box, e.g., “ á ” for “\’”.
Some symbol entries appear to be listed repeatedly. This happens when multiple packages define identical (or nearly
identical) glyphs with the same symbol name.14
107
\Ankh (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 arrows . . . 41–43, 47, 69, 71, 90 \Avav (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\annu ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 diagonal, for reducing subex- average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
annuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 pressions . . . . . . . . . . 57 \Ayn (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\Antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 82 double-headed, diagonal 93 \Ayod (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\antidiple (<) . . . . . . . . . . 82 extensible . . . . . . . 57–60 \Azayin (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\Antidiple* (< · ) . . . . . . . . . 82 fletched . . . . . . . . . 47, 71
·
\antidiple* (< · ) . . . . . . . . . 82
· negated . . . . . . . 41, 42, 44 B
\B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 9
w
\Antisigma (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Arrowvert (w) . . . . . . . . . 53
X
X
\antisigma (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . 82 X
X
\B ( ´) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
˘ . . . 82
\Arrowvert ( X
XX) . . . . . . . . . 54
\Anun (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 b (esvect package option) . . . 59
\Ape (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \arrowvert () . . . . . . . . . . 53 \b (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
RR ¯
APL RR \b ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\arrowvert ( RRR) . . . . . . . . . . 54
modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . 68
˘
\babygamma (!) . . . . . . . . . . 11
symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Arseneau, Donald . . . 91, 93–95 \backapprox () . . . . . . . . . 32
\APLbox (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \Asade (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \backapproxeq () . . . . . . . 32
\APLcirc (◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \Asamekh (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \backcong (≌) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\APLcomment () . . . . . . . . . 68 ASCII . . . 7, 9, 69, 100–101, 104 \backepsilon () . . . . . . . . 30
\APLdown (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 \backeqsim () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\APLdownarrowbox (o) . . . . 68 ascii (package) 69, 101, 104, 105 \backneg (⌐) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\APLinput (}) . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ascnode () . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \backprime (8) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\APLinv (÷ ~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \Ashin (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \backprime (‵) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\APLleftarrowbox (p) . . . . 68 aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \backsim (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\APLlog () . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ast () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \backsim (∽) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\APLminus (−) . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ast (∗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \backsimeq (w) . . . . . . . . . 30
\APLnot (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ast (∗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \backsimeq (⋍) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\APLrightarrowbox (q) . . . . 68 \Asteriscus ( × ····) . . . . . . . . 82 \backslash (\) . . . . . . . 53, 62
\APLstar (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \asteriscus (× ····) . . . . . . . . . 82
\Asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\backslash (/) . . . . . . . . . 54
N
\APLup ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\APLuparrowbox (n) . . . . . . 68 \Asterisk ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 74 \backslashdiv () . . . . . . . 23
\APLvert ( | ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \asterisk () . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \backtriplesim () . . . . . . . 32
\apprge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \AsteriskBold ( A) . . . . . . . 74 banana brackets . . . . . . . . . . .
\AsteriskCenterOpen (B) . . 74
\apprle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . see \llparenthesis and
\AsteriskRoundedEnds (X) . 74
\approx (≈) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \rrparenthesis
\approx (≈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \bar (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
asterisks . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 74 \barb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\AsteriskThin (C) . . . . . . . 74
\approxeq (u) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\barcirc (− ◦ ) . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\AsteriskThinCenterOpen (D)
\approxeq (≊) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Aqoph (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \bard () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\Aquarius (ê) . . . . . . . . . . 68 . . . . . . . . . 74 \bari (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\barin (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
A
\aquarius (e) . . . . . . . . . . 68 \asterism (** *) . . . . . . . . . . 91
\AR ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 astrological symbols . . . . . . . 68 \barj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ar (package) . . . . . . . . 67, 104 astronomical symbols . . . . . . 68 \barl (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
arc . . . . . . . . . . . . see accents \astrosun () . . . . . . . . . . 68 \barlambda () . . . . . . . . . . 12
\arccos (arccos) . . . . . . . . . 49 \asymp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \barleftharpoon (Þ) . . . . . 43
arcminutes . . . . . . . see \prime \asymp (≍) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \baro () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
arcs (package) . . . . 16, 104, 105 \atan (atan) . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 \baro ( vs. <) . . . . . . . . . . 88
arcseconds . . . . . . . see \second \ataribox (m) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \baro (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\arcsin (arcsin) . . . . . . . . . 49 \Atav (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \barp (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\arctan (arctan) . . . . . . . . . 49 barred letters . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\barrightharpoon (ß) . . . . 43
\Ateth (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\Aresh (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \AtForty (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . 80
arev (package) . 64, 78, 104, 105 \AtNinetyFive (Ó) . . . . . . 80 \barsci (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\arg (arg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 atomic math objects . . 49, 100 \barscu (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Aries (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \AtSixty (Õ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
DGGGGG)
\Aries (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\aries () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \autoleftarrow ( . . . 60 \Bart ( ) . . . . . . . . . 85
\ArrowBoldDownRight ( ) . 71y \baru (T) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 12
{ \barwedge (X)
\autoleftrightharpoons
\ArrowBoldRightCircled ( ) 71 EGGGGG
GGGGGC) .. . . . . . . . . 22
z
\ArrowBoldRightShort ( ) . . 71
( . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \barwedge (Z) . .. . . . . . . . . 21
.. . . . . . . . . 80
x
\bauarrow ( ) .. . . . . . . . . 71
\ArrowBoldUpRight ( ) . . . 71 \baucircle ( ) .. . . . . . . . . 76
\autorightleftharpoons
GGGGGB)
FGGGGG
\Arrownot (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \baucircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76
\arrownot (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 ( . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \baucross ( ) .. . . . . . . . . 73
108
\baudash ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \betaup (β) . . . . . . . . . . ... 50
\BigHBar ( ) . . g. . . . . . . . . 75
\baueclipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 \beth (i) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 50 \biginterleave ( ) . . . . . . 25
\bauequal ( ) . . . . .
\bauface ( ) . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
80
80
\beth (ℶ) . . . .
\betteris (b)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
50
82
_
\BigLowerDiamond ( ) . . . . 75
\bignplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bauforms ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \between ( ) . . . . . . . . . ... 31 \bigoast (⊛) . Æ.......... 29
\bauforms (
) . . . . . . . . . 80
\between (G) . . . . . . . . . ... 30 \bigoasterisk ( Î ) ....... 26
\bauhead ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\between ()
\bibridge (a
” .
”) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
32
15
\bigobackslash ( ) . . . . . .
(⦸) . . . . . .
26
29
\bigobackslash
Ë
\bauhead ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \Bicycle (®) . . . . . . . . ... 76 \bigobot ( Å) ........... 26
\bauhole ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \Big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 89 \bigocirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bauplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 89 \bigocirc (⊚) . .Ç ........ 29
\baupunct ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \bigast () . . . . . . . . . ... 22 \bigocoasterisk ( ) ..... 26
\bauquarter ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80
(!) . . . . . . . .
Ã
\bigodiv (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bauquestion ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\bigbosonloop 70
\bigodot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
e
\bigbox ( ) . . . .Ö ........ 25
\bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \bigodot (⊙) ........... 29
\bigboxasterisk ( Þ ) ..... 26 È
\bausquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 \bigoleft ( Á) .......... 26
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\bigboxbackslash
Û
( ) .... 26
\bigominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26
\bautriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\bigboxbot ( Õ ) ......... 26
(⊖) . . . . . . . . .
\bigominus L 29
\bauwhitearrow ( ) . . . . . . 71
\bigboxcirc ( ) . .× ...... 26
\bigoplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25
\bauwindow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\bigboxcoasterisk
Ó
( ) ...
\bigboxdiv (Ô) . . . . . . . . .
26
26
\bigoplus (⊕)
É
.......... 29
\BB ( ´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \bigoright (Í) . . . . . . . . . 26
˘˘
\Bb ( ´ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\bigboxdot ( Ø ) ......... 26
\bigoslash ( ) . . . . . . . . . 26
˘˘
\bB ( ´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\bigboxleft ( Ñ ) ........ 26
\bigoslash (⊘) . . . . . . . . . 29
˘˘ \bigboxminus Ð ( ) ....... 26
\bigostar (⍟)
\bb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
˘˘ \bigboxplus ( Ù ) ........ 26 N .......... 29
\bba ( ˘×˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \bigotimes ( ) . . . . . . . . . 25
\bigboxright (Ý) . . . . . . . 26
\bbalpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \bigotimesÊ(⊗) . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigboxslash (Ò) . . . . . . . 26
\bbar (b̄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \bigotop ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigboxtimesÚ( ) . . . . . . . 26
\bbb ( ˘˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \bigotriangle (F)Ï. . . . . . . 29
˘
\bbbeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\bigboxtop ( ) . . .ß ...... 26
\bigotriangleup ( ) . . . . . 26
\bigboxtriangleupÜ
( ) ... 26
\Bbbk (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \bigovert (⦶)
Ì
.......... 29
\bigboxvoid ( ) . . . ..... 26
bbding (package) . 71–75, 77, 88, T \bigovoid ( ) f . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
104, 105
\bigcap (⋂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ˙ ( ) ........
\bigparallel 25
\bbdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \bigparr () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\bigcapdot (⩀) . . . . . . . . . . 29
\bbetter (g) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \bigplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\bigcapplus ($) . . . . . . . . . 29
\bbeuro (û) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \bigplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
/
\bigcirc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\bbfinalnun (Ï) . . . . . . . . . 65 \BigRightDiamond ( ) .... 75
\bigcirc (◯) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\bbgamma (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
bbgreekl (mathbbol package op- %
\BigCircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 75 \bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\bigsqcap ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
26
25
\bigcircle (◯) . . . . . . . . . 29
\bigcoast () . . .. . . . . . .
tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \bigsqcap (⊓) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\BBm ( ´ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 22
\Bbm ( ¯
˘¯˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \bigcomplementop ( ) . . . . . 26 \bigsqcapdot (,) . . . . . . . .
29
˘
\bBm ( ¯
¯´˘
¯˘¯˘´
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\BigCrossS( ) . . . . . . . . . . 75
\bigsqcapplus ( ) . . . . . . . 27
109
!
\BigTriangleUp (a ) . . . . . . 75 \boldsymbol . . . . . . . . . . . 100 brackets . . . . . . . see delimiters
\bigtriangleup ( ) . .a. . . . 25 born . . . . . . . . . see \textborn braket (package) . . . . . . . . . 53
\bigtriangleup (4 vs. ) . 88 bosons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \Break ( Break ) . . . . . . . . . 69
\bigtriangleup (4) . . . . . . 20 \bot (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 51, 92 breve . . . . . . . . . . see accents
\bot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\bigtriangleup U (△) . . . . . . 40 \breve (˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\biguplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 \botdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \breve (ă) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\biguplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \Bouquet (¥) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \brokenvert (|) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\bigvarstar () . . . . . . . . . 22 \Bowtie (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Bronger, Torsten . . . . . . . . . 92
\BigVBar W
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 75 \bowtie (./) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\bowtie (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\BS (␈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\bigvee ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \BSEfree (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\Box () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \BSpace ( →−7 ) . . . . . . . . . 69
\bigvee (⋁) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\Box (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\bigveedot V (
) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \bullet (•) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Box (◻) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\bigwedge ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25 \bullet (●) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\boxast (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\boxasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . 24
\bigwedge (⋀) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 bullseye . . . see \textbullseye
\Bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
˘ () . . . . . . . . 29 \boxbackslash (n) . . . . . . . 24
\bigwedgedot
\bigwith ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \bumpedeq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\boxbackslash (⧅) . . . . . . . 24
\binampersand (N) . . . . . . . 21 \Bumpeq (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\boxbar (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\boxbot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
binary operators . . . . . . 20–24 \Bumpeq (≎) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
binary relations . . 30–32, 34–39, \bumpeq (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\boxbox () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
47, 48 \bumpeq (≏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\boxbox (⧈) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
negated . . . . . . . . . 30–33 \bupperhand (e) . . . . . . . . . 82
\boxbslash (j) . . . . . . . . . . 21
\bindnasrepma (O) . . . . . . . 21 \boxcirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
)
\Biohazard (h) . . . . . . . . . 70 \boxcircle () . . . . . . . . . . 21
biological symbols . . . . . . . . 70 \boxcoasterisk (g) . . . . . . 24 \Burns ( . . . . . . . . 85
bishop . . . . . . see chess symbols \boxdiv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\bishoppair (a) . . . . . . . . . 82 \boxdot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 C
blackboard bold see alphabets, \boxdot ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \C ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
math c (esvect package option) . . . 59
\blackdiamond () . . . . . . . 22
\boxdot (⊡) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\boxdotLeft () . . . . . . . . 42 \c (a̧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 102
\blacklozenge () . . . . . . . 63 \boxdotleft () . . . . . . . . 42 \c ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\blacklozenge (⧫) . . . . . . . 74 \boxdotRight () . . . . . . . 42 calligra (package) . . 65, 104, 105
\blacksmiley (-) . . . . . . . . 78 \boxdotright () . . . . . . . 42 Calligra (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\blacksquare () . . . . . . . . 63 \boxempty () . . . . . . . . . . 21 calrsfs (package) . . . . . . . . . 65
\blacksquare (∎) . . . . . . . . 24 \boxLeft () . . . . . . . . . . 42 \CAN (␘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\blackstone . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \boxleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 cancel (package) . . . . . . . . . 57
\blacktriangle (N) . . . . . . 63 \boxleft () . . . . . . . . . . 42 \Cancer (ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\blacktriangle (▲) . . . . . . 40 \boxminus (a) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \cancer (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\blacktriangledown () . . . 24 \boxminus () . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Cap (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\blacktriangledown (H) . . . 63 \boxminus (⊟) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \Cap (⋒) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\blacktriangledown (▼) . . . 40 \boxplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \cap (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\blacktriangleleft () . . . 24 \boxplus () . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \cap (∩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\blacktriangleleft (J) . . . 39 \boxplus (⊞) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \cap (∩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\blacktriangleleft (◀) . . . 40 \boxRight () . . . . . . . . . 42 \capdot (⩀) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\blacktriangleright () . . 24 \boxright (i) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \capplus (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\blacktriangleright (I) . . 39 \boxright () . . . . . . . . . 42 \Capricorn (é) . . . . . . . . . . 68
\blacktriangleright (▶) . . 40 \boxslash (m) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \capricornus (d) . . . . . . . . 68
\blacktriangleup () . . . . . 24 \boxslash (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 21 card suits . . . . . . . . . 62–64, 77
blank . . . . . . . see \textblank \boxslash (⧄) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 cardinality . . . . . . . see \aleph
\Bleech (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \boxtimes (b) . . . . . . . . . . 24 care of (c/o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\blitza ( ) . . . . . . . . . 20, 48 \boxtimes () . . . . . . . . . . 21 caret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \^
110
\cc (
CC ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \circlearrowright () . . . 41 cmll (package) 20, 23, 30, 36, 104
\cc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \circlearrowright (↻) . . . 44 \coAsterisk () . . . . . . . . . 22
\ccby (
BY: ) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 circled numbers . . . . . . . 73, 76 \coasterisk () . . . . . . . . . 22
\Ccc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \CircledA (ª) . . . . . . . . . . 80 code page 1252 . . . . . . . . . 103
cclicenses (package) 18, 104, 105 \circledast (~) . . . . . . . . . 21 table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\ccnc (
$ ) . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \circledast (⊛) . . . . . . . . . 24 code page 437 . . . . . . . 69, 101
\
!
\Circpipe (›) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \complement (∁) . . . . . . . . . 29
\Checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 73 \circplus () . . . . . . . . . . 22 complex numbers (C) . . . . see
\checkmark (X) . . . . . . . . . . 8 \Circsteel (•) . . . . . . . . . 70 alphabets, math
D
\checkmark (✓) . . . . . . . . . 63 circumflex . . . . . . . see accents Comprehensive TEX Archive Net-
\circumflexus (ã) . . . . . . . 16
D
\checkmark (X vs. ) . . . . . 88 work 1, 7, 57, 66, 87, 103,
\checkmark ( ) . . . . . . . . . 77 \CleaningA («) . . . . . . . . . . 80 104
"
\CheckmarkBold ( ) . . . . . . 73
\CleaningF (¾) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\CleaningFF (¿) . . . . . . . . . 80
computer hardware symbols . 69
computer keys . . . . . . . . . . . 69
chemarr (package) . 59, 104, 105
\CleaningP (¬) . . . . . . . . . . 80 Computer Modern (font) 87, 89,
chemarrow (package) 47, 60, 104
A
\chemarrow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 47
\CleaningPP () . . . . . . . . . 80
\clickb (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
101
\ComputerMouse (Í) . . . . . . . 69
Chen, Raymond . . . . . . . . 106
\clickc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \cong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
chess symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\clickt (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \cong (≅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\chi (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\clock () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 conjunction . . . . . . . see \wedge
\chiup (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
clock symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \conjunction (V) . . . . . . . . 68
\circ (◦) . . . . . . . . . 20, 64, 92
\Clocklogo (U) . . . . . . . . . . 76 consequence relations . . . . . . 34
\circ (○) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\circeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\closedcurlyvee (¾) . . . . . . 23 contradiction symbols . . 20, 48
\closedcurlywedge (¼) . . . . 23 control characters . . . . . . . . 69
` (
) . . . . . . . . 22
\circeq ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\closedequal (Ü) . . . . . . . . 32 \convolution
\circeq (≗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\closedniomega (?) . . . . . . 12 \coprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . 20, 25
\CIRCLE ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5
\Circle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\closedprec (½) . . . . . . . . . 32
\closedrevepsilon () . . . . 12
\coprod (∐) . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5
copyright . . . . . . . . . 8, 18, 102
\Circle (# vs. ) . . . . . . . 88 \closedsucc (») . . . . . . . . . 32
\copyright (©) . . . . . . . . . . 8
\Circle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \Cloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \corner (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\circlearrowleft (ö) . . . . 42 clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \Corresponds (=) . . . . . . . . 64
\circlearrowleft ( ) . . . . 41 clubs (suit) . . . . . . . . 62–64, 77 \corresponds () . . . . . . . . 31
\circlearrowleft (↺) . . . . 44 \clubsuit (♣) . . . . . . . . . . 62 \cos (cos) . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 99
\circlearrowright (÷) . . . . 42 \clubsuit (♣) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \cosh (cosh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
111
\cot (cot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \curlywedgedownarrow (') . 21 \DavidStar ( ) .0 .... . . . . 74
\coth (coth) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\counterplay (V) . . . . . . . . 82
\curlywedgeuparrow (&) . . . 21
\curlyyogh (a) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\DavidStarSolid ( /) . . . . . 74
\dbar (¯
d) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 91
Courier (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \curlyz (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \dbend () . . . . .... . . . . 76
CP1252 . . . . see code page 1252 \currency (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 dblaccnt (package) .... . . . . 94
CP437 . . . . . see code page 437 currency symbols . . . . . . 17, 65 \dblcolon (::) . . . .... . . . . 34
\CR (␍) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \curvearrowbotleft (ó) . . 42 \DCa (␑) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 69
\cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \curvearrowbotleftright (õ) \DCb (␒) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 69
Creative Commons licenses . 18 . . . . . . . . . 42 \DCc (␓) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 69
crescent (fge package option) 56 \curvearrowbotright (ô) . . 42 \DCd (␔) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 69
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 \curvearrowdownup (Ë) . . . . 43 \DD (DD) . . . . . . . .... . . . . 79
*
\Cross († vs. vs. ) . . . . . 88 \curvearrowleft (ð) . . . . . 42 \ddag (‡) . . . . . . .... . 8, 103
*
\Cross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\curvearrowleft (x) . . . . . 41
\curvearrowleft (↶) . . . . . 44
\ddagger (‡)R . . . .
\ddashint (= ) . . .
....
....
.
.
.
.
. . 20
. . 93
\curvearrowleftright (ò) . 42
\Cross (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 ....
\crossb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \ddddot ( ) . . . . .... . . . . 56
- \curvearrowleftright (È) . 43 ...
\dddot ( ) . . . . . .... . . . . 56
\CrossBoldOutline ( ) . . . . 72
4
\curvearrownesw (Ì) . . . . . 43
\CrossClowerTips ( ) . . . . 72 \dddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34
\curvearrownwse (Í) . . . . . 43
\crossd (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \curvearrowright (ñ) . . . . 42 \DDohne (DD/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\Crossedbox (X) . . . . . . . . . 76 \curvearrowright (y) . . . . 41 \ddot (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
crosses . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 76, 80 \curvearrowright (↷) . . . . 44 \ddotdot () . . . . . . . . . 23, 61
\crossh (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .
.
\curvearrowrightleft (Ê) . 43
\ddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . 61, 94
\CrossMaltese ( ) . . . . . . . 72 \curvearrowsenw (Ï) . . . . . 43
\ddots (⋱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\crossnilambda (3) . . . . . . 12 \curvearrowswne (Î) . . . . . 43
+
\CrossOpenShadow ( ) . . . . . 72 \curvearrowupdown (É) . . . . 43 \ddststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34
,
\CrossOutline ( ) . . . . . . . 72
\Cutleft (s) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Cutline (r) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\ddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 34
crotchet . . see musical symbols \ddttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 34
Ŕ cutoff subtraction . see \dotdiv
\crtilde (ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \DeclareFontFamily . . . . . . 98
\Cutright (q) . . . . . . . . . . 71
crucifixes . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 80 \DeclareFontShape . . . . . . . 98
\Crux (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \DeclareMathOperator . . . . 99
D
\crux (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \DeclareMathOperator* . . . 99
\D (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\csc (csc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 ¨ \declareslashed . . . . . . . . 92
d (esvect package option) . . . 59
CTAN see Comprehensive TEX definite-description operator ( ) ι
\d (a.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Archive Network . . . . . . . . . 90
\dag (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 103
\Ctrl ( Ctrl ) . . . . . . . . . . . 69 definition symbols . . . . . 20, 95
\dagger (†) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90 \deg (deg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\daleth (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
cube root . . . . . . . . see \sqrt \degree (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\daleth (ℸ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Cup (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \degree (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
dangerous bend symbols . . . 76
\Cup (⋓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 degrees . . . . . see \textdegree
\DArrow ( ↓ ) . . . . . . . . . . 69
\cup (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \DEL (␡) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\cup (∪) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 91, 99 \dasharrow . . . . . . . . . . . . see \Del ( Del ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\cup (∪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dashrightarrow
\Deleatur . . . . . see \Denarius
\cupdot (⊍) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dasheddownarrow (⇣) . . . . . 43
delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . 52–56
\cupplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dashedleftarrow (⇠) . . . . 43
text-mode . . . . . . . . . . 56
\curlyc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \dashednearrow (d) . . . . . . 43
variable-sized . . . . . 53–55
\curlyeqprec (¶) . . . . . . . . 31 \dashednwarrow (e) . . . . . . 43
wavy-line . . . . . . . . 54, 55
\curlyeqprec (2) . . . . . . . . 30 \dashedrightarrow (⇢) . . . . 43
\Delta (∆) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\curlyeqprec (⋞) . . . . . . . . 32 \dashedsearrow (g) . . . . . . 43
\delta (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\curlyeqsucc (·) . . . . . . . . 31 \dashedswarrow (f) . . . . . . 43
\deltaup (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\curlyeqsucc (3) . . . . . . . . 30 \dasheduparrow (⇡) . . . . . . . 43
R demisemiquaver . . . see musical
\curlyeqsucc (⋟) . . . . . . . . 32 \dashint (− ) . . . . . . . . . . . 93 symbols
\curlyesh (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \dashleftarrow (c) . . . . . . 41 \Denarius (¢) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\curlyvee (O) . . . . . . . . . . 22 \dashleftarrow (⇠) . . . . . . 44 \dental (ag ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\curlyvee (g) . . . . . . . . . . 21 \dashleftrightarrow (e) . . 42 derivitive, partial . see \partial
\curlyvee (⋎) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \dashrightarrow (d) . . . . . 41 \descnode () . . . . . . . . . . 68
\curlyveedot (5) . . . . . . . . 23 \dashrightarrow (⇢) . . . . . 44 \det (det) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\curlyveedownarrow (.) . . . 21 \DashV ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \devadvantage (t) . . . . . . . 82
\curlyveeuparrow (/) . . . . . 21 \Dashv ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \Dfourier (
.... c) . . . . . . . . 35
\curlywedge (N) . . . . . . . . . 22 \dashv (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\dfourier ( c ...
