Modul Ramalan Fizik 2013 Dan Skema SMK Merbau Miri

NAME:.
CLASS:.
PHYSICS
PAPER2
PREDICT2013
SMKMERBAUMIRISARAWAK
QUESTION
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STRUCTURES,ESSAYS(LIMITEDANDOPENRESPONSES)
SUBTOPIC
TRANSFORMER
CONCEPTOFHOOKESLAWFORSPRING
SEMICONDUCTORDIODE
SEMICONDUCTORDIODE
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
WAVES(INTERFERENCE)
WAVES(DIFFRACTION/REFRACTION)
WAVES(INTERFERENCEOFLIGHTRAY)
WAVES(APPLICATION)ANDCOMPONENTOFLIGHT
GASLAWS(BOYLESLAW,CHARLESLAWANDPRESSURELAW)
MIRROR
SIGHTNESSPROBLEM
OPTICALFIBRE
LIGHT(OPTICALDEVICES)
LIGHT(OPTICALDEVICES)
CONCEPTOFREFRACTION,CRITICALANGLEANDTOTALINTERNALREFLECTION
BERNOULLIPRINCIPLE
ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
PASCALSPRINCIPLE
ELECTRICITYANDOHMSLAW
ELECTRICITYANDHEATINGELEMENT
ELECTRICITYANDHEATINGELEMENT
CURRENT,VOLTAGEANDRESISTANCECOMPARISONS
FARADAYSLAWANDLENZSLAW
CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNET
CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
TRANSISTORASCURRENTAMPLIFIER
APPLICATIONOFMIRROR
WAVEOFOSCILLATEDSPRING
SOUNDWAVE
MOMENTUM,IMPULSEANDIMPULSIVEFORCE
APPLICATIONOFTRANSFORMER
PRESSUREINLIQUID
CONCEPTOFDENSITYANDARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
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REMARK
PAPER2PREDICT
PHYSICS2013
QUESTION1TRANSFORMER
Diagram1showsthreetransformersX,YandZ.Eachtransformerhasits ownspecificnumberofturnsofprimaryand
secondarycoilsrespectively.Eachtransformerisconnectedto240Valternatingcurrentsuppliers.Theoutputforeach
transformerisconnectedtoelectricfilamentbulbsindifferentarrangement.
Rajah1menunjukkantigatransformer,X,YdanZ.Setiaptransformermempunyaispesifikasibilangangegelungprimerdansekunder
masingmasing. Setiap transformer disambungkan kepada 240 V bekalan arus ulangalik. Output bagi setiap transformer
disambungkankepadamentolmentolfilamentdalamcarasambunganyangberbeza.
TransformerXTransformerYTransformerZ
Diagram1/Rajah1
(a) (i)
Whatisidealtransformer/Apakahitutransformerunggul??[1marks/markah]
(ii)
...
StatethetypeoftransformerusedinDiagram1.[1mark/markah]
NyatakanjenistransformeryangdigunakandalamRajah1.
(iii)
...
Stateonereasonwhythea.c.voltageissupplied. [1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatusebabmengapavoltana.udibekalkan?
(b)
...
Statetheprincipleinvolvedfortransformer.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanprinsipyangterlibatuntuktransformer.
(c)
..
Explaintheworkingprinciplefortransformer.[5marks/markah]
Terangkanprinsipkerjauntuktransformer.
..
..
(d)
..
Statethefunctionofdiodeinthecircuit.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanfungsidioddalamlitar.
(e)
..
Allthetransformersarethesameandproducethesameoutputvoltage.
Calculateoutputvoltageforthetransformers.[2marks/markah]
Kesemuatransformeradalahsamadanmenghasilkanvoltanoutputyangsama.
Kirakanvoltanoutputbagitransformertransformer.
(f)
Whentheswitchison,0.25Acurrentflowsthroughtheprimarycoilineachtransformer.Allthebulbslightsup
normally.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, arus 0.25 A mengalir melalui gegelung primer dalam setiap transformer. Kesemua mentol menyala
secaranormal.
(i)
Calculatetheinputpowerforeachtransformer.[2marks /markah]
Hitungkuasainputbagisetiaptransformer.
(ii)
...
Determinetheoutputpowerforeachtransformer.[3marks /markah]
Tentukankuasaoutputbagisetiaptransformer.
(iii)
...
BetweentransformerX,YandZ,whichonehasthehighestefficiency?[1mark/markah]
AntaratransformerX,YdanZ,yangmanakahmempunyaikecekapantertinggi?
(iv)
...
Giveareasonforyouranswerin1(f)(iii).[1mark / markah]
Berikansatusebabuntukjawapanandadi1(f)(iii).
...
1
(g)
(i)
Ifthetransformersareideal,whatistheoutputpower?[1mark /markah]
Jikatransformertransformeradalahunggul,berapakahkuasaoutputnya?
(ii)
....
Stateonereasonwhytheefficiencyofthetransformerislessthan100%.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatusebabmengapakecekapantransformeradalahkurangdaripada100%?
(iii)
....
Stateonesteptoovercometheproblemin1(g)(ii)above.[1mark /markah]
Nyatakansatucarauntukmengatasimasalahdidalam1(g)(ii)atas.
(h)
....
Astudentwantstobuildasimpletransformer. Table1 showsthecharacteristicoffourcores.
Seorangpelajarhendakmembinasatutransformerringkas.Jadual1menunjukkanciriciribagiempatteras.
Core
Shapeofthecore
Materialofcore
Typeofcore
Thicknessofwire
Teras
Bentukteras
Bahanteras
Jenisteras
Ketebalanwayar
Softiron
Laminated
Thick
Besilembut
Berlamina
Tebal
Steel
Single
Thin
Keluli
Tunggal
Nipis
B
C
Steel
Single
Thin
Keluli
Tunggal
Nipis
Softiron
Laminated
Thick
Besilembut
Berlamina
Tebal
Table1/Jadual1
Explainthesuitabilityofthecharacteristicsgivensothatitcanproducethemostefficienttransformer.Choosethe
bestcoreandjustifyyouranswer.[10marks/markah]
Terangkankesesuaianciriciridiberisupayadapatmenghasilkantransformeryangpalingcekap.Pilihterasyangpalingbaik
danjustifikasikanjawapananda.
(i)
Diagram1.2showsacrosssectionofamovingcoilmicrophone.
Rajah1.2menunjukkankeratanrentasbagisuatumikrofongegelungbergerak.
Diagram1.2/Rajah1.2
Whenthediaphragmmovesinresponsetosound,theattachedcoilmovesinthemagneticfieldandgeneratesa
verysmallcurrentinthewireofthecoil.
Using an appropriate concept in physics, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways to enable the
microphonetodetectsoundeffectivelyandgeneratebiggercurrentbasedonthefollowingaspect:
Apabiladiaframabergerakbalaskepadabunyi,gegelungyangtersambungkepadanyabergerakkedalammedanmagnetdan
menjanakansatuaruselektrikyangsangatkecildalamwayargegelung.
Menggunakankonsepfizikyangsesuai,cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuaianataucaramembolehkanmikrofonmengesan
bunyidenganberkesandanmenjanaarusbesarberdasarkanaspekberikut:
(i)thicknessofdiaphragm/ketebalandiaframa
(ii)strengthofthematerialfordiaphragm/kekuatanbahandiaframa
(iii)numberofturnsofcoil/bilangangegelung
(iv)diameterofthewireofcoil/diameterwayargegelung
(v)strengthofmagnet/kekuatanmagnet
QUESTION2CONCEPTOFSPRING
Diagram2.1showsaspringwhichisbeingextendedforadistance,x byamass,m andtheresultsareshowninagraph
inDiagram2.2.
Rajah2.1menunjukkansatuspringyangdipanjangkankepadasuatujarak,x,olehsatujisimdankeputusanditunjukkandalamgraf
dalamRajah2.2.
Diagram2.1/Rajah2.1Diagram2.2/Rajah2.2
(a) WhatismeantbyHookesLaw?[1mark/markah]
ApakahyangdimaksudkandenganhukumHooke?
(b)
Whatismeantbyspringconstant?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganpemalarspring?
(c)
Byapplyingtheconceptof2(b)andinformationinDiagram2.2:
Denganmengaplikasikankonsep2(b)danmaklumatdalamRajah2.2:
(i)
HowwouldyoushowthatHookeslawisobeyed? [1mark/markah]
BagaimanaandaakanmenunjukkanbahawahukumHookedipatuhi?
(d)
Nametheforceactingonthespringwhenitisbeing [2 marks /markah]

stretched/diregangkan:..
compressed/dimampatkan:..
FromtheDiagram2.2,calculatethespring constant,k ofthespring? [2 marks /markah]
(ii)
DaripadaRajah2.2,hitungpemalarspring,kbagispringitu.
(e)
Suggestawaytoincreasetheelasticityofaspring.[1mark/markah]
Cadangsatucarauntukmenambahkankeelastikansuatuspring.
(f)
Allspringshaveitselasticity.Whatismeantbyelasticity? [1mark/markah]
Semuaspringmempunyaikeelastikannya.Apakahmaksudkeelastikan?
(g)
Explainwhyaspringis elastic?[5marks/markah]
Terangkanmengapasuatuspringadalahelastik?
(h)
Diagram2.3showstheconditionoffour identicalsteelsprings,beforeandafteraloadisplacedonthem.
Rajah2.3menunjukkankeadaanbagiempatspringkeluliyangseiras,sebelumdanselepassatuloaddiletakkanpadanya.
(i)
Diagram2.3/Rajah2.3
Nametheformofenergystoredinthespringwhenitiscompressed.[1mark/markah]
Namakanbentuktenagayangtersimpandidalamspringapabilaiadimampatkan.
(ii)
....
Calculatethespringconstant,k.[1mark /markah]
Hitungpemalarspring,k,itu.
....
(iii)
(iv)
Calculatetheenergystoredinthespringwhenitiscompressedby3.6NloadasinDiagram2.3.
Hitungtenagatersimpandalamspringapabilaiadimampatkanolehbeban3.6NsepertidalamRajah2.3.
[2marks/markah]
Calculatethelengthofspring,x,inDiagram2.3.[2marks /markah]
Hitungpanjangspring,x,dalamRajah2.3.
(i)
Table2.1showsthearrangementofspringsintheweighingscale withitscharacteristics.
Jadual2.1menunjukkansusunanspringdalampenimbangskaladenganciricirnya.
Weighingscale
Springconstant(Nm1)
Springused
Penimbangskala
Pemalarspring(Nm1)
Springdigunakan
Lengthofspring Rustingrate
Panjangspring
Kadarpengaratan
P
850
2springinparallel
Long
Low
2springdalamselari
Panjang
Rendah
Onespringinseries
Short
High
Satuspringdalamsiri
Pendek
Tinggi
Onespringinseries
Satuspringdalamsiri
Long
Low
Panjang
Rendah
2springinparallel
2springdalamselari
Short
High
Pendek
Tinggi
Q
250
200
800
Table2.1/Jadual2.1
Explainthesuitabilityoftheweighingscalebasedonthecharacteristicsgivensothatcanbeusedtomeasurethe
smallquantityoffoodinaccurately.Determinethemostweighingscaletobeuseddanjustifyyourchoice.
Terangkan kesesuaian penimbang skala berdasarkan ciriciri diberi supaya ia boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kuantiti
makananyangkecildengantepat.Tentukanpenimbangskalayangpalingsesuaidigunakandanjustifikasikanpilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
(j)
Diagram2.4showsastrongspringwhichisusedtomakeababyscradle.
Rajah2.4menunjukkansatuspringkuatyangdigunakanuntukmembuatbuaianbayi.
Diagram2.4/Rajah2.4
Table2.2showsthecharacteristicsofspringwhichcouldbeusedtomakethebabyscradle.
Jadual2.2menunjukkanciricirispringyangdigunakanuntukmembuatbuaianbayi.
Spring Forceconstant(Ncm1)
Spring
Pemalardaya(Ncm1)
P
Q
R
S
T
40
100
50
150
20
Diameterofwire(cm)
Diameterwayar(cm)
Diameterofthecoils(cm)
Diametergegelung(cm)
Material
Bahan
5.0
0.2
Alloy /Aloi
2.0
0.5
Iron /Besi
4.0
0.8
Steel /Keluli
5.0
0.5
Steel /Keluli
1.0
0.4
Iron /Besi
Table2.2/Jadual2.2
YouareaskedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsofthespringsinTable2.2whichcouldbeusedtomakethebabys
cradleasshowninDiagram2.4.ExplainthesuitabilityofthecharacteristicsinTable2.2andhence,determinethe
mostsuitablespringtobeused.Justifyyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Anda diminta untuk menyiasat ciriciri spring dalam Jadual 2.2 yang boleh digunakan untuk membuat buaian bayi seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.4. Terangkan kesesuaian ciriciri dalam Jadual 2.2 dan kemudian, tentukan spring yang paling
sesuaidigunakan.Justifikasipilihananda.
(k)
Diagram 2.5 shows the graph of force against extension for two springs of same lengths which are made of
differentalloys.
Rajah 2.5 menunjukkan graf daya melawan pemanjangan bagi two spring yang sama panjang yang diperbuat daripada aloi
yangberlainan.
(i)
Diagram2.5/Rajah2.5
Whatistherelationshipbetweentheforce,F,withtheextension,x?[1mark/markah]
Apakahhubunganantaradaya,F,denganpemanjangan,x?
(ii)
.
Statealawwhichexplainstherelationship?[1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatuhukumyangmenerangkanhubunganitu.
(iii)
.
Whatisthequantityrepresentedbythegradientofgraph?[1mark/markah]
Apakahkuantitifizikalyangdigambarkanolehkecerunangraf?
(iv)
.
Ifthetwospringsareneededtomakeaninertiabalance,whichspringinDiagram2.5willproduceamore
sensitiveinertiabalance?Stateyourreason.[2marks/markah]
Jika dua spring diperlukan untuk membuat satu neraca penimbang, yang manakah spring dalam Rajah 2.5 akan
menghasilkanneracapenimbangyanglebihsensitif?Berisebabanda.
QUESTION3 SEMICONDUCTORDIODE
Diagram3.1andDiagram3.2showsasmallamountofimpuritiesareaddedintothepurecrystalofsemiconductor.
Rajah3.1danRajah3.2menunjukkansebilangankecilbendasingdimasukkankedalamsemikonduktortulen.
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
In
Si
Si
As
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si
Si Silicon atom
In Indium atom
Si Silicon atom
As Arsenic atom
Atom silikon
Atom indium
Atom silikon
Atom arsenik
Electron
Hole
Electron
Hole
Elektron
Lohong
Elektron
Lohong
(a) Whatissemiconductor?[1mark/markah]
Apakahsemikonduktor?
.
(b) BasedonDiagram3.1andDiagram3.2,comparethetypeofsemiconductorformed,functionandvalencyofthe
impuritiesaddedintothepuresemiconductorandthemajoritychargecarriersinbothofthem.
Nametheprocessofaddingimpuritiesintopuresemiconductor.[5marks]
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, banding jenis semikonduktor yang terbentuk, fungsi dan valensi bagi bendasing
yangditambahkankedalamsemikonduktortulendanpembawacasmajoritidalamkeduaduanya.
Namakanprosespenambahanbendasingkedalamsemikonduktortulen.[5markah]
(c)
.
WhentheseminconductorinDiagram3.1 andDiagram3.2arejoined,itwillmakeasemiconductordiode.
Statethefunctionofsemiconductordiode.Explainwhycurrentflowswhenadiodeisconnectedtoadrycellin
forwardbiasarrangement.[4marks]
ApabilasemikonduktordalamRajah3.1danRajah3.2digabungkan,iaakanmembentuksatudiodsemikonduktor.
Nyatakan fungsi bagi diod semikonduktor.Terangkan mengapa arus mengalir apabila satu diod disambungkan kepada sel
keringdalamkeadaanpincangkedepan.[4markah]
(d) Diagram3.3showsatransistorinacircuit.
Rajah3.3menunjukkansatutransistordidalamsatulitar.
Diagram3.3/Rajah3.3
Using appropriate physics concept, explain the use of any other suitable electronics appliances to make up an
automaticcircuittoswitchonstreetlightsatnightandalsowhenthesurroundingsaredark,forexamplewhen
thereisastormorheavyrain.Thelightbulbislabeled240V,120Wanda.cINPUT.
Drawaschematicdiagramtoshowtheconnectioninyourcircuitandfurtherexplainhowthecircuitfunctions.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan penggunaan sebarang alat elektronik untuk membentuk satu litar
automatik yang akan menyalakan lampu jalan raya pada waktu malam dan juga apabila keadaan adalah gelap, contohnya
apabilaributpetiratauhujanlebat.Mentolituberlabel240V,120WdanINPUTa.u.
Lukissaturajahuntukmenunjukkansambungandalamlitardanterangkanbagaimanalitarberfungsi.
Youranswershouldincludethefollowingaspects:
Jawapanandahendaklahmerangkumiaspekaspekberikut:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(e)
Sourceofelectricalenergy/Sumbertenagaelektrik
Electronicsappliance(s)whichissensitivetolight/Alatelektronikyangpekacahaya
Typeoftransistorused/Jenistransistoryangdigunakan
Anyotherelectronicsappliance(s)anditsfunction/Sebarangalatelektronikdiperlukandanfungsinya
[10marks/markah]
Table3.1showsthecharacteristicsoffouralternatingcurrentgenerators,W,X,Y andZ.
Jadual3.1menunjukkancirriciribagiempatpenjanaarusulangalik,W,X,YdanZ.
Generator/Penjana Numberofturnsofcoil /Bilangangegelung Strengthofmagnets/Kekuatanmagnet
W
X
Y
Z
6000
High/Tinggi
10000
Medium/Sederhana
9000
High/Tinggi
5000
Medium/Sederhana
Table3.1/Jadual3.1
Table3.2showsthecharacteristicsofrectificationcircuits,A,B,CandDtobeusedwithoneofthegenerators.
Jadual3.2menunjukkanciriciribagilitarrektifikasi,A,B,CdanDyangakandigunakandengansatupenjana.
Rectificationcircuit
Litarrektifikasi
CapacitanceofC
KapasitanC
Large
Small
Large
Small
Besar
Kecil
Besar
Kecil
Table3.2/Jadual3.2
Studythespecificationsofallthefourgeneratorsandfourrectificationcircuitsfromthefollowingaspects:
Kajispesifikasibagisemuaempatjenispenjanadanempatlitarrektifikasidaripadaaspekaspekberikut:
Numberofturnsofcoilinthegenerator/Bilangangegelungdalampenjana
Strengthofthemagnetsinthegenerator/Kekuatanmagnetdalampenjana
Arrangementofcomponentsintherectificationcircuit/Susunankomponenkomponendalamlitarrektifikasi
Capacitanceofthecapacitorintherectificationcircuit/Kapasitankapasitordalamlitarrektifikasi
Statethemostsuitablegeneratorandthemostsuitablerectificationcircuittobeused.Givejustifications.
Nyatakanpenjanayangpalingsesuaidanlitarrektifikasiyangpalingsesuaiuntukdigunakan.Berijustifikasi.
[10marks/markah]
(a)
Diagram4.1andDiagram4.2showstwodiodesA andB,twoidenticalbulbsP andQareconnectedtoadrycellin
twodifferentarrangements.
Rajah4.1danRajah4.2menunjukkanduadiodAdanB,duamentolseirasPdanQyangdisambungkankepadasatuselkering
dalamduacarapenyusunanberlainan.
Diode
Diode
Bulb
Bulb
Diod
Mentol
Diod
Switch
Mentol
Switch
Suis
Suis
Thediodeismadeofjoinbetweenptypeandntypesemiconductor.
Dioditudiperbuatdaripadagabungansemikonduktorjenispdanjenisn.
(a)
Whatissemiconductor?[1mark/markah]
Apakahitusemiconductor?
..
(b) Givetwoexamplesofsemiconductormaterials.[2marks/markah]
Beriduacontohbahansemikonduktor.
(c)
..
Thedopingofsemiconductorwithothermaterialcanimproveitsconductivity.
(i)
Pendopansemikonduktordenganbahanlainbolehmemperbaikikekonduksiannya.
Whatismeantbydoping?[1mark/markah]
Apakahmaksudpendopan?
(ii)
Withaidofdiagram,explainhowyougotoproduceaptypesemiconductor.[5marks/markah]
Denganbantuangambarajah,terangkanbagaimanaandamenghasilkansemikonduktorjenisp.
(iii) Withaidofdiagram,explainhowyougotoproducentypesemiconductor.[5marks/markah]
Denganbantuangambarajah,terangkanbagaimanaandamenghasilkansemikonduktorjenisn.
(d) BasedonDiagram4.1andDiagram4.2:
BerdasarkanpadaRajah4.1danRajah4.2:
(i)
Comparetheconnectionofdiodestotheterminalofthedrycell.[2marks/markah]
Bandingsambungandioddiodkepadaterminalselkering.
(ii)
Diagram4.1/Rajah4.1:
Comparethelightingofthebulbs.[1mark/markah]
Bandingnyalaanmentolmentolitu.
..
(iii) Statethefunctionofthediode.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanfungsidioditu.
..
(e)
Draw the arrangement of four diodes and suitable power supply in the space given in Diagram 4.3 that can be
usedtoproducefullwaverectifiercircuit.[2marks/markah]
Lukis susunan empat diod dan bekalan kuasa yang sesuai dalam ruangan dalam Rajah 3 yang boleh menghasilkan litar
rektifikasipenuhgelombang.
(f)
Diagram4.3/Rajah4.3
Basedonthecircuitin4(e),sketchtheoutputvoltageshownbyCROonthespacebelow:[2marks/markah]
Berdasarkanpadalitardalam4(e),lakarkanvoltanoutputyangditunjukkanolehOSKpadaruanganbawah.
(g)
IfthereisacapacitorbeingconnectedparalleltotheresistorR,sketchthenewoutputvoltageshownbyCROon
thespacebelow.[2marks/markah]
JikasatukapasitordisambungkansecaraselarikepadaperintangR,lakarkanbentukvoltanoutputbaruyangditunjukkanoleh
CROpadaruanganbawah.
(h) Statethefunctionofcapacitorinfullwaverectificationcircuit.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanfungsikapasitordalamlitarrektifikasigelombangpenuh.
(i)
Diagram4.4showsatransformerwithabulbatitsoutputterminals.Thebulblightsupatnormalbrightness.
Rajah4.4menunjukkansatutransformerdansatumentolpadaterminaloutput.Mentolitumenyalapadakecerahannormal.
(i)
Diagram4.4/Rajah4.4
StatethetypeoftransformerusedinDiagram4.4. [1mark/markah]
NyatakanjenistransformeryangdigunakandalamRajah4.4.
(ii)
...
Determinethevalueofnumberofturnsofprimarycoils,NP. [2marks/markah]
TentukannilaibagibilangangegelungprimerNp.
..
(iii) Calculatetheefficiencyofthetransformer. [2marks/markah]
Hitungkecekapanbagitransformeritu.
..
(iv) Explainwhytransformermustusea.c.voltageinsteadofd.cvoltage? [1mark/markah]
Terangkanmengapatransformermestimenggunakanvoltana.udaripadavoltana.t.?
...
QUESTION5 RADIOACTIVITY
Diagram 5.1 shows a method used to detect leakage of pipes lay underground. A little radioisotope substance is
dissolvedinthewaterthatflowsinthepipes.AGeigerMullertubewhichisconnectedtotheratemeteristhenmoved
overthepipesaccordingtothelayoutplanoftheundergroundpipes.
Rajah5.1menunjukkansatukaedahuntukmengesankebocoranpaipdibawahbumi.Sedikitbahanradioisotopdilarutkankedalam
air yang akan mengalir di dalam paip. Satu tiub GeigerMuller yang disambungkan kepada kadar meter kemudian digerakkan
menerusipaipmengikutpelanpaipbawahbumi.
Diagram5.1/Rajah5.1
Table5.1showsthereadingsoftheratemeteratthedifferentlocations.
Jadual5.1menunjukkanbacaanbacaanbagikadarmeterpadalokasiberlainan.
LocationofGeigerMullerTube
290
295
284
372 290 216
LokasibagitiubGeiderMuller
Readingoftheratemeter(countsperminute)
Bacaanbagikadarmeter(bilangperminit)
(a)
Table5.1/Jadual5.1
Whatismeantbyradioisotope? [1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganradioisotop?
..
(b) BasedonTable5.1,statethelocationonthepipewheretheleakagetakesplace.Statereasonforyouranswer.
BerdasarkanpadaJadual5.1.nyatakanlokasipadapaipdimanakebocorandikesan.Nyatakansebabuntukjawapananda.
[1mark/markah]
..
..
(c)
Radioactivedecayisaprocesswhereanunstablenucleusbecomesamorestablenucleusbyemittingradiation.
Table5.2showsthedecayofaradioactivenucleus.Radioactivityisarandomandspontaneousprocess.
Pereputan radioaktif merupakan satu proses di mana nukleus tidak stabil menjadi nukleus stabil dengan membebaskan
sinaran.Jadual5.2menunjukkanpereputanbaginukleusradioaktif.Radioaktivitiadalahposesrawakdanspontan.
0
4
8
12
16
Time(hour)/Masa(jam)
(i)
Radioactive(Countsperminute)/Radioaktif(bilangperminute) 4000 2000

Table5.2/Jadual5.2
Whatismeantbythetermradioactivity andhalflife?[1mark/markah]
1000
500
250
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganistilahradioaktivitidanseparuhhayat?
(ii)
.
Whatismeantbyalpha,betaandgamma?Matchthefollowing [3marks/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganalfa,betadangama?
.
(iii) Whatismeantbyrandom?[1mark/markah]
Apakahmaksudrawak?
.
(iv) Whatismeantbyspontaneous?[1mark/markah]
Apakahmaksudspontan?
10
(c)
(v)
Onthegraphpaperbelow,drawagraphofradioactivityagainsttime.
Padakertasgrafbawah,lukiskansatugrafradioaktivitimelawanmasa.
Radioactivity(Countsperminute)
Radioaktiviti(Bilangperminit)
4000
3000
2000
1000
Time(hour)
4
12
16
Masa(jam)
(vi) Basedonyouranswerin5(c)(v),determinethehalflifeoftheradioactive.[2marks/markah]
Berdasarkanpadajawapanandadi4(c)(v),tentukanseparuhhayatbagiradioaktifitu.
(d) Diagram5.2showsanuclideThorium234, 234Th isplacedinacontainer.Thorium234nuclidedecaystoanuclide

90
Radium226,
226
88
Ra byemittingparticleandparticle.
Rajah5.2menunjukkansatunuklidaThorium243,
nuklida
(i)
226
88
234
90
Th yangdiletakkandalamsatubekas.Nuklida 234
90Th mereputkepada
Ra denganmembebaskanzarahdanzarah.
Diagram5.2/Rajah5.2
InDiagram5.2,drawthepathofparticleandparticle. [2marks/markah]
DalamRajah5.2,lukislaluanbagizarahdanzarah.
(ii)
Explainyouranswerin5(d)(i).[1mark/markah]
Terangkanjawapanandadi5(d)(i).
....
(iii) CalculatethenumberofparticleandparticlethatemittedintheThorium234decaysafterwritingthe
decayequation.[2marks/markah]
Hitung bilangan zarah dan zarah yang dibebaskan dalam Thorium234 pereputan selepas menulis persamaan
pereputan.
....
(iv) Thorium234hashalflifeof20daysandinitialmassof48g.CalculatethemassofundecayedThorium234
after60days.[2marks/markah]
Thorium234 mempunyai separuh hayat 20 hari dan jisim awal 48 g. Hitung jisim Thorium234 yang tidak mereput
selepas60hari.
11
Diagram6.1showstheactivityofaradioactivesubstanceX andY beingmeasuredbyaGeigerMullertubeconnectedto
aratemeter.Diagram6.2showsthedecaycurvesobtainedforradioactivesubstanceXandY.
Rajah6.1menunjukkanaktivitibagisuatubahanradioaktifXdanYyangdiukurolehsatutiubGeigerMulleryangdisambungkanke
satukadarmeter.Rajah6.2menunjukkanlengkungpereputanyangdiperolehibagibahanradioaktifXdanY.
(a) (i) Whatisthemeaningofhalflife?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganseparuhhayat?
(ii)
.....
BasedonthedecaycurvesinDiagram6.2,statethehalflifeofradioactivesubstanceXandY.For
radioactivesubstanceXandY,whatpercentageremainsundecayedafter10minutes?[4marks/markah]
BerdasarkanpadalengkungpereputandalamRajah6.2,nyatakanseparuhhayatbagibahanradioaktifXdanY.Untuk
bahanradioaktifXdanY,berapakahperatusyangtidakmereputselepas10minit?
(iii) Basedontheanswersin6(a)(i)and6(a)(ii),comparethedecayratesofradioactivesubstanceX andY.Hence

statetherelationshipbetweendecayrateandhalflife.[2marks/markah]
Berdasarkanpadajawapandi6(a)(i)dan4(a)(ii),bandingkankadarpereputanbagibahanradioaktifXdanY.Kemudian,
nyatakanhubunganantarakadarpereputandanseparuhhayat.
...
(iv) GiveareasonwhythereadingsoftheratemetersdidnotdroptozeroafterradioactivesubstanceXandY
wereremoved.[1mark/markah]
Berikan satu sebab mengapa bacaan pada kadar meter tidak jatuh ke sifar selepas bahan radioaktif X dan Y sudah
dialihkan?
....
(b) Table6.1showsthecharacteristicsoffiveradioisotopes,P,Q,R,S andT.
Jadual6.1menunjukkanciriciribagilimaradioisotop,P,Q,R,SdanT.
Radioisotope
Halflife
Ionizingpower
Penetratingpower
Radioisotop
Separuhhayat
Kuasapengionan Kuasapenembusan
5.0minutes/5minit
P
Low /Rendah
High /Tinggi
Q
R
S
T
8days/8hari
Radiation
Sinaran
Stateofmatter
Keadaanjirim
Gamma/Gama
Alpha/Alfa
Gamma/Gama
Beta/Beta
Alpha/Alfa
Liquid /Cecair
Solid /Pepejal
Liquid /Cecair
Solid /Pepejal
Liquid /Cecair
High /Tinggi
Low /Rendah
Low /Rendah
High /Tinggi
5years/5tahun
Low /Rendah
High /Tinggi
7hours/7jam
High /Tinggi
Low /Rendah
Table6.1/Jadual6.1
Asamedicalofficer,youarerequiredtodeterminethemostsuitableradioisotopeasaradiotherapytreatmentfor
a brain tumor. Explain thecharacteristicsof all the fiveradioisotopesgiven and then,choose themost suitable
radioisotopetobeused.Justifyyourchoice.
6hours/6jam
Sebagaipegawaiperubatan,andaditugaskanuntukmenentukanradioisotopyangpalingsesuaisebagairawatanradioterapi
untuk kanser otak. Terangkan ciriciri bagi semua radioisotop yang diberikan dan kemudian, pilih radioisotop yang paling
sesuaidigunakan.Berikanjustifikasipilihananda.
AnswerSpace/RuanganJawapan:
[10marks/markah]
12
Theproductionofnuclearenergyandvolumedetectionarethetwoexamplesofapplicationofradioactivesubstances
inindustry.Table7.1showsreactionequationandtotalmassofatombeforeandafternuclearfissionprocess.Table7.2
showsreactionequationandtotalmassofatombeforeandafternuclearfusionprocess.
Penghasilan tenaga nuklear dan isipadu pengesanan adalah dua contoh aplikasi bagi bahan radioaktif dalam industri. Jadual 7.1
menunjukkan persamaan tindak balas dan jumlah jisim atom sebelum dan selepas proses pembelahan. Jadual 4.4 menunjukkan
persamaantindakbalasdanjumlahjisimatomsebelumdanselepasprosespelakuran.
Nuclearfission /Pembelahannuklear
Beforereaction /Sebelumtindakbalas
Afterreaction/Selepastindakbalas
141
97
1
239
1
Equation/Persamaan
Pu n
56 Ba 38 Sr 2 0 n +Energy
94
Totalmass/Jumlahjisim
240.06082a.m.u /240.06082u.j.a
Table7.1/Jadual7.1
239.85830a.m.u/239.85830u.j.a
Equation/Persamaan
Nuclearfusion /Pelakurannuklear
Beforereaction /Sebelumtindakbalas
Afterreaction/Selepastindakbalas
4
1
2
3
2 He 0 n +Energy
1 H 1 H
Totalmass/Jumlahjisim
(a)
(i)
5.03013a.m.u /5.03013u.j.a
Table7.2/Jadual7.2
Whatismeantbynuclearfission?[1mark /markah]
5.01043a.m.u/5.01043u.j.a
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganpembelahannukleus?
(ii)
...
Whatismeantbynuclearfusion?[1mark /markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganpelakurannukleus?
(ii)
...
UsingtheinformationinTable7.1 and7.2,comparethenuclearfissionandnuclearfusionand thenrelate
therelationshipbetweenmassandenergyreleased.[5marks/markah]
Menggunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 7.1 dan 7.2, bandingkan pembelahan nukleus dan pelakuran nukleus dan
kemudiankaitkanhubunganantarajisimdantenagayangdibebaskan.
...
...
(b) Diagram7.1showsasystemusedinafactorytoensurethevolumeofguavajuiceinabottleisuniform.
Rajah7.1menunjukkansatusistemyangdigunakandalamkilanguntukmemastikanisipadujambudalambotolialahseragam.
Radioactive
source
Sumber
radioaktif
Counter
Pembilang
Guava juice
Jus jambu
Radiaton detector
Pengesan sinaran
Diagram7.1/Rajah7.1
Table7.3showsthecharacteristicsoffiveradioisotopesP,Q,R,SandT.
Jadual7.3menunjukkanciriciribagilimaradioisotopP,Q,R,SdanT.
Radioisotope
Halflife
Typesofray
Stateofmatter
Ionisingpower
Radioisotop
Separuhhayat
7hours/7jam
10days/10hari
100days/100hari
10years/10tahun
30years/10tahun
Jenissinaran
Alpha/Alfa
Beta/Beta
Gamma/Gama
Gamma/Gama
Beta/Beta
Keadaanjirim
Solid /Pepejal
Liquid /Cecair
Solid /Pepejal
Liquid /Cecair
Solid /Pepejal
Kuasapengionan
High/Tinggi
Moderate/Sederhana
Low/Rendah
High/Tinggi
Low/Rendah
P
Q
R
S
T
Table7.3/Jadual7.3
As a factory engineer, you are required to determine the most suitable radioisotope that can be used by the
system to ensure the volume of guava juice is uniform. Determine the most suitable radioisotope and give the
reasonforyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Sebagai jurutera kilang, anda diminta menentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai yang boleh digunakan oleh sistem untuk
memastikanisipadujusjambuadalahseragam.Tentukanradioisotopyangpalingsesuaidanberisebabbagipilihananda.
13
QUESTION8 WAVES
Diagram8.1and8.2showwavepatternproducedbythevibrationoftwosphericaldippersonthewatersurfacesetto
beatdifferentdistances.
Rajah8.1danRajah8.2menunjukkancorakgelombangyangdihasilkanolehgetaranduapenggetarsferayangdisetkanpadajarak
berlainanpadapermukaanair.
(a) (i) WhatisthewavephenomenonshowninDiagram8.1and8.2?[1mark /markah]
ApakahfenomenagelombangyangditunjukkandalamRajah8.1danRajah8.2?
(ii)
Explainwhythewaterlevelintherippletankmustbeatconstantdepthduringtheexperiment.[2 marks]
Terangkanmengapaarasairdidalamtangkiriakmestipadakedalamanmalarsemasaeksperimen.[2markah]
(iii) ObserveDiagram 8.1and8.2,comparethedistancebetweentwosources,wavelengthofthepropagating

waterwaves,thewavepatternsproducedbythesphericaldippersandthedistancebetweentwoadjacent
antinodes. State the relationship between the distance of two coherent sources and the distance of two
consecutiveantinodeslines.[5marks/markah]
Perhatikan Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2, bandingkan jarak antara dua sumber, panjang gelombang perambatan gelombang air,
corakgelombangyangdihasilkanolehpenggetarsferadanjarakantaraduaantinodberturutan.Nyatakanhubungan
antarajarakantaraduasumberkoherendanjarakantaraduagarisantinodberturutan.
(b) Sonar technique can be used to determine the distance between two positions. Ultrasonic wave is used in this
technique.
Tekniksonarbolehdigunakanuntukmenentukanjarakantaraduakedudukan.Gelombangultrasonikdigunakandalamteknik
ini.
(i)
Whatissonar?[1mark/markah]
Apakahitusonar?
(ii)
Explainwhyusingultrasonicwaveisbetterthanjustordinarysoundwaves.[2marks/markah]
Terangkanmengapamenggunakangelombangultrasonikadalahlebihbaikdaripadagelombangbunyibiasa.
(iii) Amarineresearcherwantstouseultrasonicsoundtodeterminethedepthoftheoceanbed.Explainhow
hecandoso.[5marks/markah]
Seorang penyelam mahu menggunakan bunyi ultrasonik untuk menentukan kedalaman dasar laut. Terangkan
bagaimanadiabolehberbuatdemikian.
(iv) Youhavebeenassignedtoassembleaspeakersystemtoimprovetheacousticsofaschoolhall.Usingthe
appropriate physics concept, explain how the installation of the speaker system to be done to improve
audiblesound.Inyourexplanation,elaborateonthefollowingaspects:
Andaditugaskanuntukmemasangsistempetisuarauntukmemperbaikiaskustiksuatudewansekolah.Menggunakan
konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan bagaimana sistem peti suara dipasang untuk memperbaiki bunyi audibel. Dalam
penerangananda,terangkanaspekberikut:
(i)Distancebetweentwostereospeakers/Jarakantaraduapetisuarastereo
(ii)Wallandfloorfinishing/Persiapandindingdanlantai
(iii)Poweroftheloudspeakers/Kuasapembesarsuara
(iv)Positioningofspeakersandmicrophones/Kedudukanpembesarsuaradanmikrofon
[10marks/markah]
14
QUESTION9 WAVES
Diagram9.1andDiagram9.2showswaterwavespassingthroughtheentranceoftwodifferentharbours.
Rajah9.1danRajah9.2menunjukkangelombangairmenerusipintubagiduapelabuhanyangberbeza.
(a) Namethetypeofwaveofwaterwave.[1mark/markah]
Namakanjenisgelombangbagigelombangair.
.
(b) (i) NamethephenomenoninvolvedinDiagram9.1andDiagram9.2.[1mark/markah]
NamakanfenomenonterlibatdalamRajah9.1danRajah9.2.
(ii)
Whatwillhappentothefrequency,wavelengthandspeedofwaveafterpassingthroughthegap?
Apakahyangakanberlakupadafrekuensi,panjanggelombangdanlajugelombangselepasmenerusicelahitu?
Frequency/Frekuensi:.
Wavelength/Panjanggelombang:.
(c)
Speedofwave/Lajugelombang:.
BetweenDiagram9.1andDiagram9.2,whichoneshowstheobviousdiffractioneffect?Explainwhy.[2marks]
AntaraRajah9.1danRajah9.2,yangmanakanmenunjukkankesandiffractionyangjelas?Terangkanmengapa.[2marks]
(d) BetweenDiagram9.1andDiagram9.2,whichoneshowsthebiggerenergywaveenteringthegap?[2marks]
AntaraRajah9.1danRajah9.2,yangmanakanmenunjukkantenagagelombangyanglebihbesarmemasukigap?[2marks]
(e)
Diagram9.3andDiagram9.4showthewavesenteringtwodifferentmediums.
Rajah9.3danRajah9.4menunjukkangelombanggelombangmemasukiduamediumyangberbeza.
(i)
Namethephenomenoninvolved.[1mark/markah]
Namakanfenomenonterlibat.
(ii)
.
Whatwillhappentothefrequency,wavelengthandspeedofwaveafterpassingthroughthegap?
Apakahyangakanberlakupadafrekuensi,panjanggelombangdanlajugelombangselepasmenerusicelahitu?
Frequency/Frekuensi:.
Wavelength/Panjanggelombang:.
Speedofwave/Lajugelombang:.
(iii) CompletethewavepatterninbothDiagram9.3andDiagram9.4.[4marks/markah]
LengkapkancorakgelombanguntukkeduaduaRajah9.3danRajah9.4.
15
QUESTION10 WAVES
10 Diagram10.1showsthearrangementofapparatusforYoungsdoubleslitexperiment.Awhitelightsourceis passed
througharedfiltertoproducemonochromaticlightandcoherent.Diagram10.2showsthepatternofthefringeformed
onthescreen.TheexperimentisrepeatedbyusingabluefilterandthefringesformedareshowninDiagram10.3.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen dwicelah Young. Satu sumber cahaya putih dilalukan menerusi satu
penurasmerahuntukmenghasilkancahayamonokromatikdankoheren.Rajah10.2menunjukkancorakpinggiryangterbentukpada
skrin.EksperimenitudiulangidenganmenggunakanpenurasbirudancorakpinggiryangterbentukditunjukkandalamRajah10.3.
Youngsdoubleslit
DwicelahYoung
5.0m
Lightsource
Sumbercahaya
Singleslit
Celahtunggal
0.5mm
Screen
Brightfringe
Skrin
Pinggircerah
Diagram10.1/Rajah10.1Diagram10.2/Rajah10.2Diagram10.3/Rajah10.3
(a) Whatismeantbymonochromaticlight?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandengancahayamonokromatik?
.
(b) Whatismeantbycoherent?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandengankoheren?
(c)
.
Underlinethecorrectanswerinthebrackettocompletethesentencebelow.[1mark/markah]
Gariskanjawapanyangbetuldidalamkurunganuntukmelengkapkanayatberikut.
Lightwaveisa(longitudinal,transverse)wave.
Gelombangcahayaadalahgelombang(membujur,melintang)
(d) The bright fringes formed on the screen are the product of two phenomena of waves. Name those two
phenomena.[2marks/markah]
Pinggir cerah yang terbentuk pada skrin merupakan hasil daripada dua fenomena gelombang. Namakan dua fenomena
tersebut.
(e)
.
Calculatethewavelengthoftheredlightandbluelightrespectively.[4marks/markah]
Hitungpanjanggelombangbagicahayamerahdancahayabirumasingmasing.
(f)
Diagram10.4showsadriverthatisdrivingunderahotsun,seesapoolofwaterappearingontheroadahead,but
thepoolofwaterdisappearsasthecarapproachesit.
Rajah10.4menunjukkanseorangpemanduyangmemandudibawahcahayapanasterikmelihatsatukolamairmunculpada
permukaanjalanhadapantetapikolamairituakanhilangsemasamendekatinya.
(i)
Diagram10.4/Rajah10.4
Namethisnaturalphenomenonasobservedbythedriver.[1mark/markah]
Namakanfenomenasemulajadisepertiyangdiperhatikanolehpemandu.
(ii)
..
Statethephysicsconceptthatisinvolvedinthisphenomenon.
Nyatakankonsepfizikyangterlibatdalamfenomenaini.
(iii)
..
When light rays propagates from a denser medium to a less dense medium, state what happen to the
directionoftherefractedrays.
Apabila cahaya merambat daripada medium lebih tumpat kepada medium kurang tumpat, nyatakan apa yang akan
berlakukepadaarahsinarbiasan.
..
(iv)
..
Whatismeantbywavelength?
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganpanjanggelombang?
..
16
QUESTION11 WAVES
11 Ultrasonicechoesarewiselyusedinmedicinetoseetheinternalorgansofinsidethebody.Diagram11 showstheuse
ofultrasoundscanneracrossthemotherswombtoseetheunbornbabies.
Gema ultrasonik digunakan meluas dalam perubatan untuk melihat organorgan dalaman badan. Rajah 11 menunjukkan
penggunaanpengimbasultrasoniksepanjangkandunganibuuntukmelihatbayiyangbelumlahir.
Diagram11/Rajah11
Table11showsthecharacteristicsoftheultrasoundscannerW,X,YandZ.
Jadual11menunjukkanciriciribagipengimbasultrasonikW,X,YdanZ.
Scanner
Typeofwave
Frequenciesrange(Hz)
Pengimbas
Jenisgelombang
Julatfrekuensi(Hz)
W
Mechanical/Mekanikal
<20000
X
Mechanical/Mekanikal
>20000
Y
Electromagnet/Elektromagnet
<20000
Z
Electromagnet/Elektromagnet
>20000
Penetratingpower
Kuasapenembusan
High/Tinggi
Low/Rendah
Low/Rendah
Low/Rendah
Ionizingpower
Kuasapengionan
Low/Rendah
Low/Rendah
High/Tinggi
High/Tinggi
Table11/Jadual11
Explain the suitability of each characteristic in Table 11 that can be used as ultrasound scanner toscan the image of
foetussafely.Determinethemostsuitableultrasoundscannertobeusedandhence,justifyyourchoice.
TerangkankesesuaiansetiapciridalamJadual11yangbolehdigunakansebagaipengimbasultrasonikbagimengimbasimejfoetus
denganselamat.Tentukanpengimbasultrasonikyangpalingsesuaidankemudian,berikanjustifikasipilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
(f)
Diagram 11.2 shows a group of waves P, Q, R, S, T and U arranged to their frequencies and wave lengths. The
energyofthewaveisincreasingfromlefttoright.Theypropagateatsamespeedinvacuum.
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan satu kumpulan gelombang P, Q, R, S, T dan U yang disusun mengikut frekuensi dan panjang
gelombangnya.Tenagagelombangbertambahdaripadakirikekanan.Merekamerambatdengankelajuansamadivakum.
(i)
Namethearrangementpatterngiventoagroupofwavesasshownin Diagram11.2.[1mark/markah]
NamakancoraksusunandiberikepadasatukumpulangelombangsepertiditunjukkandalamRajah11.2.
(ii)
..
BasedonDiagram11.2,comparethechangesfromlefttorightonamplitude,wavelength,frequencyand
energyofthewaves.Relatethefrequencyofthewavetotheenergyofthewaveandalsothewavelength
ofthewavetotheenergyofwave.[5marks/markah]
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 11.2, bandingkan perubahan daripada kiri ke kanan pada amplitud, panjang gelombang,
frekuensi dan tenaga gelombang itu. Kaitkan frekuensi gelombang dengan tenaga gelombang dan juga panjang
gelombangdengantenagagelombang.
..
..
(iii)
..
NamethewavesofP,Q,R,S,TandU. [7marks/markah]
NamakangelombanggelombangbagiP,Q,R,S,TandU.
(iv)
..
StatetheuseofwavePandQ.[2marks/markah]
NyatakankegunaangelombangPdanQ.
..
17
QUESTION12 GASLAWS
12 Thecharacteristicsofafixedmassofgascanbeexplainedintermsofitschangesinpressure,volumeandtemperature
ofgas.
(a) (i) StatethemeaningofBoyleslaw.[1mark/markah]