) . . . . . . . . 35
\curlywedge (f) . . . . . . . . . 21 \dashv (⊣) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\curlywedge (⋏) . . . . . . . . . 23 \dashVv (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \DFT ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\curlywedgedot (4) . . . . . . 23 \davidsstar (C) . . . . . . . . . 73 \dft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
112
\DH (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 102 old-style . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 \dotmedvert () . . . . . . . . . 23
\DH (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 segmented . . . . . . . . . . 67 \dotminus () . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\dh (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 102 \dim (dim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \dotplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\dh (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \ding . . . . . . . . . . 9, 71–75, 77 \dotplus (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
diacritics . . . . . . . . see accents dingautolist . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \dots (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 8, 103
\diaeresis (ä) . . . . . . . . . . 16 dingbat (package) 72, 77, 88, 104, dots (ellipses) . . . . 8, 61, 62, 94
diæresis . . . . . . . . see accents 105 \dotsb (· · · ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\diagdown (å) . . . . . . . . . . 63 dingbat symbols . . . . . . 71–77 \dotsc (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\diagdown () . . . . . . . . . . 63 \Diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \dotseq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\diagdown (Ó) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \diple (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \dotsi (· · ·¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\diagonal (G) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Diple* (>·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \dotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28
\diagup (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \diple* (>·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \dotsm (· · · ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\diagup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Dirac notation . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \dotso (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\diagup (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 discount . . . see \textdiscount dotted union (∪) ˙ . . . . . . . . . 99
\diameter (I) . . . . . . . . . . 63 discretionary hyphen . . . . . 103 \dottedtilde (ã) .. . . . . . . . . 15
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . . 20 disjoint union . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \dottimes () . . . . . . . . . . 22
\diameter (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 disjunction . . . . . . . . see \vee \double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\diameter () . . . . . . . . . . 78 \displaystyle . . 92, 93, 95, 99 \doublebarwedge (Z) . . . . . 22
\Diamond (^) . . . . . . . . . . . 62 ditto marks . see \textquotedbl \doublebarwedge ([) . . . . . 21
\Diamond (3) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \div (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \doublecap . . . . . . . . see \Cap
\Diamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \div (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \doublecap (\) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\diamond () . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \divdot () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \doublecap (⋒) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\diamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \divideontimes () . . . . . . 22 \doublecup . . . . . . . . see \Cup
\diamondbackslash ({) . . . . 24 \divideontimes (>) . . . . . . 21 \doublecup (]) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Diamondblack (_) . . . . . . . 63 \divides () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \doublecup (⋓) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\diamonddiamond () . . . . . 24 \divides (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \doublecurlyvee (7) . . . . . 23
\Diamonddot () . . . . . . . . . 63 division . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 57 \doublecurlywedge (6) . . . . 23
\diamonddot (⟐) . . . . . . . . . 24 non-commutative . . . . . 60 \doublefrown () . . . . . . . . 48
\DiamonddotLeft () . . . . 42 division times . . . . . . . . . . see \doublefrowneq (%) . . . . . . . 48
\Diamonddotleft () . . . . 42 \divideontimes \doublepawns (d) . . . . . . . . 82
\DiamonddotRight () . . . . 42 divorced . . . see \textdivorced \doublesmile () . . . . . . . . 48
\Diamonddotright () . . . . 42 \DJ (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \doublesmileeq ($) . . . . . . . 48
\diamonddots (
) . . . . . 23, 61 \dj (đ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \doublesqcap (⩎) . . . . . . . . 23
\DiamondLeft () . . . . . . . 42 \dlbari (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \doublesqcup (⩏) . . . . . . . . 23
\Diamondleft (
) . . . . . . . 42 \DLE (␐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \doubletilde (˜ ã) . . . . . . . . 15
\diamondminus (x) . . . . . . . 24 \dlsh (ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \doublevee (⩔) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\diamondplus (|) . . . . . . . . 24 \dndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \doublewedge (⩕) . . . . . . . . 23
\DiamondRight () . . . . . . 42 \DOWNarrow (L) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\dnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34
\Diamondright () . . . . . . 42 \Downarrow (⇓) . . . . . . . 41, 53
diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 \dntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Downarrow (⇓) . . . . . . . . . . 43
diamonds (suit) . . . . . 62–64, 77 \dnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \downarrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\DiamondShadowA ( ) . . . . . 75 does not divide . . . . see \nmid \downarrow (↓) . . . . . . . 41, 53
\DiamondShadowB ( ) . . . . . 75
does not exist . . . see \nexists \downarrow (↓) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\DiamondShadowC ( ) . . . . . 75
\Dohne (D/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \downarrowtail (#) . . . . . . . 43
6
\Diamondshape ( ) . . . . . . . 75
dollar . . . . . . see \textdollar
dollar sign . . . . . . . . . . . see \$
\downbracketfill . . . . . . . . 95
\downdownarrows (Ó) . . . . . 42
\diamondslash (z) . . . . . . . 24
p
\Dontwash (Ý) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \downdownarrows () . . . . . 41
\DiamondSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 75 \dot ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \downdownarrows (⇊) . . . . . 43
\diamondsuit (♦) . . . . . . . . 62 dot symbols . . . . . 8, 61, 62, 94 \downdownharpoons (Û) . . . . 43
\diamondsuit (♢) . . . . . . . . 63 \dotcup (∪)· . . . . . . . . . 20, 91 Downes, Michael J. . . . 49, 106
\diamondtimes (}) . . . . . . . 24 \dotdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \downfilledspoon (s) . . . . . 47
\diamondvert (y) . . . . . . . . 24 \Doteq . . . . . . . see \doteqdot \downfootline ({) . . . . . . . . 32
\diatop . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 94 \Doteq (≑) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \downfree (⫝) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\diaunder . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 94 \doteq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \downharpoonccw (⇂) . . . . . . 46
dice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 90 \doteq (≐) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \downharpooncw (⇃) . . . . . . . 46
dictionary symbols . . . 10–13, 84 \doteqdot (+) . . . . . . . . . . 30 \downharpoonleft (å) . . . . . 43
dictsym (package) . 84, 104, 105 \doteqdot (≑) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \downharpoonleft () . . . . . 41
died . . . . . . . . . see \textdied dotless i (ı) \downharpoonright (ç) . . . . 43
differential, inexact . see \dbar math mode . . . . . . 56, 62 \downharpoonright () . . . . 41
\digamma (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 text mode . . . . . . . . . . 13 \downlsquigarrow (£) . . . . . 43
digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 dotless j () \downmapsto (↧) . . . . . . . . . 43
LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 math mode . . . . . . 56, 62 \downModels (ó) . . . . . . . . . 32
Mayan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 text mode . . . . . . . . . . 13 \downmodels (ã) . . . . . . . . . 32
113
\downp ( ) . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 16 \EightFlowerPetalRemoved ( ) \eqslantgtr () . . . . . . . . . 37
\downparenthfill . . . .. . .. 95 . . . . . . . . . 74 \eqslantgtr (⪖) . . . . . . . . . 39
\downpitchfork (⫛) . . .. . .. 47 eighth note see musical symbols \eqslantless ( ) . . . . . . . . 38
\downpropto () . . . . .. . .. 32 \eighthnote (♪) . . . . . . . . . 78 \eqslantless () . . . . . . . . 37
\downrsquigarrow () .. . .. 43 \eighthnote () . . . . . . . . . 78 \eqslantless (⪕) . . . . . . . . 39
\downslice () . . . . . .. . .. 24 \EightStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . 74 \eqsmile () . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\downspoon (⫰) . . . . . .. . .. 47 \EightStarBold ( ) . . . . . . 74 \equal (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\downt ( ) . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 16 \equal (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\EightStarConvex ( ) . . . . 74
\downtherefore (∵) . .. 23, 61 \equalclosed () . . . . . . . . 32
\downtouparrow ( ) . .. . .. 42 \EightStarTaper ( ) . . . . . 74
\equalsfill . . . . . . . . . 20, 95
\downuparrows ( ) . . .. . .. 42 \ejective ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
equidecomposable . . . . . . . . 91
electrical symbols . . . . . . . . 67
\downuparrows () . . .. . .. 43 equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . see
electromotive force (E) . . . . see
\downupharpoons ( ) . .. . .. 43 \rightleftharpoons
alphabets, math
\downupharpoons (⥯) . .. . .. 46 \equiv (≡) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 30
\ell () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\downVdash (⍑) . . . . . .. . .. 32 \equiv (≡) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\downvdash (⊤) . . . . . .. . .. 32 \Ellipse ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 75 equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\downY () . . . . . . . . .. . .. 23 ellipses (dots) . . . . 8, 61, 62, 94 \equiv, \leftrightarrow,
\drsh ( ) . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 42 ellipses (ovals) . . . . . . . . . . . 75 and \threesim
\DS (SS) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 79 \EllipseShadow ( ) . . . . . . 75 \equivclosed () . . . . . . . . 32
\Ds (ss) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 79 \EllipseSolid ( ) . . . . . . . 75 \er ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\dsaeronautical (a) .. . .. 84 \EM (␙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 es-zet . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ss
\dsagricultural (G) .. . .. 84 \Email (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \ESC (␛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\dsarchitectural (A) . . .. 84 \Emailct (z) . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \Esc ( Esc ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\dsbiological (B) . . .. . .. 84 \emgma ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 escapable characters . . . . . . . 8
\dschemical (C) . . . . .. . .. 84 \emptyset (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \esh ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\dscommercial (c) . . .. . .. 84 \emptyset (∅) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \esh ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\dsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \End ( End ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
esint (package) . . . . . . . 28, 104
dsfont (package) . . . . . 65, 104 end of proof . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \Estatically (J) . . . . . . . . 70
\dsheraldical (H) . . . . . . . 84 \ending (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 estimated . see \textestimated
\dsjuridical (J) . . . . . . . . 84 \eng ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 esvect (package) . . . . . . 59, 104
\dsliterary (L) . . . . . . . . . 84 engineering symbols . . . . 67, 70 \eta (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\dsmathematical (M) . . . . . . 84 \engma ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \etaup (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\dsmedical (m) . . . . . . . . . . 84 \ENQ (␅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\ETB (␗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\dsmilitary (X) . . . . . . . . . 84 entails . . . . . . . . . . see \models
\etc (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\dsrailways (R) . . . . . . . . . 84 \Enter ( Enter ) . . . . . . . . . 69
\eth (ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\dsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \Envelope ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \eth ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\dstechnical (T) . . . . . . . . 84 \enya ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \eth ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\EOT (␄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \ETX (␃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\dststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 epsdice (package) . . 81, 104, 105 eufrak (package) . . . . . . . . . 65
\dsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \epsdice ( ) . . . . . 81 Euler Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\dtdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \epsi ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \EUR (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\epsilon () . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\dtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \EURcr (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\epsilonup () . . . . . . . . . . 50
\dtimes (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \EURdig (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\eqbump () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\EURhv (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\dtststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \eqbumped ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 31
\euro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\eqcirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\dttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 euro signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\eqcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
blackboard bold . . . . . . 65
\dtttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \eqcirc (≖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . . 31 eurosym (package) . 17, 104, 105
DVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 69, 97 \EURtm (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\dz ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Eqcolon (−::) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\eqcolon ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 euscript (package) . 65, 104, 105
\eqcolon (−:) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 evaluated at . . . . . . see \vert
E evil spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
e (esvect package option) . . . 59 \eqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\eqdot (⩦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 exclusive or . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
\e (e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \exists ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\eqfrown () . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
ε-TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \exists (∃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Eqqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Earth ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \exists (∃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Eqqcolon (=::) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Earth (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \exp (exp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\eqqcolon (=:) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\earth (♁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \Explosionsafe (`) . . . . . . 70
\eqqcolon () . . . . . . . . . . 31
\Ecommerce () . . . . . . . . . 17 extarrows (package) 60, 104, 105
\eqsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\EightAsterisk ( ) . . . . . . 74 \eqsim (≂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 extensible accents 57–60, 95–96
\EightFlowerPetal ( ) . . . 74 \eqslantgtr ( ) . . . . . . . . . 38 extensible arrows . . . . . . 57–60
114
extensible symbols, creating 94– \FF (␌) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \filledmedtriangleleft (◀) 24,
96 fge (package) . 47, 52, 56, 62, 64, 40
extensible tildes . . . . . . . 57, 59 104, 105 \filledmedtriangleright (▶)
extension characters . . . 48, 49 fge-digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . . . . . . . 24, 40
extpfeil (package) . . 60, 104, 105 \fgeA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \filledmedtriangleup (▲) 24,
\fgebackslash (K) . . . . . . . . 64 40
!
extraipa (package) . . . . 15, 104
\eye ( E ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \fgebaracute (M) . . . . . . . . 64 \FilledRainCloud ( ) . . . . 80
\EyesDollar (¦) . . . . . . . . . 17 \fgebarcap (O) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \FilledSectioningDiamond ( )
\fgec (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . 81
F \fgecap (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \FilledSmallCircle ( ) . . 75 u
f (esvect package option) . . . 59
faces . . . . . . . . . . 69, 78, 80, 85
\fgecapbar (Q) . . . . . . . . . . 64
\fgecup (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\FilledSmallDiamondshape ( ) v
\fallingdotseq () . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . 75
\fallingdotseq (;) . . . . . . 30
\fgecupacute (R) . . . . . . . . 64
\fgecupbar (P) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \FilledSmallSquare ( ) . . 75 p
\fallingdotseq (≒) . . . . . . . 32 \fged (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledSmallTriangleDown ( ) s
!
\FallingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 67 \fgee (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . 75
\fatbslash ()) . . . . . . . . . . 21 \fgeeszett () . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledSmallTriangleLeft ( ) r
\fatsemi (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \fgeeta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . 75
\fatslash (() . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \fgeF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
t
\FilledSmallTriangleRight
\FAX (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \fgef (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\fax (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \fgeinfty (i) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \FilledSmallTriangleUp ( ) 75 q
\Faxmachine (v) . . . . . . . . 69 \fgelangle (h) . . . . . . . . . . 64
$
\FilledSnowCloud ( ) . . . . 80
`
fc (package) . . . . . . . . . . 9, 13 \fgelb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
fclfont (package) . . . . . . . . 104 \fgelb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledSquare ( ) . . . . . . . 75
feet . . . . . . . . . see \prime and \fgeleftB (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \filledsquare (◾) . . . . . . . . 24
\textquotesingle \fgeleftC (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledSquareShadowA ( ) . 75
\FEMALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \fgeN () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledSquareShadowC ( ) . 75
\Female (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\female (♀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\fgeoverU () . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\fgerightarrow (!) . . . . . 47
\filledsquarewithdots ( ) 77 C
\filledstar (★) . . . . . . . . . 24
\FemaleFemale („) . . . . . . . 70
\FemaleMale (…) . . . . . . . . . 70
\fgerightB (B) . . . . . . . . . . 52
\fges (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 #
\FilledSunCloud ( ) . . . . . 80
a.
\Ferli (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \fgestruckone (1) . . . . . . . . 62 \FilledTriangleDown ( ) . . 75 c
\fgestruckzero (0) . . . . . . . 62 \filledtriangledown (▾) 24, 40
b
a.
\Fermi (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \fgeU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \FilledTriangleLeft ( ) . . 75
fermions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \fgeuparrow (") . . . . . . . . . 47 \filledtriangleleft (◂) 24, 40
feyn (package) . . . . 70, 104, 105
Feynman slashed character nota-
\fgeupbracket (L) . . . . . . . 64
\FHBOLOGO (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\FilledTriangleRight ( ) . 75 d
\filledtriangleright (▸) 24,
tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \FHBOlogo (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 80 40
Feynman-diagram symbols . . 70 \file (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 a
U
\FilledTriangleUp ( ) . . . 75
\feyn{a} (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \FilledBigCircle ( ) . . . . 75 \filledtriangleup (▴) . 24, 40
\feyn{c} (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\FilledBigDiamondshape ( ) 75 V \FilledWeakRainCloud ( ) . 80 "
\feyn{fd} ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\feyn{fl} (n) . . . . . . . . 70 P
\FilledBigSquare ( ) . . . . 75 finger, pointing . . . . . . see fists
\feyn{fs} (e)
\FilledBigTriangleDown ( ) 75 S \finpartvoice (a») . . . . . . . 15
ˇ (a) . . . . 15
\feyn{fu} ()
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
70
70 \FilledBigTriangleLeft ( ) 75 R \finpartvoiceless
> ˚
»
\feyn{gl} (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
e
\FilledCircle ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\Fire ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\FilledCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . 80
\feyn{gu} ()
fish hook . . . . . . see \strictif
. . . . . . . . . . . 70
\filleddiamond (◆) . . . . . . . 24
\feyn{gvs} ()
fists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
. . . . . . . . . . . 70
\fivedots () . . . . . . . . 23, 61
R
\FilledDiamondShadowA ( ) 75
\feyn{gv} () .
\feyn{g} (g)
. . . . . . . . . . . 70
\FiveFlowerOpen ( ) . . . . . 74
P
\FilledDiamondShadowC ( ) 75
f
. . . . . . . . . . . 70
\feyn{hd} () \FiveFlowerPetal ( ) . . . . 74
8
. . . . . . . . . . . 70 \FilledDiamondshape ( ) . . 75
\feyn{hs} (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\FilledHut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 81 \FiveStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 74
\feyn{hu} () . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \filledlargestar (☀) . . . . 74 \FiveStarCenterOpen ( ) . . 74 ;
\feyn{h} (h) . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \filledlozenge (⧫) . . . . . . . 74 ?
\FiveStarConvex ( ) . . . . . 74
\feyn{ms} (l)
\feyn{m} (m)
. . . . . . . . . . . 70 \filledmedlozenge (⧫) . . . . 74
7
\FiveStarLines ( ) . . . . . . 74
\feyn{p} (p)
. . . . . . . . . . . 70 \filledmedsquare (∎) . . . . . 24
9
\FiveStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 74
:
. . . . . . . . . . . 70 \filledmedtriangledown (▼) 24,
\feyn{x} (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 40 \FiveStarOpenCircled ( ) . 74
115
<
\FiveStarOpenDotted ( ) . . 74 1
\FourAsterisk ( ) . . . . . . . 74 german (keystroke package option)
=
\FiveStarOutline ( ) . . . . 74 V
\FourClowerOpen ( ) . . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . 69
\FiveStarOutlineHeavy ( ) 74> W
\FourClowerSolid ( ) . . . . 74
\gets . . . . . . . see \leftarrow
@
\FiveStarShadow ( ) . . . . . 74 \Fourier ( c) . . . . . . . . . 35 \gg (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Fixedbearing (%) . . . . . . . 70 \fourier ( c ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \gg (≫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
.
\fixedddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . 61
Fourier transform (F) . . . . see \ggcurly (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5 \ggg (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
alphabets, math
.
\fixedvdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . 61 \FourStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 74
6
\ggg (≫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
fixmath (package) . . . . . . . 100 \FourStarOpen ( ) . . . . . . . 74 \ggg (≫ vs. Ï) . . . . . . . . . 88
\fj (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \fourth (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \ggg (⋙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\Flag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
fraktur . . . see alphabets, math
\gggtr . . . . . . . . . . . see \ggg
\gggtr (⋙) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\flap (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\flapr (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Frege logic symbols 47, 52, 62, 64 ghosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
\flat ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 78 \frown (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Gibbons, Jeremy . . . . . . . . 106
\flat (♭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \frown (⌢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \gimel ( )ג. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Flatsteel (–) . . . . . . . . . . 70 frown symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \gimel (ℷ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
fletched arrows . . . . . . . 47, 71 \frowneq (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \girl (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
florin . . . . . . see \textflorin \frowneqsmile (') . . . . . . . 48 \glotstop (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \frownie (/) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \glottal (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Flynn, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \frownsmile () . . . . . . . . . 48 \gluon (QPPPPPPR) . . . . . . . . . . 67
\Fog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\frownsmileeq ()) . . . . . . . 48
\Frowny (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
gluons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\gnapprox (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . 38
font encodings . . . . . 7, 100, 103 \FS (␜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \gnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 37
7-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \FullFHBO () . . . . . . . . . . 80 \gnapprox (⪊) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \fullmoon (M) . . . . . . . . . . 68 \gneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 \fullmoon (#) . . . . . . . . . . 68 \gneq (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
document . . . . . . . . . . 103 \fullnote () . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \gneqq (³) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Latin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\gneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
limiting scope of . . . . . . . 7 G \gneqq (≩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
LY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \G (a
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \gnsim (Å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
OT1 7, 9, 13, 94, 100, 101, g (esvect package option) . . . 59 \gnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
103 \Game (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \gnsim (≵) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
OT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \Game (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Go boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
T1 . . . . . 7, 9, 13, 101, 103 \Gamma (Γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Go stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
T4 . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 13, 16 \gamma (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 goban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
T5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 13 \gammaup (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Goofy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
TS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \Ganz (¯ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 graphics (package) . . . . . . . . 90
fontdef.dtx (file) . . . . . 90, 94 \GaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 graphicx (package) . . . 16, 87, 90
fontenc (package) . . 7, 9, 13, 103 Garamond (font) . . . . . . 17, 29 \grave (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\fontencoding . . . . . . . . . . . 7 \gcd (gcd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \gravis (à) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
fonts \ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \geq
\Gemini (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
greater-than signs . . . . . . . see
Calligra . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
inequalities
Charter . . . . . . . . . 17, 29 \Gemini (â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 50
Computer Modern . 87, 89, \gemini (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 blackboard bold . . . . . . 65
101 genealogical symbols . . . . . . 78 bold . . . . . . . . . . 49, 100
Courier . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \geneuro (A C) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 upright . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Garamond . . . . . . . 17, 29 \geneuronarrow (B C) . . . . . . 17 Gregorio, Enrico . . . . . . 91, 92
Helvetica . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \geneurowide (C C) . . . . . . . . 17 \GS (␝) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Symbol . . . . . . . . . 50, 90 gensymb (package) . . . . . . . . 67 \gtr (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Times Roman . . . . 17, 89 \Gentsroom (x) . . . . . . . . . . 76
\gtrapprox (Ç) . . . . . . . . . . 38
Type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 geometric shapes . . . . . . 74–76
\gtrapprox (') . . . . . . . . . 37
Utopia . . . . . . . . . . 17, 29 \geq (¥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtrapprox (⪆) . . . . . . . . . . 39
Zapf Chancery . . . . . . . 65 \geq (≥) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38
\gtrclosed (⊳) . . . . . . . 39, 40
Zapf Dingbats . . . . 71, 73 \geq (≥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrdot (Í) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\fontsize . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 89 \geqclosed (⊵) . . . . . . . 39, 40
\gtrdot (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Football (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \geqdot (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\gtrdot (⋗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\forall (∀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \geqq (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\gtreqless (½) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\forall (∀) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \geqq (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\Force (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \geqq (≧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \gtreqless (R) . . . . . . . . . 37
\Forward (·) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \geqslant (>) . . . . . . . . . . 37 \gtreqless (⋛) . . . . . . . . . . 39
\ForwardToEnd (¸) . . . . . . . 79 \geqslant (⩾) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \gtreqlessslant (O) . . . . . . 39
\ForwardToIndex (¹) . . . . 79 \geqslantdot (⪀) . . . . . . . . 39 \gtreqqless (¿) . . . . . . . . . 38
116
\gtreqqless (T) . . . . . . . . . 37 \HB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hman (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtreqqless (⪌) . . . . . . . . . 39 \Hb (b) . . . . . .... . . . ... 84 \Hmillion (7) . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrless (») . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\HBar ( ) . . . . .... . . . ... 75 \Hms (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrless (≷) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \hbar (~) . . . . .... . . . 51, 90 \HN (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrless (≷) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \hbipropto () ... . . . ... 23 \Hn (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrneqqless (ó) . . . . . . . . 39 \HC (C) . . . . . . .... . . . ... 84 \HO (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrsim (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \Hc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Ho (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gtrsim (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \hcrossing () . . . . . . . . . . 32 Holt, Alexander . . . . . . . 1, 104
\gtrsim (≳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \HCthousand (6) . . . . . . . . 84
\guillemotleft («) . . . . 9, 102 \holter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\HD (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\guillemotright (») . . . 9, 102
\Hd (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 holtpolt (package) . . . . 60, 104
\guilsinglleft (‹) . . . . 9, 103
\hdotdot () . . . . . . . . . 23, 61 \hom (hom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\guilsinglright (›) . . . 9, 103
\Home ( Home ) . . . . . . . . . 69
\gvertneqq (µ) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \hdots (⋯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
\gvertneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37 \Hdual (¸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\gvertneqq (≩) . . . . . . . . . . 39 \HE (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\He (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Homer ( ) ... . . . . . 85
H heads . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces \Hone (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\H (a̋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \Heart (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \hookb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
h (esvect package option) . . . 59 hearts (suit) . . . . . . . 62–64, 77 \hookd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\h (ả) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \heartsuit (♥) . . . . . . . . . . 62 \hookd (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\HA (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \heartsuit (♡) . . . . . . . . . . 63 \hookdownminus (⌐) . . . . . . 63
Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 65 \hookg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Ha (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Helvetica (font) . . . . . . . . . . 17 \hookh ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
háček . . . . . . . . . . see accents
\hookheng (%) . . . . . .