NyatakanmaksudhukumBoyle.
(ii)
...
StatethemeaningofBoyleslaw.[1mark/markah]
....
(iii) StatethemeaningofBoyleslaw.[1mark/markah]
...
(b) Diagram12.1showsanexperimentbeingcarriedouttoinvestigatealawofgas.Acalibratedsyringeisconnected
tothebourdongaugeusingarubbertube.
10
0
Syringe
Picagari
(i)
20
Rubbertube
Tiubgetah
NamethedeviceX/NamakanalatX..[1mark/ markah]
(ii)
...
StatethephysicalquantitybeingmeasuredbydeviceX.[1mark/markah]
NyatakankuantitifizikalyangdiukurolehalatX.
...
(iii) WhatwillhappentothereadingofdeviceXifthepistonofsyringeispushedin?[1mark/markah]
ApakahyangakanberlakukepadabacaanalatXjikaombohpicagariditolakmasuk?
...
(iv) WhatistherelationshipbetweenthephysicalquantityasshownbysyringeandtheX?[1mark/markah]
ApakahhubunganantarakuantitifizikalsepertiditunjukkanolehpicagaridanX?
(c)
...
Diagram12.2showsairwastrappedinabeakeratthesurfaceofwater.Thebeakeristhenpushedintothewater
untilitsinksatadepth,h,asshowninDiagram12.3.
Rajah12.2menunjukkanudaraterperangkapdidalamsebuahbikarpadapermukaanair.Bikaritukemudiannyaditolakmasuk
kedalamairsehinggakepadakedalaman,h,sepertiyangditunjukkanpadaRajah12.3.
(i)
Namethetypeofpressurethatactsonthesurfaceofwater.[1mark /1markah]
Namakanjenistekananyangbertindakpadapermukaanair.
(ii)
...
Using Diagram 12.2 and Diagram 12.3, compare the volume of trapped air in the beaker, the mass of
trappedairinthebeakerandthepressureoftrappedairinthebeaker.Relatethevolumeoftrappedairin
thebeakeranditspressuretodeducearelevantphysicsconcept.[5marks/5markah]
Menggunakan Rajah 12.2 dan Rajah 12.3, bandingkan isipadu udara yang terperangkap di dalam bikar, jisim udara
yang terperangkap dalam bikar dan tekanan udara dalam bikar. Hubungkaitkan di antara isipadu udara yang
terperangkapdengantekanannyauntukmenyimpulkansatukonsepfizikyangrelevan.
...
(iii)
...
BasedonDiagram12.3,stateandexplainthemotionofthebeakerwhenthepushingforceisremoved.
BerdasarkanRajah12.3,nyatakandanterangkangerakanbikarapabiladayayangmenolaknyakebawahdilepaskan.
[4marks/4markah]
.
...
18
QUESTION13 MIRROR
13 Diagram13.1showstheconditionoftheimagewhenapencilisputinfrontofmirrorX
Rajah13.1menunjukkankeadaanimejapabilasatupenseldiletakkandihadapansuatucerminX.
(a) Namethephenomenoninvolvedintheformationoftheimage.[1mark/markah]
Namakanfenomenonyangterlibatdalampembentukanimejitu.
..
(b) (i) NamethemirrorX.[1mark/markah]
NamakancerminX.
(ii)
ExplainwhymirrorXiswidelyusedinsupermarketassurveillancemirrortoviewtheunwantedactivitiesby
shoplifter?[1mark/markah]
Terangkan mengapa cermin X digunakan meluas dalam supermarket sebagai cermin pemantau untuk memerhatikan
aktivitiaktivitiyangtidakdiinginiolehpencuri?
..
(iii) TheimageformedinDiagram13.1isuprightanddiminished.Stateone othercharacteristicsoftheimage.
ImejyangterbentukdalamRajah13.1adalahtegakdandibesarkan.Nyatakansatucirilainbagiimejitu.[1mark]
.
(iv) Diagram13.2showsanincompleteraydiagram.C isthecentreofthecurvatureandFistheprincipalfocus.
Completetheraydiagramtoshowhowtheimageisformed.[2marks/markah]
Rajah13.2menunjukkansatusinarrajahyangtidaklengkap.CialahpusatkelengkungandanFialahfokusutama.
Lengkapkansinarrajahituuntukmenunjukkanbagaimanaimejitudibentuk.
(c)
Diagram13.3showsabulbisplaced3minfrontofaplanemirrorandisobservedbyastudent.
Rajah13.3menunjukkansatumentolyangdiletakkanpada3mdihadapansatucerminsatahdandiperhatikanolehseorang
pelajar.
(i)
Namethephenomenoninvolvedintheformationoftheimageonplanemirror.[1mark/markah]
Namakanfenomenonyangterlibatdalampembentukanimejitupadacerminsatah.
(ii)
..
Whatisthedistanceoftheimagefromtheobject?[2marks/markah]
Berapakahjarakimejdariobjek?
..
(iii) Thestudentcanseetheimageofthebulbintheplanemirror.InDiagram13.3,drawaraydiagramtoshow
howthestudentcanseetheimageofthebulb.[2marks/markah]
Pelajar itu boleh melihat imej mentol itu di dalam cermin satah. Pada Rajah 13.3, lukis satu rajah sinar untuk
menunjukkanbagaimanapelajaritubolehmelihatimejmentolitu.
(iv) Statethreecharacteristicsoftheimageformed.[3marks/markah]
Nyatakantigaciribagiimejyangterbentuk.
19
QUESTION14 LENS
14 Diagram14.1showstheconditionoftheimageseenthroughalensP.
Rajah14.1menunjukkankeadaanimejyangdilihatmenerusisebuahkantaP.
(a) NamethelightphenomenoninvolvedinDiagram14.1.[1mark/markah]
NamakanfenomenoncahayayangterlibatdalamRajah14.1.
(b) TheimageformedinDiagram14.1isuprightandvirtual.Stateone othercharacteristicsoftheimage.

ImejyangterbentukdalamRajah14.1adalahtegakdankhayalan.Nyatakansatucirilainbagiimejitu.[1mark]
(c)
...
OnDiagram14.2,drawaraydiagramtoshowhowtheimageinDiagram14.1isformed.[2marks/markah]
PadaRajah14.2,lukissatusinarrajahuntukmenunjukkanbagaimanaimejdidalamRajah14.4terbentuk.
Object
Objek
(d) Diagram14.3andDiagram14.4showparallelraysaredirectedtowardsthelensesPandQwithfocalpointF.
Rajah14.3danRajah14.4menunjukkansinarselariyangditujukankepadakantaPdanQdengantitikfokusF.
(i) Whatismeantbyfocalpoint?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandengantitikfokus?
(ii)
..
UsingDiagram14.3andDiagram14.4,comparethethickness andthefocallengthofthelens.Relatethe
thicknessofthelenswiththefocallengthtomakeadeductionregardingtherelationshipbetweenthickness
ofthelensandthepoweroflens.[5marks/markah]
MenggunakanRajah14.3danRajah14.4,bandingketebalandanpanjangfokusbagikantakantaitu.Kaitkanketebalan
kantadenganpanjangfokusuntukmembuatsatudeduksiberhubungdenganhubunganantaraketebalankantadengan
kuasakanta.
..
..
..
(e) Completetheraydiagrambelowtoshowtheformationofimage.Hence,statethreecharacteristicsoftheimage
Lengkapkahrajahsinarberikutuntukmenunjukkanpembentukanimej.Kemudian,nyatakantigaciribagiimejitu.
Characteristics/Ciri:..
20
QUESTION15 SIGHTNESSPROBLEM
15 Diagram15.1showsthelightrayspassingthroughtheeyelenswhenapersonishavingamyopia.
Diagram15.2showsthelightrayspassingthroughtheeyelenswhenapersonishavingahypermetropia.
Rajah15.1menunjukkansinarcahayamenerusikantamataapabilaseseorangitumengalamimiopia.
Rajah15.2menunjukkansinarcahayamenerusikantamataapabilaseseorangitumengalamihipermetropia.
Retina
Lens
Kanta
(a) Whatismyopiaandhypermetropia?[2marks/markah]
Apakahitumiopiadanhpermetropia?
(b) Namethelightphenomenoninvolvedinbothdiagrams. [1mark/markah]

Namakanfenomenoncahayaterlibatdalamkeduaduadiagram.
(c)
.
BasedonDiagram15.1 andDiagram15.2,comparetheirobjectdistanceandimagedistance.Relatetheirobject
distancetothetypeofsightproblemforbothdiagramandsuggestionoflensusedtocorrectthesightness.
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 15.1 dan Rajah 15.2, banding jarak objek dan jarak imej masingmasing. Hubungkan jarak objek
kepadajenismasalahpenglihatanuntukkeduaduarajahdancadanganmengatasimasalahpenglihatanitu.[5marks/markah]
.
(d) Byusingyouranswerin15(g)(iii),drawthelensintheboxprovidedandcompletetheraydiagraminDiagram15.3
toshowhowmyopiacanbecorrected.
Menggunakanjawapanandadi7(g)(iii),lukiskantadidalamkotakdisediakandanlengkapkanrajahsinardalamRajah15.3
untukmenunjukkanbagaimanamiopiabolehdibetulkan.
(h) Diagram15.4showsapointPatthebottomofaswimmingpoolappearstobeatthepointQtotheobserver.
Rajah15.4menunjukkansatutitikPpadadasarsebuahkolamrenangyangkelihatanpadatitikQolehpemerhati.
Observer
Pemerhati
1.2 m
1.6 m
Q
P
(i)
CompleteDiagram15.4bydrawinglightraystoshowhowtheimageofthepointPisseenatQ. [2marks]
LengkapkanRajah15.4denganmelukiskansinarcahayauntukmenunjukkanbagaimanatitikPterlihatpadatitikQ.
(ii)
Calculatetherefractiveindexofthewater. [2marks/markah]
Hitungindexpembiasanbagiairitu.
21
QUESTION16 OPTICALFIBRE
16 Diagram16.1showsalightsignaltravellingthroughanopticalfibreofglass.
Rajah16.1menunjukkansatuisyaratcahayabergerakmenerusisuatugentiankacaoptik.
(a) NamethelightphenomenoninvolvedatXandY.[2marks/markah]
NamakanfenomenoncahayayangterlibatpadaXdanY.
X:..Y:..
(b) StatetwochangesthathappentothelightraywhenitpassesfromairintotheopticalfibreatX.[2marks]
Nyatakanduaperubahanyangakanberlakukepadasinarcahayaapabilaiabergerakdariudarakedalamgentianoptikpada
X.[2markah]
(c)
ExplainwhythelightrayfollowsthepathshowninDiagram16.1 whenithitsthewalloftheopticalfibreatY. [2
marks/markah]
Terangkan mengapa sinar cahaya bergerak dalam lintasan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 16.1 apabila ia menghentam dinding
gentianoptikpadaY.
(d) TheopticalfibreinDiagram16.1canbeusedintelecommunicationsandmedicine.Youareaskedtoinvestigate
thecharacteristicsofthetypeofglassinTable16.1whichcouldbeusedtomaketheinnercoreoftheopticalfibre
asinDiagram16.1.
GentianoptikdalamRajah16.1bolehdigunakandalamtelekomunikasidanperubatan.Andadimintamenyiasatciriciribagi
jeniskacadalamJadual16.1yangbolehdigunakanuntukmembuatterasdalamsuatugentianoptiksepertidalamRajah16.1.
Refractiveindex
Density/kgm3
Purity
Strengthandflexibility
Jeniskaca
Indekspembiasan
Ketumpatan/kgm3
Ketulenan
Kekuatandanfleksibiliti
1.62
2400
Pure
Strongandrigid
1.59
2300
Typeofglass
1.45
2450
1.37
2500
1.20
3000
Tulen
Kuatdantegar
Pure
Strongbutflexible
Tulen
Kuatdanfleksibel
Containsimpurity
Tidaktulen
Containsimpurity
Strongbutflexible
Kuatdanfleksibel
Brittle
Tidaktulen
Rapuh
Pure
Strongandrigid
Kuatdantegar
Tulen
Table16.1/Jadual16.1
ExplainthesuitabilityofeachcharacteristicinTable16.1andhencedeterminewhichtypeofglassismostsuitable
tobeusedtomaketheinnercoreoftheopticalfibre.Givereasonsforyourchoice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dalam Jadual 16.1 dan kemudian tentukan jenis kaca yang manakah adalah paling sesuai
digunakanuntukmembuatterasdalamsuatugentianoptik.Berisebabuntukpilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
22
QUESTION17 LIGHT(OPTICALDEVICES)
17 (a) Diagram17.1showsacompoundmicroscope.
Rajah17.1menunjukkansebuahmikroskopmajmuk.
Using an appropriate physics concept, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways to enable the
microscopetoincreaseitsefficiencytoformabrighterandclearimage.Yourmodificationscanbeemphasizedon
thefollowingaspects:
Menggunakankonsepfizikyangsesuai,cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuaianataucarauntukmembolehkanmikroskopitu
menambahkan kecekapannya untuk membentuk imej yang lebih terang dan jelas. Pengubahsuaian anda boleh berdasarkan
padaaspekaspekberikut:
Theselectionoflensasobjectivelensandasaneyepiece/Pemilihankantasebagaikantaobjekdankantamata
Thediameterofthelens/Diameterkanta
Thedistancebetweentheobjectivelensandeyepiece/Jarakantarakantaobjekdankantamata
Conditionoftheplacetostorethemicroscope/Keadaantempatuntukmenyimpanmikroskop
.Additionalcomponenttothemicroscope/Komponentambahankepadamikroskop
[10marks/markah]
(b) Diagram17.2showsanastronomicaltelescopeinnormaladjustment.Thepowerofobjectivelensis2Dandthe
powerofeyepieceis20D.Thediameteroftheobjectivelensislargerthanthediameterofeyepiece.
Rajah17.2menunjukkansatuteleskopastronomidalampelarasannormal.Kuasakantaobjekialah2Ddankuasakantamata
ialah20D.Diameterkantaobjekadalahlebihbesardaripadadiameterkantamata.
(i)
Whyistheobjectivelenswithbiggerdiameterusedforthetelescope? [1mark/markah]
Mengapakantaobjekdengandiameterlebihbesardigunakanuntukteleskop?
(ii)
..
Calculatethefocallengthoftheobjectivelensandalsoeyepiecelens.[2marks/markah]
Hitungpanjangfokusbagikantaobjekdanjugakantamata.
(iii) Calculatethelengthofthetelescope.[2marks /markah]