\HERMAPHRODITE () . . . . . . 70 . . . . . 12
\Hail ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \Hermaphrodite (}) . . . . . . 70 \hookleftarrow (←-) . . . . . . 41
\Halb (˘ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \hexagon (7) . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \hookleftarrow (↩) . . . . . . 44
half note . . see musical symbols
s \hookrevepsilon () .
\Hexasteel (’) . . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . 12
\HalfCircleLeft ( ) . . . . . . 75 \hexstar (A) . . . . . . . . . . . 73
r
\hookrightarrow (,→) . . . . . 41
\HalfCircleRight ( ) . . . . . 75 \HF (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \hookrightarrow (↪) . . . . . 44
\HalfFilledHut ( ) . . . . . . 81 \HF (F) . . . . . . . .
\Hf (f) . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . 84
. . . . . 84
\hookupminus (⨽) . . . . . . . . 63
\halflength (p) . . . . . . . . . 16 Horn, Berthold . . . . . . . . . . 66
\halfnote (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \hfil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \HP (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HalfSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\HG (G) . . . . . . . . . .
\Hg (g) . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . 84
. . . . . 84
\Hp (p) . . . . . . . . . . .
\Hplural (˙) . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
84
84
Hamiltonian (H) see alphabets, \HH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
math \Hplus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandCuffLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 72 \HH (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \HQ (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandCuffLeftUp ( ) . . . . . 72 \Hh (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hq (q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandCuffRight ( ) . . . . . . 72
\Hhundred (3) . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\Hquery (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandCuffRightUp ( ) . . . . 72 \HI (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \HR (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 72 \Hi (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandLeftUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 72 \Hibl (˝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \HS (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandPencilLeft ( ) . . . . . 72 \Hibp (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hs (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . 72 \Hibs (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hscribe (¯) . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HandRightUp ( ) . . . . . . . 72 \Hibw (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hslash (/) .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . see fists hieroglf (package) . 84, 104, 105 \hslash (}) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Handwash (Ü) . . . . . . . . . . 80 hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hsv (˚) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HaPa (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Hilbert space (H) see alphabets, \HT (T) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
harmony (package) . 79, 104, 105 math \HT (␉) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 69
harpoons . . . . . . . . . . 41, 43, 46 \hill (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \Ht (t) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
{
\hash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \Hten (2) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\HJ (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
hash mark . . . . . . . . . . . see \#
\Hj (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hthousand (4) . . . . . . . . . . 84
\hat (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\HK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Htongue (˘) . . . . . . . . . . 84
\hateq (≙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Hk (k) √ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\hausaB (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \HU (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\hksqrt ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\hausab (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\HL (L) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \Hu (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\hausaD (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Hl (l) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Hungarian umlaut . see accents
\hausad (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\hausaK (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\HM (M) . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
\Hut ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\hausak (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Hm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \HV (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
117
\Hv (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \implies see \Longrightarrow \invscr (K) . . . . . . .. . . . . 12
\hv (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 and \vdash \invscripta () . . . .. . . . . 12
\Hvbar (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 impulse train . . . . . . . . see sha \invv () . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 12
\HW (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \in (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \invw (Z) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 12
\Hw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \invy (\) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 12
\HX (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \iota (ι) . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 49
\in (∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \iotaup (ι) . . . . . . . .. . . . . 50
\Hx (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 inches . . . . . . . see \second and \ipagamma ( ) . . . . . .. . . . . 12
\HXthousand (5) . . . . . . . . . 84 \textquotedbl \IroningI (¯) . . . . .. . . . . 80
\incoh (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \IroningII (°) . . . .. . . . . 80
\HY (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \IroningIII (±) . . .. . . . . 80
independence
\Hy (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 probabilistic . . . . . . . . . 93 irony mark (? ) . . . . . .. . . . . 90
hyphen, discretionary . . . . . 103 statistical . . . . . . . . . . . 93
stochastic . . . . . see \bot
\Irritant ( ) . . . . .. . . . . 81
\HZ (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \ismodeledby (=|) . . .. . . . . 90
\Hz (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \independent (⊥ ⊥) . . . . . . . . 93 ISO character entities . . . . 103
\Industry (I) . . . . . . . . . . 76 isoent (package) . . . . .. . . . 103
I inequalities . . . . . . . . . 8, 37–39
\i (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 inexact differential . . see \dbar J
\ialign . . . . . . . . . . 91, 93, 95 \inf (inf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \j () . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 13
\ibar (¯i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 infinity (∞) . . . . . . . see \infty
\JackStar ( ) .2 .. . . . . . . . 74
IBM PC . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 101
Icelandic staves . . . . . . . . . . 85
\Info (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
information symbols . . . . . . 76 \JackStarBold ( 3 ) . . . . . . . 74
\IceMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 81 informator symbols . . . . . . . 82 Jewish star . . . .
\jmath () . . . . .
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
73, 74
51, 56
.
\iddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\infty (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\infty (∞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\Joch ( ) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 81
\iddots () R. . . R. . . . . . . . . . 94 \infty (∞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \Join (Z) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 30
\idotsint (' ··· ) . . . . . . . 25 \inipartvoice (a \Join (&) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 23
–ˇ) . . . . . . . 15 \joinrel . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 90
\idotsint ( ) . . . . . . . . 27
\Jupiter (E) . .
\inipartvoiceless – ) . . . . 15
(a
˚ .. . . . . . . . 68
\idotsint (∫…∫) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \injlim (inj lim) . . . . . . . . . 49
\Jupiter (Å) . . . .. . . . . . . . 68
\iff . see \Longleftrightarrow \inplus (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\jupiter (X) . . .. . . . . . . . 68
ifsym (package) . 67, 75, 80, 81, \Ins ( Ins ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
³
88, 90, 104, 105 \int (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 K
igo (package) . . . . . . . . 76, 104
}
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \k ( ˛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 r
}
\igocircle ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76
\int ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \kappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
|
\igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \int (∫) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\kappaup (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
|
\igocross ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 76 \intclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 29
integers (Z) see alphabets, math
\ker (ker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\Keyboard (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . 69
\igonone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 76 integrals . . . . . 25–29, 63, 92–93
~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 integrals (wasysym package op-
keyboard symbols . . . . . . . . 69
~
\igosquare ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
keys, computer . . . . . . . . . . 69
\igotriangle ( ) . . . . . . . . 76 \intercal (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
keystroke (package) 69, 104, 105
RRRR( ) . . . . . . . . 76
\igotriangle \intercal (⊺) . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\keystroke ( ) . . . . . . . . 69
king . . . . . . . see chess symbols
\iiiint (% ) . . . . . . . . . 25 \interleave (9) . . . . . . . . . 21
intersection . . . . . . . . see \cap knight . . . . . . see chess symbols
\iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ˇ Knuth, Donald E. . . 7, 100, 106
\iiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \Interval ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 81
symbols by . . . . . . . 76, 79
\Kr ( l
\iiiint µ (⨌) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \inva ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\iiint (RRR ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \invamp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\kreuz (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\invbackneg (⨽) . . . . . . . . . 63
\iiint (# ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \kside (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\invdiameter () . . . . . . . . 78
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . 25, 27 \Kutline (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
˝ \inve (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\iiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \InversTransformHoriz ( ) 35 L
\iiint ´(∭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\InversTransformVert ( ) . 35 \L (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\iint (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
inverted symbols . 10–12, 16, 90 \l (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\iint (! ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \invf (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \labdentalnas (4) . . . . . . . 11
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 27 \invglotstop (d) . . . . . . . .
˜ 12 \labvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\iint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 \invh (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Ladiesroom (y) . . . . . . . . . 76
\iint (∬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 \invlegr (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lagrangian (L) . see alphabets,
\Im (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \invm (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 math
\im (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \invneg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \Lambda (Λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\imath (ı) . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 56 \invneg (⨼) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \lambda (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\impliedby see \Longleftarrow \invr (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \lambdabar (o) . . . . . . . . . . 63
118
⎡⎢
\lceil ( ⎢⎢⎢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\lambdaslash (n) . . . . . . . . 63 \leftmoon ($) . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lambdaup (λ) . . .. . . . . . . . 50 ⎢⎢
\lcirclearrowdown (ÿ) . . . 43
\leftp (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Lamport, Leslie . .. . . . 104, 106 \leftpitchfork () . . . . . . 47
\land . . . . . . %. . .. . see \wedge
\lcirclearrowleft (⤾) . . . 43
\lcirclearrowright (⟳) . . 43
\leftpointright ( R ) . . . . 72
\landdownint ( ) . . . . . . . . 28 \leftpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . 32
\lcirclearrowup (↻) . . . . . 43
\landdownint# (⨚) . . . . . . . . 29 \Leftrightarrow (⇔) . . . . . 41
\lcircleleftint (∲) . . . . . . 29 \Leftrightarrow (⇔) . . . . . 44
\landupint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 28
\lcirclerightint (∲) . . . . . 29 \leftrightarrow (Ø) . . . . . 42
\landupint (⨙) . . . . . . . . . . 29 \lcm (lcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 \leftrightarrow (↔) . . . . . 41
\Langle (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \lcorners (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \leftrightarrow (↔) . . . . . 44
\lAngle (hh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \lcurvearrowdown (⤸) . . . . . 43 \leftrightarroweq (-) . . . . 42
\langle (h) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 53 \lcurvearrowleft (º) . . . . 43 \leftrightarrows (Ô) . . . . 42
\langle (⟨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \lcurvearrowne (¼) . . . . . . 43 \leftrightarrows () . . . . 41
\lcurvearrownw (½) . . . . . . 43 \leftrightarrows (⇆) . . . . 44
\lcurvearrowright (↷) . . . . 43 \leftrightarrowtriangle (])
\langlebar (n) . . . . . . . . . . 54
\lcurvearrowse (¿) . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . 42
\Laplace ( s c) . . . . . . . . . 35 \lcurvearrowsw (¾) . . . . . . 43 \leftrightharpoon (à) . . . 43
\lcurvearrowup (¹) . . . . . . . 43
\laplace ( c s) . . . . . . . . . 35 \leftrightharpoondownup (⥊)
\ldbrack (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . . 46
Laplace transform (L) . . . . see \ldotp (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 \leftrightharpoons (è) . . 43
alphabets, math \ldots (. . .) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 \leftrightharpoons () . . 41
Laplacian (∆) . . . . . see \Delta \le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \leq \leftrightharpoons (⇋) . . . 46
Laplacian (∇2 ) . . . . see \nabla \leadsto ({) . . . . . . . . 30, 41 \leftrightharpoonsfill . . . 60
\largecircle (◯) . . . . . . . . 74 \leadsto (↝) . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \leftrightharpoonupdown (⥋)
\largediamond (◇) . . . . . . 74 leaf . . . . . . . . . . see \textleaf . . . . . . . . . 46
\largelozenge (◊) . . . . . . . 74 \Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Leftrightline (Ô) . . . . . . 32
\left . . . . . . . . . 53, 55, 87, 89 \leftrightline (Ð) . . . . . . 32
\leftrightsquigarrow (ú) 42
\largepencil ( W) . . . . . . . 72
\LEFTarrow () . . . . . . . . . . 78
\Leftarrow (⇐) . . . . . . 20, 41 \leftrightsquigarrow (!) 41
\largepentagram (
) . . . . . 74 \Leftarrow (⇐) . . . . . . . . . 43 \leftrightsquigarrow (↭) . 44
\largesquare (◻) . . . . . . . . 74 \leftarrow (Ð) . . . . . . . . . 42 \leftrsquigarrow (↜) . . . . 44
\largestar (☆) . . . . . . . . . 74 \leftarrow (←) . . . . . . . . . 41 \Leftscissors (S) . . . . . . . 71
\largestarofdavid (✡) . . . 74 \leftarrow (←) . . . . . . . . . . 43 \leftslice (2) . . . . . . . . . . 21
\largetriangledown (▽) . . 40 \leftarrowtail () . . . . . 41 \leftslice (⪦) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\largetriangleleft (◁) . . 40 \leftarrowtail (↢) . . . . . . 44 \leftspoon (⟜) . . . . . . . . . 47
\largetriangleright (▷) . 40 \leftarrowtriangle (^) . . 42 \leftsquigarrow (ø) . . . . 42
\largetriangleup (△) . . . . 40 \leftbarharpoon (Ü) . . . . . 43 \leftsquigarrow (f) . . . . . 42
\LArrow ( ← ) . . . . . . . . . . 69 \LEFTCIRCLE (G) . . . . . . . . . 78 \leftt (n) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\larrowfill . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \LEFTcircle (G #) . . . . . . . . . 78 \lefttherefore () . . . 23, 61
\Laserbeam (a) . . . . . . . . 70 \Leftcircle Ñ(I) . . . . . . . . . 78 \leftthreetimes ($) . . . . . 63
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,
Ñ \leftthreetimes (h) . . . . . 21
\leftevaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . 55 \leftthreetimes (⋋) . . . . . . 23
7, 25, 49, 53, 61, 62, 71, 82,
\leftthumbsdown ( D ) . . . . 72
87, 90–96, 99–101, 103, 104,
106
\leftfilledspoon (r)
\leftfootline (z) . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47
32 \leftthumbsup ( U ) . . . . . . 72
LATEX 2ε . 1, 7, 8, 18–20, 30, 36, \leftfree () . . . . . . . . . . 32 \lefttorightarrow (ü) . . . 42
41, 57, 61, 62, 66, 87, 88, 90, \lefthalfcap (⌜) . . . . . . . . 23 \Lefttorque (&) . . . . . . . . 70
93, 94, 98–103, 106 \lefthalfcup (⌞) . . . . . . . . 23 \leftturn (") . . . . . . . . . . 78
latexsym (package) 20, 30, 36, 41, \leftharpoonccw (↽) . . . . . 46 \leftVdash (ê) . . . . . . . . . . 32
62, 87, 104, 105 \leftharpooncw (↼) . . . . . . 46 \leftvdash (⊣) Ð . . . . . . . . . . 32
\latfric (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \leftharpoondown (â) . . . . 43 Ð
\leftwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . 55
Latin 1 . . . . . . 7, 101, 103, 104 \leftharpoondown ()) . . . . 41
table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 \leftharpoonup (à) . . . . . . 43 \leftY (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
laundry symbols . . . . . . . . . 80 \leftharpoonup (() . . . . . . 41 legal symbols . . . . . . . 8, 18, 102
\Lbag (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \leftleftarrows (Ð) . . . . . 42 \legm (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\lbag (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \leftleftarrows (⇔) . . . . . 41 \legr (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
⎧
⎪ \length (q) . . .
⎪ \leftleftarrows (⇇) . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . 16
\lbrace ( ⎨) . . . . . . . . . . . 54
⎪ \leftleftharpoons (Ø) . . . 43 \Leo (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\Lbrack ([)⎪⎩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \leftlsquigarrow (¢) . . . . 44 \leo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\lBrack ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \leftmapsto (↤) . . . . . . . . . 44 \leq (¤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
LCD digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \leftModels (ò) . . . . . . . . . 32 \leq (≤) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38
\lCeil (dd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \leftmodels (â) . . . . . . . . . 32 \leq (≤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lceil (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \leftmoon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \leqclosed (⊴) . . . . . . . 39, 40
119
\leqdot (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \lhookrightarrow (↪) . . . . 44 \ln (ln) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\leqq (®) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \lhooksearrow (⤥) . . . . . . . 44 \lnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . . . 38
\leqq (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \lhookswarrow (6) . . . . . . . 44 \lnapprox () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\leqq (≦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \lhookuparrow (1) . . . . . . . . 44 \lnapprox (⪉) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\leqslant (6) . . . . . . . . . . 37 \Libra (æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \lneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\leqslant (⩽) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \libra (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \lneq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\leqslantdot (⩿) . . . . . . . . 39 Lie derivative (L) see alphabets, \lneqq (²) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\less (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 math \lneqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
less-than signs . . see inequalities life-insurance symbols . . . . . 95 \lneqq (≨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lessapprox (Æ) . . . . . . . . . 38 \lightbulb (A) . . . . . . . . . . 98 \lnot . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\lessapprox (/) . . . . . . . . . 37 lightbulb.mf (file) . . . . 96, 97 \lnot (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\lessapprox (⪅) . . . . . . . . . 39 lightbulb.sty (file) . . . 98, 99 \lnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\lessclosed (⊲) . . . . . . 39, 40 lightbulb10.2602gf (file) . . 97 \lnsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\lessdot (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 lightbulb10.dvi (file) . . . . 97 \lnsim (≴) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lessdot (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 lightbulb10.mf (file) . . 96–98 local ring (O) . . see alphabets,
\lessdot (⋖) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 lightbulb10.tfm (file) . . . . 98 math
\lesseqgtr (¼) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \Lightning (E vs. ) . . . . . 88 \log (log) . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 99
\lesseqgtr (Q) . . . . . . . . . 37
\Lightning ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80 log-like symbols . . . . . . 49, 100
logical operators
\lesseqgtr (⋚) . . . . . . . . . . 39 \Lightning (E) . . . . . . . . . . 69
\lesseqgtrslant (N) . . . . . . 39 \lightning ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 42 and . . . . . . . . . see \wedge
\lesseqqgtr (¾) . . . . . . . . . 38 \lightning ( vs. ) . . . . . . 88 not . . . see \neg and \sim
\lightning (☇) . . . . . . . . . . 44 or . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
\lesseqqgtr (S) . . . . . . . . . 37 \logof () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\lightning () . . . . . . . . . . 78
\lesseqqgtr (⪋) . . . . . . . . . 39 \lim (lim) . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 99 lollipop . . . . . . . see \multimap
\lessgtr (º) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \liminf (lim inf) . . . . . 49, 100 long division . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\lessgtr (≶) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 longdiv (package) . . . . . . . . . 57
\lessgtr (≶) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \limsup (lim sup) . . . . 49, 100 \Longleftarrow (⇐=) . . . . . 41
\lessneqqgtr (ò) . . . . . . . . 39 linear implication see \multimap \Longleftarrow (⇐Ô) . . . . . 43
linear logic symbols . . 20, 30, 36 \longleftarrow (←Ð) . . . . . 43
\lesssim (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \longleftarrow (←−) . . . . . 41
\Lineload (L) . . . . . . . . . . 70
\lesssim (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \Longleftrightarrow (⇐⇒) 41
linguistic symbols . . . . . 10–13
\lesssim (≲) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \Longleftrightarrow (⇐⇒) 43
\Letter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \longleftrightarrow (←→) . 43
\Letter (B vs. )
\Letter (B) . . . .
. . . . . . . 88
. . . . . . . . 69 \Lisa ( ) . . . . . . . . . 85
\longleftrightarrow (←→) 41
\Longmapsfrom (⇐=\) . . . . . . 42
letter-like symbols . . . . . 51, 52 \lJoin (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\longmapsfrom (←−[) . . . . . . 42
letters . . . . . . . . . see alphabets \ll (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\Longmapsto (=⇒) . . . . . . . 42
barred . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 \ll () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\longmapsto (z→) . . . . . . . . 43
non-ASCII . . ......... 9 \ll (≪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\longmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . 41
slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\llangle (⟪) . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \LongPulseHigh ( & ) . . . . . 67
variant
Ñ Latin . . . . . . . . 50
\llap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\LongPulseLow ( ' ) . . . . . 67
\Longrightarrow (=⇒) . . . . 41
Ñ
\levaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \llbracket (~) . . . . . . . . . . 53 \Longrightarrow (Ô⇒) . . . . 43
\LF (␊) . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \llceil (V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\llcorner (z) .
\longrightarrow (Ð→) . . . . 43
7 . . . . . . . . . . 52 \longrightarrow (−→) . . . . 41
\lfilet (77) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\looparrowdownleft (î) . . 42
\llcorner (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\lFloor (bb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \llcorner (⌞) . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \looparrowdownright (ï) . . 42
\lfloor (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \looparrowleft (ì) . . . . . . 42
⎢⎢ \llcurly (Î) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\lfloor ( ⎢⎢⎢)
\looparrowleft (") . . . . . . 41
. . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \Lleftarrow (W) . . . . . . . . 41
.⎢⎣. .
\looparrowleft (↫) . . . . . . 43
\lg (lg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Lleftarrow (⇚) . . . . . . . . 44 \looparrowright (í) . . . . . 42
\lgroup () . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \llfloor (T) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \looparrowright (#) . . . . . 41
\lll (Î) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
⎧
⎪
\looparrowright (↬) . . . . . 43
⎪
\lgroup ( ⎪
⎪ \lll (≪) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
⎪
⎩
) ..... .. . ... 54
\lll (≪ vs. Î) . . . . . . . . . 88
\Loosebearing ($) . . . . . . . 70
\lor . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
o
\LHD () . . . . . . . . . .. . ... 21
\lll (⋘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lhd (C) . . . . . . . . . .. . 20, 21 \LowerDiamond ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\llless . . . . . . . . . . see \lll
\lhd (⊲) . . . . . . . . . .. . 39, 40 lowering . . . see \textlowering
\llless (⋘) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\lhdbend (~) . . . . .. . ... 76 \lozenge (♦) . . . . . . . . 62, 63
\lhookdownarrow (3) .. . ... 44
\llparenthesis (L) . . . . . . . 52
\lozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\lhookleftarrow (2) . . ... 44 \lmoustache () . . . . . . . . 53 \Lparen (() . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
⎧
⎪ \lrcorner ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
⎪
\lhooknearrow (4) . .. . ... 44
\lmoustache ( ⎪
⎪
⎪
⎭
\lhooknwarrow (⤣) . .. . ... 44 ) . . . . . . . . 54 \lrcorner (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
120
\lrcorner (⌟) . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \manpenkidney () . . . . . . . 79 \mathbbmss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\manquadrifolium (&) . . . . 79 \mathbbmtt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lrJoin . . . . . . . . . see \Join \manquartercircle ( ) . . . . 79 mathbbol (package) . . . . . . . 65
\lrtimes (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \mathbf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
L
P
\manrotatedquadrifolium (')
\lsem ( P
\mathbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
P
P ) ... .. . . . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . . 79
P
\mathbold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
N ...
\lsemantic .. see \ldbrack \manrotatedquartercircle (")
mathcal (euscript package option)
\Lsh (è) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . 79
. . . . . . . . . 65
\Lsh () . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 41 \manstar () . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\mathcal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\Lsh (↰) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 43 \mantiltpennib () . . . . . . 79 \mathcent (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\Lsteel (™) . . .. . . . . . . . . 70 \mantriangledown (7) . . . . . 79 \mathchoice . . . . . . . . . 92, 93
\ltimes (
) . . .. . . . . . . . . 22 \mantriangleright (x) . . . . 79 \mathclose . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\ltimes (n) . . .. . . . . . . . . 21 \mantriangleup (6) . . . . . . 79 mathcomp (package) . . . . . . 62
\ltimes (⋉) . . .. . . . . . . . . 23 \manvpennib () . . . . . . . . . . 79 mathdesign (package) 17, 23, 29,
\ltriple . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 55 \Mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48 51, 55, 64, 104
Luecking, Dan . .. . . . . . . . . 93 \mappedfromchar () . . . . . . . 48 \mathdollar ($) . . . . . . . . . 20
\lVert (k) . . . .. . . . . . . . . 53 \Mapsfrom (⇐\) . . . . . . . . . . 42 mathdots (package) . 56, 61, 62,
\lVert (||) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 55 \mapsfrom (←[) . . . . . . . . . . 42 94, 104, 105
\lvert (|) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 53 \Mapsfromchar (û) . . . . . . . . 49 \mathds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lvertneqq (´) .. . . . . . . . . 38 \Mapsfromchar (\) . . . . . . . . 48 \mathellipsis (. . .) . . . . . . 20
\lvertneqq ( ) . . . . . . . . . 37 \mapsfromchar (ß) . . . . . . . . 49 mathematical symbols . . 20–66
\mapsfromchar ([) . . . . . . . . 48
\lvertneqqÐ (≨) .. . . . . . . . . 39
\Mapsto (⇒) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\mathfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ð \mathit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\lwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \mapsto (7→) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 \mathnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
_
\mapsto (↦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
_ \mathop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\lWavy ( _ _
_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \Mapstochar (ú) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \mathopen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
^^_
_
\Mapstochar () . . . . . . . . . . 48 \mathord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\lwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \mapstochar (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \mathpalette . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\lz (1) .^^. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \mathparagraph (¶) . . . . . . 20
\mathpunct . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
M \mathpzc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\M . . . . . ... . . . . . .... .... 9 \mathrel . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 99
\M ( ´) . ... . . . . . .... . . . 82 \Marge ( ) . . . . . . . . . 85 \mathring (˚) . . . . . . . . 56, 57
\m . ¯
... . ... . . . . . .... .... 9 \markera (x) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \mathrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\m ( ) . ... . . . . . .... . . . 82 \markerb (y) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 mathrsfs (package) . . . . 65, 104
\ma (¯¯×) ... . . . . . .... . . . 82 married . . . . . see \textmarried mathscr (euscript package option)
macron .... . . . . . see accents \Mars (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 . . . . . . . . . 65
\macron (ā) . . . . . . .... . . . 16 \Mars (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \mathscr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\mars (♂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \mathsection (§) . . . . . . . . 20
\Maggie (
) . . . . . . . . . 85
\MartinVogel (ÿ) . . . . . . . . 80
marvosym (package) . 17, 62, 64,
\mathsterling (£) . . . . . 20, 51
mathtools (package) . 34, 58, 59,
magical signs . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 68–71, 76, 79, 80, 88 104, 105
majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 matbbol (package) . . . . . . . . 65 \mathunderscore ( ) . . . . . . 20
\makeatletter . . . . . . . . . . 94 \mate (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \max (max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\makeatother . . . . . . . . . . . 94 material biconditional . . . . . . . Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coeffi-
\MALE () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . see \leftrightarrow and cient . . . . . . . . . . . . see
\Male (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \equiv \DH
\male (♂) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 material conditional . . . . . . see \maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\MaleMale (ƒ) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \rightarrow and \supset ´˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Mb ( ¯
\maltese (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 material equivalence . . . . . . . . \mb ( ¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\maltese (✠) . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . see \leftrightarrow and
˘ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Mbb ( ¯´
\manboldkidney () . . . . . . . 79 ˘¯˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\manconcentriccircles ($) 79
\equiv \mBb ( ¯
˘´˘¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\manconcentricdiamond (%) 79
material implication . . . . . . see
\rightarrow and \supset
˘˘´
\mbB ( ¯¯
\mbb ( ¯¯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\mancone (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 79 math alphabets . . . . . . . . . . 65
˘˘
mbboard (package) . . . . 65, 104
\mancube () . . . . . . . . . . . 79 math-text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \mbbx ( ¯¯ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\manerrarrow (y) . . . . . . . 79 mathabx (package) . . 22, 24, 26, \mbox . .¯¯
˘˘˘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\manfilledquartercircle (!) 79 30–32, 36–38, 40, 42, 43, 49, \measuredangle (>) . . . . . . 63
manfnt (package) 76, 79, 104, 105 51–54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 68, 76, \measuredangle (]) . . . . . . 63
\manhpennib () . . . . . . . . . 79 87, 88, 104, 105, 107 \measuredangle (∡) . . . . . . 63
\manimpossiblecube () . . . 79 \mathaccent . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 mechanical scaling . . . . . 96, 98
\mankidney () . . . . . . . . . . 79 \mathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \medbackslash (∖) . . . . . . . 23
\manlhpenkidney () . . . . . . 79 \mathbbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \medbullet () . . . . . . . . . . 21
121
\medcirc () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Moon (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \nbackcong (≌̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medcircle (◯) . . . . . . . . . . 23 \morepawns (S) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \nbackeqsim (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\moreroom (U) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \nbacksim (*) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\meddiamond (◇) . . . . . . . . . 24
\medlozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . . 74 \Mountain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 81 \nbacksim (∽̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medslash (∕) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 mouse . . . . see \ComputerMouse \nbacksimeq (+) . . . . . . . . . 31
\medsquare (◻) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \MoveDown (») . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \nbacksimeq (⋍̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\medstar (☆) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \moverlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \nbacktriplesim (̸) . . . . . . 33
\medstarofdavid (✡) . . . . . 74 \MoveUp (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \NBSP ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\medtriangledown (▽) . 24, 40 \mp (∓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \nBumpeq ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\medtriangleleft (◁) . 24, 40 \mp (∓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \nBumpeq (≎̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medtriangleright (▷) . 24, 40 \mu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nbumpeq (() . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\medtriangleup (△) . . . 24, 40 \multimap (() . . . . . . . 30, 31 \nbumpeq (≏̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medvert (∣) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \multimap (⊸) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \ncirceq (≗̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\medvertdot () . . . . . . . . . 23 \multimapboth () . . . . . . 31 \ncirclearrowleft (↺̸) . . . 46
\Mercury (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \multimapbothvert () . . . . 31 \ncirclearrowright (↻̸) . . 46
\Mercury (Â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \multimapdot () . . . . . . . . 31 \nclosedequal (̸) . . . . . . . 33
\mercury (') . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \multimapdotboth () . . . . 31 \ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\merge (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \multimapdotbothA () . . . 31 \ncong () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
METAFONT . . . . . 66, 96, 97, 99 \multimapdotbothAvert () . 31 \ncong (≇) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
METAFONTbook symbols . . . 79 \multimapdotbothB () . . . 31 \ncurlyeqprec (¸) . . . . . . . 32
metre (package) . 16, 56, 82, 104, \multimapdotbothBvert () . 31 \ncurlyeqprec (⋞̸) . . . . . . . 33
105 \multimapdotbothvert () . . 31 \ncurlyeqsucc (¹) . . . . . . . 32
metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \multimapdotinv () . . . . . 31 \ncurlyeqsucc (⋟̸) . . . . . . . 33
metrical symbols . . . . . . . . . 82 \multimapinv () . . . . . . . . 31 \ncurvearrowdownup (̸) . . . 44
\mho (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63 multiple accents per character 94 \ncurvearrowleft (↶̸) . . . . 46
micro . . . . . . . . . . see \textmu \Mundus (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \ncurvearrowleftright (̸) 44
\micro (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Museum of Icelandic Sorcery and \ncurvearrownesw (̸) . . . . 44
Witchcraft . . . . . . . . . 86
Microsoft® Windows® . . . 103 \ncurvearrownwse (̸) . . . . 44
musical symbols 19, 62, 63, 78, \ncurvearrowright (↷̸) . . . . 46
\mid (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 54
79 \ncurvearrowrightleft (̸) 44
\middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
musixtex (package) . . . . . . . . 79 \ncurvearrowsenw (̸) . . . . 44
\midtilde ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\muup (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \ncurvearrowswne (̸) . . . . 44
millesimal sign . . . . . . . . . see
\MVAt (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \ncurvearrowupdown (̸) . . . 44
\textperthousand
\MVEight (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndasharrow (⇢̸) . . . . . . . . . 46
\min (min) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 99 \MVFive (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
minim . . . . see musical symbols \ndasheddownarrow (⇣̸) . . . . 44
\MVFour (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndashedleftarrow (⇠̸) . . . . 44
minus . . . . . . . see \textminus \MVNine (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\minus (−) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \ndashednearrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\MVOne (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndashednwarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\minusdot () . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \MVRightarrow (:) . . . . . . . 80
\minushookdown (¬) . . . . . . 63 \ndashedrightarrow (⇢̸) . . . 45
\MVSeven (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndashedsearrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\minushookup (⨼) . . . . . . . . 63 \MVSix (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\minuso (
) . . . . . . . . . 21, 91 \ndashedswarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\MVThree (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndasheduparrow (⇡̸) . . . . . . 45
minutes, angular . . . see \prime \MVTwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
miscellaneous symbols . . 62–64, \ndashleftarrow (⇠̸) . . . . . 46
\MVZero (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ndashrightarrow (⇢̸) . . . . 46
\nDashV (+) . . . . . . . . . . . .
77–86
“Missing $ inserted” . . . . 20 32
N
\Mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 48 \nDashv (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nabla (∇) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\mmappedfromchar () . . . . . . 48 \ndashV (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nabla (∇) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\Mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 48 \ndashv (') . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\NAK (␕) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\ndashv (⊣̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\napprox () . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\ndashVv (/) . . . . . . . . . . .
\mmapstochar () . . . . . . . . . 48
MnSymbol (package) 23, 24, 29, 32
\napprox (≉) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
32, 33, 37, 39, 40, 43–48, 50, \napproxeq (6) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
51, 54, 56–58, 61, 63, 64, 74, \napproxeq (≊̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ndiagdown (̸) . . . . . . . . . 34
104, 105 \nasymp (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ndiagup (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\Mobilefone (H) . . . . . . . . . 69 \nasymp (≭) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \ndivides (∤) . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 nath (package) . . . . . 52, 55, 104 \nDoteq (≑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\models (|=) . . . . . . . . . 30, 90 \natural (\) . . . . . . . . . 62, 78 \ndoteq (≐̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\models (⊧) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \natural (♮) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \ndoublefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48
moduli space . . . see alphabets, natural numbers (N) . . . . . see \ndoublefrowneq (̸) . . . . . . 48
math alphabets, math \ndoublesmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
monetary symbols . . . . . 17, 65 navigation symbols . . . . . . . 79 \ndoublesmileeq (̸) . . . . . . 48
\moo () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \nbackapprox (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \nDownarrow (⇓̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
\Moon (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \nbackapproxeq (̸) . . . . . . . 33 \ndownarrow (↓̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
122
\ndownarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nequiv (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ngtrsim (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ndowndownarrows (⇊̸) . . . . . 45 \nequiv (≢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrsim (!) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\ndownfilledspoon (̸) . . . . 47 \nequivclosed (̸) . . . . . . . 33 \nhateq (≙̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ndownfootline (̸) . . . . . . . 33 \nersquigarrow (¬) . . . . . . 43 \nhookleftarrow (↩̸) . . . . . 46
\ndownfree (⫝̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nespoon (l) . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \nhookrightarrow (↪̸) . . . . 46
\ndownharpoonccw (⇂̸) . . . . . 46 \Neswarrow () . . . . . . . . . 43 \ni (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 92
\ndownharpooncw (⇃̸) . . . . . . 46 \neswarrow (% .) . . . . . . 93, 94 \ni (∋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\ndownlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \neswarrow (⤡) . . . . . . . . . 43 \nialpha () . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ndownmapsto (↧̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \neswarrows () . . . . . . . . 43 \nibar . . . . . . . . see \ownsbar
\neswbipropto () . . . . . . . 23 \nibeta ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ndownModels (̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\ndownmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \neswcrossing () . . . . . . . 33 \NibLeft ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\ndownpitchfork (⫛̸) .
\ndownrsquigarrow (̸)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47
45
\neswharpoonnwse (R)
\neswharpoons (Z) . . .
.
.
.
.
. . 46
. . 46
\NibRight ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 72
nibs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\ndownspoon (⫰̸) . . . . . . . . . 47 \neswharpoonsenw (V) . . . . 46
\NibSolidLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 72
\ndownuparrows (̸) . .
\ndownupharpoons (⥯̸) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
45
46
\Neswline (Ö) . . . . .
\neswline (Ò) . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . 32
. . 32
\NibSolidRight ( ) . . . . . . 72
\ndownVdash (⍑̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \Neutral ({) . . . . . . . . . . . 70 nicefrac (package) . 64, 104, 105
\ndownvdash (⊤̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \neVdash (ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nichi ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\nevdash (Ü) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \niepsilon () . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ndststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nigamma () . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\newextarrow . . . . . . . . . . . 60
\ndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35 \newmoon (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \niiota ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\newmoon ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \nilambda (2) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ndttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\newtie (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \nin (∉) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neq
\nexists (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \niomega (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ne (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nexists (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \niphi (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Nearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nexists (∄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \niplus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\Nearrow (⇗) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \nisigma (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\nfallingdotseq (≒̸) . . . . . . 33
\nearrow (Õ) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \nitheta (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\nfrown (⌢̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nearrow (%) . . . . . . 41, 93, 94 \niupsilon (V) . . . . . . . . . . 12
\nfrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nearrow (↗) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \niv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\nfrowneqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nearrowtail ($) . . . . . . . . 43 \nfrownsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . 48 \nj (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\nefilledspoon (t) . . . . . . 47 \nfrownsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \nlcirclearrowdown (̸) . . 45
\nefootline (|) . . . . . . . . . 32 \NG (Ŋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 9 \nlcirclearrowleft (⤾̸) . . 45
\nefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ng (ŋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 9 \nlcirclearrowright (⟳̸) . 45
\neg (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 \ngeq (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nlcirclearrowup (↻̸) . . . . 45
\neg (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \nlcurvearrowdown (⤸̸) . . . . 45
\ngeq () . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38
negation . . . see \neg and \sim \nlcurvearrowleft (̸) . . . . 45
\ngeq (≱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\neharpoonccw (D) . . . . . . . 46 \nlcurvearrowne (̸) . . . . . 45
\ngeqclosed (⋭) . . . . . . 39, 40
\neharpooncw (L) . . . . . . . . 46 \nlcurvearrownw (̸) . . . . . 45
\ngeqdot (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
\nelsquigarrow (¤) . . . . . . 43
\ngeqq (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nlcurvearrowright (↷̸) . . . 45
\nemapsto (,) . . . . . . . . . . 43 \nlcurvearrowse (̸) . . . . . 45
\neModels (ô) . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ngeqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nlcurvearrowsw (̸) . . . . . 45
\nemodels (ä) . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ngeqq (≧̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nlcurvearrowup (̸) . . . . . . 45
\nenearrows () . . . . . . . . 43 \ngeqslant () . . . . . . . . . 37 \nleadsto (↝̸) . . . . . . . . . . 46
\nepitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47 \ngeqslant (≱) . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nLeftarrow (ö) . . . . . . . . 42
\Neptune (H) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ngeqslantdot (⪀̸) . . . . . . . 39 \nLeftarrow (:) . . . . . . . . 41
\Neptune (È) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ngets (↚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 \nLeftarrow (⇍) . . . . . . . . 45
\neptune ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \ngg (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftarrow (Ú) . . . . . . . . 42
\neq () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \ngg (≫̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftarrow (8) . . . . . . . . 41
\neq (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nggg (⋙̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftarrow (↚) . . . . . . . . . 45
\neq (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \ngtr (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftarrowtail (↢̸) . . . . . 45
\neqbump (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtr (≯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nleftfilledspoon (̸) . . . 47
\neqcirc (≖̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtr (≯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftfootline (̸) . . . . . . 33
\neqdot (⩦̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrapprox (É) . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\neqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \ngtrapprox (#) . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftharpoonccw (↽̸) . . . . 46
\neqsim (≂̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrclosed (⋫) . . . . . . 39, 40 \nleftharpooncw (↼̸) . . . . . 46
\neqslantgtr (¹) . . . . . . . . 38 \ngtrdot (⋗̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftleftarrows (⇇̸) . . . . 45
\neqslantgtr (⪖̸) . . . . . . . . 39 \ngtreqless (⋛̸) . . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . 45
\neqslantless (¸) . . . . . . . 38 \ngtreqlessslant (̸) . . . . . 39 \nleftmapsto (↤̸) . . . . . . . . 45
\neqslantless (⪕̸) . . . . . . . 39 \nleftModels (̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\neqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \ngtreqqless (⪌̸) . . . . . . . . 39 \nleftmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\nequal (≠) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrless (&) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nleftpitchfork (̸) . . . . . 47
\nequalclosed (̸) . . . . . . . 33 \ngtrless (≹) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nLeftrightarrow (ø) . . . . 42
123
\nLeftrightarrow (<) . . . . 41 \nndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \NoIroning (²) . . . . . . . . . 80
\nLeftrightarrow (⇎) . . . . 45 \nNearrow (⇗̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 non-commutative division . . 60
\nleftrightarrow (Ü) . . . . 42 \nnearrow (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 42 nonbreaking space . . . . . . . . 69
\nleftrightarrow (=) . 20, 41 \nnearrow (↗̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 norm . . see \lVert and \rVert
\nleftrightarrow (↮) . . . . 45 \nnearrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 44
\nnefilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47
\NoSun ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nleftrightarrows (⇆̸) . . . . 45 not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \neg
\nleftrightharpoondownup (⥊̸) \nnefootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 92
. . . . . . . . . 46 \nnefree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 not equal (= vs. =) . . . . . . . 32
\nleftrightharpoons (⇋̸) . . 46 \nneharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46 \notasymp () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nleftrightharpoonupdown (⥋̸) \nneharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46 \notbackslash (−) \ . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . . . . 46 \nnelsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 44 \notbot (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nLeftrightline (̸) . . . . . 33 \nnemapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \notdivides () . . . . . . . . . 32
\nleftrightline (̸) . . . . . 33 \nneModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \notequiv () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nleftrightsquigarrow (̸) 46 \nnemodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \notin (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleftrsquigarrow (↜̸) . . . . 45 \nnenearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \notin (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleftspoon (⟜̸) . . . . . . . . 47 \nnepitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47 \notin (6∈) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleftVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nnersquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \notin (∉) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleftvdash (⊣̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nnespoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \notni (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleq (¦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nNeswarrow (̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \notowner (S) . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleq () . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38 \nneswarrow (⤡̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \notowns . . see \notowner and
\nleq (≰) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nneswarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \notni
\nleqclosed (⋬) . . . . . . 39, 40 \nneswharpoonnwse (̸) . . . 46 \notperp (M) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nleqdot (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nneswharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46 \notslash (−) / . . . . . . . . . . 68
\nleqq (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nneswharpoonsenw (̸) . . . 46 \notsmallin () . . . . . . . . . 51
\nNeswline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \notsmallowns () . . . . . . . . 51
\nleqq () . . . . . . . . . . ... 37
\nneswline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nottop (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleqq (≦̸) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39 \nneVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \NoTumbler () . . . . . . . . . . 80
\nleqslant (
) . . . . . . ... 37 \nnevdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \novelty (N) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\nleqslant (≰) . . . . . . . ... 39 \nnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nowns (∌) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\nleqslantdot (⩿̸) . . . . ... 39 \nparallel (∦) . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nless (¢) . . . . . . . . . . ... 38 \nparallel (∦) . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nless (≮) . . . . . . . . . . ... 37 \nnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34
\nNwarrow (⇖̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45 \nperp (⊥̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
\nless (≮) . . . . . . . . . . ... 39 \npitchfork (⋔̸) . . . . . . . . . 47
\nnwarrow (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\nlessapprox (È) . . . . . ... 38 \nplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nnwarrow (↖̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nlessapprox (") . . . . . ... 38
\nnwarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nprec (¢) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nlessclosed (⋪) . . . . . 39, 40 \nprec (⊀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nnwfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47
\nlessdot (⋖̸) . . . . . . . . ... 39 \nprec (⊀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nnwfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\nlesseqgtr (⋚̸) . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nprecapprox (È) . . . . . . . . 32
\nlesseqgtrslant (̸) . . . . . 39 \nnwharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46 \nprecapprox (7) . . . . . . . . 31
\nnwharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46 \nprecapprox (⪷̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\nlesseqqgtr (⪋̸) . . . . . . . . 39
\nnwlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \npreccurlyeq (¦) . . . . . . . 32
\nlessgtr (') . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwmapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \npreccurlyeq ($) . . . . . . . 31
\nlessgtr (≸) . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \npreccurlyeq (⋠) . . . . . . . 33
\nlesssim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \npreceq (ª) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nlesssim ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nnwnwarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \npreceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nlhookdownarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nnwpitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47 \npreceq (⪯̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nlhookleftarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nnwrsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \npreceqq (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nlhooknearrow (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nNwsearrow (̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \nprecsim (Â) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nlhooknwarrow (⤣̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwsearrow (⤢̸) . . . . . . . . 45 \nprecsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nlhookrightarrow (↪̸) . . . . 44 \nnwsearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nprecsim (≾̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nlhooksearrow (⤥̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoonnesw (̸) . . . 46 \nrcirclearrowdown (̸) . . 45
\nlhookswarrow (̸) . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46 \nrcirclearrowleft (⟲̸) . . 45
\nlhookuparrow (̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nnwseharpoonswne (̸) . . . 46 \nrcirclearrowright (⤿̸) . 45
\nll (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \nNwseline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nrcirclearrowup (↺̸) . . . . 45
\nll (≪̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwseline (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nrcurvearrowdown (⤹̸) . . . . 45
\nLleftarrow (⇚̸) . . . . . . . . 44 \nnwspoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \nrcurvearrowleft (↶̸) . . . . 45
\nlll (⋘̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 \nnwVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nrcurvearrowne (̸) . . . . . 45
\nmapsto (↦̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 46 \nnwvdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nrcurvearrownw (̸) . . . . . 45
\nmid (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \NoBleech (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . 80 \nrcurvearrowright (̸) . . . 45
\nmid (∤) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \NoChemicalCleaning (¨) . . 80 \nrcurvearrowse (̸) . . . . . 45
\nmodels (⊭) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 nointegrals (wasysym package op- \nrcurvearrowsw (̸) . . . . . 45
\nmultimap (⊸̸) . . . . . . . . . 47 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \nrcurvearrowup (̸) . . . . . . 45
124
\nRelbar (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nshortparallel (∦) . . . . . . 33 \nsubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrelbar (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 34 \nsim () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsubset (⊄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrestriction (↾̸) . . . . . . . 46 \nsim (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \nsubseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrhookdownarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nsim (≁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nsubseteq (*) . . . . . . . . . 36
\nrhookleftarrow (↩̸) . . . . 45 \nsimeq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \nsubseteq (⊈) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrhooknearrow (⤤̸) . . . . . . 45 \nsimeq (;) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \nsubseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrhooknwarrow (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nsimeq (≄) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nsubseteqq (") . . . . . . . . . 36
\nrhookrightarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nsmile (⌣̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \nsubseteqq (⫅̸) . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrhooksearrow (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48 \nsucc (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nrhookswarrow (⤦̸) . . . . . . 45 \nsmileeqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \nsucc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nrhookuparrow (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nsmilefrown (≭) . . . . . . . . 48 \nsucc (⊁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nRightarrow (÷) . . . . . . . . 42 \nsmilefrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . 48 \nsuccapprox (É) . . . . . . . . 32
\nRightarrow (;) . . . . . . . 41 \nsqdoublefrown (̸) . . . . . . 48 \nsuccapprox (8) . . . . . . . . 31
\nRightarrow (⇏) . . . . . . . . 45 \nsqdoublefrowneq (̸) . . . . 48 \nsuccapprox (⪸̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\nrightarrow (Û) . . . . . . . . 42 \nsqdoublesmile (̸) . . . . . . 48 \nsucccurlyeq (§) . . . . . . . 32
\nrightarrow (9) . . . . . . . 41 \nsqdoublesmileeq (̸) . . . . 48 \nsucccurlyeq (%) . . . . . . . 31
\nrightarrow (↛) . . . . . . . . 45 \nsqeqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48 \nsucccurlyeq (⋡) . . . . . . . 33
\nrightarrowtail (↣̸) . . . . 45 \nsqeqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48 \nsucceq («) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\nrightfilledspoon (̸) . . 47 \nsqfrown (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nsucceq () . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\nrightfootline (̸) . . . . . 33 \nsqfrowneq (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nsucceq (⪰̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nrightfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nsqfrowneqsmile (̸) . . . . . 48
\nsucceqq (:) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nsuccsim (Ã) . . . . .
\nrightharpoonccw (⇀̸) . . . . 46 \nsqfrownsmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
. . . . . 32
\nrightharpooncw (⇁̸) . . . . 46 \nsqsmile (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 48
\nsuccsim () . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\nrightleftarrows (⇄̸) . . . . 44 \nsqsmileeq (̸) . . . . . . . . . 48
\nsuccsim (≿̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nrightleftharpoons (⇌̸) . . 46 \nsqsmileeqfrown (̸) . . . . . 48
\nSupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightlsquigarrow (↝̸) . . . 44 \nsqsmilefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nSupset (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
\nrightmapsto (↦̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nSqsubset (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightModels (⊯) . . . . . . . 33 \nsqSubset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nSupset (⋑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nsqsubset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nsupset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightmodels (⊭) . . . . . . . 33
\nsqsubset (a) . . . . . . . . . . 36 \nsupset (⊅) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightpitchfork (̸) . . . . 47
\nsqsubset (⊏̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nsupseteq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightrightarrows (⇉̸) . . . 44
\nrightrsquigarrow (̸) . . . 44 \nsqsubseteq () . . . . . . . . 37 \nsupseteq (+) . . . . . . . . . 36
\nrightspoon (⊸̸) . . . . . . . . 47 \nsqsubseteq (@) . . . . . . . . 36 \nsupseteq (⊉) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightsquigarrow (↝̸) . . . . 46 \nsqsubseteq (⋢) . . . . . . . . 37 \nsupseteqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrightVdash (⊮) . . . . . . . . 33 \nsqsubseteqq () . . . . . . . 37 \nsupseteqq (#) . . . . . . . . . 36
\nrightvdash (⊬) . . . . . . . . 33 \nsqsubseteqq (̸) . . . . . . . 37 \nsupseteqq (⫆̸) . . . . . . . . . 37
\nrisingdotseq (≓̸) . . . . . . . 33 \nSqsupset (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nSwarrow (⇙̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nRrightarrow (⇛̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nsqSupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nswarrow (↙̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45
\nsqsupset () . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nswarrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nswfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47
\nsqsupset (b) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\nSearrow (⇘̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \nswfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33
\nsqsupset (⊐̸) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\nsqsupseteq () . . . . . . . .