Hitungpanjangteleskopitu.
23
17 (c)
Ali discovered that the astronomical telescope as above was not suitable to observe the distant object on the
earth.Hechangedthepositionoftheobjectivelensandeyepiece.Healsoaddedtwosimilaropticalcomponents,
Dtoobtainabetterimage.Diagram17.3showsastructureofopticaldevicewhichwasmodifiedbyAli.
Alimendapatibahawateleskopastronomidiatastidaksesuaiuntukmelihatobjekjauhpadabumi.Diamengubahkedudukan
kantaobjektifdankantamata.Diajugamenambahkanduakomponenoptikyangserupa,Duntukmendapatimejyanglebih
baik.Rajah17.3menunjukkanstrukturbagialatoptikyangdiubahsuaiolehAli.
(i)
ThebinocularinDiagram17.3ismoreappropriatetobeusedtoobservedistantobjectsduringcamping
activities.Explain.[2marks/markah]
BinokulardalamRajah17.3lebihsesuaidigunakanuntukmelihatobjekjauhsemasaaktivitikempen.Terangkan.
(ii)
...
Nametheadditionalopticalcomponent,D,thatcanbeusedtoovercometheproblemin17(c)(i).[1mark]
Namakankomponenoptiktambahan,D,yangbolehdigunakanuntukmengatasimasalahdi17(c)(i).
(iii)
.
Drawbothadditionalopticalcomponents,D,insidetheboxesprovidedinDiagram17.3.[1mark /markah]
Lukiskeduaduakomponenoptiktambahan,D,dalamkotakdisediakandalamRajah17.3.
(iv)
Completethelightraythatpassesthroughtheobjectivelensuntilitgetsintotheobserverseyes.[1mark]
Lengkapkansinarcahayayangmenerusikantaobjeksehinggaiasampaikepadamatapemerhati.
(v)
Statethelightphenomenonthatoccursintheadditionalopticalcomponent.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanfenomenoncahayayangberlakudidalamkomponenoptiktambahanitu.
17 (d)
.
Diagram17.4showsanastronomicaltelescope which isusedtoviewverydistant objectslikemoon.
Rajah17.4menunjukkansatuteleskopastronomiyangdigunakanuntukmelihatobjetyangsangatjauhsepertibulan.
Table17.4showsthecharacteristicsoffourdifferentsimpleastronomicaltelescopes.
Jadual17.4menunjukkancirriciribagiempatteleskopastronomiringkasyangberlainan
Telescope
Teleskop
S
T
Typeoflens
Focallength ofobjectivelens
Focallengthof eyepiecelens
Diameteroflens
Jeniskanta
Panjangfokuskantaobjek
Panjangfokuskantamata
Diameterkanta
Convex
Cembung
Concave
40
10
5.0
10
40
5.0
Cekung
Convex
10
40
2.5
Cembung
40
10
2.5
V
Concave
Cekung
Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the telescope and determine the most suitable telescope to be
usedtoobserveveryfarobject.Givereasonforyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri teleskop itu dan tentukan teleskop yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk melihat objek yang
jauh.Berisebabuntukpilihananda.
24
17 (e)
Diagram17.5showsastampcollectorexaminesastampusingamagnifyingglass.
Rajah17.5menunjukkansatupengutipsetemmemeriksasatusetemdenganmenggunakankantapembesar.
Table17.5showscharacteristicsoffourtypesofmagnifyingglass.
Jadual17.5menunjukkanciriciribagiempatjeniskantapembesar.
Magnifyingglass
Percentageoflighttransmitted(%)
Typeoflens
Focallength(cm)
Diameter(cm)
Kantapembesar
Peratuscahayadipindahkan(%)
Jeniskanta
Panjangfokus(cm)
Diameter(cm)
90
Convex
5.0
15.0
20.0
5.0
20.0
15.0
5.0
5.0
Cembung
95
Concave
Cekung
95
Convex
Cembung
85
Concave
Cekung
17 (f)
Diagram17.6showsaraydiagramofaslideprojector.
Rajah17.6menunjukkansaturajahsinarbagisatuprojektorberslaid.
The slide projector is needed in your school hall. You are required to modify the slide projector so that it can
produceclearerimageandcanbeseenby800students.Suggestandexplainbasedonthefollowingaspect:
Projektor berslaid itu diperlukan dalam dewan sekolah anda. Anda diminta mengubahsuai projektor berslaid itu supaya ia
bolehmenghasilkanimejyangjelasdanbolehdilihatoleh800murid.Cadangdanterangkanberdasarkanaspekberikut:
(i)Thepowerofthebulbused/Kuasamentolyangdigunakan
(ii)Thepositionofthebulbfromtheconcavemirror/Kedudukanmentoldaricermincekung
(iii)Thecurvatureoftheconcavemirror/Kelengkungancermincekungitu
(iv)Thepositionoftheslidefromtheprojectorlens/Kedudukanslaiddaripadakantaprojektor
(v)Positionofthescreenfromtheprojector/Kedudukanskrindaripadaprojektor[10marks/markah]
25
17 (g)
Diagram17.7showsaglasswindowwhichopensoutwardsatanangle.
Rajah17.7menunjukkansatutingkapkacayangdibukakeluarpadasuatusudut.
Diagram17.8showsthesideviewofthewindow.Ifraysofsunlightincidentonthewindowundergototalinternal
reflectionatpointslikeX,directsunlightwouldnotbeabletoentertheroomanditwouldbecooler.Table17.7
showsthecharacteristicsoffourdesignsP,Q,RandS.
Rajah 17.8 menunjukkan pandangan sisi sebuah tingkap. Jika sinar cahaya ditujukan kepada tingkap mengalami pantuhan
dalampenuhpadatitikX,cahayaakantidakmemasukibilikdanbilikakanmenjadilebihsejuk.
Jadual17.7menunjukkanciriciribagiempathiasanP,Q,RdanS.
Design
Refractiveindex
Thickness/mm
Thermalconductivity
Temperature,/C
Corak
Indekspembiasan
Ketebalan/mm
Kekonduksianterma
Low /Rendah
Low /Rendah
Medium /Sederhana
Medium /Sederhana
Suhu,/C
P
Q
R
S
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.5
3.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
15
10
15
10
Explainthesuitabilityofeachcharacteristicoftheglassanddeterminethemostsuitabledesigntobeusedsothat
theroomwouldbekeptcoolduringtheday.Givereasonsforyourchoice.
Terangkankesesuaiansetiapcirikacadantentukancorakyangpalingsesuaidigunakansupayabilikadalahsejuksepanjang
hari.Berisebabuntukpilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
17 (h)
Diagram17.8showstheraydiagramofasimplemicroscope.
Rajah17.8menunjukkanrajahsinarbagisuatumikroskopringkas.
(i)
Statethefunctionoftheeyepiece lens.[1mark /markah]
Nyatakanfungsibagikantamata.
(ii)
....
Statethecharacteristicsofthefirstimageformedbyan objectivelens.[3marks/markah]
Nyatakanciriciribagiimejyangterbentukolehkantaobjek.
..
(iii) Statethecharacteristicsofthefinalimagewhichisformedbyan eyepiecelens.[3marks/markah]
Nyatakanciriciribagiimejakhiryangterbentukolehkantamata.
..
(iv) Suggestawaytoincreasethebrightnessofimageformedbymicroscope.[1mark/markah]
Cadangsatucarauntukmenambahkankecerahanimejyangterbentukolehmikroskop.
..
26
18 Table18.1showsthedesignoffivetorchlightsP,Q,R,S andT.
Jadual18.1menunjukkancorakbagilimalampusuluhP,Q,R,SdanT.
TorchlightP/LampusuluhP
TorchlightS/ LampusuluhS
TorchlightQ/LampusuluhQ
TorchlightT/ LampusuluhT
TorchlightR/LampusuluhR
YouareaskedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsofthefivetorchlightsshowninTable18.1.Explainthesuitabilityofeach
characteristicsofthetorchlightanddeterminethetorchlightwhichcanproduceastrongparallelbeamoflight.Give
reasonsforyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
AndadimintamenyiasatciriciribagilimalampusuluhsepertidalamJadual18.1.Terangkankesesuaiansetiapcirribagilampusuluh
dantentukanlampusuluhyangbolehmenghasilkanalursinarselariyangkuat.Berisebabuntukpilihananda.
27
QUESTION19CONCEPTOFREFRACTION,CRITICALANGLEANDTOTALINTERNALREFLECTION
19 Diagram19.1showsarayfromrayboxisincidenttowardasemicircularglassblockwhichhasthecriticalangleof42.
Rajah19.1menunjukkansatusinardarikotaksinarditujukankepadabongkahkacasemibulatanyangmempunyaisudutgenting42.
(a)
Whatismeantbycriticalangle?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandengansudutgenting?
..
(b) Calculatetherefractiveindexofthesemicircularglassblock.[2marks/markah]
Hitungindekspembiasanbagibongkahkacasemibulatanitu.
(b) InDiagram19.1,theincidentangleis40 whichissmallerthanthecriticalangle.
DalamRajah19.1,suduttujuituialah40dimanaialebihkecildaripadasudutgenting.
(i)
Whatwillhappentotherayafterrefractedoutfromtheglass?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangakanberlakukepadasinaranselepasdibiaskeluardaripadakacaitu?
(ii)
Calculatethevalueofr.[2marks/markah]
Hitungnilaibagir.
(c)
TherayboxinDiagram19.1isadjustedsothattheincidentangle,iisatcriticalangle.
(i)
KotaksinardalamRajah19.1diselaraskansupayasuduttuju,iadalahpadasudutgenting.
Statewhatwillhappentothevalueofr?[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanapayangakanberlakupadanilaibagir?
(ii)
.
CompletetherayinbelowafterthepointP.[1mark/markah]
LengkapkansinaranitudalamrajahbawahselepastitikP.
(c)
TherayboxinDiagram19.1isadjustedsothattheincidentangle,iismorethanthecriticalangle.
(i)
KotaksinardalamRajah19.1diselaraskansupayasuduttuju,iadalahlebihbesardaripadasudutgenting.
Statewhatwillhappentothevalueofr?[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanapayangakanberlakupadanilaibagir?
(ii)
.
CompletetherayindiagrambelowafterthepointP.[1mark/markah]
LengkapkansinaranitudalamrajahbawahselepastitikP.
(iii) Namethephenomenoninvolvedin19(c)(ii).[1mark/markah]
Namakanfenomenonyangterlibatdalam19(c)(ii).
28
20 (a)
QUESTION20 BERNOULLIPRINCIPLE
Diagram20.1showsanaeroplane.Diagram20.2showsacrosssectionoftheaeroplaneswing.
Rajah20.1menunjukkansatukapalterbang.Rajah20.2menunjukkankeratanrentassayapkapal.
(i) Statetheprincipleinvolvedfortheflyingofaeroplane.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanprinsipyangterlibatuntukpenerbangankapalterbang.
Explaintheprincipleyoustatein20(a)(i).[1mark/markah]
(ii)
Terangkanprinsipyangandanyatakandalam20(a)(i).
(iii) Nametheshapeofthecrosssectionaloftheaeroplanewing.[1mark /markah]

Namakanbentukkeratanrentasbagisayapkapalterbang.
(iv) Explainhowanaeroplanecanbeliftedintotheair.[5marks/markah]
Terangkanbagaimanasatukapalterbangbolehdinaikkankeudara.
(b) Table20.1showscharacteristicoffourdesignsoftheaeroplanewings.
Jadual20.1menunjukkanciribagiempatcoraksayapkapalterbang.
Design Shapeofwing
Corak
Areaof
wings
Bentuksayap
Densityofwing(kgm3)
Ketumpatansayap(kgm3)
Bezalajuudaraatasdanbawahsayap(ms1)
Luassayap
X
Y
Z
Different of air speed above and below

thewing(ms1)
38.0
2400
0.0
39.7
2300
21.8
60.5
2000
20.0
40.5
2050
15.5
Table20.1/Rajah20.1
Youarerequestedtochoosethemostsuitablewingtobeinstalledtothebodyofanaeroplane.Byreferringto
the information given in Table 20.1, explain the suitability of each characteristic and suggest the most suitable
wingtobechosen.Givereasonforyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Anda diminta menentukan sayap yang paling sesuai untuk dipasang pada badan kapal terbang. Dengan merujuk kepada
maklumatdiberidalamJadual20.1,terangkankesesuaiansetiapciridancadangsayapyangpalingsesuai.Berisebabuntuk
pilihananda.
29
20 (c)
Diagram20.3shows a water rocket madefrom an empty 1.5 litre plastic softdrinkbottle by adding water and
pressurizingitwithairforlaunching.
Rajah20.3menunjukkansaturoketairyangdiperbuatdaripadasuatuminumanbotol1.5literdenganmenambahkanairdan
memberikantekanankepadanyauntukdilancarkan.
Theobjectiveistotraveltherocketasfaraspossible.Usingtheappropriatephysicsconcepts,suggestandexplain
thefollowingaspects:
Objektifiniialahuntukmenggerakkanroketsejauhyangmungkin.Denganmenggunakankonsepfizik,cadangdanterangkan
aspekaspekberikut:
(i)Theshapeoftherocket/Bentukroket
(ii)Thevolumeofwatertobefilledtothebottle/Isipaduairyangperludiisikedalambotol
(iii)Thestabilityofthemotion/Kestabilanpergerakan
(iv)Densityofmaterialtotherocket/Ketumpatanbahankepadaroket
(v)Angleoflaunching/Sudutpelancaran
[10marks/markah]
(d) Diagram20.4showsfourracingcars,P,Q,R andS,withdifferentspecifications.