\nsearrow (↘̸) . . . . . . . . . . 44 \nswfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
37
\nsearrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 44 \nswharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nsqsupseteq (A) . . . . . . . . 36
\nsefilledspoon (̸) . . . . . 47 \nswharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46
\nsqsupseteq (⋣) . . . . . . . . 37
\nsqsupseteqq () . . . . . . .
\nsefootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \nswlsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
37
\nsefree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nswmapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45
\nsqsupseteqq (̸) . . . . . . . 37
\nseharpoonccw (̸) . . . . . . 46 \nswModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nsqtriplefrown (̸) . . . . . . 48
\nseharpooncw (̸) . . . . . . . 46 \nswmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nsqtriplesmile (̸) . . . . . . 48
\nselsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 44 \nswnearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsquigarrowdownup (̸) . . 45
\nsemapsto (̸) . . . . . . . . . 45 \nswneharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46
\nsquigarrowleftright (̸) 45
\nseModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nswpitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47
\nsquigarrownesw (̸) . . . . 45
\nsemodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \nswrsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45
\nsquigarrownwse (̸) . . . . . 45
\nsenwarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nsquigarrowrightleft (̸) 45 \nswspoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nsenwharpoons (̸) . . . . . . 46 \nsquigarrowsenw (̸) . . . . 45 \nswswarrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsepitchfork (̸) . . . . . . . 47 \nsquigarrowswne (̸) . . . . 45 \nswVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nsersquigarrow (̸) . . . . . 45 \nsquigarrowupdown (̸) . . . 45 \nswvdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33
\nsesearrows (̸) . . . . . . . 45
\nsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \ntdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34
\nsespoon (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 47
\nseVdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 34 ntheorem (package) . . . . . . . 62
\nsevdash (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \nthickapprox (5) . . . . . . . 31
\nshortmid (.) . . . . . . . . . . 30 \nSubset () . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \nto (↛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\nshortmid (∤) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \nSubset (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \ntriangleeq (≜̸) . . . . . . . . 40
\nshortparallel (/) . . . . . . 30 \nSubset (⋐̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 \ntriangleleft () . . . . . . 40
125
\ntriangleleft (6) . . . . . . 39 \nuppitchfork (⋔̸) . . . . . .. 47 \obackslash (n) . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntriangleleft (⋪) . . . . 39, 40 \nuprsquigarrow (̸) . . . . .. 45 \obackslash (⦸) . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntrianglelefteq () . . . . 40 \nupspoon (⫯̸) . . . . . . . . . .. 47 \obar (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ntrianglelefteq (5) . . . . 39 \nupuparrows (⇈̸) . . . . . . .. 45 \Obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\ntrianglelefteq (⋬) . . 39, 40 \nupVdash (⍊̸) . . . . . . . . .. 33 \obelus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\ntrianglelefteqslant (R) 40 \nupvdash (⊥̸) . . . . . . . . . .. 33 \Obelus* ( ·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\ntriangleright () . . . . . 40 \nuup (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 \obelus* ( ·· ) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\ntriangleright (7) . . . . . 39 \nvargeq («) . . . . . . . . . .. 38 \oblong (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ntriangleright (⋫) . . . 39, 40 \nvarleq (ª) . . . . . . . . . .. 38 \obot (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteq () . . . . 40 \nvarparallel () . . . . . .. 31 \obslash (;) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\nvarparallelinv () . . . .. 31 \oc () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\nVDash (*) . . . . . . .
\ntrianglerighteq (4) . . . 39
. . . .. 32 \ocirc (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteq (⋭) . 39, 40
\nVDash (3) . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 \ocirc (⊚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntrianglerighteqslant (S) 40
\nVDash (⊯) . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 \ocircle (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ntriplefrown (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nVdash (.) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \ocoasterisk (g) . . . . . . . . 24
\ntriplesim (≋̸) . . . . . . . . . 33
\nVdash (1) . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 \octagon (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\ntriplesmile (̸) . . . . . . . 48
\nVdash (⊮) . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 \Octosteel (‘) . . . . . . . . . . 70
\ntststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nvDash (*) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \od (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\nttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\nvDash (2) . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 \odiv˚(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nvDash (⊭) . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 \odot (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \nvdash (&) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \odot () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\ntwoheaddownarrow (↡̸) . . . 45 \nvdash (0) . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 \odot (⊙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntwoheadleftarrow (h) . . . 31 \nvdash (⊬) . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
\odplus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\ntwoheadleftarrow (↞̸) . . 45 \nVvash (.) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \OE (Œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 103
\ntwoheadnearrow (̸) . . . . 45 \Nwarrow (v) . . . . . . . . . .. 42 \oe (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 103
\ntwoheadnwarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \Nwarrow (⇖) . . . . . . . . . .. 43 \officialeuro (e) . . . . . . . 17
\ntwoheadrightarrow (g) . . 31 \nwarrow (Ô) . . . . . . . . . .. 42 \offinterlineskip . . . . . . . 91
\ntwoheadrightarrow (↠̸) . . 45 \nwarrow (-) . . . . . . . . 41, 93 ogonek . . . . . . . . . see accents
\ntwoheadsearrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nwarrow (↖) . . . . . . . . . .. 43 \ogreaterthan (=) . . . . . . . 21
\ntwoheadswarrow (̸) . . . . 45 \nwarrowtail (%) . . . . . . .. 43 {
\ohill (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\ntwoheaduparrow (↟̸) . . . . . 45 \nwfilledspoon (u) . . . . .. 47 ohm . . . . . . . . . . see \textohm
\nu (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \nwfootline (}) . . . . . . . .. 32 \ohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\nwfree (
) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
nuclear power plant . see \SNPP \Ohne (a/) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\nwharpoonccw (E) . . . . . .. 46
\NUL (␀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \OHORN (Ơ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\nwharpooncw (M) . . . . . . .. 46
null set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63 \ohorn (ơ)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\nwlsquigarrow (¥) . . . . .. 43
number . . . . . see \textnumero \oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\nwmapsto (-) . . . . . . . . .. 43
number sets see alphabets, math
\nwModels (õ) . . . . . . . . .. 32 \oiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
numbers . . . . . . . . . . see digits L
\nwmodels (å) . . . . . . . . .. 32 \oiiintclockwise ( ) . . . . 27
circled . . . . . . . . . . 73, 76
\nwnwarrows () . . . . . . .. 43 D
\NumLock ( Num ) . . . . . . . . 69 \oiiintctrclockwise ( ) . 27
\nwpitchfork () . . . . . . .. 47 ·
\nUparrow (⇑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 45 \oiint () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
\nwrsquigarrow () . . . . .. 43
\nuparrow (↑̸) . . . . . . . . . . . 45 \oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 25, 27
\Nwsearrow () . . . . . . . .. 43 ‚
\nuparrowtail (̸) . . . . . . . 45 \oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\nwsearrow (-&) . . . . . . . .. 93
\nUpdownarrow (⇕̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nwsearrow (⤢) . . . . . . . .. 43 \oiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nupdownarrow (↕̸) . . . . . . . 45 \nwsearrows () . . . . . . .. 43 \oiint (∯) . . . . .H. . . . . ... 29
\nupdownarrows (̸) . . . . . . 45 \nwsebipropto () . . . . . .. 23 \oiintclockwise ( ) . . ... 27
\nupdownharpoonleftright (̸) \nwsecrossing () . . . . . .. 32 @
. . . . . . . . . 46 \oiintctrclockwise ( ) .. 27
\nwseharpoonnesw (S) . . .. 46 ¶
\nupdownharpoonrightleft (̸) \oint (H) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 26
\nwseharpoons (_) . . . . . .. 46
. . . . . . . . . 46 \nwseharpoonswne (W) . . .. 46 \oint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25
\nupdownharpoons (⥮̸) . . . . . 46 \Nwseline (×) . . . . . . . . .. 32 \oint (∮) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\nUpdownline (∦) . . . . . . . . 33 \nwseline (Ó) . . . . . . . . .. 32 \ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . 27
\nupdownline (∤) . . . . . . . . 33 ı
\nwspoon (m) . . . . . . . . . .. 47 \ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 28
\nupfilledspoon (̸) . . . . . . 47
\nwVdash (í) . . . . . . . . . .. 32 \ointclockwise ( ) . . . . . . . 29
\nupfootline (̸) . . . . . . . . 33 \nwvdash (Ý) . . . . . . . . . .. 32
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 27
\nupfree (̸) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 28
\nupharpoonccw (↿̸) . . . . . . . 46 O
\nupharpooncw (↾̸) . . . . . . . 46 \O (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \ointctrclockwise ( ) . . . . 29
\nuplsquigarrow (̸) . . . . . . 45 \o (ø) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 old-style digits . . . . . . . . . . . 18
\nupmapsto (↥̸) . . . . . . . . . . 45 o (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \oldstylenums . . . . . . . . . . 18
\nupModels (̸) . . . . . . . . . 33 \oast (⊛) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \oleft (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\nupmodels (̸) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \oasterisk (f) . . . . . . . . . . 24 \olessthan (<) . . . . . . . . . . 21
126
\Omega (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \overline ( ) . . . . . . . . 20, 57 cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\omega (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \overlinesegment (z x) . . . . 58 cclicenses . . . . 18, 104, 105
\omegaup (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 z{ centernot . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\overparenthesis ( ) . 95, 96
\ominus (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ⇒) . chancery . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\Overrightarrow (= . . . . 57
\ominus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 chemarr . . . . . 59, 104, 105
overrightarrow (package) 57, 104 chemarrow . . . . 47, 60, 104
\ominus (⊖) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\overrightarrow (− →) . . . . . 57
\overrightharpoon (Ð ⇀)
\onlymove (F) . . . . . . . . . . 82 cmll . . . 20, 23, 30, 36, 104
\oo ( ◦◦) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 . . . . 58 dblaccnt . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
\oo (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \overring (x) . . . . . . . . . . 16 dictsym . . . . . 84, 104, 105
\ooalign . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 92 \overset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 dingbat 72, 77, 88, 104, 105
\open (z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \overt (⦶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 dsfont . . . . . . . . . 65, 104
open unit disk (D) . . . . . . see \ovoid (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 epsdice . . . . . . 81, 104, 105
alphabets, math \owedge (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 esint . . . . . . . . . . 28, 104
\openJoin ([) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \owns . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \ni esvect . . . . . . . . . 59, 104
\openo (=) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \owns (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 eufrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\owns (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 eurosym . . . . . 17, 104, 105
\openo (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\owns (∋) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 euscript . . . . . 65, 104, 105
\openo (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\ownsbar (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 extarrows . . . . 60, 104, 105
\opentimes (]) . . . . . . . . . . 31
operators extpfeil . . . . . . 60, 104, 105
P extraipa . . . . . . . . 15, 104
binary . . . . . . . . . . 20–24
\P (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 102 fc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 13
logical see logical operators
\p ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 fclfont . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
\p@ ˙. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
set . . . . . see set operators
unary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 feyn . . . . . . . . 70, 104, 105
package options fge . 47, 52, 56, 62, 64, 104,
\oplus (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
a (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 105
\oplus (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 90
b (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 fixmath . . . . . . . . . . . 100
\oplus (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
bbgreekl (mathbbol) . . . 65 fontenc . . . . . 7, 9, 13, 103
\opposbishops (o) . . . . . . . 82
c (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 gensymb . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\opposition (W) . . . . . . . . 68
crescent (fge) . . . . . . . . 56 graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
optical scaling . . . . . . . . . . . 96
d (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 graphicx . . . . . . . 16, 87, 90
options . . . see package options
e (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 harmony . . . . . 79, 104, 105
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \vee
f (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 hieroglf . . . . . 84, 104, 105
\oright (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
\OrnamentDiamondSolid ( ) 77 q g (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59
german (keystroke) . . . . 69
holtpolt . . . . . . . . 60, 104
ifsym 67, 75, 80, 81, 88, 90,
orthogonal to . . . . . . see \bot h (esvect) . . . . . . . . . . . 59 104, 105
\oslash (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 integrals (wasysym) . . . . 25 igo . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 104
\oslash () . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mathcal (euscript) . . . . . 65 isoent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
\oslash (⊘) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 mathscr (euscript) . . . . . 65 keystroke . . . . 69, 104, 105
\ostar (⍟) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 nointegrals (wasysym) . . 25 latexsym . 20, 30, 36, 41, 62,
\otimes (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 sans (dsfont) . . . . . . . . . 65 87, 104, 105
\otimes (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 varg (txfonts/pxfonts) . . 50 manfnt . . . 76, 79, 104, 105
\otimes (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 packages marvosym 17, 62, 64, 68–71,
\otop (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 longdiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 76, 79, 80, 88
\otriangle (d) . . . . . . . 24, 40 accents . . . 56, 94, 104, 105 matbbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\otriangleup (o) . . . . . . . . 24 amsbsy . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 mathabx . . . . . . 22, 24, 26,
ovals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 amsfonts 20, 30, 36, 41, 62, 30–32, 36–38, 40, 42, 43, 49,
\ovee (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 65 51–54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 68, 76,
_
\overarc (a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 amsmath . 7, 49, 56, 91, 99 87, 88, 104, 105, 107
hkkikkj
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . 58 amssymb . 7, 20, 30, 36, 41, mathbbol . . . . . . . . . . . 65
© 56, 62, 65, 104, 105, 107 mathcomp . . . . . . . . . . 62
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 58 amstext . . . . . . . . . 92, 93
z}|{ mathdesign . 17, 23, 29, 51,
\overbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . 58 ar . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 104 55, 64, 104
\overbrace (
z}|{
) . . . . . . . . 57 arcs . . . . . . . . 16, 104, 105 mathdots 56, 61, 62, 94, 104,
arev . . . . . 64, 78, 104, 105 105
\overbracket ( ) . . . . . . . . 58 ascii . . . . 69, 101, 104, 105 mathrsfs . . . . . . . . 65, 104
\overbracket ”( ) . . . . . 95, 96 bbding . 71–75, 77, 88, 104, mathtools . . 34, 58, 59, 104,
\overbridge (a) . . . . . . . . . 15 105 105
hkkk j
\overgroup ( ) ...... . . 58 bbm . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 104 mbboard . . . . . . . . 65, 104
³µ bbold . . . . . . . . . . 65, 104 metre . 16, 56, 82, 104, 105
\overgroup ( ) . . . . . . . . . 58 bm . . . . . . . 100, 104, 105 MnSymbol . . . . 23, 24, 29,
\overleftarrow (←
−) . . . . . . 57 braket . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 32, 33, 37, 39, 40, 43–48, 50,
\overleftharpoon (↼
Ð) . . . . 58 calligra . . . . . . 65, 104, 105 51, 54, 56–58, 61, 63, 64, 74,
\overleftrightarrow (← →) . 58 calrsfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 104, 105
127
musixtex . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \PaperPortrait ( ) . . . . . . 81 pawn . . . . . . see chess symbols
nath . . . . . . . . . 52, 55, 104 par . . . . . . . . . . . . see \invamp \Peace ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
nicefrac . . . . . 64, 104, 105 paragraph mark . . . . . . . see \P \PencilLeft () . . . . . . . . 72
ntheorem . . . . . . . . . . . 62 parallel . see also \varparallel
\PencilLeftDown () . . . . . 72
\PencilLeftUp () . . . . . . .
overrightarrow . . . . 57, 104 \parallel (k) . . . . . . . . 30, 54
72
\PencilRight () . . . . . . .
phaistos . . . . . 83, 104, 105 \parallel (∥) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
phonetic . . . 12, 15, 90, 104 \ParallelPort (Ñ) . . . . . . . 69 72
pifont 9, 71–75, 77, 90, 104, \parr (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \PencilRightDown () . . . . 72
\PencilRightUp () . . . . . .
105 \partial (B ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
72
polynom . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \partial (∂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
pencils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
protosem . . . . 83, 104, 105 \partialslash (C ) . . . . . . . 51
\pentagon (D) . . . . . . . . . . 74
psnfss . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \partialvardint (∫…∫) . . . . 64
\pentagram () . . . . . . . . . . 24
pxfonts . . 20, 21, 27, 30, 31, \partialvardlanddownint (⨚) 64
people . . . . . . . . . . . . see faces
36, 38, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51, 62, \partialvardlandupint (⨙) 64
percent sign . . . . . . . . . see \%
63, 65, 87, 101 \partialvardlcircleleftint
\permil (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
rotating . . . . . . . . . 18, 69 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\Perp (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
savesym . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \partialvardlcircleleftint
semtrans . 13, 16, 104, 105 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \perp (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 93
simplewick . . . . . . . . . . 96 \partialvardlcirclerightint \perp (⊥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
simpsons . . . . . . . 85, 104 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \perthousand (‰) . . . . . . . 67
skak . . . . . . . . 82, 104, 105 \partialvardlcirclerightint \Pfund (£) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
skull . . . . . . . . 76, 104, 105 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \PgDown ( Page ↓ ) . . . . . . . 69
slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 \partialvardoiint (∯) . . . 64 \PgUp ( Page ↑ ) . . . . . . . . . 69
staves . . . . . . . . . 85, 104 \partialvardoint (∮) . . . . . 64 phaistos (package) . 83, 104, 105
stmaryrd . . . . . . 21, 25, 30, \partialvardrcircleleftint Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
36, 40, 42, 48, 52, 53, 88, 91, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 pharmaceutical prescription see
104, 105 \partialvardrcircleleftint \textrecipe
t4phonet . 13, 16, 104, 105 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
textcomp . . . . . . . . . . . 7, \partialvardrcirclerightint \PHarrow (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
8, 13, 17–19, 41, 56, 64, 67, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\PHbee (h) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
78, 87, 101, 103–105 \partialvardrcirclerightint
timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \PHbeehive (X) . . . . . . . . 83
tipa . 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 90, \partialvardstrokedint (⨏) 64
104, 105 \partialvardsumint (⨋) . . . 64 \PHboomerang (R) . . . . . . . 83
tipx . . . . . . . . 11, 104, 105 \partialvartint (∫…∫) . . . . . 64
trfsigns . . . . 35, 51, 60, 104 \partialvartlanddownint (⨚) 64 \PHbow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
trsym . . . . . . . 35, 104, 105 \partialvartlandupint (⨙) 64
\PHbullLeg (b) . . . . . . . . . . 83
turnstile . . 34, 35, 104, 105 \partialvartlcircleleftint
txfonts 20, 21, 27, 30, 31, 36, (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \PHcaptive (D) . . . . . . . . . 83
38, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51, 62, 63, \partialvartlcircleleftint
65, 87, 89, 101, 104, 105 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \PHcarpentryPlane (S) . . . 83
type1cm . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \partialvartlcirclerightint
\PHcat (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
ulsy . . . . . . 24, 48, 90, 104 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
underscore . . . . . . . . . . . 8 \partialvartlcirclerightint \PHchild (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
undertilde . . . . 59, 104, 105 (∲) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \partialvartoiint (∯) . . . 64 \PHclub (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
universa . . 76, 80, 104, 105 \partialvartoint (∮) . . . . . 64
universal 71, 73, 76, 80, 104, \partialvartrcircleleftint \PHcolumn (W) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
105 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\PHcomb (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
upgreek . . . . . 50, 104, 105 \partialvartrcircleleftint
upquote . . . . . . . . . . . 101 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \PHdolium (T) . . . . . . . . . . 83
url . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 \partialvartrcirclerightint
vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . 104 (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \PHdove (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
vntex . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 13 \partialvartrcirclerightint \PHeagle (e) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
wasysym . 12, 17, 19–21, 25, (∳) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
30, 36, 38, 41, 61–63, 67, 68, \partialvartstrokedint (⨏) 64 \PHflute (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
70, 73, 74, 78, 88, 104, 105 \partialvartsumint (⨋) . . . 64
\PHgaunlet (H) . . . . . . . . . 83
wsuipa 11, 15, 16, 88, 90, 94, particle-physics symbols . . . . 70
104, 105 parts per thousand . . . . . . see
\PHgrater (p) . . . . . . . . . . 83
yfonts . . . . . . 65, 104, 105 \textperthousand
yhmath 57, 59, 62, 94, 104 \partvoice (a –ˇ») . . . . . . . . . . 15 \PHhelmet (G) . . . . . . . . . . 83
Pakin, Scott . . . . . . . . . 1, 104 \partvoiceless (a
– ») . . . . . . . 15
\PaperLandscape ( ) . . . . . 81 \passedpawn (r) ˚. . . . . . . . . 82 \PHhide (a) . . . . . . . . . . . 83
128
pitchfork symbols . . . . . . . . 47 \precnapprox (Ê) . . . . . . . . 32
\PHhorn (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
\piup (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \precnapprox () . . . . . . . . 30
\Phi (Φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\planck (h̄) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \precnapprox (⪹) . . . . . . . . 33
\phi (φ) . .
\phiup (φ)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
49
50
\Plane ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 \precneq (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\precneqq () . . . . . . . . . . 31
planets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\PHlid (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 playing cards . . . . see card suits \precnsim (Ä) . . . . . . . . . . 32
Plimsoll line 91, see also \minuso \precnsim () . . . . . . . . . . 30
\PHlily (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
'
\Plus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\precnsim (⋨) . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\precsim (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 31
\PHmanacles (N) . . . . . . . . 83 \plus (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\precsim (-) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
plus-or-minus sign . . . . see \pm
\PHmattock (O) . . . . . . . . . 83
(
\PlusCenterOpen ( ) . . . . . 72
\precsim (≾) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
prescription . . see \textrecipe
\pluscirc ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 22
\Phone ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
&
\phone () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \prime (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\PhoneHandset ( ) . . . . . . . 77
\PlusOutline ( ) . . . . . . . . 72
plusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
\prime (′) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\Printer (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . 69
phonetic (package) 12, 15, 90, 104
\PlusThinCenterOpen ( ) . . 72) printer’s fist . . . . . . . . see fists
\Pluto (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
phonetic symbols . . . . . . 10–13
probabilistic
Q independence . . 93
\photon (::::) . . . . . . . . . 67
\Pluto (É) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \prod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \prod (∏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
\pluto (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\PHoxBack (n) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \pm (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \projlim (proj lim) . . . . . . . 49
\pm (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 pronunciation symbols . . . . see
\PHpapyrus (k) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \pm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 phonetic symbols
\pmb ¯
˙. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 proof, end of . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\PHpedestrian (A) . . . . . . 83
\pmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \propto (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \propto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
\PHplaneTree (i) . . . . . . . . 83
\pointer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \propto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
pointing finger . . . . . . . see fists proto-Semitic symbols . . . . . 83
\PHplumedHead (B) . . . . . 83
protosem (package) 83, 104, 105
\PHram (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \Pointinghand (Z) . . . . . . . 76
\ProvidesPackage . . . . . . . 104
\polishhook (~) . . . . . . . . . 16
\PHrosette (l) . . . . . . . . . 83 \PrtSc ( PrtSc ) . . . . . . . . . 69
\polter ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \ps ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\PHsaw (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \Psi (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\PHshield (L) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \psi (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
polynom (package) . . . . . . . . 57
\PHship (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \psiup (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
polynomial division . . . . . . . 57
psnfss (package) . . . . . . . . . . 73
\PHsling (V) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 PostScript 50, 66, 71, 81, 90, 99
\Pu (‰ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
PostScript fonts . . . . . . . 71, 90
pulse diagram symbols . . . . . 67
\PHsmallAxe (r) . . . . . . . . 83 \pounds (£) . . . . . . 8, 102, 103
$
\PulseHigh ( ) . . . . . . . . . 67
\PHstrainer (q) . . . . . . . 83 power set (P) . . see alphabets,
math
%
\PulseLow ( ) . . . . . . . . . 67
punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
\PHtattooedHead (C) . . . . 83 \powerset (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \pwedge (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Pp ( ˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 pxfonts (package) 20, 21, 27, 30,
\PHtiara (I) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \pp ( ˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51,
\PHtunny (g) . . . . . . . . . . 83 \ppm ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Ppp ( ¯
62, 63, 65, 87, 101
\PHvine (j) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 ˙˙ \Pxp ( ˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\ppp ( ˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \pxp ( ˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
˙
\Pppp ( ˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 ˙
\PHwavyBand (s) . . . . . . . . . 83 ˙
\pppp ( ˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
˙ Q
\PHwoman (F) . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \Ppppp ( ˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Q.E.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
˙
\ppppp ( ˙˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
physical symbols . . . . . . . . . 67 ˙ \qside (M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\Pi (Π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Pr (Pr) .˙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \Quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\pi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \prec (≺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \quadrad (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
\Pickup (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \prec (≺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \Quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
pifont (package) 9, 71–75, 77, 90, \precapprox (Æ) . . . . . . . . . 31 \quadras ([[) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
104, 105 \precapprox (w) . . . . . . . . . 30 quarter note see musical symbols
pilcrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . see \P \precapprox (⪷) . . . . . . . . . 32 \quarternote (♩) . . . . . . . . 78
pipe . . . . . . . . . see \textpipe \preccurlyeq (¤) . . . . . . . . 31 \quarternote (♩) . . . . . . . . . 78
\Pisces (ë) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \preccurlyeq (4) . . . . . . . . 30 quaternions (H) see alphabets,
\pisces (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \preccurlyeq (≼) . . . . . . . . 32 math
\Pisymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \precdot (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 quaver . . . see musical symbols
\pitchfork (&) . . . . . . . . . . 63 \preceq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 queen . . . . . . see chess symbols
\pitchfork (t) . . . . . . . . . . 30 \preceq (⪯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \quotedblbase („) . . . . . 9, 103
\pitchfork (⋔) . . . . . . . . . . 47 \preceqq () . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \quotesinglbase (‚) . . . 9, 103
129
R \Rectsteel (”) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \rhoup (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
\R ( ∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 reduced quadrupole moment see \right . . . . . . . . 53, 55, 87, 89
\r (å) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \rqm \rightangle (∟) . . . . . . . .. 64
\r ( ∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \reflectbox . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \RIGHTarrow () . . . . . . . .. 78
\Radiation ( ) . . . . . . . . . 81 registered trademark . . . . . see \Rightarrow (⇒) . . . . .
\Rightarrow (⇒) . . . . . .
20,
..
41
43
radicals . . see \sqrt and \surd \textregistered
\Radioactivity (j) . . . . . . 70 relational symbols . . . . . . . . 30 \rightarrow (Ñ) . . . . . . .. 42
\Rain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 binary 30–32, 34–39, 47, 48 \rightarrow (→) . . . . . . .. 41
\RainCloud ( ) . . . . . . . . . 80
negated binary . . . . 30–33
triangle . . . . . . . . . 39, 40
\rightarrow (→) . . . . . . .
\rightarrowtail () . . .
..
..
43
41
raising . . . . . see \textraising \rightarrowtail (↣) . . . .. 43
\Relbar (=) . . . . . . . . . 48, 90
\RaisingEdge ( ) . . . . . . . . 67 \rightarrowtriangle (_) .. 42
\Relbar (Ô) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\Rangle (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\relbar (−) . . . . . . . . . 48, 90 \rightbarharpoon (Ý) . . .. 43
\rAngle (ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \RIGHTCIRCLE (H) . . . . . . .. 78
\relbar (Ð) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
\rangle (i) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 53 \RIGHTcircle (H #) . . . . . . .. 78
\resizebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
\Respondens (∼) . . . . . . . . . 82 \Rightcircle (J) . . . . . . .. 78
?
\rangle (⟩) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\respondens ( ∼) . . . . . . . . . 82 \RightDiamondÑ ( ) . . . . . .. 75
\ranglebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . 54 \restoresymbol . . . . . . . . . 87 Ñ
\restriction . . . . . . . . . . see \rightevaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . 55
\RArrow ( → ) . . . . . . . . . . 69 \upharpoonright \rightfilledspoon (p) . . . 47
\rarrowfill . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 \restriction (æ) . . . . . . . . 42 \rightfootline (x) . . . . . . 32
rational numbers (Q) . . . . . see \restriction (↾) . . . . . . . . 46 \rightfree () . . . . . . . . . . 32
alphabets, math retracting see \textretracting \righthalfcap (⌝) . . . . . . . 23
rationalized Planck constant see \Return ( ←- ) . . . . . . . . . . 69 \righthalfcup (⌟) . . . . . . . 23
\hbar return . .Ñ. . . see carriage return \rightharpoonccw (⇀) . . . . 46
\Rbag (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Ñ \rightharpooncw (⇁) . . . . . 46
\rbag (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \revaw ( ÑÑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \rightharpoondown (ã) . . . 43
⎫
⎪
⎪ \rightharpoondown (+) . . . 41
\rbrace ( ⎬) . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \revD () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
⎪
\Rbrack (])⎪
. \rightharpoonup (á) . . . . . 43
⎭ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \revddots ( . . ) . . . . . . . . . . 94
\rightharpoonup (*) . . . . . 41
\rightleftarrows (Õ) .
\rBrack (]]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \reve () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . 42
\rc (a ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 \reveject (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \rightleftarrows () . . . . 41
\rCeil (ee) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \revepsilon () . . . . . . 12, 90 \rightleftarrows (⇄) . . . . 43
\rightleftharpoon (á)
\rceil (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 reverse solidus . . . . . . . . . . see
⎤⎥ . . . 43
\rceil ( ⎥⎥⎥) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\textbackslash \rightleftharpoons (é) . . 43
⎥⎥
reversed symbols . . . . . ... . 90 \rightleftharpoons (
) . . 41
\rcirclearrowdown (û) . . . 44 \reversedvideodbend ( ) . 76
\rcirclearrowleft (⟲) . . . 44 \rightleftharpoons (* )) . . 41
\revglotstop (c) . . . . ... . 12 \rightleftharpoons (⇌) . . . 46
\rcirclearrowright (⤿) . . 44 \Rewind (¶) . . . . . . . . ... . 79
\rcirclearrowup (↺) . . . . . 44 \rightleftharpoonsfill . . . 60
\RewindToIndex (´) . ... . 79 \rightlsquigarrow (↝) . . . . 43
\rcircleleftint (∳) . . . . . . 29 \RewindToStart (µ) . . ... . 79
? \rightmapsto (↦) . . . . . . . . 43
\rcirclerightint (∳) . . . . . 29 ?
\rfilet (??) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \rightModels (⊫) . . . . . . . . 32
\rcorners (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \rightmodels (⊧) . . . . . . . . 32
\rcurvearrowdown (⤹) . . . . . 44 \rFloor (cc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \rightmoon (L) . . . . . . . . . . 68
\rcurvearrowleft (↶) . . . . 44 \rfloor (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \rightmoon (%) . . . . . . . . . . 68
\rcurvearrowne (Ä) . . . . . . 44 ⎥⎥ \rightp (w) . . . . . . . . . .
\rfloor ( ⎥⎥⎥) . . . . . . .
. . . 16
\rcurvearrownw (Å) . . . . . . 44 ⎥ . . . . . 54 \rightpitchfork () . . . . . 47
\rcurvearrowright (À) . . . . 44 \rgroup (⎦) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \rightpointleft ( L ) . . . . 72
\rcurvearrowse (Ç) . . . . . . 44
\rcurvearrowsw (Æ) . . . . . . 44
\rgroup ( ⎪
⎫
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
\rightpointright ( N) . . . 72
⎭
) ...... .. ... 54 \rightpropto () . . . . . . . . 32
\rightrightarrows (Ñ) .
\rcurvearrowup (Á) . . . . . . . 44
\RHD () . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 21 . . 42
\rdbrack (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\rhd (B) . . . . . . . . . . .. 20, 21 \rightrightarrows (⇒) . . . 41
\Re (<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
\rhd (⊳) . . . . . . . . . . .. 39, 40
real numbers (R) see alphabets, \rightrightarrows (⇉) . . . . 43
math
\rho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 49 \rightrightharpoons (Ù) . . 43
\rhookdownarrow (;) . .. ... 44 \rightrsquigarrow (¨) . . . . 43
recipe . . . . . . see \textrecipe
\rhookleftarrow (↩) .. ... 44 \Rightscissors (Q) . . . . . . 71
\recorder () . . . . . . . . . . . 78
u
\Rectangle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 75
\rhooknearrow (⤤) . . .. ... 44 \rightslice (3) . . . . . . . . . 21
v
\RectangleBold ( ) . . . . . . . 75
\rhooknwarrow (=) . .
\rhookrightarrow (8)
..
.
...
...
44
44
\rightslice (⪧) . . . . . . .
\rightspoon (⊸) . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
32
47
rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 \rightsquigarrow (ù) .
t
\rhooksearrow (?) . . .. ... 44 . . 42
\RectangleThin ( ) . . . . . . . 75 \rhookswarrow (⤦) . . .. ... 43 \rightsquigarrow ( ) . . . . 41
\Rectpipe (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . 70 \rhookuparrow (9) . . . .. ... 43 \rightsquigarrow (↝) . . . . 44
130
\rightt (o) . . . . . . . . . . ... 16 \rtriple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \scy (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\righttherefore ( ) . . . 23, 61 \rVert (||) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 \sddtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\rightthreetimes (%) . ... 63 \rVert (k) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
\rightthreetimes (i) . ... 21 \rvert (|)Ð . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 \sdststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\rightthreetimes (⋌) . . ... 23 \sdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
d
Ð
\rightthumbsdown ( ) ... 72 \rwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
\rightthumbsup ( u ) . . ... 72 _
_
\sdttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\righttoleftarrow (ý) \rWavy ( _
seagull . . . . . see
_
\textseagull
_) . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
... 42
\Righttorque (') . . . . . ... 70 ^^_
_
\Searrow (u) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\rightturn (!) . . . . . . ... 78 \rwavy ( ^^^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \Searrow (⇘) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
^^ \searrow (×) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\rightVdash (⊩) . . . . . . ... 32
\rightvdash (⊢) ..... . ... 32 S \searrow (&) . . . . . . . . 41, 93
Ð
Ð \S (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 102 \searrow (↘) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\rightwave ( ÐÐ) . . . . . . . . . . 55 safety-related symbols . . . . . 70 \searrowtail (') . . . . . . . . 43
\Sagittarius (è) . . . . . . . . 68 \sec (sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\rightY (() . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sagittarius (c) . . . . . . . . 68 \Sech (ˇ “) )== . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\ring (˚) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ==
\samebishops (s) . . . . . . . . 82
ring equal to . . . . . see \circeq \SechBL (==ˇ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
sans (dsfont package option) . 65
I
=
ring in equal to . . . see \eqcirc \SechBl ( ˇ “ =)= . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\riota ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \satellitedish ( ) . . . . . . 77
\rip (O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 \Saturn (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \SechBR ( ˇ “ ==)
=
. . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\risingdotseq () . . . . . . . 31 \Saturn (Æ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \SechBr ( ˇ “ ). . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\risingdotseq (:) . . . . . . . 30 \saturn (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \second (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\risingdotseq (≓) . . . . . . . 32 savesym (package) . . . . . . . . 87 seconds, angular . . see \second
S
\rJoin (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 \savesymbol . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 \secstress (i) . . . . . . . . . . . 16
\rlap . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 75, 93 \Sborder ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 77 section mark . . . . . . . . . see \S
\rmoustache () . . . . . . . . 53
\scalebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
scaling
\SectioningDiamond ( ) . . 81
⎫
\see (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
⎪
⎪
\rmoustache ( ⎪
mechanical . . . . . . . 96, 98
⎪
⎪
\sefilledspoon (w) . . . . . . 47
⎩
) . . . . . . . . 54 optical . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 \sefootline () . . . . . . . . . 32
rook . . . . . . . see chess symbols \scd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \sefree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
roots . . . . . . . . . . . . see \sqrt \scg () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 segmented digits . . . . . . . . . 67
\rotatebox . . . . . . . . . . 16, 90 \schwa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \seharpoonccw (G) . . . . . . . 46
rotated symbols . . 10–12, 16, 90 \schwa (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \seharpooncw (O) . . . . . . . . 46
rotating (package) . . . . . 18, 69 Schwartz distribution spaces see
\rotm (m) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \selectfont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
alphabets, math \selsquigarrow (§) . . . . . . 43
\rotOmega (
) . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \sci (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\rotr (r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 semantic valuation . . . . . . . see
scientific symbols . . . . . . 67–70
\rotvara (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \llbracket/\rrbracket
\ScissorHollowLeft ( ) . . 71
\rotw (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 and \ldbrack/\rdbrack
\ScissorHollowRight ( ) . 71 \semapsto (/) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\roty (y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\RoundedLsteel (Ÿ) . . . . . . 70 \ScissorLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 71 semibreve . see musical symbols
\RoundedTsteel () . . . . . . . 70
\RoundedTTsteel () . . . . . . 70
\ScissorLeftBrokenBottom ( ) semidirect products . . 21, 22, 63
semiquaver see musical symbols
. . . . . . . . . 71
\Rparen ()) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \ScissorLeftBrokenTop ( ) 71 semitic transliteration . . 13, 16
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
\rqm (I)
\ScissorRight ( ) . . . . . . . 71
\seModels (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\semodels (ç) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\rrangle (⟫) . . . . . . . . . . . 54 \ScissorRightBrokenBottom semtrans (package) . 13, 16, 104,
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 105
\rrbracket () . . . . . . . . . . 53
\rrceil (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 \ScissorRightBrokenTop ( ) 71 \senwarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\senwharpoons ([) . . . . . . . 46
\rrfloor (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 scissors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
\Rrightarrow (V) . . . . . . . 42 \scn (:) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \SePa ( @ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\Rrightarrow (⇛) . . . . . . . . 43 \scoh (˝) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \separated () . . . . . . . . . . 32
\rrparenthesis (M) . . . . . . . 52 \Scorpio (ç) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \sepitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
\RS (␞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \scorpio (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \seppawns (q) . . . . . . . . . . 82
M
Q
\scr (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \SerialInterface (Î) . . . . 69
\rsem ( Q
Q
Q ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 script letters see alphabets, math \SerialPort (Ð) . . . . . . . . . 69
Q
O . . . . . see \rdbrack
\rsemantic \scripta () . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \sersquigarrow (¯) . . . . . . 43
\Rsh (é) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 \scriptg () . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \sesearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
\Rsh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 \scriptscriptstyle . . . 92, 93 \sespoon (o) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
\Rsh (↱) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 \scriptstyle . . . . . . . . 92, 93 set operators
\rtimes () . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \scriptv (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 intersection . . . . see \cap
\rtimes (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Scroll ( Scroll ) . . . . . . . . 69 union . . . . . . . . . see \cup
\rtimes (⋊) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \scu (W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \setminus (\) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
131
\setminus (∖) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \slashdiv () . . . . . . . . . .. 23 \SnowflakeChevronBold ( ) 74 _
\seVdash (ï) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 slashed (package) . . . . . . . .. 92 snowflakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\sevdash (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \slashed . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92
\SNPP ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
X
SGML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 slashed letters . . . . . . . . . .. 92
sha ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 slashed.sty (file) . . . . . . .. 92 \snststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\sharp (]) . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 78 \slashu (U) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 \sntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 35
\sharp (♯) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\Shift ( Shift ⇑ ) . . . . . . . . 69
\Sleet ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80 \snttstile ( ) . . . .
\SO (␎) . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
35
69
\sliding (ā) . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
\shift (˜) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \smallbosonloop () . . . . . .. 70 \SOH (␁) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
\Shilling (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 E
\SmallCircle ( ) . . . . . . .. 75
space
\shneg (ˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\shortdownarrow () . . . . . . 42
\SmallCross ( ) . . . . . . .. 75
thin . . . . . . . . . .
space, visible . . . . . . .
. . . . 100
...... 8
\smalldiamond (◇) . . . . . .. 24
F
\ShortFifty (×) . . . . . . . . 80 \Spacebar ( ) . . . . 69
\ShortForty (Ù) . . . . . . . . 80 \SmallDiamondshape ( ) .. 75 spades (suit) . . . . . . . 62–64, 77
\shortleftarrow ( ) . . . . . 42 \smallfrown (a) . . . . . . . .. 30 \spadesuit (♠) . . . . . . . . . . 62
\shortmid (p) . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \smallfrown (⌢) . . . . . . . .. 48
\spadesuit (♠) . . . . . . . . . . 63
\shortmid (∣) . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \SmallHBar ( ) . . . . . . . .. 75 ]
\Sparkle ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\ShortNinetyFive (Ô) . . . . 80
\shortparallel (q) . . . . . . . 30
\smallin ( ) . . . . . . . . . .
\smallint (∫) . . . . . . . . .
..
..
51
63
\
\SparkleBold ( ) . . . . . . . . 74
\shortparallel (∥) . . . . . . 32
"
\ShortPulseHigh ( ) . . . . . 67
\SmallLowerDiamond ( ) .. 75
sparkles . . . . . . . . . .
“special” characters . .
. . . . . 74
...... 8
#
\ShortPulseLow ( ) . . . . . . 67
\smalllozenge (◊) . . . . . .
\smallowns () . . . . . . . .
..
..
74
51
\SpecialForty (Ú) .
\sphericalangle (?)
. . . . . 80
\shortrightarrow () . . . . 42 \smallpencil ( P ) .... .. 72 \sphericalangle (^)
. . . . . 63
. . . . . 63
\ShortSixty (Ö) . . . . . . . . 80 \smallprod (∏) . . . . . . . . .. 23
O
\sphericalangle (∢) . . . . . 63
\ShortThirty (Û) . . . . . . . 80
\SmallRightDiamond ( ) .. 75 *
\SpinDown () . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
)
\shortuparrow () . . . . . . . 42
\smallsetminus (r) . . . . .. 21
\showclock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \SpinUp () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\shpos (´) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\smallsetminus (∖) . . . . .. 23
\spirituslenis (a ) . . . . . . . 56
\spirituslenis () . .
\smallsmile (`) . . . . . . . .. 30
\SI (␏) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 . . . . . 56
\smallsmile (⌣) . . . . . . . .. 48
\Sigma (Σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\sigma (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 @
\SmallSquare ( ) . . . . . . .. 75
\splitvert (¦) . . . . .
spoon symbols . . . . . .
. . . . . 69
. . . . . 47
\sigmaup (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \smallsquare (◽) . . . . . . .. 24 \spreadlips (ȧ) . . . . . . . . . 15
\smallstar (☆) . . . . . . . . .. 24 \sqbullet (
) . . . . . .
C
\sim (∼) . . . . . . . . . 30, 91, 101 . . . . . 22
\sim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \SmallTriangleDown ( ) .. 75 \sqcap ([) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\simeq (') . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \smalltriangledown () . .. 24 \sqcap (u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\simeq (≃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \smalltriangledown (▿) 24, 40 \sqcap (⊓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
simplewick (package) . . . . . . 96 \SmallTriangleLeft ( ) B .. 75 \sqcapdot (E) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
simpsons (package) . . . . 85, 104 \smalltriangleleft () . .. 24 \sqcapplus (}) . . . . . . . . . . 21
Simpsons characters . . . . . . . 85 \smalltriangleleft (◃) 24, 40 \sqcapplus (G) . . . . . . . . . . 23
\sin (sin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \SmallTriangleRight ( ) D .. 75 \sqcup (\) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\sincoh (ˇ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 \smalltriangleright () .. 24 \sqcup (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\sinh (sinh) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \sqcup (⊔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
O
\smalltriangleright (▹) 24, 40
\SixFlowerAlternate ( ) . . 74 A \sqcupdot (D) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
U
\SmallTriangleUp ( ) . . .. 75
\SixFlowerAltPetal ( ) . . 74 \smalltriangleup () . . . .. 24 \sqcupplus (|) . . . . . . . . . . 21
\SixFlowerOpenCenter ( ) . 74M \smalltriangleup (▵) . . 24, 40 \sqcupplus (F) . . . . .
\sqdoublecap (^) . . .
. . . . . 23
\SixFlowerPetalDotted ( ) 74 Q
\SmallVBar ( ) . . . . . . . .. 75 \sqdoublecup (_) . . .
. . . . . 22
L
. . . . . 22
\SixFlowerPetalRemoved ( ) 74 \smile (^) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
\sqdoublefrown (-) . . . . . . . 48
\smile (⌣) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48
[
\SixFlowerRemovedOpenPetal \sqdoublefrowneq (7) . . . . . 48
smile symbols . . . . . . . . . .. 48
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 \sqdoublesmile (,) . . . . . . . 48
G
\SixStar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
\smileeq ( ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 48
\sqdoublesmileeq (6) . . . . . 48
K
\SixteenStarLight ( ) . . . 74
\smileeqfrown (&) . . . . .
\smilefrown (≍) . . . . . . .
..
..
48
48
\sqeqfrown (5) . . . . .
\sqeqsmile (4) . . . . .
. . . . . 48
. . . . . 48
sixteenth note . . . . see musical \smilefrowneq (() . . . . . .. 48
\sqfrown (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
symbols \Smiley (©) . . . . . . . . . . .. 80
\sqfrowneq (3) . . . . . . . . . . 48
\sixteenthnote (♬) . . . . . . 78 \smiley (,) . . . . . . . . . . .. 78
\sqfrowneqsmile (9) . . . . . . 48
skak (package) . . . . 82, 104, 105 smiley faces . . . . . . . . 69, 78, 80
skull (package) . . . . 76, 104, 105 R (1) . .
\sqfrownsmile . . . . . 48
A
\sndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . .. 35
\sqiiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 27
\skull ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 P
\Snow ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
\slash (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 ”
\SnowCloud ( ) . . . . . . . .. 80
\slashb () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
`
\sqiint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
\slashc (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \Snowflake ( ) . . . . . . . .. 74
^
\sqint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
›
\slashd () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \SnowflakeChevron ( ) . .. 74 \sqint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
132
\sqrt (
√
) ....... . . . 57, 93 \SquareShadowTopRight ( i) 75
\sqsmile (*) . . . . . .
\sqsmileeq (2) . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
48
48
g
\SquareSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . 75
\staveLXV (@) . . . . . . . . . 86
\Square ( vs. f 0
vs. ) . . . 88 \staveIV () . . . . . . . . . 85
\staveXLV (,) . . . . . . . . 86
\Square () . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
f
\Square ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\staveIX () . . . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXLVI (-) . . . . . . . . 86
\square () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\staveL (1) . . . . . . . 85, 86
\square () . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \staveLI (2) . . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXLVII (.) . . . . . . . 85
\square (◻) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \staveLII (3) . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXLVIII (/) . . . . . 85
square root . . . . . . . see \sqrt \staveXV () . . . . . . . . . 85
hooked . . . . . see \hksqrt \staveLIII (4) . . . . . . . . 85
\staveXVI () . . . . . . . . . 85
k
\SquareCastShadowBottomRight
\staveLIV (5) . . . . . . . . 85
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
\SquareCastShadowTopLeft ( m) \staveLIX (:) . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXVII () . . . . . . . . 86
\staveXVIII () . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . 75 \staveLV (6) . . . . . . . . . . 85
l
\SquareCastShadowTopRight \staveXX () . . . . . . . . . 86
( ) .............. 75 \staveLVI (7) . . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXXI () . . . . . . . . 86
\Squaredot (÷) . . . . . . . . . . 64
\squaredots (∷) . . . . . . 23, 61 \staveLVII (8) . . . . . . . . 85
\staveXXII () . . . . . . . . 86
\Squarepipe (—) . . . . . . . . . 70
\staveLVIII (9) . . . . . . . 85 \staveXXIII () . . . . . 86
squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 76
\staveLX (;) . . . . . . . 85
\SquareShadowA ( ) . . . . . . 75 \staveXXIV () . . . . . . . . 85
\SquareShadowB ( ) . . . . . . 75 \staveLXI (<) . . . . . . . . . 85
h)
\staveXXIX () . . . . . . . 85
\SquareShadowBottomRight ( \staveLXII (=) . . . . . . . . 85 \staveXXV () . . . . . . . . 85
. . . . . . . . . 75
\SquareShadowC ( ) . . . . . . 75 \staveLXIII (>) . . . . . . . 86 \staveXXVI () . . . . . . . 85
133
\subseteq () . . . . . . . ... 37 \supset (⊃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXVIII () . . . . . . 85
\subseteq (⊆) . . . . . . . ... 36 \supseteq (
) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXX () . . . . . . . . 85 \subseteq (⊆) . . . . . . . . ... 37 \supseteq (⊇) . . . . . . . . . . 36
\subseteqq () . . . . . . . ... 37 \supseteq (⊇) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXI () . . . . . . . . 85 \subseteqq (j) . . . . . . ... 36 \supseteqq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXII () . . . . . . 85 \subseteqq (⫅) . . . . . . . ... 37 \supseteqq (k) . . . . . . . . . 36
\subsetneq () . . . . . . . ... 37 \supseteqq (⫆) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXIII ( ) . . . . . . . 85 \subsetneq (() . . . . . . ... 36 \supsetneq () . . . . . . . . . . 37
\subsetneq (⊊) . . . . . . . ... 37 \supsetneq ()) . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveXXXIV (!) . . . . . . 85 \subsetneqq () . . . . . . ... 37 \supsetneq (⊋) . . . . . . . . . . 37
\staveXXXIX (&) . . . . . . 85 \subsetneqq ($) . . . . . . ... 36 \supsetneqq () . . . . . . . . . 37
\subsetneqq (⫋) . . . . . . ... 37 \supsetneqq (%) . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveXXXV (") . . . . . . . 85 \subsetplus (D) . . . . . . ... 36 \supsetneqq (⫌) . . . . . . . . . 37
\subsetpluseq (F) . . . . ... 36 \supsetplus (E) . . . . . . . . . 36
\staveXXXVI (#) . . . . . . 85 subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37 \supsetpluseq (G) . . . . . . . 36
`
\surd ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\staveXXXVII ($) . . . . . 85 \succ () . . . . . . . . . . . ... 30
\staveXXXVIII (%) . . . . 85 \succ (≻) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 32 \SurveySign ( ) . . . . . . . . . 81
\succapprox (Ç) . . . . . . ... 31 \Swarrow (w) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
\stdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \Swarrow (⇙) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
\succapprox (v) . . . . . . ... 30
\steaming (♨) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \succapprox (⪸) . . . . . . ... 32 \swarrow (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
sterling . . . . . . . . . see \pounds \succcurlyeq (¥) . . . . . ... 31 \swarrow (.) . . . . . . 41, 93, 94
stmaryrd (package) . . 21, 25, 30, \succcurlyeq (<) . . . . . ... 30 \swarrow (↙) . . . . . . . . . . . 43
36, 40, 42, 48, 52, 53, 88, 91, \succcurlyeq (≽) . . . . . ... 32 \swarrowtail (&) . . . . . . . . 43
104, 105 \succdot (Í) . . . . . . . . ... 31 \swfilledspoon (v) . . . . . . 47
stochastic independence see \bot
\succeq () . . . . . . . . . ... 30 \swfootline (~) . . . . . . . . . 32
\StoneMan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \succeq (⪰) . . . . . . . . . . ... 32 \swfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\Stopsign (!) . . . . . . . . . . 70 \swharpoonccw (F) . . . . . . . 46
) . . . . . . .