Rajah20.4menunjukkanempatkeretalumba,P,Q,RdanSdenganspesifikasiberlainan.
Car
Shape
Ridgesontyre
Enginepower
Materialforthecarbody
Kereta
Bentuk
Bungapadatayar
Kuasaenjin
Bahanbadankereta
Horizontalandvertical
518kW
Horizontaldanvertikal
Aerodynamics
Aerodinamik
None
745kW
Tiada
Aerodynamics
Aerodinamik
Beratdankeras
Horizontalandvertical
Horizontaldanvertikal
518kW
None
Tiada
745kW
Heavyandelastic
Beratdanelastik
S
Invertedaerofoil
Aerofoilsongsang
Heavyandstiff
R
Invertedaerofoil
Aerofoilsongsang
Lightandelastic
Ringandanelastik
Lightandstiff
Ringandankeras
You are required to investigate the specifications given so that the car can run very fast. Determine the most
suitablecartocompeteintheFormula1Raceandjustifyyourchoice.
Andadimintauntukmenyiasat spesifikasidiberisupayakeretaitubolehbergerakdengansangatlaju.Tentukankeretayang
palingsesuaiuntukbertandingdalamPerlumbaanFormula1danjustifikasipilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
30
QUESTION21 ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
21 Diagram21.1showstheairballoonwhichisusedasaweatherballoontocarryaradiosondeinstrumentforcollecting
dataabouttheatmosphere.
Rajah 21.1 menunjukkan belon udara yang digunakan sebagai belon cuaca untuk membawa pengukur radiosond bagi mengumpul
databerkaitandenganatmosfera.
(a)
StatethemeaningofArchimedesprinciple.[1mark /markah]
(i)
NyatakanmaksudprinsipArchimedes.
...
(ii)
...
Explainwhyaweatherballoonthatisrisingupintheairwillstopatcertainaltitude.[4marks/markah]
Terangkanmengapasatubeloncuacayangnaikkeudaraakanberhentipadaaltitudtertentu.
..
..
(b) Table21.1showsfourhotairballoonsP,Q,R andS withdifferentfeatures.
Jadual21.1menunjukkanempatbelonudarapanasP,Q,RdanSdenganciriberlainan.
Balloon
Sizeandvolume
Numberofburners
Typeofballoonfabric
Temperatureofairinside
Belon
Saizdanisipadu
Bilanganpembakar
Jenisfabrikbelon
Suhuudaradalam
Smalland800m3
Syntheticnylon
100C
Kecildan800m3
Q
R
S
Largeand2500m3
Besardan2500m3
Largeand2500m3
Besardan2500m3
Smalland800m3
Kecildan800m3
Nilonsintetik
Syntheticnylon
120C
Nilonsintetik
Canvas
60C
Kanvas
Canvas
70C
Kanvas
Youarerequiredtoinvestigatethehotairballoonwhichisabletocarrythreeorfourpeopletoahigheraltitude
inashortertime.Determinethemostsuitableballoondanjustifyyourchoice.
Andadiperlukanuntukmenyiasatbelonudarapanasyangbolehdigunakanuntukmembawatigaatauempatorangkealtitud
tinggidalammasayangsingkat.Tentukanbelonyangpalingsesuaidanjustifikasipilihananda.
(c)
[10marks/markah]
Diagram 21.2 shows a balloon which contains helium. The volume of the balloon is 1.2 m3 and the density of
heliumgasis0.18kgm3.
Rajah21.2menunjukkansatubelonyangmengandungihelium.Isipadubelonituialah1.2m3danketumpatangasheliumialah
0.18kgm3.
(i)
Byneglectingthemassoftheballoon,calculatethemassofheliumgasintheballoon.[2marks /markah]
Denganmengabaikanjisimbelon,hitungjisimgasheliumdidalambelonitu.
(ii)
Calculatethebuoyantforcewhichactsontheballoon.Thedensityofairis1.3kgm3.[3marks /markah]
Hitungdayaapunganyangbertindakpadabelonitu.Ketumpatanudaraialah1.3kgm3.
31
21 (d) Diagram21.3showsasubmarinefloatinginseawaterduetotheeffectofbuoyantforce.
Rajah21.3menunjukkansatukapalselamyangterapungdidalamairlautdisebabkanolehkesandayaapungan.
(i)
Whatisthemeaningofbuoyantforce?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkanolehdayaapungan?
(ii)
..
Explainhowasubmarineisabletosubmergeintodeepseawater.[4marks /markah]
Terangkanbagaimanasatukapalselamberupayatenggelamjauhkedalamairlaut.
..
..
..
(iii) YouareaskedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsoffoursubmarinesshowninTable21.2.
AndadimintamenyiasatciriciribagiempatkapalselamyangditunjukkandalamJadual21.2.
Volumeofballasttank
Isipadutangkibalast
Numberofair
tankBilangan
Maximumpressureto betolerated
Shapeofsubmarine
Tekananmaksimumbolehberinteraksi
Bentukkapalselam
tangkiudara
3000litre
15
4.5atm
2500litre
30
6.0atm
350litre
6.1atm
400litre
2.0atm
Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the submarines and determine the submarine which can
travelfaster,staylongerindeeperseawaterandabletocarrymorecrew.Givereasonsforyourchoice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri kapal selam dan tentukan kapal selam yang manakah dapat bergerak dengan lebih
laju,tahanlamadidalamairlautdanbolehmembawabanyakkrew.Berisebabuntukpilihananda.
[10marks/markah]
(e)
Diagram21.4showsoildrumfloatsstationaryinwater.Thedensityofwateris1000kgm3.
Rajah21.4menunjukkandrumminyakterapungsecarastatikdidalamair.Ketumpatanairialah1000kgm3.
Calculate/Hitung
(i) Thevolumeoftheoildrumimmersedinwater /Isipadudrumminyakterendamdalamair.[2marks /markah]
(ii) Thebuoyantforceactingontheoildrum /Dayaapunganbertindakpadadrumminyak.[2marks/markah]
(iii) Themassoftheoildrum/Jisimdrumminyakitu.[1mark /markah]
32
21 (e)
Diagram21.5showstwoboatsofthesameweightfloatingonthesurfaceofwaterintheseaandintheriver.
Rajah21.5menunjukkanduakapaldenganberatyangsamaterapungpadapermukaanairdalamlaurdansungai.
Sea/LautRiver/Sungai
(i)
Nametheprincipleappliedforthefloatingoftheboat.[1mark /markah]
Namakanprinsipyangdiaplikasikanuntukpengapungankapal.
(ii)
.
Explainwhytheboatisabletofloat?[2marks /markah]
Terangkanmengapakapalitubolehterapung?
.
(iii) Deducetherelationshipbetweentheweightoftheshipandtheweightofthewaterdisplaced.[1mark]
Deduksikanhubunganantaraberatkapaldanberatairyangdisesarkan.[1markah]
.
(iv) AshipthattravelsroundtheworldwillhasPlimsollsymbolasshowninDiagram21.6.
SatukapalyangbergerakmengelilingduniamempunyaisimbolPlimsollsepertiditunjukkandalamRajah21.6.
StatethecommonfunctionofthePlimsollline.[1mark/markah]
NyatakanfungsibiasabagigarisPlimsollitu.
..
(v)
..
You are required to give some suggestions on how to design the boat in Diagram 21.5 as to increase the
floatingforceandsafer.Explainthesuggestionsbasedonthefollowingaspects:
AndadimintamemberibeberapacadanganbagaimanamerekabentukkapaldalamRajah21.5supayabertambahdaya
apungandanlebihselamat.Terangkancadangancadanganberdasarkanaspekberikut:
Materialused,shapeofboat,densityofboat,additionalcomponents,safetyfeature[10marks/markah]
Bahandigunakan,bentukkapal,ketumpatankapal,komponentambahan,cirikeselamatan
33
QUESTION22 PASCALSPRINCIPLE
22 Diagram22.1showsahydraulicliftusedtoraiseloadsQ andR.
Rajah22.1menunjukkansatulifhidraulikyangdigunakanuntukmenaikanbebanQdanR.
(a)
(i)
Whatismeantbypressure?[1mark /markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandengantekanan?
(ii)
..
Aforceof100NisusedtopushdownpistonP andabletoraisepistonQ andpistonR.Withreferenceto
Diagram 22.1, compare the pressure acted on piston Q and R, the cross sectional area and the force
produced at the piston Q and piston R. Relate the cross sectional area of the pistons with the force
producedonthepistons.Nameaphysicsprinciplerelatingthecrosssectionalareaandtheforceexertedon
pistonsQandR.[5marks/markah]
Satu daya 100 N digunakan untuk menolak turun omboh P dan boleh menaikkan omboh Q dan omboh R. dengan
merujuk kepada Rajah 22.1, banding tekanan bertindak pada omboh Q dan R, luas keratan rentas dan daya terhasil
pada omboh Q dan omboh R. Kaitkan luas keratan rentas omboh dengan daya yang terhasil pada ombohomboh.
NamakansatuprinsipfizikberhubungdenganluaskeratanrentasdandayabertindakpadaombohQdanR.
..
..
..
(b) Diagram22.2showsthebrakesystemofacar.
Rajah22.2menunjukkansistembrekbagisebuahkereta.
(i)
Statethephysicsprincipleinvolvedintheoperationofthebrakesystem.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanprinsipfizikyangterlibatdalamoperasisistembrek.
(ii)
.
Definetheprincipleyoustatedin22(b)(i).[1mark /markah]
Takrifkanprinsipyangandanyatakandi22(b)(i).
(iii)
.
Whythewaterisnotsuitabletobeusedinthebrakingsystem?[1mark /markah]
Mengapaairtidaksesuaidigunakandalamsistembrek?
(e)
.
Explainwhytheslavepistonhasbiggersurfaceareaifcomparedtothemasterpistonbuiltonthepeddle
brake?[1mark/markah]
Terangkan mengapa omboh hamba mempunyai luas permukaan yang lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan omboh
masteryangdibinapadabrekpedal?
(f)
.
If a force of 50 N is applied on brake pedal of crosssectional area 2 cm2. Calculate the output force
producedonthebrakepadofcrosssectionalarea15cm2.
Jika satu daya 50 N diaplikasikan pada brek pedal yang mempunyai luas keratan rentas 2 cm2. Hitung daya output
dihasilkanpadabrekpadyangmempunyailuaskeratanrentas15cm2.
34
22 (c)
Table22.1showsthespecificationsofcomponentsthatcanbeusedinbrakesystems,P,Q,RandS.
Jadual22.1menunjukkanspesifikasibagikomponenkomponenyangdigunakandalamsistembrekP,Q,RdanS.
Brake
Brek
P
Q
R
S
Specificheatcapacity
ofbrakedisc(Jkg1C1)
Meltingpointof
brakedisc(C)
Compressionof
brakefluid
Hardnessof
brakepads
Muatanhabatentu
brekcakera(Jkg1C1)
Takatleburbagi
brekdisk(C)
Ketermampatanbagi
cecairbrek
Kekerasanbagi
brekpad
360
2400
890
2210
930
Easy /Senang
Low/Rendah
1220
Difficult /Susah
Low/Rendah
580
Easy /Senang
High/Tinggi
1940
Difficult /Susah
High/Tinggi
BasedonTable22.1,youarerequiredtodeterminethemostsuitablebrakesystemandexplainthesuitabilityof
theaspectsgiven.Then,justifyyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
BerdasarkanpadaJadual22.1,andadiperlukanuntukmenentukansistembrekyangpalingsesuaidanterangkankesesuaian
dariaspekdiberi.Kemudian,justifikasikanpilihananda.
(d) Diagram22.3showsasimplehydraulicjackbeingusedtoliftload.
Rajah22.3menunjukkansatujethidraulikringkasyangdigunakanuntukmengangkatbeban.
Table22.2showsthecharacteristicsoffourofhydraulicjack.
Jadual22.3menunjukkancirriciribagiempatjenisjethidraulik.
Hydraulicjack
Liquid
Ratioofsizeofpistons
Distancebetweenpistons
Jethidraulik
Cecair
Nisbahsaizombohomboh Jarakantaraomboh
P
Water/Air
Big/Besar
Far/Jauh
Q
Water/Air
Small/Kecil
Near/Dekat
R
Oil/Minyak
Big/Besar
Near/Dekat
S
Oil/Minyak
Small/Kecil
Far/Jauh
Hardnessofhydraulicjack
Kekerasanjethidraulik
Soft/Lembut
Hard/Keras
Hard/Keras
Soft/Lembut
Explainthesuitabilityofthecharacteristicsofthehydraulicjackthatcanbeusedtoliftheavyloadseffectivelyin
shorttime.Determinethemostsuitablehydraulicjacktobeusedandjustifyyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Terangkankesesuaianciriciribagijethidraulikyangbolehdigunakanuntukmengangkatbebanberatdenganberkesandalam
masayangsingkat.Tentukanjethidraulikyangpalingsesuaidigunakandanjustifikasikanpilihananda.
35
QUESTION23 ELECTRICITYANDOHMSLAW
23 Diagram23.1showsafilamentbulblabelled240V,80W.Diagram23.2showsagraphofpotentialdifferenceagainst
currentfortwomaterials,YandZ.Oneofthematerialswillbechosenasfilamentinabulb.
Rajah23.1menunjukkansatumentolfilamenberlabel240V,80W.Rajah23.2menunjukkansatugrafbezakeupayaanmelawan
arusbagiduabahan,YdanZ.Satudaripadabahanituakandipilihsebagaifilamendalammentol.
(a) (i)
DefineOhmslaw.[1mark/markah]
TakrifkanhukumOhm.
(ii)
..
Whatismeantby240V,80W? [1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkanoleh240V,80W?
..
(b) Based on the graph in Diagram 23.2, compare the resistance of materials Y and Z. Choose the more suitable
materialtouseasafilamentofthebulb.Explainyourchoice.[4marks/markah]
BerdasarkanpadagrafdalamRajah23.2,bandingkanrintanganbagibahanYdanZ.Pilihbahanyangpalingsesuaidigunakan
sebagaifilamenmentol.Terangkanjawapananda.
(c)
As a researcher, your duty is to study the characteristics of a material to make a heating element of a water
heater.YouaregivenfourchoicesofheatingelementsJ,K,LandM.Table23.1showsthecharacteristicsofthe
fourheatingelements.
Sebagai seorang penyelidik, tugas anda ialah mengkaji ciriciri bagi satu bahan untuk membuat unsur pemanas dalam
pemanasair.AndadiberiempatpilihanbagiunsurpemanasJ,K,LdanM.Jadual23.1menunjukkanciriciribagiempatunsur
pemanasitu.
Heatingelement
Crosssectionalarea
Meltingpoint
Specificheatcapacity
Lengthofwire
Unsurpemanas
Luaskeratanrentas
Takatlebur
Muatanhabatentu
Panjangwayar
J
K
L
M
Small/Kecil
Large/Besar
Small/Kecil
Large/Besar
Low /Rendah
High /Tinggi
Long/Panjang
High /Tinggi
Low /Rendah
Short/Pendek
High /Tinggi
Low /Rendah
Long/Panjang
Low /Rendah
High /Tinggi
Short/Pendek
Youarerequiredtodeterminethemostsuitableheatingelement.Studythespecificationsofallthefourheating
elementsandthenjustifyyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Anda diminta untuk menentukan unsur pemanas yang paling sesuai. Kaji spesifikasi bagi semua unsur pemanas dan
justifikasikanpilihananda.
(d) Definethemeaningofcurrent.[1mark/markah]
Takrifkanmaksudarus.
..
36
QUESTION24 RESISTANCEANDHEATINGELEMENT
24 (a) Diagram 24.1 shows the incomplete setup of an experiment used by a student to investigate how the current
flowinginaresistorvarieswiththepotentialdifferenceacrossit.
Rajah 24.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen pemasangan tak lengkap yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk menyiasat
bagaimanaarusmengalirdalamsatuperintangyangberubahdenganbezakeupayaanmerentasinya.
20
Byusinganappropriatesymbol,completethediagrambyputtingtheammeterandvoltmeter.[2marks/markah]
Denganmenggunakansimbolyangsesuai,lengkapkanrajahdenganmeletakkanammeterdanvoltmeter.
(b) Diagram24.2showsarheostat/Rajah24.2menunjukkansatureostat.
(i)
Whatisthefunctionoftherheostat /Apakahfungsireostat??[1mark /markah]
(ii)
....
Stateonefactorwhichaffectsthechangesoftheresistanceintherheostat.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatufaktoryangmempengaruhiperubahanrintangandalamreostat.
(iii)
....
Explaintheworkingprincipleoftherheostat. [5marks/markah]
Terangkanprinsipkerjareostat.
....
....
(iv)
....
WhatwillhappenifastudentconnectstherheostattoOhmslawcircuitthroughAandC?[1mark/markah]
ApakahyangakanberlakujikaseorangpelajarmenyambungkanreostatitukelitarhukumOhmmenerusiAdanC?
(c)
....
Diagram24.3showsanelectrickettleusedtoboilwater.
Rajah24.3menunjukkansatucerekelektrikyangdigunakanuntukmendidihair.
Table24.3showsthespecificationsoffourwiresofthesamediameterthatcanbeusedasaheatingelementof
anelectrickettle.
Jadual24.3menunjukkanspesifikasibagiempatwayaryangmempunyaidiameteryangsamayangbolehdigunakansebagai
unsurpemanassuatucerekelektrik.
Type
Density(kgm3)
Jenis
Ketumpatan(kgm3)
Meltingpoint(C)
Takatlebur(C)
Oxidationrate
Resistivity(m)
Kadarpengaratan
High/Tinggi
High/Tinggi
Low/Rendah
Low/Rendah
Kerintangan(m)
7500
8.0107
8050
7.0107
8500
5.0107
9000
8.0107
Youarerequiredtodeterminethemostsuitablewireandexplainthesuitabilityofthecharacteristicsgiveninthe
Table24.3.[10marks/markah]
P
Q
R
S
6500
7000
5000
2500
AndadimintauntukmenentukanwayaryangpalingsesuaidanterangkankesesuaianciriciridalamJadual24.3.
37
QUESTION25 ELECTRICITY ANDHEATINGELEMENT

25 Diagram25.1andDiagram25.2showtwocircuits.Eachcircuitcontainsanammeter,4cells,rheostatandafilament
lamplabelled6V,24W.Diagram25.3andDiagram25.4showthethicknessofcoiledwireoffilamentlampMandN
respectively.
Rajah 25.1 dan Rajah 25.2 menunjukkan dua litar. Setiap litar mengandungi satu ammeter, 4 sel, reostat dan satu lampu filamen
berlabel6V,24W.Rajah25.3danRajah25.4menunjukkanketebalangegelungwayarbagilampufilamenMdanNmasingmasing.
Diagram25.1/Rajah25.1Diagram25.2/Rajah25.2Diagram25.3:LampM/LampuMDiagram25.4:LampN
(a) Whatisthemeaningofthelabelled6V,24Wonthefilamentlamp?[1mark /markah]
Apakahmaksudlabel6V,24Wpadalampufilamen.
.
(b) ObserveDiagram25.1 andDiagram25.2.Comparethereadingoftheammeterandthebrightnessofthefilament
lamp M and N and compare the thickness of coiled wire of the filament lamps. Relate the brightness of the
filamentlampwiththethicknessofcoiledwiretomakeadeductionontherelationshipbetweenthicknessofcoil
wireandtheheatproducedbythefilamentlamp.[5marks/markah]
Perhatikan Rajah 25.1 dan Rajah 25.2. Banding bacaan pada ammeter dan kecerahan lampu filamen M dan N dan banding
ketebalan gegelung wayar pada lampu filamen. Kaitkan kecerahan lampu filamen dengan ketabalan wayar gegelung untuk
membuatsatukesimpulanpadahubunganantaraketebalangegelungwayardanhabadihasilkanolehlampufilamen.
..
....
(c)
....
Diagram25.5showstwotypesofplugfortheelectrickettlethatcanbeconnectedtotheelectricsupply.Diagram
25.5(a)usestwopinplugs,whileDiagram25.5(b)usesathreepinplugwithanearthwire.
Rajah 25.5 menunjukkan dua jenis plag untuk cerek elektrik yang disambungkan ke bekalan elektrik. Rajah 25.5(a)
menggunakanplagduapinmanakalaRajah25.5(b)menggunakanplag3pindenganwayarbumi.
Diagram25.5(a)/Rajah25.5(a)Diagram25.5(b)/Rajah25.5(b)
Explainwhyathreepinplugismoresuitablecomparedwithatwopinsplug.[4marks/markah]
Terangkanmengapaplag3pinadalahlebihsesuaiberbandingdenganplag2pin.
(d) Diagram25.6showsawaterheaterusedtoboilwater.
Rajah25.6menunjukkansatupemanasairyangdigunakanuntukmendidihair.
Using appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain how to build a water heater which can boil a larger
quantityofwaterfaster,moreefficient,andmoresafetybasedonthefollowingaspects:
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan bagaimana membina satu pemanas air yang boleh mendidih
kuantitiairyangbanyakdengancepat,lebiheffisiendanlebihselamatberdasarkanaspekberikut:
(i)typeofmaterialoftheheatingelement/Jenisbahanbagiunsurpemanas
(ii)shapeoftheheater/Bentukpemanas
(iii)meltingpointoftheheatingelement/Takatleburbagiunsurpemanas
(iv)rateofrustingoftheheatingelement/Kadarpengaratanbagiunsurpemanas
(v)additionalcomponentusedforsafety/Komponentambahandigunakanuntukkeselamatan[10marks/markah]
38

26 (a) Diagram26.1showsa240V,1200Welectricalkettle.
Rajah26.1menunjukkansatucerekelektrik240V,1200W.
(i)
Nameonesuitablematerialwhichcanbeusedtoproducetheheatingcoiloftheheater.Stateonereason
foryourchoice.[2marks/markah]
Namakansatubahanyangsesuaiyangbolehdigunakanuntukmenghasilkangegelungpemanasitu.Berikansatusebab
untukpilihananda.
(ii)
.
Theelectricalheaterisconnectedtoa240Vpowersupply.
Calculatethecurrentthatflowsthroughtheheaterandtheresistanceoftheelectricalheater.
Pemanaselektrikitudisambungkankepadasatubekalankuasa240V.
Hitungarusyangmengalirmenerusipemanasitudanrintanganpemanaselektrikitu.
[4marks/markah]
(iii) Statetheenergythatoccurswhentheelectricalheaterisswitchedon.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanperubahantenagayangberlakuapabilapemanaselektrikitudihidupkan.
.
(b) Table 26.1 shows the characteristics of five conductors, P, Q, R, S and T that can be used as the material of a
connectingwire.
Jadual26.1menunjukkancrriciribagilimakonduktorP,Q,R,SdanTyangbolehdigunakansebagaibahanbagisatuwayar
konduktor.
Conductor
Meltingpoint/C
Density/ kgm3
Levelofoxidation
Resistivity/m
Konduktor
Takatlebur/C
Ketumpatan/kgm3
Kadarpengoksidaan
Kerintangan/m
2.6103
Low /Rendah
1.4106
3.2103
High/Tinggi
2.3107
3
1.910
Low /Rendah
4.2107
4.7103
High/Tinggi
5.6106
3
2.010
Low /Rendah
1.2107
Asanengineer,youareassignedtostudyeachcharacteristicofconductors,P,Q,R,SandT.Then,determinethe
mostsuitablematerialtobeusedfortheconnectingwiretotransmitelectricitythroughalongdistance.
P
Q
R
S
T
457
349
1435
1520
1452
Sebagaiseorangjurutera,andaditugaskanuntukmengkajiciricirisetiapkonduktorP,Q,R,SdanT.kemudian,tentukanbahan
yangpalingsesuaidigunakanuntukwayarkonduktorbagipenghantaranelektrikmelaluijarakyangpanjang.
[10marks/markah]
39
QUESTION26CURRENT,VOLTAGEANDRESISTANCECOMPARISONS
26 (a) Diagram26.1showsthreeresistorofresistanceR1,R2 andR3 connectedinacircuit.
Rajah26.1menunjukkantigaperintangdenganrintanganR1,R2danR3yangdisambungkandalamsatulitar.
(i)
NamethetypeofconnectionofresistanceasshowninDiagram26.1.[1mark/markah]
NamakanjenissambunganperintangperintangsepertiyangditunjukkandalamRajah26.1.
(ii)
..
Fillintheblankswithcorrectsigntocompletethesentencesbelow.[3marks/markah]
Isikantempatkosongdengantandayangbetuluntukmelengkapkanayatayatberikut.
Thecurrentthroughthebattery/Arusyangmengalirmelaluibateri,I=I1..I2..I3
Thetotalpotentialdifferenceacrossbattery/Bezakeupayaanmerentasibateri,V=V1..V2..V3
Theeffectiveresistance/Jumlahrintanganberkesan,R=R1..R2..R3
(b) Anelectrickettlerated240V,2kWisusedtoheatup1kgwaterfrom25Cto100C.Thespecificheatcapacity
ofwateris4200Jkg1C1.
Sebuahcerekelektrikberkadar 240V,2kWdigunakanuntuk memanaskan1kgairdaripada 25Cke100C. Muatanhaba

tentubagiairialah4200Jkg1C1.
(i) Calculatetheheatabsorbedbythewater/Hitungtenagayangdiserapolehair.[2marks/markah]
(ii)
Calculatethetimetakentoboilthewater/Hitungmasayangdiambiluntukmendidihair.[2marks/markah]
(iii) Statetheassumptionyoumadein26(b)(i)/Nyatakanandaianyangandabuatdi26(b)(i).[1mark/markah]
(c)
Asanelectricalengineer,youareassignedtomodifyanelectricalcircuitthatcanlightupthelampslabeled240V,
1000Winofficebrightly.Youdesignshouldbebasedonthefollowingaspects:
Sebagai seorang jurutera elektrik, anda ditugaskan untuk mengubahsuai satu litar elektrik yang boleh menyalakan lampu
lampuberlabel240V,1000Wdiofficedenganterang.Pengubahsuaianandahendaklahmerangkumiaspekaspekberikut:
Connectionofvoltagesupplier/Sambunganpembekalvoltan
Connectionoflamps/Sambunganlampulampu
Typeoffusetobeused/Jenisfiusyangdigunakan
Typeofconnectingwire/Jenisdawaisambungan
Diameterofconnectingwire/Diameterdawaisambungan
[10marks/markah]
(d) Youaregiventhreeidenticalvoltagesupplierswitheach12V,threeidenticalresistorswitheach2 andthree

identicalbulbswitheachlabeled6V,15WbutwithdifferentarrangementcircuitsasshowninDiagram26.2and
Diagram26.3.
Andadiberitigapembekalvoltanserupadengansetiapnya12V,tigaperintangserupadengansetiapnya2dantigamentol
serupadengansetiapnyaberlabel6V,15WtetapidenganpenyusunanlitaryangberbezasepertiditunjukkandalamRajah
26.2danRajah26.3.
Calculate the total voltage, total effective resistance and total power to be consumed by the bulbs for both
Diagram26.2andDiagram26.3.
Hitungjumlahvoltan,jumlahrintanganberkesandanjumlahkuasadigunakanolehmentolmentoluntukkeduaduaDiagram
26.2danDiagram26.3.
40
QUESTION27 FARADAYSLAWANDLENZSLAW
27 Diagram27.1,27.2and27.3showabarmagnetisbeingpushedtowards,awayfromandstaysstationaryinasolenoid
respectively.
Rajah27.1,27.2dan27.3menunjukkansatumagnetbardimasukkankedalam,dikeluarkandaripadadankekalpegundidalamsatu
solenoidmasingmasing.
Diagram27.1/Rajah27.1Diagram27.2/Rajah27.2Diagram27.3/Rajah27.3
(a) Stateaphysicslawinvolvedforthedirectionofneedledeflectionofgalvanometerasshownindiagrams.[1mark]
Nyatakansatuhukumfizikyangterlibatuntukarahpesonganjarumgalvanometersepertiditunjukkandalamrajahrajah.
.
(b) Definethelawyoustatein27(a).[1mark/markah]
Takrifkanhukumyangandanyatakandi27(a).
(c)
.
Byuseoflawyoustatein27(a),determinethemagneticpoleatWfor:[3marks/markah]
Denganmenggunakanhukumyangandanyatakandi27(a),tentukankekutubanmagnetdiWuntuk:
(d) Whatisthephysicalquantitybeingmeasuredbygalvanometerasshownindiagrams?[1mark/markah]
Apakahkuantitifizikalyangdiukurolehgalvanometersepertiditunjukkandalamrajahrajah?
.
(e) InDiagram27.1,themagnetbarismovingfasterintothesolenoid.
DalamRajah27.1,barmagnetitudimasukkandenganlebihlajukedalamsolenoid.
(i)
Whatwillhappentothereadingofthegalvanometer?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangakanberlakukepadabacaanbacaangalvanometer?
(ii)
Givereasonforyouranswerin27(e)(i).[1mark/markah]
Berikansebabuntukjawapanandadi27(e)(i).
(iii) Statethephysicslawyouapplied.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanhukumfizikyangandaaplikasikan.
(f)
Statewaystoincreasethemagnitudeofdeflectionofgalvanometerbasedonfollowingaspectsgivenandstate
thereason.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakan caracara untuk menambahkan magnitud pesongan galvanometer berdasarkan pada aspekaspek berikut dan
berikansebab.
Strengthofmagnet/Kekuatanmagnet
Numberofturnsofcoils/Bilanganlilitangegelung
Typeofwireusedtomakethecoils/Jenisdawaidigunakanuntukmembuatgegelung
Diameterofwire/Diameterdawai
Speedofmagnetbarmoving/Kelajuanbarmagnetbergerak
[10marks/markah]
41
QUESTION28 CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNET
28 Diagram28.1and28.2showtheinsulatedcopperwiresarewrappedaroundironnail toformanelectromagnet.
Rajah28.1danRajah28.2menunjukkandawaikuprumbersalutyangdigelungpadapakubesiuntukmembentuksatuelektromagnet.
Whentheswitchisonandpaperclipsofthesameamountareputintheplates,thepaperclipsareattractedtothenail.
Apabilasuisdihidupkandanklipkertasdenganamaunyangsamdiletakkandidalampetri,klipkertasakanditarikkepadapaku.
(a) Whatismeantbyelectromagnet?
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganelektromagnet?
(b) UsingDiagram28.1andDiagram28.2,comparethenumberofturnsinsolenoid,theamountofcurrentflowing
andthenumberofpaperclipsattractedtothesolenoid.Statetherelationshipbetweenthenumberofturnsin
solenoidtothenumberofpaperclipsbeingattractedandhence,deducetherelationshipbetweenthenumberof
turnsofcoiltothestrengthofthemagnetbeingproduced.
MenggunakanRajah28.1danRajah28.2,bandingbilangangegelungdalamsolenoid,amaunarusmengalirdanbilanganklip
kertasditarikkepadasolenoid.Nyatakanhubunganantarabilangangegelungdalamsolenoiddenganbilanganklipkertasyang
ditarikdankemudian,deduksikanhubunganantarabilangangegelungdengankekuatanmagnetyangdihasilkan.
..
(c)
Diagram28.3showsanelectricbellconnectedtodrycells.
Rajah28.3menunjukkansatulocengelektrikyangdisambungkankepadaselkering.
Explainhowtheelectricbellfunctions/Terangkanbagaimanalocengelektrikberfungsi.
..
(d) AnelectricbellinDiagram28.3ismodifiedinorder toproducealoudersound.