\succeqq () . . . . . . . . . ... 31
\StopWatchEnd ( 81 \succnapprox (Ë) . . . . . ... 32 \swharpooncw (N) . . . . . . . . 46
\StopWatchStart () . . . . .
\succnapprox () . . . . . ... 30 \swlsquigarrow (¦) . . . . . . 43
81 \swmapsto (.) . . . . . . . . . . 43
\succnapprox (⪺) . . . . . ... 33
\stress (h) . . . .
\succneq () . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 16 \swModels (ö) . . . . . . . . . . 32
... 32
\strictfi (K) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \swmodels (æ) . . . . . . . . . . 32
\succneqq () . . . . . . . ... 31
\succnsim (Å) . . . . . . .
\strictif (J) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \swnearrows () . . . . . . . . 43
... 32
\strictiff (L) . . . . . . . . . 31 \swneharpoons (^) . . . . . . . 46
\succnsim () . . . . . . . ... 30
\strokedint (⨏) . . . . . . . . . 29 \swpitchfork () . . . . . . . . 47
;
\succnsim (⋩) . . . . . . . . ... 33
\StrokeFive ( ) . . . . . . . . 81 \succsim (Á) . . . . . . . . ... 31 \swrsquigarrow (®) . . . . . . 43
\StrokeFour ( ) :::: . . . . . . . . . 81 \succsim (%) . . . . . . . . ... 30 \swspoon (n) . . . . . . . . . . . 47
:
\StrokeOne ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \succsim (≿) . . . . . . . . . ... 32 \swswarrows () . . . . . . . . 43
134
dot . . . . . . . . 8, 61, 62, 94 \t (a)
......... . . . . . . . . 13 \textasciibreve (˘) . . . . . . 17
electrical . . . . . . . . . . . 67 \t ( ⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textasciicaron (ˇ) . . . . . . 17
engineering . . . . . . 67, 70 t4phonet (package) . 13, 16, 104, \textasciicircum (ˆ) . . 8, 101,
extensible 57–60, 89, 94–96 105 103
Feynman diagram . . . . . 70 \Tab ( −→−−→− ) ... . . . . . ... 69 \textasciidieresis (¨) 17, 102
Frege logic . . 47, 52, 62, 64 \tabcolsep . . . . . . . . . . ... 91 \textasciigrave (`) . . . . . . 17
frown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 tacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 51 \textasciimacron . . . . . . . 103
genealogical . . . . . . . . . 78 \taild () . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textasciimacron (¯) 17, 102
general . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \tailinvr (H) . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textasciitilde (˜) 8, 101, 103
Go stones . . . . . . . . . . 76 \taill (0) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textasteriskcentered (∗) . 8,
information . . . . . . . . . 76 \tailn (9) . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 19
informator . . . . . . . . . . 82 \tailr (F) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textbabygamma (È) . . . . . . . 10
inverted . . . . 10–12, 16, 90 \tails (L) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textbackslash (\) . . . . 8, 101
keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \tailt (P) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textbaht (฿) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Knuth’s . . . . . . . . . 76, 79 \tailz (_) . . . . . . . . . . ... 12 \textbar (|) . . . . . . 8, 100, 101
laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \Takt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 79 \textbarb (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
legal . . . . . . . . . 8, 18, 102 \talloblong (8) . . . . . . ... 21 \textbarc (c) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
letter-like . . . . . . . . 51, 52 tally markers . . . . . . . . . ... 81 \textbard (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
life insurance . . . . . . . . 95 \tan (tan) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 49 \textbardbl (‖) . . . . . . . . . 19
linear logic . . . . . 20, 30, 36 \tanh (tanh) . . . . . . . . . ... 49 \textbardotlessj (é) . . . . . 10
linguistic . . . . . . . . 10–13
log-like . . . . . . . . 49, 100 \textbarglotstop (Ü) . . . . . 10
magical signs . . . . . . . . 85 \Taschenuhr ( ) . . . . . . . . 81 \textbari (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
mathematical . . . . . 20–66 Tate-Shafarevich group see sha \textbarl (ł) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
METAFONTbook . . . . . 79 \tau (τ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\Taurus (Q) . . . . . . . . .
\textbaro (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
metrical . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 . . . 68 \textbarrevglotstop (Ý) . . 10
miscellaneous 62–64, 77–86 \Taurus (á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \textbaru (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
monetary . . . . . . . . 17, 65 \taurus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \textbeltl (ì) . . . . . . . . . . 10
musical . 19, 62, 63, 78, 79 \tauup (τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \textbenttailyogh (B) . . . . 11
navigation . . . . . . . . . . 79 \tccentigrade (℃) . . . . . . . 62 \textbeta (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
non-commutative division 60 \tcmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\textbigcircle (○) . . . . . . 19
particle physics . . . . . . 70 \tcohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
\textbktailgamma (.) . . . . . 11
Phaistos disk . . . . . . . . 83 \tcpertenthousand (‱) . . 62
\textblank (␢) . . . . . . . . . . 19
phonetic . . . . . . . . 10–13 \tcperthousand (‰) . . . . . . 62
\textborn (b) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
physical . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\td (a . . . 15
\textbottomtiebar (a <) . . . . 14
pitchfork . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \tddtstile ( ) ..... . . . 34
proto-Semitic . . . . . . . . 83 \textbraceleft ({) . . . . . . . . 8
pulse diagram . . . . . . . 67 \tdststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \textbraceright (}) . . . . . . . 8
relational . . . . . . . . . . . 30 \tdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 34 \textbrevemacron (˘ ā) . . . . . 14
reversed . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \textbrokenbar (¦) . . . 19, 102
\tdttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \textbullet (•) . . . . 8, 19, 103
rotated . . . . 10–12, 16, 90
technological symbols . . 67–70 \textbullseye (ò) . . . . . . . 10
safety-related . . . . . . . . 70
\Telefon (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \textcelsius (℃) . . . . . . . . 67
scientific . . . . . . . . 67–70
Simpsons characters . . . 85 (
\Telephone ( ) . . . . . . . . 81 \textceltpal ( ) . . . . . . . . . 10
Tennent, Bob . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \textcent (¢) . . . . . . . 17, 102
smile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
spoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \Tent ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 \textcentoldstyle () . . . . 17
staves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 \Terminus (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textchi (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
subset and superset 36, 37 \terminus (⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textcircled (
) . . . . . . . . 13
technological . . . . . 67–70 \Terminus* (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textcircledP (℗) . . . . . . 18
TEXbook . . . . . . . . 76, 79 \terminus* (⊕) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textcircumacute (Ż a) . . . . . 14
transliteration . . . . . . . 13 \tesh (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \textcircumdot (ˆ ȧ) . . . . . . . 14
upside-down . 10–12, 16, 90, testfont.dvi (file) . . . . . . . 98 \textcloseepsilon (Å) . . . . 10
100–101 testfont.tex (file) . . . . 97, 98 \textcloseomega (Ñ) . . . . . . 10
variable-sized 25–29, 87, 89 TEX 40, 61, 87, 90–99, 101, 106 \textcloserevepsilon (Æ) . . 10
weather . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 TEXbook, The . . . . . . 90–95, 99 \textcolonmonetary (₡) . . . 17
zodiacal . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 symbols from . . . . . 76, 79 \textcommatailz (Þ) . . . . . . 10
symbols.tex (file) . . . . 87, 104 \text . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 92, 93 textcomp (package) . . . . . . . 7,
\SYN (␖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 \textacutedbl (˝) . . . . . . . 17 8, 13, 17–19, 41, 56, 64, 67,
\textacutemacron (´ ā) . . . . . 13 78, 87, 101, 103–105
T \textacutewedge (´ ǎ) . . . . . . 13 \textcopyleft («) . . . . . . 18
\T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 \textadvancing (affi) . . . . . . . 14 \textcopyright (©) . 8, 18, 102
\T ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
a \textaolig (") . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textcorner (^) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\T ( ⊗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \textasciiacute (´) . . 17, 102 \textcrb (ă) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
135
\textcrd (ą) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textepsilon (¢) . . . . . . . . 13 \textifsym . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textcrd () . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textesh (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textinterrobang (‽) . . . . . 19
\textcrg (g) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textesh (¬) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textinterrobangdown () . . 19
\textcrh (è) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textestimated (℮) . . . . . . 19 \textinvglotstop (Û) . . . . . 10
\textcrh (§) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \texteuro (€) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \textinvomega (;) . . . . . . . 11
\textcrinvglotstop (Û) . . . 10 \texteuro (€) . . . . . . 17, 103 \textinvsca (p) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcrlambda (ň) . . . . . . . 10 \textexclamdown (¡) . . . . . . . 8 \textinvscr (K) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textcrtwo (2) . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfemale (7) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textinvscripta (!) . . . . . . 11
\textctc (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfishhookr (R) . . . . . . . 11 \textinvsubbridge (a „) . . . . 14
\textctd (ć) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfiveoldstyle () . . . . 18 \textiota (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textctdctzlig (ćý) . . . . . . 10 \textfjlig () . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textiota (à) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\textctesh (š) . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textflorin (ƒ) . . . . . . . . . . 17 \textlambda (ń) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textctinvglotstop (D) . . . 11 \textfouroldstyle () . . . . 18 \textlangle (〈) . . . . . 56, 101
\textctj (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfractionsolidus (⁄) . . 64 \textlbrackdbl (〚) . . . . . . . 56
\textctjvar (2) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textfrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \textleaf (l) . . . . . . . . . . 78
\textctn (ő) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfrbarn (5) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textleftarrow (←) . . . . . . 41
\textctstretchc (%) . . . . . . 11 \textfrhookd (’) . . . . . . . . 11 \textlengthmark (:) . . . . . . 10
\textctstretchcvar (&) . . . 11 \textfrhookdvar (() . . . . . . 11 \textless (<) . . . . 8, 100, 101
\textctt (ť) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textfrhookt (?) . . . . . . . . 11 \textlfishhookrlig (I) . . . 11
\textcttctclig (ťC) . . . . . . 10 \textfrtailgamma (-) . . . . . 11 ~
\textctturnt (@) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textg (ě) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textlhdbend ( ) . . . . . . . 76
\textctyogh (ÿ) . . . . . . . . . 10 \textgamma (G) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textlhookfour (#) . . . . . . . 11
\textctz (ý) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textglobfall (Ů) . . . . . . . 11 \textlhookp (<) . . . . . . . . . 11
\textcurrency (¤) . . . 17, 102 \textglobrise (Ű) . . . . . . . 11 \textlhookt (ş) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdagger (†) . . . . . . . 8, 19 \textglotstop (P) . . . . . . . 10 \textlhti (1) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textdaggerdbl (‡) . . . . . 8, 19 \textglotstopvari (T) . . . . 11 \textlhtlongi (ę) . . . . . . . . 10
\textglotstopvarii (U) . . . 11 \textlhtlongy (ű) . . . . . . . 10
\textdbend ( ) . . . . . . . . . 76 \textglotstopvariii (V) . . 11 \textlira (₤) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textdblhyphen (-) . . . . . . . 19 \textgoth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \textlnot (¬) . . . . . . . 64, 102
\textdblhyphenchar () . . . . 19 \textgravecircum (Ž a) . . . . . 14 \textlonglegr (Ô) . . . . . . . . 10
\textdblig ()) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textgravedbl () . . . . . . . 17 \textlooptoprevesh (>) . . . . 11
\textdctzlig (dý) . . . . . . . . 10 \textgravedot (đ a) . . . . . . . 14 \textlowering (afl) . . . . . . . 14
\textdegree (°) . . . . . 64, 102 \textgravemacron (` ā) . . . . . 14 \textlptr (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdied (d) . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \textgravemid (Ź a) . . . . . . . 14 \textlquill (⁅) . . . . . . . . . 56
\textdiscount () . . . . . . . 19 \textgreater (>) . . 8, 100, 101 \textltailm (M) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdiv (÷) . . . . . . . . . . . 64 \textgrgamma (,) . . . . . . . . 11 \textltailn (ñ) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdivorced (c) . . . . . . . 78 \textguarani () . . . . . . . . 17 \textltailn (©) . . . . . . . . . 13
\textdollar ($) . . . . . . . 8, 17 \texthalflength (;) . . . . . . 10 \textltilde (ë) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdollaroldstyle () . . 17 \texthardsign (ż) . . . . . . . 10 \textlyoghlig (Ð) . . . . . . . 10
\textdong (₫) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \textheng (0) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \textmarried (m) . . . . . . . . 78
\textdotacute (§a) . . . . . . . 14 \texthmlig (4) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textmho (℧) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
˙
\textdotbreve (ă) . . . . . . . 14 \texthooktop (#) . . . . . . . . . 10 \textmidacute (Ÿ a) . . . . . . . 14
\textdoublebaresh (S) . . . . 10 \texthtb (á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textminus (−) . . . . . . . . . . 64
\textdoublebarpipe (}) . . . 10 \texthtb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . 67, 102
\textdoublebarpipevar (H) . 11 \texthtbardotlessj (ê) . . . . 10 \textmusicalnote (♪) . . . . . 19
\textdoublebarslash (= / ) . . 10 \texthtbardotlessjvar (3) . 11 \textnaira (₦) . . . . . . . . . . 17
\textdoublegrave (‚ a) . . . . . 14 \texthtc (Á) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textnineoldstyle () . . . . 18
\textdoublegrave (a ) . . . . . 16 \texthtc (°) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textnrleg (6) . . . . . . . . . . 11
\textdoublepipe ({) . . . . . . 10 \texthtd (â) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textnumero (№) . . . . . . . . . 19
\textdoublepipevar (G) . . . 11 \texthtd (¡) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textObardotlessj (Í) . . . . 10
\textdoublevbaraccent (İ a) . 14 \texthtg (ä) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textObullseye (9) . . . . . . 11
\textdoublevbaraccent (a ¼) . 16 \texthth (H) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textohm (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\textdoublevertline (Ş) . . 10 \texththeng (Ê) . . . . . . . . . 10 \textOlyoghlig (ŋ) . . . . . . . 10
\textdownarrow (↓) . . . . . . . 41 \texthtk (Î) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textomega (ř) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textdownfullarrow (ˇ) . . . 11 \texthtk (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textonehalf (½) . . . . 64, 102
\textdownstep (Ť) . . . . . . . . 10 \texthtp (Ò) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textoneoldstyle . . . . . . . . 18
\textdyoghlig (Ã) . . . . . . . 10 \texthtp (±) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textoneoldstyle () . . . . . 18
\textdzlig (dz) . . . . . . . . . . 10 \texthtq (Ó) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textonequarter (¼) . . 64, 102
\texteightoldstyle () . . . 18 \texthtrtaild (č) . . . . . . . 10 \textonesuperior (¹) . 64, 102
\textellipsis (. . . ) . . . . . . . 8 \texthtscg (É) . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textopenbullet (◦) . . . . . . 19
\textemdash (—) . . . . . . . . . 8 \texthtt (Ö) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textopencorner (_) . . . . . . 10
\textendash (–) . . . . . . . . . . 8 \texthtt (º) . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textopeno (O) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textepsilon (E) . . . . . . . . 10 \texthvlig (ß) . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textopeno (ª) . . . . . . . . . . 13
136
\textordfeminine (ª) 8, 19, 102 \textrhoticity (~) . . . . . .. 11 \textsubdoublearrow (˙) . . 11
\textordmasculine (º) . . 8, 19, \textrightarrow (→) . . . .. 41 \textsubgrave (a) . . . . . . . 14
102 \textringmacron (˚ ā) . . . . .. 14 \textsublhalfring ‹ (a) . . . . 14
–
\textovercross — (‰ a) . . . . . . . 14 \textroundcap (“ a) . . . . . .. 14 \textsubplus (aff) . . . . . . . . 14
\textoverw (a) . . . . . . . . . . 14 \textrptr (¿) . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubrhalfring (a» ) . . . . 14
\textpalhook (%) . . . . . . . . . 10 \textrquill (⁆) . . . . . . . .. 56 \textsubrightarrow (¯) . . . 11
\textpalhooklong (ˆ) . . . . . 11 \textrtaild (ã) . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubring (a) . . . . . . . . 14
\textpalhookvar (˜) . . . . . . 11 \textrtaild (ð) . . . . . . . .. 13 \textsubsquare˚(a «) . . . . . . . 14
\textparagraph (¶) . . . . 8, 19 \textrtailhth (/) . . . . . .. 11 \textsubtilde (a) . . . . . . . 14
\textperiodcentered (·) . 8, 19, \textrtaill (í) . . . . . . . . .. 11 \textsubumlaut ˜(a) . . . . . . . 14
102 \textrtailn (ï) . . . . . . . .. 10 \textsubw (a —) . . ¨. . . . . . . . . 14
\textpertenthousand (‱) . 19 \textrtailr (ó) . . . . . . . .. 10 \textsubwedge (a) . . . . . . . 14
\textperthousand (‰) 19, 103 \textrtails (ù) . . . . . . . .. 10 ˇ (a
\textsuperimposetilde &) . 14
\textpeso () . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \textrtailt (ú) . . . . . . . .. 10 \textsuperscript . . . . . . . . 15
\textphi (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textrtailt (») . . . . . . . .. 13 \textsurd (√) . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\textpilcrow (¶) . . . . . . . . 19 \textrtailz (ü) . . . . . . . .. 10 \textswab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textrthook ($) . . . . . . . . .. 10 \textsyllabic (a) . . . . . . . 15
\textpipe (|) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 \textrthooklong (´) . . . . .. 11 \texttctclig (tC)" . . . . . . . . 10
\textpipevar (F) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textsca (À) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 \textteshlig (Ù) . . . . . . . . 10
\textpm (±) . . . . . . . . 64, 102 \textscaolig (q) . . . . . . .. 11
\textteshlig () . . . . . . . . 13
\textpmhg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \textscb (à) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\texttheta (T) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textpolhook (a˛ ) . . . . . . . . 14 \textscdelta (r) . . . . . . .. 11
\textthorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textprimstress (") . . . . . . 10 \textsce (ď) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textthornvari (P) . . . . . . . 11
\textproto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 \textscf (s) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
\textthornvarii (Q) . . . . . . 11
\textqplig (=) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textscg (å) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textthornvariii (R) . . . . . 11
\textquestiondown (¿) . . . . . 8 \textsch (Ë) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textthornvariv (S) . . . . . . 11
\textquotedbl (") . . . . 9, 100 \textschwa (@) . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textthreeoldstyle () . . . 18
\textquotedblleft (“) . . . . . 8 \textschwa (¡) . . . . . . . . .. 13
\textthreequarters (¾) 64, 102
\textquotedblright (”) . . . . 8 \textsci (I) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textthreequartersemdash ()
\textquoteleft (‘) . . . . . . . . 8 \textscj (ĺ) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
. . . . . . . . . 19
\textquoteright (’) . . . . . . . 8 \textsck (t) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
\textthreesuperior (³) 64, 102
\textquotesingle (') . . . . . 19 \textscl (Ï) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\texttildedot (˜ ȧ) . . . . . . . 15
\textquotestraightbase (‚) 19 \textscm (w) . . . . . . . . . .. 11
\texttildelow (~) . . . 19, 101
\textquotestraightdblbase („) \textscn (ð) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
\textscoelig (Œ) . . . . . . .. 10 \texttimes (×) . . . . . . . . . . 64
. . . . . . . . . 19
\textscomega (ś) . . . . . . .. 10 \texttoneletterstem (£) . . . 10
\textraiseglotstop (ij) . . . 10
\texttoptiebar (> a) . . . . . . . 15
\textraisevibyi (ğ) . . . . . . 10 \textscp (x) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
\textscq (y) . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 \texttrademark (™) . 8, 18, 103
\textraising (afi) . . . . . . . . 14
\textramshorns (7) . . . . . . . 10 \textscr (ö) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 \texttslig (ţ) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrangle (〉) . . . . . 56, 101 \textscripta (A) . . . . . . .. 10 \textturna (5) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrbrackdbl (〛) . . . . . . . 56 \textscriptg (g) . . . . . . .. 10 \textturncelig (ŕ) . . . . . . 10
\textrecipe () . . . . . . 19, 89 \textscriptv (V) . . . . . . .. 10 \textturnglotstop (E) . . . . 11
\textrectangle (¨) . . . . . . . 11 \textscriptv (¬) . . . . . . . .. 13 \textturnh (4) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textreferencemark (※) 19, 20 \textscu (Ú) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 \textturnk (ľ) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textregistered (®) 8, 18, 102 \textscy (Y) . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 \textturnlonglegr (Õ) . . . . 10
\textretracting (affl) . . . . . . 14 \textseagull (a ) . . . . . . .. 14 \textturnm (W) . . . . . . . . . 10
\textretractingvar (˚) . . . 11 \textsecstress () . . . . . .. 10 \textturnmrleg (î) . . . . . . 10
\textrevapostrophe (\) . . . . 10 \textsection (§) . . . . . . 8, 19 \textturnr (ô) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textreve (9) . . . . . . . . . . . 10 \textservicemark (℠) . . . .. 18 \textturnrrtail (õ) . . . . . . 10
\textrevepsilon (3) . . . 10, 90 \textsevenoldstyle () . .. 18 \textturnsck (u) . . . . . . . . 11
\textsixoldstyle () . . . .. 18 \textturnscripta (6) . . . . . 10
\textreversedvideodbend ( ) \textsoftsign (ž) . . . . . . .. 10 \textturnscu ({) . . . . . . . . 11
. . . . . . . . . 76 \textspleftarrow (˝) . . . .. 11 \textturnt (Ø) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrevglotstop (Q) . . . . . 10 \textsterling (£) . . . . . 8, 17 \textturnthree (C) . . . . . . . 11
\textrevscl (v) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textstretchc (Â) . . . . . .. 10 \textturntwo (A) . . . . . . . . 11
\textrevscr (z) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textstretchcvar ($) . . . .. 11 \textturnv (2) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrevyogh (ź) . . . . . . . . 10 \textstyle . . . . . . . . 92, 93, 99 \textturnw (û) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrhooka ( ) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textsubacute (a) . . . . . .. 14 \textturny (L) . . . . . . . . . . 10
\textrhooke (*) . . . . . . . . . 11 \textsubarch (a)› . . . . . . .. 14 \texttwelveudash () . . . . . 19
\textrhookepsilon (+) . . . . 11 \textsubbar (a)“ . . . . . . . .. 14 \texttwooldstyle . . . . . . . . 18
¯ \texttwooldstyle () . . . . . 18
\textrhookopeno (:) . . . . . . 11 \textsubbridge (a ”) . . . . . .. 14
\textrhookrevepsilon (Ç) . 10 \textsubcircum (a) . . . . . .. 14 \texttwosuperior (²) . 64, 102
\textrhookschwa (Ä) . . . . . . 11 \textsubdot (a) ˆ. . . . . . . .. 14 \textuncrfemale (8) . . . . . . 11
˙
137
\textunderscore ( ) . . . .... 8 \tnttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \tsststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textuparrow (↑) . . . . . . . . 41 \to . . . . . . . . see \rightarrow \Tsteel (œ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\textupfullarrow (˘) . . . . . 11 \ToBottom (½) . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \tststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textupsilon (U) . . . . . . . . 10 \tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
\tsttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\textupstep (Ţ) . . . . . . . . . 10 \top (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 92
\textvbaraccent (IJ a) . . . . . . 15 \top (⊺) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \ttdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\textvbaraccent (a ¿) . . . . . . 16 \topbot (⊥ >) . . . . . . . . . 92, 94 \TTsteel (š) . . . . . . . . . . . 70
\textvertline (Š) . . . . . . . . 10 \topdoteq () . . . . . . . . . . 31 \ttststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textvibyi (ğ) . . . . . . . . . . 11 torus (T) . see alphabets, math
\textvibyy (ů) . . . . . . . . . . 11 \ToTop (¼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 \tttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35
\textvisiblespace ( ) . .... 8 trademark . see \texttrademark \ttttstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\textwon (₩) . . . . . . . . . . . 17 \TransformHoriz ( ) . . . . 35
TUGboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
\textwynn (ß) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 transforms . . . . 35, 60, see also
alphabets, math \Tumbler () . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\textyen (¥) . . . . . . . 17, 102
turnstile (package) . 34, 35, 104,
\textyogh (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . 11 \TransformVert ( ) . . . . . . 35
J
105
\textyogh (¶) . . . . . . . . . . . 13 transliteration \TwelweStar ( ) . . . . . . . . 74
\textzerooldstyle () . . . . 18 semitic . . . . . . . . . . 13, 16 \twoheaddownarrow (↡) . . . . 43
\TH (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 102 transliteration symbols . . . . 13 \twoheadleftarrow () . . . 41
\th (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 102 transversality . see \pitchfork \twoheadleftarrow (↞) . . . 43
Thành, Hàn Th´ê . . . . . . . . . 94 trfsigns (package) 35, 51, 60, 104 \twoheadnearrow () . . . . . 44
\therefore (6) . . . . . . . . . . 31 \triangle (4) . . . . . . . . . . 62 \twoheadnwarrow () . . . . . 44
\therefore (∴) . . . . . . . 30, 61 \triangle (△) . . . . . . . . . . 40 \twoheadrightarrow () . . 41
\therefore (∴) . . . . . . . . . . 61 triangle relations . . . . . . 39, 40
3
\twoheadrightarrow (↠) . . 44
\Thermo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 75
o 3
\twoheadsearrow () . . . . . 44
\Theta (Θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \TriangleDown ( vs. ) . . 88 \twoheadswarrow () . . . . . 44
\theta (θ) . . . . . . . . .