Table28.1showsthecharacteristicsofelectricbellsP,Q,R,SandTwhichcouldproducealoudsound.
LocengelektrikdidalamRajah28.3diubahsuaiuntukmenghasilkanbunyiyanglebihkuat.
Jadual28.1menunjukkanciriciribagilocengelektrikP,Q,R,SdanTyangbolehmenghasilkanbunyiyangkuat.
ElectricBell
Sizeofhammer Distancehammertogong/cm Numberofturnsatcore
Curvatureofgong
Locengelektrik Saizhammer
Jarakhammerkegong/cm
Bilangangelungpadateras Kelengkungangong
P
Q
R
S
T
Big /Besar
Big /Besar
Big /Besar
Small/Kecil
Small/Kecil
2.0
50
Big /Besar
5.0
100
Big /Besar
5.0
100
Small /Kecil
5.0
50
Small /Kecil
2.0
100
Small /Kecil
ExplainthesuitabilityofeachcharacteristicoftheelectricbellinTable28.1andhence,determinewhichelectric
bellisabletoproducetheloudestsound.Justifyyourchoice.[10marks/markah]
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri loceng elektrik dalam Jadual 28.1 dan kemudian, tentukan loceng elektrik yang manakah
bolehmenghasilkanbunyiyangpalingkuat.Justifikasipilihananda.
42
QUESTION29CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
29 Diagram 29.1 shows a bar magnet is hung on a spring that attached to a retort stand. The bar magnet is displaced
downwardsandreleasedsoitcanoscillatethroughasolenoidwhichisconnectedtoacentrezerogalvanometer.
Rajah 29.1 menunjukkan satu magnet bar digantung pada spring yang dihubungkan kepada satu kaki retort. Magnet bar itu
disesarkankebawahdandilepaskansupayaiaberayunmelaluisolenodyangdisambungkankepadagalvanometerpusatsifar.
(a) (i)
Namethephysicalquantitybeingshownbythereadingofgalvanometer.[1mark/markah]
Namakankuantitifizikalyangditunjukkanolehbacaangalvanometer.
(ii)
Statethephysicsconceptfortheproduceofthereadingofgalvanometer.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakankonsepfizikyangmenghasilkanbacaangalvanometer.
(b) Whenthebarmagnetmovetowardsthesolenoid,thegalvanometerpointerdeflectforawhile.
Apabilamagnetbarbergerakkearahsolenoid,penunjukgalvanometermemesonguntukseketika.
(i)
Explainwhythegalvanometerpointerdeflects? [1mark/markah]
Terangkanmengapapenunjukgalvanometermemesong?
(ii)
StatethepolarityofendAandendB ofthesolenoid. [2marks/markah]

NyatakankekutubanpadahujungAdanhujungBbagisolenoiditu.
A:..............B:..............
(iii) Statethedirectionofthedeflectionofthegalvanometerpointer.[1mark/markah]
Nyatakanarahpesonganpenunjukgalvanometeritu.
(c)
Diagram29.2showsamovingcoilammeter
Rajah29.2menunjukkansatuammetergegelungbergerak.
3
2
0
Indicator
Coil
Gegelung
Hairspring
Springrerambut
Nonlinearscale
Skalataklinear
Permanentmagnet
Magnetkekal
S
Rectangularsteelcore
Teraskelulisegiempat
Explainhowyouwoulddesignamovingcoilammeterthatcanfunctionbetter.Inyourexplanation,emphasizethe
followingaspects:
Terangkan bagaimana anda akan merekabentuk satu ammeter gegelung bergerak yang boleh berfungsi dengan lebih baik.
Dalampenerangananda,tekankanaspekaspekberikut:
Hardnessofhairspring/Kekerasanspringrerambut
Shapeofthepermanentmagnet/Bentukmagnetkekal
Shapeofthecore/Bentukteras
Typeofthecorematerial/Jenisbahanteras
Typeoftheammeterscale/Jenisskalaammeter
[10marks/markah]
43
QUESTION30 TRANSISTORASCURRENTAMPLIFIER
30 Diagram30.1showsacircuitconsistingoftransistor,resistors,drycells,anearphoneandmicrophone.
Rajah30.1menunjukkansatulitaryangmengandungitransistor,perintangperintang,selselkering,fontelingadanmikrofon.
(a) (i)
WhatisthecomponentlabeledZ /ApakahnamakomponenberlabelZ?[1mark/markah]
(ii)
LabelthenamegiventotheterminalsofZ for:[3marks/markah]
LabelnamadiberikepadaterminalterminalZuntuk:
p:..q:..r:..
(iii) StatethefunctionofcomponentZinthiscircuit.[1mark/markah]
NyatakanfungsibagicomponentZdalamlitarini.
(b)
(c)
Statethefunctionfor/Nyatakanfungsibagi:
(i) Microphone/Mikrofon:
(ii) Capacitor/Kapasitor:
(iii) ResistorXandY /PerintangXdanY:
(iv) Earphone/Fontelinga:
ExplaintheworkingprincipleofcomponentZ.[4marks/markah]
TerangkanfungsikerjabagikomponenZ.
(d) GiventheresistanceofresistorXandY are3kand2krespectively.CalculatethevoltageacrossresistorX and

Yrespectively.[4marks/markah]
Diberi rintangan bagi perintang X dan Y ialah 3 k dan 2 k masingmasing. Hitung voltan merentasi perintang X dan Y
masingmasing.
(e) Diagram10.2showsthecrosssectionofamovingcoilmicrophone.
Rajah30.2menunjukkankeratanrentasbagisatumikrofongegelungbergerak.
Whenthediaphragmmovesinresponsetosound,theattachedcoilmovesinthemagneticfieldandgeneratesa
very small current in the wire of thecoil. Using an appropriate concept in physics,suggestand explain suitable
modificationsorwaystoenablethemicrophonetodetectsoundeffectivelyandgeneratebiggercurrentbasedon
thefollowingaspect:
Apabila diframa bergerak balas dengan bunyi, gegelungnya bergerak ke dalam medan magnetik dan menjanakan satu arus
yangkecildalamwayargegelung.Menggunakankonsepfizikyangsesuai,cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuaianataucara
yang sesuai untuk membolehkan mikrofon mengesan suara dengan berkesan dan menjanakan arus yang lebih besar
berdasarkanpadaaspekaspekberikut:
(i)Thicknessofdiaphragm/Ketebalandiaframa
(ii)Strengthofthematerialfordiaphragm/Kekuatanbahandiaframa
(iii)Numberofturnsofcoil/Bilangangegelung
(iv)Diameterofthewireofcoil/Diameterwayargegelung
(v)Strengthofmagnet/Kekuatanmagnet
44
QUESTION31 APPLICATIONOFMIRROR
31 Diagram 31.1 shows two cars P and Q, travelling in the oppose directions, passing through a sharp band. A mirror is
placedatX.
Rajah31.1menunjukkanduakeretaPdanQbergerakdalamarahberlawananmelaluisatuselekohtajam.Satumirrordiletakkandi
X.
Diagram31.1/Rajah31.1Rajah31.2/Rajah31.2
Diagram31.2showsanincompleteraydiagramwhenaplanemirrorisplacedatX.
Rajah31.2menunjukkansaturajahsinartidaklengkapapabilasatucerminsatahdiletakkandiX.
(a) (i)
CompletetheraydiagraminDiagram31.2.[2marks/markah]
Statethelightphenomenoninvolvedin31(a)(i).[1mark/markah]
LengkapkanrajahsinardalamRajah31.2.
(ii)
Nyatakanfenomenoncahayayangterlibatdalam31(a)(i).
.
(iii) Basedonyouranswerin31(a)(i),statetheproblemexperiencedbythedriverincarP.[1mark/markah]
Berdasarkanpadajawapanandadi31(a)(i),nyatakansatumasalahyangdihadapaiolehpemandudalamkeretaP.
.
(b) Diagram31.3showsanincompleteraydiagramwhenacurvemirrorisplacedatXtoreplacetheplanemirrorin
Diagram31.2.Thecurvemirrorisusedtoovercometheproblemthatoccursin31(a).
Rajah 31.3 menunjukkan satu rajah sinar tidak lengkap apabila satu cermin lengkung diletakkan di X untuk menggantikan
cerminsatahdalamRajah31.2.Cerminlengkungitudigunakanuntukmengatasimasalahyangberlakudalam31(a).
(i)
Rajah31.3/Rajah31.3
Givethenameofthecurvemirror.[1mark/markah]
Berinamabagicerminlengkungitu.
(ii)
..
CompletetheraydiagraminDiagram31.3.[1mark/markah]
LengkapkanrajahsinardalamRajah31.3.
..
(iii) Basedonyouranswerin31(b)(ii),explainhowthecurvemirrorsolvedtheproblemin31(a)(iii)?
Berdasarkanjawapanandadi31(b)(ii),terangkanbagaimanacerminlengkungitumengatasimasalahdalam31(a)(iii)?
(c)
..
ThecharacteristicsoftheimageformedbythecurvedmirrorinDiagram1.3arediminished,virtualandupright.
(i)
CiriciribagiimejyangterbentukolehcerminlengkungitudalamRajah31.3adalahmengecil,mayadantegak.
Whathappentothecharacteristicsoftheimagewhenthefocallengthofthecurvedmirrorisincreased?
Apakahyangberlakukepadaciriciriimejapabilapanjangfokusbagicerminlengkungituditambahkan?
(ii)
..
Givethereasonforyouranswerin31(c)(i).[1mark/markah]
Berisebabuntukjawapanandadi31(c)(i).
..
45
QUESTION32 WAVEOFOSCILLATEDSPRING
32 Diagram32.1showsadisplacementtimegraphoftheoscillationofaloadedspring.
Rajah32.1menunjukkansatugrafsesaranmasabagisuatuayunanspringberbeban.
(a) BasedontheDiagram32.1/BerdasarkanpadaRajah32.1:
(i)
LabeltheperiodusingthesymbolT. [1mark/markah]
(ii)
LabeltheamplitudeusingthesymbolA. [1mark/markah]
(iii)
Whatismeantbyperiod/Apakahmaksudtempoh? [1mark/markah]
LabeltempohdenganmenggunakansimbolT.
LabelamplitudedenganmenggunakansimbolA.
(b) Whatwillhappentotheperiodoftheoscillationwhenthefrequencyofthewavesincreases?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangakanberlakukepadatempohayunanapabilafrekuensigelombangditambahkan?
(c)
..
Ifthespringisundergoingdamping,whatwillhappentotheamplitudeofthe oscillation?[1mark/markah]
Jikaspringitumengalamipelembapan,apakahyangakanberlakukepadaamplitudayunan?
..
(d) Loadedspringwillstoposcillatingafterafewminutes. Ondiagrambelow,sketchthedisplacementtimegraphto
showthedampingprocess.[2marks/markah]
Spring berbeban akan berhenti berayun selepas beberapa minit.Pada rajah berikut, lakarkan graf sesaranmasa untuk
menunjukkanprosespelembapanitu.
(e) Diagram 32.2 shows an experiment to determine the wavelength of monochromatic light waves by using a red
lightsource.
Rajah 32.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan panjang gelombang bagi suatu cahaya monokromatik dengan
menggunakansumbercahayamerah.
(i)
Whatismeantbymonochromaticlight /Apakahmaksudcahayamonokromatik?[1mark/markah]
(ii)
Whyareredfringesformedonthescreen /Mengapapinggirpinggirmerahterbentukpadaskrin?[1mark]
(iii) The distance between the Youngs doubleslit and the screen is 3.0 m. The double slit used has the slit
separationis5x104m.Calculatethewavelengthoftheredlight.[2marks/markah]
JarakantaradwicelahYoungdanskrinialah3.0m.Dwicelahyangdigunakanmempunyaijarakcerah5104m.Hitung
panjanggelombangbagicahayamerah.
(iv) Theredlightisreplacedbythegreenlight.Whathappentodistancebetweentwoconsecutivedarkfringes.
Givereason.[2marks/markah]
Cahayamerahdigantikandengancahayahijau.Apakahyangakanberlakukepadajarakantaraduapinggirgelapyang
berturutan?Berisebab.
46
QUESTION33SOUNDWAVE
33 Diagram33.1showsthreestudentsinvestigatingaphenomenonofsoundwavebystandingatpositionL,M andN.A
signalgeneratorandaspeakerissetnexttothecornerofthebuilding.Theinvestigationiscarriedoutbychangingthe
frequencyofthesignalgeneratorandthethreestudentsareassigntolistentothesoundtransmitedbythespeaker
beginwithafrequencyof586Hz.
Rajah33.1menunjukkantigapelajarmenyisatfenomenongelombangbunyidenganberdiridiposisiL,MdanN.Satupenjanaisyarat
dansatupembesarsuaradiletakkanbersebelahandengansudutbangunanitu.Penyiasatandijalankandenganmengubahfrekuensi
penjanaisyaratdantigapelajarditugaskanuntukmendengarbunyiyangdikeluarkanolehpembesarsuarabermuladenganfrekuensi
586Hz.
(a) (i)
Whattypeofwaveisthesoundwave?[1mark/markah]
Apakahjenisgelombangbagigelombangbunyi?
(ii)
.
Asthefrequencyofthesignalgeneratorincreasesonlyonestudentcanstillhearthesoundclearly.Which
ofthestudentisabletohearthesoundclearly?[1mark/markah]
Apabila frekuensi bagi penjana isyarat bertambah, seorang pelajar saja dapat mendengar bunyi itu dengan jelas.
Pelajaryangmanakahbolehmendengarsuaraitudenganjelas?
(iii)
.
Giveonereasonforyouranswerin33(e)(ii). [1mark/markah]
Berisatusebabuntukjawapanandadi33(e)(ii).
.
(b) Thespeedofthesoundwaveinairis330ms1.Calculatethewavelengthofthesoundwave.[2marks/markah]
Lajugelombangbunyididalamudaraialah330ms1.Hitungpanjanggelombangbagigelombangbunyiitu.
(c)
Onthespacebelow,sketchagraphtopresentachangeofsoundwavefromhighpitchsoundtolowpitchsound
withconstantloudness.[2marks/markah]
Pada ruangan bawah, lakarkan satu graf untuk menggambarkan perubahan gelombang bunyi dari kelanggsingan tinggi
kepadakelangsinganrendahdengankekuatanbunyidimalarkan.
(d) On the spacebelow, sketcha graph to present achangeof sound wave from high loudness to low loudness of
soundwithconstantpitchofsound.[2marks/markah]
Padaruanganbawah,lakarkansatugrafuntukmenggambarkanperubahangelombangbunyidaribunyitinggikepadabunyi
rendahdengankelangsinganbunyidimalarkan.
47
QUESTION34MOMENTUM,IMPULSEANDIMPULSIVEFORCE
34 Diagram34.1showsasoftballmovingwithhighmomentum.
Rajah34.1menunjukkansatubolalisutyangbergerakdenganmomentumyangtinggi.
(a) Whatismeantbymomentum?[1mark/markah]
Apakahyangdimaksudkandenganmomentum?
..
(b) Calculatethemomentumofthesoftballifthemassoftheballis80ganditsvelocityis100ms1.[1mark/markah]
Hitungmomentumbagibolalisutitujikajisimbolanyaialah80gdanhalajunyaialah100ms1.
(c)
Ifthemassoftheballisincreasedbutitsmomentumremainsunchanged.Howdoesitsvelocitychanges?[1mark]
Jikajisimboladitambahkantetapimomentumnyatidakberubah.Bagaimanakahhalajunyaberubah?[1markah]
..
(d) Usingtheconceptofforce,explainwhytheplayerneedstowearaglovetocatchafastmovingsoftball?[2marks]
Menggunakan konsep daya, terangkan mengapa pemain perlu memakai sarung tangan untuk menangkap bola lisut yang
bergerakdenganlaju?[2marks/markah]
..
..
(e) Diagram34.2showsabaseballplayerwearingasoftthickglovetocatchaballduringabaseballmatch.
Rajah34.2menunjukkanseorangpemainbolalisutmemakaisarungtangantebalyanglembutuntukmenangkapbolasemasa
pertandinganbolalisut.
(i)
Whatismeantbyimpulsiveforce? [1mark/markah]
Apakahmaksuddayaimpuls?
(ii)
.
Theballofmass0.15kgmoveswithavelocityof20ms1.
Calculatetheimpulsiveforceactingontheglovewhenthetimeofimpactis8.0x102s.[1mark/markah]
Bolaberjisim0.15kgbergerakdengankelajuan20ms1apabiladipukul.
Hitungkandayaimpulsyangbertindakkeatassarungtanganjikamasatindakbalas8.0x102s.
(iii)
Compare the impulsive force if the baseball player wears a hard glove to catch the ball. Explain your
answer.[2markS/markah]
Bandingkan daya impuls yang dihasilkan jika pemain itu menggunakan sarung tangan yang keras untuk menangkap
bola.Jelaskanjawapananda.
(iv)
.
Definetheimpulse.[1mark/markah]
Takrifkanimpuls.
48
QUESTION35APPLICATIONOFTRANSFORMER
35 Diagram35.1showsanelectricaltransmissionsystemfromthepowerstationtotheconsumers.
Rajah35.1menunjukkansistempenghantaranelektrikdaristesenjanakuasakepadapengguna.
(a) Whatisthefunctionofatransformer/Apakahkegunaantranformer?[1mark/markah]
.
(b) Table35.1showstheinformationofthecomponentsinanelectricaltransmissionsystem.
Jadual35.1menunjukkanmaklumattentangkomponensuatusistempenghantaranelektrik.
Electricaltransmissionsystemmodel
100
3600
1200
1200
1200
100
Modelsystempenghantaranelektrik
Numberofturnsoftheprimarycoil
Bilanganlilitangegelungprimer
Numberofturnsofthesecondarycoil
Bilanganlilitangegelungsekunder
Typeoftransformercore
Laminatedsoftiron
Softiron
Laminated softiron
Jenisterastransformer
Besilembutberlamina
Besilembut
Besilembutberlamina
Constantant
Aluminium
Aluminium
Konstantan
Aluminium
Aluminium
Materialsoftransmissionwire
Bahanbagikabelpenghantaran
BasedonTable35.1,statethesuitablecharacteristicsforelectrictransmissionsystemasshowninDiagram35.1.
BerdasarkanpadaJadual35.1,nyatakanciriciriyangsesuaibagisistempenghantaranelektriksepertidalamRajah35.1.
(i)
NumberofturnsofprimaryandsecondarycoilforTransformerX.[2 marks /markah]

BilanganlilitanbagigegelungprimerdansekunderTransformerX.
Reason/Sebab.
(ii)
Typeofcoreofthetransformer/Jenisterastransformer. [2 marks /markah]
Reason/Sebab.
(iii) Materialoftransmissionwire/Bahanbagikabelpenghantaran.[2 marks /markah]
Reason/Sebab.
(iv) Basedonyouranswersin35(b)(i),(b)(ii)and(b)(iii),determinethemost electrictransmissionmodel. [1mark]
Berdasarkanjawapanandadalam35(b)(i),(b)(ii)dan(b)(iii),tentukanmodelpenghantaranelektrikyangpalingsesuai.
(c)
Diagramshowsatransformerwhichchangesthemainssupplyfrom240 Vto9V.
Rajahmenunjukkansebuahtransformeryangmengubahbekalantenagaelektrik240Vkepada9V.
Ip
Is
240 V
9V
Theelectriccurrentintheprimarycoil,Ipandthesecondarycoil,Is,is0.1Aand2.0Arespectively.
Aruselekrikyangmengalirdalamgegelungprimer,Ipdangegelungsekunder,Ismasingmasingadalah0.1Adan2.0A.
(i)
Calculatetheefficiencyofthetransformer. [2 marks /markah]

Kirakankecekapantransformertersebut.
(ii)
Whatisthepowerlossinthetransformer? [2 marks /markah]

Berapakahkehilangankuasatransformertersebut?
49
QUESTION36PRESSUREINLIQUID
36 Diagram36.1showsapublicwatertankwhichsupplieswaterfordomesticusetoa residentialarea.
Rajah36.1menunjukkansebuahtangkiairawamyangmembekalkanairuntukkegunaandomestikdisatukawasanperumahan.
(a) Definethemeaningofpressure.[1mark/markah]
Takrifkanmaksudtekanan.
.
(b) Stateonefactorwhichaffectspressureinaliquid. [1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatufaktoryangmempengaruhitekanandalamcecair.
(c)
.
BasedonDiagram36.1,calculatethewaterpressureatX. [Densityofwater=103 kgm3].[2marks/markah]
BerdasarkanRajah36.1,hitungkantekananairdiX.[Ketumpatanair=103kgm3].
(d) Tenantsonthefifthflooroftheapartmentblockareunabletoobtaintap water.Why?[1mark/markah]

Penghuniditingkatlimablokpangsapuritidakmenerimabekalanairpaip.Mengapa?
.
(e) Thepublicwatersupplysystemcannotsastifyallthetenantneedsinfifthflooroftheapartmentblock.Suggest
andexplainmodificationstothewaterdistributionsystemshowninDiagram36.1toensurethefollowing:
Tangki air itu tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan semua penghuni di blok pangsapuri lima tingkat. Cadang dan terangkan
pengubahsuaianyangperludilakukankepadasistemtaburanairsepertidalamRajah36.1untuksetiapyangberikut:
(i)
Sufficientwatersupplyforallarearesidents. [1mark/markah]
Bekalanairyangmencukupiuntuksemuapenghunikawasan.
(ii)
..
Watersupplyreachesthefifthflooroftheapartmentbuilding. [1mark/markah]
Bekalanairbolehsampaiketingkatlimablokpangsapuri.
(f)
..
Thepublicwatersupplysystemoftenfacesaproblemindeliveringwaterto watertankslocatedontallbuildings.
Suggestandexplainoneotherwaytoovercomethisproblem.[2marks/markah]
Sistembekalan airawamkerapkalimenghadapimasalahuntukmenyalurkanairketangki airyangberadadi bahagian atas
bangunantinggi.Cadangkandanjelaskansatucaralainuntukmengatasimasalahini.
(g)
.
Diagram36.2showsthemercurylevelsinamercurymanometerusedtomeasurethepressureofagassupply.
Rajah36.2menunjukkanarasmerkuridalamsatumanometermerkuriyangdigunakanuntukmengukurtekananbekalangas.
Theatmosphericpressureis76cmHg.Whatisthepressureofthegassupply?[2marks/markah]
Tekananatmosferaialah76cmHg.Berapakahtekananbekalangasitu?
50
QUESTION37CONCEPTOFDENSITYANDARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
37 Diagram37.1showsafreelyfloatinghydrometerinwater.
Rajah37.1menunjukkanhidrometeryangterapungpegundidalamair.
Aprinciplestatesthat/Satuprinsipmenyatakanbahawa;
Whenabodyisimmersedwhollyorpartiallyinafluid,thebuoyantforceactingonthebodyisequaltotheweightof
thefluiditdisplaces.
Bila suatu objek yang direndamkan sepenuh atau sebahagiannya di dalam bendalir, daya tujah yang bertindak ke atas objek itu
adalahsamadenganberatbendaliryangtersesar.
(a) (i) Nametheprincipleabove/Namakanprinsipdiatas. [1mark/markah]
(ii)
MarkonDiagram37.1thedirectionofthetwoforcesactingonthe hydrometer.[2marks/markah]
TandakandengananakpanaharahdayadayayangbertindakkeatashidrometerpadaRajah37.1.
(b) Thehydrometerisremovedfromwater,driedandthenplacedinoil.
Hidrometeritudikeluarkandariair,dikeringkandandimasukkankedalamminyak.
(i)
Predictthelengthofthehydrometerthatissubmergedinoil,compared tothelengthinwater. [1mark]

Ramalkanpanjanghidrometeryangtenggelamdidalamminyak,berbandingpanjangdidalamair.[1mark]
(ii)
Giveareasonforyouranswerin37(b)(i). [1mark/markah]
Nyatakansatualasanuntukjawapanandadalam37(b)(i).
(c)
Diagram37.2showsanobjectwhichhasaweightof0.25Nfullyimmersedinwater.Itsapparentweightis0.22N.
[Densityofwater=1000kgm3]
Rajah37.2menunjukkansatuobjekyangmempunyaiberat0.25Nterendamsepenuhnyadidalamair.Beratketarabahanitu
ialah0.22N.[Ketumpatanair=1000kgm3]
(i)
Whatisthebuoyantforceontheobject? [2marks/markah]
Berapakahdayaapunganyangbertindakkeatasobjek?
(ii) Determinethevolumeoftheobject /Tentukanisipaduobjekitu. [2marks/markah]
(d) Diagram37.3showsawoodensampanofmass200kgwithavolumeof2m3 floatingatsea.

Rajah37.3menunjukkansebuahsampankayuberjisim200kgdenganisipadu2m3terapungdilaut.
(i)
NametheforceF andWshowninDiagram37.3 [2marks/markah]
NamakandayaFdanWyangditunjukkandalamRajah37.3.
(ii)
WhatistherelationshipbetweenFandW?[1 mark/markah]
ApakahhubunganantaraFdanW?
(iii) DeterminethemagnitudeofF/TentukanmagnitudF.[2marks/markah]
51
52
ANSWEROFPAPER2PREDICT
PHYSICS2013
QUESTION1TRANSFORMER
(a) (i)
Isatransformerwithoutputpowerwhichissamewithinputpower
(ii) Stepdowntransformer
(iii) Sothatthevoltagecanbealternatedandinducedtosecondarycoilsaccordingtothenumberofturnsof
transformerused
(b) Electromagneticinduction
(c) 1st:Thea.cvoltageisappliedtotheprimarycoil
2nd:Analternatingcurrentflowinprimarycoilwillproduceamagneticfluxaroundthecoil
3rd:Themagneticfluxwillbeinducedtothesecondarycoil.
4tH:Amagneticfluxinsecondarycoilwillinduceanalternatingcurrent
5th:Amountofinducedcurrentinsecondarycoildependsonthenumberorturnsofsecondarycoil.
(d) Tochangetheacvoltagetod.cvoltage
(e) Byra o:240V1200turns
?V800turns
So,secondaryvoltage=160V
(f) (i)
Inputpower,P=IV=0.25x240=60W
(ii) TransformerX:Outputpower=12W+12W+12W=36W
TransformerY:Outputpower=24W+12W+12W=48W
TransformerZ:Outputpower=18W+18W+18W=54W
(iii) TransformerZ
(iv) Hashigheroutputpowermeaningthathigherefficiency
(g) (i)
Samewithinoutpowerwhichis60W
(ii) Currentdissipatedasheat
(iii) Usesoftmagnetintransformer//uselaminatedmagnet//usestrongermagnet//usethickerwiretomake
coils
(h)
Characteristics
Reason
UseUshapecore
Centralizethemagnet
Usesoftironcore
Canbemagnetizedordemagnetizedeasily
Uselaminatedcore
Toreducetheeddycurrent
Usethickerwire
Thickerwirehassmallerresistance
So,coreDischosenbecauseitisinUshape,thecoreissoftandlaminatedandthewireusedisthick.
(i)
Characteristics
Reason
Usethickerdiaphragm
Canwithstandthepressurefromstrongersound
vibrations
Usehighstrengthtomakediaphragm
Longlasting
Usemoreturns
moremagneticflux cut
Usebiggerdiameterofthewirecoil
Reduceresistance
Usehigherstrengthofmagnet
Producestrongermagneticflux
QUESTION2CONCEPTOFSPRING
(a) Statesthattheextensionofspringisdirectlyproportionaltothemassofloadbeinghungonitsuchthatthe
elasticlimitisnotexceeded.
(b) Istheforceperunitlengthofextension
(c) (i)
Thelineofthegraphisofstraightline
(ii) stretched/diregangkan:attractiveforce
compressed/dimampatkan:repulsiveforce
(d) FromF=kxandF=mg
So,0.4x10=kx0.20
k=20Nm1
(e) Usebiggerdiameterofspring//biggerdiameterofcoilofspring//uselongerspring
(f) Istheabilityofanobjecttoresumetoitsoriginaloncetheappliedforceisremoved
(g) 1st:Thespringhasintermolecularforcewhichisattractiveorrepulsiveforce
2nd:Whenthespringisstretched,theattractiveforcebetweenmoleculesismorethanrepulsiveforceandthus
pullthespringtoitsoriginalstate
3rd:Whenthespringiscompressed,therepulsiveforcebetweenmoleculesismorethanattractiveforceandthus
repelthespringtoitsoriginalstate
(h) (i)
Elasticpotentialenergy
(ii) FromF=kx
3.6=k[(128)/100]
k=90Nm1
Energystored,E=Fx@kx2
=(3.6)(0.08)J
=0.144J
(iv) Byra o:3.6N4cm

5N?cm
So,?=5.55cm
Hence,x=12cm5.55cm
=6.45cm
(i) Note:tomeasurethesmallquantityoffoodinaccurately.
Characteristics
Reason
Usesmallerspringconstant
Thespringwillbesofter
Onespringinseries
Moresensitivetoappliedforce
Uselongerspring
Canmeasuremoreforceasmorecompressionofspring
Lowrustingrate
Canuseforlongertimewithoutrust
So,weighingscaleRischosenbecauseithassmallertspringconstant,useonespring,thelengthofspringislong
andhaslowrustingrate.
(j) Note:Tomakethebabyscradle
Characteristics
Reason
Usehigherforceconstant
Thespringwillbestifferandthuscansupportheavierload
Diameterofwiremustbebig
Thespringwillbestiffer
Diameterofcoilsofspringmustbebig Lessextensiontoheavierload
Usesteeltomakethespring
Strongmaterialwithlowrustingrate
So,thespringSischosenbecauseithasbigforceconstant,bigdiameterofwiretomakespring,hasbigdiameter
ofcoilsofwiretomakespringandusesteelmaterialtomakespring
(k) (i)
Directlyproportional
(ii) Hookeslaw
(iii) Springconstant//Forceconstant
(iv) SpringB.BecausespringBhasmoreextensioninlengthwithsmallerforce
(a) Isanelementwhichhasitselectricityconductivitybetweenmetalandnonmetal
(b) Comparethetypeofsemiconductorformed:Diagram3.1isptypesemiconductorbutntypesemiconductorfor
Diagram3.2
Function:Diagram3.1:holeaspositivemajoritychargecarrierbutDiagram3.2:negativemajoritychargecarrier
Valencyofimpurity:Diagram3.1is3butdiagram3.2is5
(c) Function:Toallowtheflowofcurrentinonedirection
Why:Connectionisforwardbiasmeaningthecurrentflowinthedirectionofdiode
(d)
(iii)
Aspect
Reason
Usehigha.cvoltageonsecondarycircuit Supportlampslabeled240V,120W
Uselightdependentresistor
Sensitivetotheintensityoflight
Usenpntransistor
Thetransistorisforwardbiaswithbattery
Userelayswitch
Justusesmallcurrenttoautomaticallyturnonthebulb
Characteristics
Reason
Usemoreturnsofcoils
Morecutofmagneticflux
Usehighstrengthofmagnet
Producemoremagneticflux
Use4diodes
Producefullwaverectification
Capacitanceofcapacitormustbebig
Tosmoothentheoutputvoltagefaster
So,thegeneratorYischosenasithasmoreturnsofcoilswithhighstrengthofmagnet.TherectificationcircuitC
ischosenasituses4diodeswithbigvalueofcapacitanceofcapacitor.
(e)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Isanelementwhichhasitselectricityconductivitybetweenmetalandnonmetal
Silicon,germanium
(i) Istheprocessofaddingimpuritiesintothepuresemiconductor
(ii)
Usetrivalentelementsuchasindium
Dopedintothesilicon
Thereismissingoneelectrontobesharedwithneighbouringsilicon.
Themissingoneelectroniscalledthehole
Theholeisthemajoritychargecarrierforptypesemiconductor
(iii)
Usepentavalentelementsuchasarsenic
Dopedintothesilicon
Thereisextraoneelectrontobesharedwithneighbouringsilicon.
Theextraoneelectroniscalledtheelectron
Theelectronisthemajoritychargecarrierforptypesemiconductor
(d) (i) Diagram4.1/Rajah4.1:Forwardbias
Diagram4.2/Rajah4.2:Reversedbias
(ii) BulbsinDiagam4.1lightupbutnotforDiagram4.2
(iii) Toallowtheflowofcurrentinonedirection
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h) Tosmoothentheoutputvoltage
(i) (i) Stepdowntransformer
(ii) 240VNP
12V150
Byratio,NP=3000turns
(iii) Inputpower,P=IV=0.125x240=30W
Outputpower=24W
Efficiency=(Outputpower/Inputpower)x100%
=(24/30)x100%
=80%
(iv) Sothatthevoltagecanbealternatedandinducedtosecondarycoilsaccordingtothenumberofturnsof
transformerused
(a) Istheunstableelementwhichhassameprotonnumberbutdifferentnucleonnumber
(b) LocationD.becauserapidincreaseinthereadingofratemeter
(c) (i) Radioactivityistherandomandspontanueousdisintegrationofunstablenucleitobecomemorestable
nucleibyreleasingradiationsandhugeenergy
Halflifeisthetimetakenforhalfofthesubstancetodisintegrate
(ii) Alphaistheheliumparticle
Betaisthefastmovingelectron
Gammaisanenergeticelectromagneticray
(iii) Meansthereisnowaytotellwhichsubstancewillundergothedecayprocessandnowaytotellwhenitwill
decay
(iv) Spontaneousmeanstheprocesshappenautomaticallywithouttriggeredbyanyexternalsourcelike
temperatureorpressure.
(c) (v)
(vi) Halflife=4hours
(d) (i)
(ii)
Alphaispositivechargeanddeflectedtonegativeplate
Betaisnegativeelectronanddeflectedtopositiveplate
(iii)
234
90
4
0
Th 226
88 Ra +2 2 He +2 1 e +Energy
So,2alphasand2betas
(iv) 48g24g12g6g
202020
So,massundecayed=6g
Halflifeisthetimetakenforhalfofthesubstancetodisintegrate
HalflifeforX=10minutesandHalflifeforY=5minutes
X:400countspermin,Y:200countspermin
(iii) DecayrateforsubstanceYishigherthanX.Inverselyproportional//Smallerhalflfe,fasterrateofdecay
(iv) Thereisareadingduetothebackgroundradiations
(b) Note:Asaradiotherapytreatmentforabraintumor
Characteristics
Reason
Useshorthalflife
Decayfasterandgivelesslongtermeffect
Lowionizingpower
Doesnotionizethesubstantialcells
Highpenetratingpower
Straightkillthetumorcells
Usegammaradiation
Hashighpenetratingpowerbutlowionizingpower
Inliquidstate
Easytobeputintotheareaoftumorcellsbyinjectiononly
So,radioisotopePischosenbecauseithasshorthalflife,lowionizingpower,highpenetratingpower,emits
gammaandinliquidstate.
(a) (i) Istheprocessofsplittingtheheavyunstablenucleitolightermorestablenucleiaccompaniedbyreleaseof
radiationsandenergy
(ii) Istheprocessofcombiningtwoormorethantwolightnucleitoformheaviernucleiaccompaniedby
releaseofradiationsandenergy
(ii) Nuclearfissioninvolvedinthesplittingthenucleusbutnuclearfusioninvolvedinthecombiningthenucleus
Bothdecreaseinmasswhichiscalledthemassdefect
Bothreleaseenergy
(b) Note:toensurethevolumeofguavajuiceisuniform.
Characteristics
Reason
Uselonghalflife
Theradioisotopecanbeusedforlongertimewiththeleastofrefillmentcost
Emitbeta
Hasmediumionizingandpenetratingpower
Insolidstate
Easytohandleorcarrywithoutsplit
Haslowionizingpower
Doesnotchangethetasteofthejuiceinside
So,radioisotopeTischosenbecauseithaslonghalflife,usebeta,insolidstateandhaslowionizingpower
QUESTION8 WAVES
(a) (i) Interference
(ii) Sothatthewavelengthofthewaveisconstant atanywhere
(iii) Comparethedistancebetweentwosources:Diagram8.1<Diagram8.2
Wavelengthofthepropagatingwaterwaves:Bothdiagramshavesamewavelengthasconstantdepth
Wavepatternsproducedbythesphericaldippers:Bothdiagramshavesamewavepattern
Distancebetweentwoadjacentantinodes:Diagram8.1<Diagram8.2
Distanceoftwocoherentsourcesisinverselyproportionaltothedistanceoftwoconsecutiveantinodes
lines
(b) (i) Techniqueusethereflectionofsoundtodetect depthorimage
(ii) Hasstrongerenergy//higherfrequency
(iii) 1st:Usesoundtransmitterwithknownfrequency
2nd:Thesoundistransmittedtotheseaandthetimetodetecttheechoisdetectedusingmicrophonewhich
isconnectedtoCROwiththetimebaseisset.
3rd:Thedepthorsea,d=speedofsoundx(echo/2)
(iv) Suggestedaspect
Reason
Distancebetweentwospeakermustbefar
Producenearerconstructivesounds
Thewallandfloormustbecurtainedsoft
Toassorbetheecho
Powerofspeakersmustbehigh
Produceloudersound
Speakeratallcornersofbuilding
Producestereosound
Microphonesisplacedfarfromspeaker
Reducesounddisturbance
QUESTION9 WAVES
(a) Transversewave
(b) (i) Diffraction
(ii) Frequency/Frekuensi:nochange
Wavelength/Panjanggelombang:nochange
Speedofwave/Lajugelombang:nochange
(c) Diagram9.1.becausethesizeofgapissmallerthanthewavelengthofthewave.Thediffractioneffectbecomes
obvious(changeinshapecanbeseenclearly)
(d) Diagram9.2.becausetheenergyisnotblockedbythebiggap
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(i)
(ii)
Refraction
Frequency/Frekuensi:nochange
Wavelength/Panjanggelombang:decrease
Speedofwave/Lajugelombang:decrease
(iii)
Refrertoteacher
QUESTION10 WAVES
10
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Onewavelength//onecolouroflight
Sourceofsamefrequency//samephase
Lightwaveisa(longitudinal,transverse )wave.
Diffraction,interference
From=ax/D
Wavelengthoftheredlight,=(0.5x103)(14x103)/5asx=42mm/3=14mm
=1.4x106m
Wavelengthofthebluelight,=(0.5x103)(10.5x103)/5asx=42mm/4=10.5mm
=1.05x106m
(f) (i)
Mirage
(ii) Totalinternalreflection
(iii) Directionoftherefractedrayswillberefractedawayfromthenormalline
(iv) Distancebetweentwoadjacentcrestortwoadjacenttrough
QUESTION11 WAVES
11 Note:toscantheimageoffoetussafely.
Characteristics
Reason
Usemechanicalwave
Theultrasoundneedsmediumtotravel
Usehighfrequencyofsound
Imageformedcanbeseenclearly
Uselowpenetratingpower
Doesnothurtthefeotus
Uselowionizingpower
Doesnotchangethestructureofcellsoffeotus
So,thescannerXischosenbecauseitusesmechanicalwave,hashighfrequency,haslowpenetratingpowerandalso
lowionizingpower.
(f) (i)
Electromagneticspectrum
(ii) Amplitude:nochange
Wavelength:decrease
Frequency:increase
Frequencyofthewaveisdirectlyproportionaltotheenergyofthewave
Thewavelengthofthewaveisinverselyproportionaltotheenergyofwave
(iii) NamethewavesofP,Q,R,S,TandU. [7marks/markah]