\thetaup (θ) . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . 49
. . . 50
o
\TriangleDown ( ) . . . . . . . 75 \twoheaduparrow (↟) . . . . . . 44
\twonotes () . . . . . . . . . . . 78
\triangledown (O) . . . . . . . 63
\thickapprox (≈) . . . . . . . . 30 txfonts (package) 20, 21, 27, 30,
\triangledown (▽) . . . . . . . 40
\thicksim (∼) . . . . . . . . . . 30 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51,
\thickvert (~) . . . . . .
\triangleeq (≜) . . . . . . . . . 40
thin space . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . 54
. . 100 2
\TriangleLeft ( ) . . . . . . . 75
62, 63, 65, 87, 89, 101, 104,
105
\ThinFog ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\triangleleft () . . . . . . . 40
\triangleleft (/) . . . . . . . 20
type1cm (package) . . . . . . . . 87
\thinstar (⋆) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Type 1 (font) . . . . . . . . . . . 99
\triangleleft (◁) . . . . . . . 40
\third (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\trianglelefteq () . . . . . 40 U
thirty-second note . see musical
\trianglelefteq (E) . . . . . 39 \U (a) . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 16
symbols
\Thorn (Þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\trianglelefteq (⊴) . . . 39, 40 ¼˘) . . . . . .
\U (a .... . . . . . . . 13
\trianglelefteqslant (P) . 40 \u (ă) . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 13
\thorn (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\thorn (p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \triangleq (,) . . . . . . 20, 39 \UArrow ( ↑ ) ... . . . . . . . 69
\triangleq (≜) . . . . . . . . . . 40
4
\thorn (þ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \UB (<) . . . . . .... . . . . . . . 79
thousandths . . . . . . . . . . . see \TriangleRight ( ) . . . . . . 75 \ubar (u) . . . .... . . . . . . . 12
\textperthousand \triangleright () . . . . . . 40 ubulb.fd (file) ... . . . . 98, 99
\threesim (∼ ∼
∼) . . . . . . . . . . 91 \triangleright (.) . . . . . . . 20 \udesc (u) . . .... . . . . . . . 12
tilde 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19, 56, 57, \triangleright (▷) . . . . . . 40 \udot () . . . . .... . . . . . . . 22
59, 94, 101 \trianglerighteq () . . . . 40 \udotdot () . .... . . . . 23, 61
extensible . . . . . . . 57, 59 \trianglerighteq (D) . . . . 39 \udots (⋰) . . .... . . . . . . . 61
vertically centered . . . 101 \trianglerighteq (⊵) . . 39, 40 \udtimes (]) .... . . . . . . . 23
\tilde (˜) . . . . . . . . . . 56, 94 \trianglerighteqslant (Q) 40 \UHORN (Ư) . . .... . . . . . ... 9
\tildel (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 triangles . . . . . . . . . . 63, 75, 76 \uhorn (ư) . . .... . . . . . ... 9
time of day . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 1
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 75 \ulcorner (x) .... . . . . . . . 52
\timelimit (T) . . . . . . . . . 82 n 1
\TriangleUp ( vs. ) . . . . 88 \ulcorner (p) .... . . . . . . . 52
\times (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\times (×) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
n
\TriangleUp ( ) . . . . . . . . 75 \ulcorner (⌜) . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\triple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Times Roman (font) . . . 17, 89
\triplefrown () . . . . . . . . 48 \ullcorner (6) . . . . . . . . . . 54
timing (package) . . . . . . . . . 67 \triplesim (≋) . . . . . . . . . . 32
tipa (package) 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, \triplesmile () . . . . . . . . 48
90, 104, 105 \ulrcorner (;) . . . . . . . . . . 54
trsym (package) . . . 35, 104, 105
tipx (package) . . . . 11, 104, 105 \tsbm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 ulsy (package) . . 24, 48, 90, 104
\tndtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35
\tsdtstile ( ) . . . . . . . . 35 \Umd (ga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\tnststile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \tsmb ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 umlaut . . . . . . . . . see accents
\tntstile ( ) . . . . . . . . . 35 \tsmm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 unary operators . . . . . . . . . . 20
138
\unclear (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \updownarrows () . . . . . . . 44 \uptherefore (∴) . .... 23, 61
\underaccent . . . . . . . . . . . 94 \updownharpoonleftright (Q) 46 \Uptheta (Θ) . . . . .... . .. 50
\underarc (a ) ..... . . . . . . 16 \updownharpoonrightleft (U) 46 \uptheta (θ) . . . . . .... . .. 50
\uptodownarrow (þ)
^
\underarch (a) . . . . . . . . . . 15 \updownharpoons (ê) . . . . . . 43 ... . .. 42
\underbrace (loomoon) . . . . . . 58 \updownharpoons (⥮) . . . . . . 46 \upuparrows (Ò) . . .... . .. 42
\Updownline (∥) . . . . . . . . . 32 \upuparrows () . .... . .. 41
\underbrace ( ) . . . . . . . . . 58
® \updownline (∣) . . . . . . . . . 32 \upuparrows (⇈) . . .... . .. 44
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 58 \upepsilon (ε) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upupharpoons (Ú) .... . .. 43
\underbrace (|{z}) . . . . . . . 57 \upeta (η) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Upupsilon (Υ) . . . .... . .. 50
\upfilledspoon (q) . . . . . . . 47 \upupsilon (υ) . . . .... . .. 50
\underbracket ( ) . . . . . . . 58 \upfootline (y) . . . . . . . . . 32 \upvarepsilon (ε) . .... . .. 50
\underbracket ( ) . . . . 95, 96 \upfree () . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \upvarphi (ϕ) . . . . .... . .. 50
\underdots (r) . . . . . . . . . . 16 \Upgamma (Γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upvarpi (ϖ) . . . . .... . .. 50
\undergroup (looo n) . . . . . . . 58 \upgamma (γ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upvarrho (ρ) . . . . .... . .. 50
upgreek (package) . 50, 104, 105 \upvarsigma (σ) . . .... . .. 50
\undergroup ( ) . . . . . . . . 58
´¶ \upharpoonccw (↿) . . . . . . . . 46 \upvartheta (ϑ) . . .... . .. 50
\underleftarrow (← \upharpooncw (↾) . . . . . . . . 46 \upVdash (⍊) . . . . .... . .. 32
−) . . . . . 58
\underleftrightarrow (← \upharpoonleft (ä) . . . . . . . 43 \upvdash (⊥) . . . . . .... . .. 32
→) 58
\upharpoonleft () . . . . . . . 41 \Upxi (Ξ) . . . . . . . .... . .. 50
\underline ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 57
\upharpoonright (æ) . . . . . . 43 \upxi (ξ) . . . . . . . .... . .. 50
z
x
\underlinesegment ( ) . . . . 58
\upharpoonright () . . . . . . 41 \upY ()) . . . . . . . . .... . .. 23
\underparenthesis (|}) 95, 96 \upiota (ι) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upzeta (ζ) . . . . . . .... . .. 50
\underrightarrow (− \upkappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Uranus (G) . . . . . .... . .. 68
→) . . . . 58 \Uplambda (Λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Uranus (Ç) . . . . . . .... . .. 68
\underring (y) . . . . . . . . . . 16
\uplambda (λ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \uranus (Z) . . . . . . .... . .. 68
\urcorner (y) . . . .
underscore . . . . . . . . . . see \_
\uplett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 .... . .. 52
underscore (package) . . . . . . . 8
\uplsquigarrow (¡) . . . . . . . 44 \urcorner (q) . . . . .... . .. 52
\underset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
\uplus (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
undertilde (package) 59, 104, 105 \urcorner (⌝) . . . . . . . . . . . 54
\uplus (]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\undertilde (|) . . . . . . . . . 16
\uplus (⊎) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\underwedge (}) . . . . . . . . . 16 url (package) . . . . . . . . . . . 101
\upmapsto (↥) . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \US (␟) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
union . . . . . . . . . . . . see \cup \upModels (ñ) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
unit disk (D) . . . see alphabets, \upmodels (á) . . . . . . . . . . . 32
\usepackage . . . . . . . . . . ... 7
math \ut (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\upmu (µ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ˜ ( ) .
\utilde . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
\unitedpawns (u) . . . . . . . . 82 \upnu (ν) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
units (package) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \utimes (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
e
\Upomega (Ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
unity (1) . . see alphabets, math \upomega (ω) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\utimes ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
universa (package) . 76, 80, 104, Utopia (font) . . . . . . . . . 17, 29
\upp (t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
105 \upparenthfill . . . . . . . . . 95
universal (package) 71, 73, 76, 80, V
\Upphi (Φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
104, 105 \v (ǎ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
\upphi (φ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\unlhd (E) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21 \vara (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Uppi (Π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\unlhd (⊴) . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \varangle () . . . . . . . . . . 63
\uppi (π) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\varbigcirc (,) . . . . . . . . 21
\unrhd (D) . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21 \uppitchfork (⋔) . . . . . . . . 47
\unrhd (⊵) . . . . . . . . . . 39, 40 \uppropto () . . . . . . . . . . . 32 \VarClock ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 81
\upalpha (α) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Uppsi (Ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varclub (♧) . . . . . . . . . . . 64
\UParrow (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 \uppsi (ψ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varclubsuit (p) . . . . . . . . 63
\Uparrow (⇑) . . . . . . . . . 41, 53 upquote (package) . . . . . . . 101 \varcurlyvee () . . . . . . . . 21
\Uparrow (⇑) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \uprho (ρ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varcurlywedge ( ) . . . . . . 21
\uparrow (↑) . . . . . . . 41, 53, 87 upright Greek letters . . . . . . 50 \vardiamond (♦) . . . . . . . . . 64
\uparrow (↑) . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 \uprsquigarrow (©) . . . . . . . 44 \vardiamondsuit (q) . . . . . . 63
\uparrowtail (!) . . . . . . . . 44 upside-down symbols . . 100–101 \varEarth (J) . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\upbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 upside-down symbols 10–12, 16, \varepsilon (ε) . . . . . . . . . 49
\upbeta (β) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varepsilonup (ε) . . . . . . . . 50
90
\upbracketfill . . . . . . . . . 95 \Upsigma (Σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \VarFlag ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\upchi (χ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upsigma (σ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 varg (txfonts/pxfonts package op-
\Updelta (∆) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \Upsilon (Υ) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\updelta (δ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \upsilon (υ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \varg (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\Updownarrow (m) . . . . . 41, 53 \upsilonup (υ) . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varg (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\Updownarrow (⇕) . . . . . . . . 44 \upslice (À) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 \vargeq (©) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
\updownarrow (l) . . . . . 41, 53 \upspoon (⫯) . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 \varhash (#) . . . . . . . . . . . 63
\updownarrow (↕) . . . . . . . . 44 \upt (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 \varheart (♥) . . . . . . . . . . 64
\updownarrows (Ö) . . . . . . . 42 \uptau (τ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \varheartsuit (r) . . . . . . . 63
139
\varhexagon (9) . . . . . . . . . 74 \varspadesuit (s) . . ... . . 63 \veedot (/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\varhexstar (B) . . . . . . . . . 73 \varsqsubsetneq () ... . . 37 \veedoublebar ([) . . . . . . . 22
\vari (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 \varsqsubsetneqq () .. . . 37 \Venus (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
variable-sized symbols 25–29, 87, \varsqsupsetneq () ... . . 37 \Venus (Ã) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
89 \varsqsupsetneqq () .. . . 37 \venus (♀) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 68
\VarIceMountain ( ) . . . . . 81 \varstar () . . . . . . . ... . . 22 \vernal () . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
\varinjlim (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsubsetneq () . . ... . . 37 \Vert (k) . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 54
r −→
\varint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 \varsubsetneq ( ) . . ... . . 36 \vert (|) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 54
\various (R) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \varsubsetneq (⊊) . . ... . . 37 \vertbowtie (⧖) . . . . . . . . . 23
\varkappa (κ) . . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsubsetneqq () . ... . . 37 \vertdiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\varleq (¨) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \varsubsetneqq (&) . ... . . 36 \VHF (@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
\varliminf (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49 \varsubsetneqq (⫋) . . ... . . 37 \Vier (ˇ “ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\VarSummit ( ) . . . . ... . . 81 vietnam (package) . . . . . . . 104
\varlimsup (lim) . . . . . . . . . 49
\varmathbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 \varsupsetneq () . . ... . . 37
\Village ( ) . . . . . . . . 81
\VarMountain ( ) . . . . . . . . 81 \varsupsetneq (!) . . ... . . 36 \vin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
\varnothing (∅) . . . . 20, 62, 63 \varsupsetneq (⊋) . . ... . . 37
vinculum . . . . . . see \overline
\varnothing (∅) . . . . . . . . . 63 \varsupsetneqq () . ... . . 37
\ViPa (> ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79
\varnotin (T) . . . . . . . . . . . 51 \varsupsetneqq (') . ... . . 36
\Virgo (å) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68
\varnotowner (U) . . . . . . . . 51 \varsupsetneqq (⫌) . . ... . . 37
\virgo (`) . . . . . . . . . . .. 68
\varoast () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\VarTaschenuhr ( ) . . . . .. 81 \VM (>) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79
\varobar () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\vartheta (ϑ) . . . . . . . . . .. 49 vntex (package) . . . . . . . . 9, 13
\varobslash () . . . . . . . . . 21
\varthetaup (ϑ) . . . . . . . .. 50 \vod (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
\varocircle () . . . . . . . . . 21 ˚
\vartimes (") . . . . . . . . . .. 21 \voicedh (h) . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
\varodot () . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\vartriangle (M) . . . . . . .. 63 \vppm ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82
\varogreaterthan (5) F. . . . 21
\vartriangle (△) . . . . . . .. 40 ˙
\vpppm (¯˙ ) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82
\varoiiintclockwise ( ) . 27
N \vartriangleleft () . . .. 40 ˙
\VT (␋) .¯. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69
\varoiiintctrclockwise ( ) \vartriangleleft (C) . . .. 39 #»
\vv ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59
. . . . .!. . . . 27 \vartriangleleft (⊲) . . 39, 40 \VvDash () . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
\varoiint ( ) . . . . B . . . . . . 28 \vartriangleright () . . .. 40 \Vvdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
\varoiintclockwise ( ) . . 27 \vartriangleright (B) . .. 39 \Vvdash () . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
J
\varoiintctrclockwise ( ) 27 \vartriangleright (⊳) . 39, 40 \Vvdash (⊪) . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
u
\varoint ( ) . . . . .- . . . . . . 25 \varv (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 \vvvert (~) . . . . . . . . . . .. 54
\varointclockwise ( ) . . . . 27 \varw (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
ff \vary (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
\varointclockwise ( ) +. . . . 28 W
\VBar ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 75 \WashCotton (‰) . . . . . . . . 80
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . 27
fl \vbipropto () . . . . . . . . .. 23 \WashSynthetics (Š) . . . . 80
\varointctrclockwise ( ) . . 28
\vcentcolon (:) . . . . . . . . .. 34 \WashWool (‹) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\varolessthan (4) . . . . . . . 21
\vcenter . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 \wasylozenge (◊) . . . . . . . . 78
\varomega () . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\vcrossing () . . . . . . . . .. 32 \wasypropto () . . . . . . . . . 30
\VDash (() . . . . . . . . .
\varominus () . . . . . . . . . . 21
. . .. 31 wasysym (package) . . . . . . . 12,
\varopeno (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\VDash (⊫) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 17, 19–21, 25, 30, 36, 38, 41,
\varoplus () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Vdash (,) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 61–63, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 78,
\varoslash () . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Vdash (
) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 88, 104, 105
\varotimes () . . . . . . . . . . 21 \Vdash (⊩) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 \wasytherefore (∴) . . . . . . 61
\varovee (6) . . . . . . . . . . . 21 \vDash (() . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 wavy-line delimiters . . . . 54, 55
\varowedge (7) . . . . . . . . . . 21 \vDash () . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 \wbetter (f) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\varparallel (∥) . . . . . . . . 31 \vDash (⊧) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 \wdecisive (h) . . . . . . . . . 82
\varparallelinv (
) . . . . . . 31 \vdash (`) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 \weakpt (J) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
\varphi (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \vdash (⊢) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33
\WeakRain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 80
\varphiup (ϕ) . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\varpi ($) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
\vdotdot (∶) . . . . . . . .
.
. 23, 61
\WeakRainCloud ( ) . . . . . . 80
\vdots (..) . . . . . . . . . . weather symbols . . . . . . . . . 80
\varpiup ($) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . 61
\varprod ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27 \vdots (⋮) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 \Wecker ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 81
\varprojlim (lim) . . . . . . . . 49
←− \vec (⃗) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \wedge (^) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
\varpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . 30 \vec (~) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 \wedge (∧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
\varpropto (∝) . . . . . . . . . . 33 \Vectorarrow (p) . . . . . . . . . 64 \wedge (∧) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\varQ ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \Vectorarrowhigh (P) . . . . . . 64 \wedgedot (.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23
\varrho (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \vee (_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Weierstrass ℘ function . see \wp
\varrhoup (%) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 \vee (∨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \Wheelchair (w) . . . . . . . . . 76
\varsigma (ς) . . . . . . . . . . . 49 \vee (∨) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \whistle (aŢ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
\varsigmaup (ς) . . . . . . . . . 50 \veebar (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 \whitestone . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
\varspade (♤) . . . . . . . . . . 64 \veebar (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 whole note see musical symbols
140
Wick contractions . . . . . . . . 96 Xdvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 \xrightharpoonup (−
*) . . . . 59
\widearrow (t) . . . . . . . . . . 58 −
*
−-) . . . . . 59
\xhookleftarrow (← \xrightleftharpoons ()−) . 59
\widebar (s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
\widecheck (q) . . . . . . . . . . 58 \xhookrightarrow (,− →) . . . . 59 \xrightleftharpoons (−
*
)−) . 59
\widehat (̂) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 \Xi (Ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Xs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 76
\widehat (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \xi (ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
#
\XSolid ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
\wideparen (u) . . . . . . . . . . 58 \xiup (ξ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
\XSolidBold ( ) $ . . . . . . . . 73
%
\wideparen (Ì) . . . . . . . . . . 58 =)
\xLeftarrow (⇐ . . . . . . . . 59
\wideparen (Û) . . . . . . . . . . 57 \XSolidBrush ( ) . . . . . . . . 73
−) . . . . . . . . 59
\xleftarrow (←
\widering (Û̊) . . . . . . . . . . . 58 \xtwoheadleftarrow (−−−) 60
−) . . . 59
\xleftharpoondown ()
\widering (Û̊) . . . . . . . . . . . 57 \xtwoheadrightarrow (−−−) 60
\widetilde (̃) . . . . . . . . . . 58 −) . . . . . 59
\xleftharpoonup ((
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
\widetilde (e) . . . . . . . 57, 59 ⇒)
\xLeftrightarrow (⇐ . . . 60
\widetriangle (Ê) . . . . . . . 57 Y
\wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 ⇒)
\xLeftrightarrow (⇐ . . . 59
\Ydown () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 →)
\xleftrightarrow (← . . . 60 yen . . . . . . . . . . . see \textyen
Windows® . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 →)
\xleftrightarrow (← . . . 59 yfonts (package) . . . 65, 104, 105
\with (&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 yhmath (package) 57, 59, 62, 94,
\with (w) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 (
\xleftrightharpoons (−
+−) . 59 104
\withattack (A) . . . . . . . . . 82 \xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 60 \Yinyang (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . 80
\withidea (E) . . . . . . . . . . 82 \Yleft () . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\withinit (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \xlongequal (===) . . . . . . . . 60 \yogh (`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\without (v) . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \xLongleftarrow (⇐=
=) . . . . 60 \yogh (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
\wn (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 \Yright () . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
−) . . . . 60
\xlongleftarrow (←− \Yup () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\Womanface (þ) . . . . . . . . . 80
won . . . . . . . . . . see \textwon \xLongleftrightarrow (⇐= =⇒)
\wp (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . . . . . . . . . 60 Z
\wp (℘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Zapf Chancery (font) . . . ... 65
\xlongleftrightarrow (←− −→)
Z
\wr (o) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Zapf Dingbats (font) . . . 71, 73
. . . . . . . . . 60
\wr (≀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 \Zborder ( ) . . . . . . . . ... 77
\wreath (≀) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 =⇒) . . . 60
\xLongrightarrow (= \zeta (ζ) . . . . . . . . . . . ... 49
wreath product . . . . . . see \wr −→) . . . 60
\xlongrightarrow (− \zetaup (ζ) . . . . . . . . . . ... 50
\Writinghand (b) . . . . . . . . 76 \Zodiac . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 68
\xmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . . . . 59 zodiacal symbols . . . . . . ... 68
wsuipa (package) 11, 15, 16, 88,
\Ztransf ( s ... c) . . . . . . . . . 35
.
90, 94, 104, 105 \xmapsto (7−→) . . . . . . . . . . 60
XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 \ztransf ( c ... s) . . . . . . . . . 35
.
\wupperhand (c) . . . . . . . . . 82
⇒) . . . . . . . . 59
\xRightarrow (= \zugzwang (D) . . . . . . . . . . 82
X
\x ( ˙˙) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 →) . . . . . . . 59
\xrightarrow (− \Zwdr (ˇ “* ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
\XBox˙˙ (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 \xrightharpoondown (−
+) . . 59 \ZwPa ( A ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
141