NamakangelombanggelombangbagiP,Q,R,S,TandU.
(iv)
12 (a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
P:radiowave,Q:microwave,R:infrared,S:visiblelight,T:ultravioletray,U:Xray,V:gammaray
P:broadcasting
Q:satellite//microovenheating
QUESTION12 GASLAWS
Boyleslawstatesthatforafixedmassofgas,thepressureofgasisinverselyproportionaltothevolumeof
gassuchthatitstemperatureiskeptconstant.
Charleslawstatesthatforafixedmassofgas,thevolumeofgasisdirectlyproportionaltotheabsolute
temperatureofgassuchthatitspressureiskeptconstant.
Pressurelawstatesthatforafixedmassofgas,thepressureofgasisdirectlyproportionaltotheabsolute
temperatureofgassuchthatitsvolumeiskeptconstant.
Bourdongauge
Pressureofgas
ThereadingofXincreases
Inverselyproportional
Atmosphericpressure
Volumeoftrapped:Diagram12.2>Diagram12.3
Massofgastrapped:Bothdiagramsame
Pressureoftrappedair:Diagram12.3>Diagram12.2
Volumeoftrappedairinthebeakerisinverselypropotionaltoitspressure
PhysicsconceptisBoyleslaw
Beakerwillbeliftedupduetothetrappedairpressureandalsothebuoyantforcefromwater
QUESTION13 MIRROR
13
(a)
(b)
Reflection
(i) Convexmirror
(ii) Haswiderviewofvision
(iii) Virtual
(iv)
(c)
(i) Reflection
(ii) 6m
(iii)
(h) (i)
(iv) Laterallyinverted,virtual,samesize
QUESTION15 SIGHTNESSPROBLEM
15 (a) Myopiaisshortsightnessproblemfacedbypeoplewhocannotseethedistantobjectclearly
Hypermetropiaislongsightnessproblemfacedbypeoplewhocannotseethenearobjectclearly
(b) Refraction
(c) Objectdistance:Diagram15.1>Diagram15.2
Imagedistance:Diagram15.1<Diagram15.2
FarobjectdistanceinDiagram15.1:shortsightnessanduseconcavelens
NearobjectdistanceinDiagram15.2:longsightnessanduseconvexlens
(d)
(ii)
Refractiveindex=realdepth/apparentdepth=1.6/1.2=1.33
QUESTION16 OPTICALFIBRE
16 (a) X:refractionY:totalinternalreflection
(b) Decreaseinthespeedoflight
Thelightrefractedtowardnormal
(c) Thelightrayhitfromdenserairmediumtolessdenseoutercladdingcausingtherayrefratctedawayfrom
normal.
Therayisintotalinternalreflectionasithitsthecriticalangleoftheoutercladding
(d) Note:tomaketheinnercoreoftheopticalfibre.Givereasonsforyourchoice.
Characteristics
Reason
Therefractiveindexmustbesmall
Easiertocausetotalinternalreflection
Lowdensity
Notheavytocarryaround
Mustbepure
Imageformedwillnotbeblurredbyimpurity
Highstrength
Doesnotbreak
Highflexibility
Easytobend
So,glassKischosenbecauseithashighrefractiveindex,lowdensiyy,pure,highstrengthwithhighflexibilityof
glass
17 (a) Characteristics
Reason
Useconvexlensforbothobjectiveandeyepiece
Convergingtherefractedrays
lenses
Usebiggerdiameteroflens
Allowmorerefractionoflightandthusproduces
brighterandclearerimage
Distancebetweentheobjectivelensandeyepieceis
Atnormaladjustment
morethanthesumoffocallengthofbothlenses
Storethemicroscopeatcoolanddryplace
Preventtheactivitiesoffungus
Usebiggerplanemirrorunderneaththeslaid
Toprojectthelighttotheslaidsothattheimage
formedisbrighter
(b) (i) Allowmorerefractionoflightandthusproducesbrighterandclearerimage
(ii) FromPower,P=1/f
Objectivelens:2=1/f
f=0.5m=50cm
Eyepiecelens:20=1/f
f=0.05m=5cm
(iii) Lengthofthetelescope=50cm+5cm=55cm
(c)
Characteristics
Reason
Useconvexlens
Convergingtherefractedray
Focallengthofobjectivelensmustbebig
Toviewdistantobject
Focallengthofeyepiecelensmustbesmall
Producebigimageasbigmagnification
Diameteroflensmustbebig
So,thetelescopeSischosenbecauseitusesconvexlens,hasbigfocallengthofobjectivelens,shortfocallength
ofeyepiecelensandhasbigdiameteroflens
(d)
Characteristics
Reason
Percentageoflighttransmittedmustbehigh
Imagecanbeseenbrighter
Useconvexlens
Convergingtherefractedrays
Useshortfocallength
Objectbeingviewcanbemagnified
Usebigdiameteroflens
So,magnifyinglensJischosenbecauseitspercentageoflighttransmittedishigh,useconvexlens,hasshortfocal
lengthandhasbigdiameteroflens.
(e)
Suggestion
Reason
Usehighpowerofbulb
Toformbrighterandclearerimage
Atfocallengthoftheconcavemirror
Thereflectedrayscanconverge
Usebigcurvatureofmirror
Canreceivemorelight
Slideisputneartotheprojectorlens
Atnormaladjustment
Screenisputfurtherapartfromtheprojectorlens
Tomagnifytheimage
(i) Tomagnifythefirstimageformedbytheobjectivelens
(ii) Real,diminishedandinverted
(iii) Virtual,magnifiedandinverted
(iv) Usebiggerdiameteroflensforboththeobjectiveandeyepiecelens
Characteristics
Reason
Usecopperwire
Haslowresistance
Batteriesareconnectedinseries
Toincreasethepotentialdifference
Useconcavereflector
Thereflectedraycanonverge
Bulbisatprinciplefocus
Toproduceparallelbeams
So,thetorchlightSischosenbecauseitusecopperwire,batteriesareinseries,useconcavereflectorandbulbisat
principlefocus.
QUESTION19CONCEPTOFREFRACTION,CRITICALANGLEANDTOTALINTERNALREFLECTION
19 (a) Isthemaximumincidentanglewheretherefractedrays starttobereflected
(b) Fromn=1/sinC
=1/sin42
=1.49
(b) (i) Therefractedraywillawayfromnormal
(ii) Fromn=sini/sinr
1.49=sinr/sin40
r=73.2
(c) (i) r=90
(ii)
18
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) Totalinternalreflection
20
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Morethan90
QUESTION20 BERNOULLIPRINCIPLE
Bernoullisprinciple
Statesthattheregionwhereexperiencehighairspeedwillhaslowairpressureandviceversa
Aerofoil
1st:Theaeroplanehastobeacceleratedbeforelifting
2nd:Belowthewings,theairspeedislowbutwithhighairpressure
3rd:Abovethewings,theairspeedishighbutwithlowairpressure
4th:Highairpressurebelowthewingswillpushtheaeroplaneup
5th:principleinvolvedistheBernoullisprinciple
Characteristics
Reason
Theshapeofthewingmustbeaerofoil
Reduceairfrictionwhileflying
Areaofwingsmustbebig
Cantrappedmoreairpressure
Densityofwingsmustbesmall
Nottooheavyfortheaeroplanetosupport
Differentofairspeedaboveandbelowthewingsmustbebig
Producemoreairpressure
So,thedesignYischosenbecauseitshapeofwingisaerofoil,areaofwingsisbig,densityofwingsissmalland
differentofairspeedaboveandbelowthewingsisbig
Characteristics
Reason
Shapeofrocketisaerodynamics
Reduceairfrictionwhileflying
1/3ofthevolumeofbottleisfilledwithwater
Increasethemomentumoflaunchingforce
Addwingstotherocket
Therocketwillnotwobblewhileflying
Densityofmaterialtotherocketmustbesmall
Nottooheavyfortherockettosupport
Togetmaximumdistancetravelled
Angleoflaunchingis45
Note:thecarcanrunveryfast
Characteristics
Reason
Shapeisinvertedaerofoil
Reduceairfrictionwhileflyingwithdownwardforcetothecarfromlifting
Noridgesontyre
Increaseforwardforceasnofrictionbetweentyreandspeedingtrack
Enginepowermustbehigh
Producebigaccelerationtotheracingcar
Materialforthebodyofcar
Nottooheavyandnottooeasytocrumple
mustbelightandelastic
So,carSischosenbecauseitsshapeisinvertedaerofoil,noridgeontyre,highenginepowerwiththematerialof
carbodyislightandelastic
QUESTION21 ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
Archimedesprinciplestatesthatwhentheobjectisimmersedpartiallyorwhollyintothefluid,theweight
ofwaterbeingdisplacedisequaltotheweightofobjectbeingimmersed.
(ii) 1st:Atlowaltitude,theairinsidetheballoonishot
2nd:Hotairinballooncreateanupwardforcetotheballoontoriseup
3rd:Whenatcertainaltitude,theairinsideisbeingcooleddown.
4th:Whentheairinsidetheballooniscooled,thereisnomoreupwardforcetolifttheballoonand
therefore,theballoonstopsatcertainaltitude
(b)
Characteristics
Reason
Bigsizewithhighvolumeofballoon Candisplacemoreand andthuscreatesmorebuoyantforce
Usemorenumberofburners
Fasterheatinguptheairinsidetheballoonashotaircreatesupward
force
Usesyntheticnylon
Resistancetoheat
Hightemperatureofairinside
Hotaircreatesmorebuoyantforcetoliftuptheballoon
So,balloonQischosenbecauseitsizeandvolumeofballoonisbig,usemanyburners,madeofsyntheticnylon
andtemperatureofairinsideishigh.
(c) (i) Fromdensity=mass/volume
0.18=massofheliumgas/1.2
Mass=0.216kg
(ii) Buoyantforce,F=pVg
=1.3x1.2x10
=3.6N
(d) (i) Buoyantforceistheupthrustforceactingonobjectwhichcausestheobjecttofloat
(ii) 1st:Tocausethesubmarinetosubmerge,thesubmarinemustgaintheweight
2nd:Thelowervalveoftheballasttankmustbeopenedtoletintheseawater.
3rd:Whentheballasttankisfilledwithwater,thesubmarinebecomesheavyandstarttosink.
4th:Thedepthofsubmarinebeingsubmergeddependsonthevolumeofballasttankbeingfilledwithwater
(iii) Characteristics
Reason
Volumeofballasttankmustbebig
Cantrapmoreairtofloatorcanbefilledwith
morewaterifwanttosubmerge
Numberofairtankmustbemany
Cancreatemorebuoyantforce
Cantoleratemorepressure
Cansinkdeepertowithstandhigherpressure
withoutcrack
Shapeofsubmarinemustbestreamline
Reducewaterfrictionwhilemoving
So,the(2nd)ischosenbecauseithashighvolumeofballasttank,havemoreairtank,cantoleratehigh
pressureandtheshapeofsubmarineisstreamline.
(e) (i) Volumeoftheoildrumimmersed =surfacearexdepthsank
=0.2x0.8
=0.16m3
=1000x0.16x10
=1600N
(iii) FromF=mg
1600=m(10)
m=160kg
(e) (i) Archimedesprinciple
(ii) Theboatdisplacesthewaterandthusgainthesamebuoyantforcetofloattheship
(iii) Equal
(iv) Toensurethemaximumweightloadlimitthatcanbesafelyloadedbytheshipbeforetheshipstartstosink
(v)
Characteristics
Reason
Materialmustbelowrustingrate
Longlastingwithoutrust
//Materialusedmustbehighstrength
Canwithstandwaterpressure
Shapeofboatmustbestreamline
Reducewaterfrictionwhilemoving
Densityofboatmustbelow
Nottoheavybutcanfloat
Useperiscope
Toviewhiddenobject
Installwithlifejacket
Canbeusedbythepassengertofloatonceemergency
21 (a)
(i)
10
22 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
23 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
25 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
QUESTION22 PASCALSPRINCIPLE
Pressurecanbedefinedasforceactingnormallyperunitarea
ComparethepressureactedonpistonQ andR:Same
Comparethecrosssectionalarea:AreaQ<AreaR
Compareforceproduced:ForceatQ<ForceatR
Crosssectionalareaofthepistonsisdirectlyproportionaltotheforceproducedonthepistons
Pascalsprinciple
(i)
Pascalsprinciple
(ii)
Statesthatforenclosedsystem,theappliedforcewillbetransmittedequallytothewholepartinsidethe
system.
(iii) Waterevaporateseasilyathightemperature//Causethesystemtorust
(e)
Biggersurfaceareaproduceshigerforce
(f)
FromF1/A1=F2/A2
50/2=F2/15
F2=375N
Characteristics
Reason
Thespecificheatcapacitymustbehigh
Slowergettinghotandthuscanabsorbmoreheatbefore
gettinghot
Themeltingpointofbrakediscmustbehigh
Canwithstandhightemperaturewithoutgettingmelt
Compressionofbrakefluidmustbehigh
Noappliedforceiswastedtocompressthefluid
Hardnessofbrakepadsmustbehigh
Fastertransmitting pressure
So,thebrakeSischosenbecauseitsspecificheatcapacityishigh,meltingpointofbrakediscishigh,compression
ofbrakefluidishighwithhighhardnessofbrakepads.
Characteristics
Reason
Liquidusedisoil
Willnotcausethebrakingsystemtorust//
Doesnoteasilyevaporatesathightemperature
Ratioofsizepistonmustbehigh
Canmultiplytheinputforce
Distancebetweenpistonmustbenear
Fastertransmittingtheappliedforcetotheslavepiston
Hardnessofhydraulicjackmustbehard
Noappliedforceiswastedtocompressthefluid
So,thehydraulicjackRischosenbecauseitusesoil,ratioofsizeofpistonsisbig,distancebetweenpistonsisnear
andthehardnessofhydraulicjackishigh.
QUESTION23 ELECTRICITYANDOHMSLAW
(i)
Statesthatthepotentialdifferenceacrossanohmicconductorisdirectlyproportionaltothecurrentflows
suchthattheotherphysicalpropertieslikeresistanceandheatarekeptconstant.
(ii)
Adevicewhichuseainputvoltageof240Vandgiveouttheelectricalpowerof80W//
Adevicewhichuseainputvoltageof240Vandgiveouttheelectricalenergyof80Jinonesecond
ComparetheresistanceofmaterialsYandZ:MaterialY>MaterialX
MaterialY.Canconverttheelectricalenergytolightandheatenergyfaster
Note:tomakeaheatingelementofawaterheater
Characteristics
Reason
Crosssectionalareamustbesmall
Fastergettinghotasbigresistance
Meltingpointmustbehigh
Can withstandhightemperaturewithoutgettingmelt
Specificheatcapacitymustbelow
Fastergettinghot
Lengthofwiremustbelong
Highresistanceandthusproducemoreheat
So,theheatingelementLischosenbecauseitscrosssectionalareaissmall,meltingpointishigh,lowspecificheat
capacityandlonglengthofwireisused.
Currentistherateofchargeflow
Adevicewhichuseainputvoltageof6Vandgiveouttheelectricalpowerof24W//
Adevicewhichuseainputvoltageof6Vandgiveouttheelectricalenergyof24Jinonesecond
Comparethereadingoftheammeter:Diagram25.1=Diagram25.2
ComparethebrightnessofthefilamentlampMandN:LampMisbrighterthanlampN
ComparethethicknessofcoiledwireofthefilamentlampsLampM<LampN
Brightnessofthefilamentlampisinverselyproportionaltothethicknessofcoiledwire
Twopinplughasonlytheneutralandlivewirebutthreepinplughasneutral,liveandearthwire.
Threepinplughasearthwiretoearththeunusedcurrentsothatitdoesnotelectrocutetheuser.
Characteristics
Reason
Usenichromematerialtomakeheatingelement
Highresistanceandproduceheateasily
Shapeofheaterincoils
Morelengthcanbeusedandthusreleasemoreheat
Meltingpointofelementmustbehigh
Canwithstandhightemperaturewithoutgettingmelt
Rateofrustingmustbelow
Longlastingwithoutgettingmelt
Thehandleoftheheatingelementmustbeinsulated Doesnotelectrocutetheuser
(i)
(ii)
11

Nichrome.Hashighresistance
FromP=IV
1200=I(240V)
Current,I=5A
(iii) Electricalenergytoheatenergy
(b) Note:tomakeconnectingwire
Characteristics
Reason
Meltingpointmustbehigh
Doesnotmeltathightemperature
Densitymustbelow
Nottooheavytoinstall
Levelofoxidationmustbelow
Longlastingwithoutgettingrust
Lowresistivityvalue
Doesnotdissipatecurrenttoheat
So,theconductorTischosenbecauseitsmeltingpointishigh,lowdensity,lowlevelofoxidationandlow
resistivityvalue
QUESTION26CURRENT,VOLTAGEANDRESISTANCECOMPARISONS
26 (a) (i) Series
(ii) Thecurrentthroughthebattery/Arusyangmengalirmelaluibateri,I =I1=I2=I3

26 (a)
(i)
(ii)
Thetotalpotentialdifferenceacrossbattery/Bezakeupayaanmerentasibateri,V=V1+V2+V3
Theeffectiveresistance/Jumlahrintanganberkesan,R=R1+R2+R3
(b) (i)
Heat,H=mc
=1x4200x(10025)
=315000J
(ii) FromPower=Energy/Time
2000=315000/Time
Time=157.5s=2.625minutes
(iii) Theheatsuppliedbytheimmersionheaterallareabsorbedbythewaterwithoutlosstothesurrounding
(c) Note:lightupthelampslabeled240V,1000Winofficebrightly[So,lowresistance]
Characteristics
Reason
Voltageareconnectedinseries
Increasethepotentialdifferencebetweentwopoints
ofconnection
Lampsareinstalledinparallel
Loweffectiveresistanceandthusbrighter
Installfuseof5A[P=IVand1000=Ix240]
Cutoffthecurrentifthecurrentexceeds5A
Usecopperwire
Haslowresistance
Bigdiameterofconnectingwire
Lowresistanceandlesscurrentdissipatedasheat
(d)
Diagram26.2
Diagram26.3
Totalvoltage
12Vx3=36V
12V
Totaleffectiveresistance
2+2+2=6
5
Totalpower
P=IV=V2/R=I2R
P=IV=V2/R=I2R
=362/6
=122/6
=216W
=24W
QUESTION27 FARADAYSLAWANDLENZSLAW
27 (a) lenzslaw
(b) Statesthatthedirectionofinducedcurrentisalwaysinoppositedirectiontothedirectionwhichproducesit
(c) Diagram27.1/Rajah27.1:Northpole
Diagram27.2/Rajah27.2:Southpole
(d)
(e)
(f)
Diagram27.3/Rajah27.3:Nopole
Inducedcurrent
(i) Increases
(ii) Rateofmagneticfluxbeingcutincreases
(iii) Faradayslaw
Characteristics
Reason
Strengthofmagnetmustbehigh
Producemoremagneticflux
Numberofturnsofcoilmustbehigh
Moremagneticfluxwillbecutbymovingmagnet
Usecopperwire
Goodconductorwithlowresistance
Bigdiameterofwire
Lowresistance
Highspeedofmagnetbarmoving
Ratecutofmagnetincreases
12
QUESTION28 CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNET
28 (a) Regionwhichhasthemagnetduetotheflowofcurrentaroundacoppercoil
(b) Comparethenumberofturnsinsolenoid:Diagram28.1>Diagram28.2
Comparetheamountofcurrentflowing:sameforbothdiagrams
Comparethenumberofpaperclipsattractedtothesolenoid:Diagram28.1>Diagram28.2
Numberofturnsinsolenoidisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofpaperclipsbeingattracted
Numberofturnsofcoilisdirectlyproportionaltothestrengthofthemagnetbeingproduced
(c) 1st:Whentheswitchispressed,thecircuitiscompletedandcurrentstarttoflow
2nd:Thecurrentfromdrycellflowstothesolenoidwillgenerateanmagnetaroundthesolenoid
3rd:Themagnetaroundthesolenoidwillattracttheironarmaturecausingthehammertohitthegong.
Hittingthegongwillberepeatedbeforethesystemdemagnetized.
4th:Thecontactloosenstocutoffthecurrentandthusthesystemdemagnetized.
(d) Note:toproducetheloudestsound
Characteristics
Reason
Sizeofhammermustbebig
Loudersoundcanbeproduced
Distancebetweenhammerandgondisbig
Createmorepotentialenergytothegongandthusconvertto
higherkineticenergytohitthegong
Numberofturnsofatcoreishigh
Producemoremagneticstrength
Curvatureofgongmustbebig
Loudersound
So,theelectricbellQischosenbecauseitssizeofhammerisbig,distancebetweenhammerandgongisfar,has
morenumberofturnsatcoreandbigcurvatureofgong.
QUESTION29CONCEPTOFELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
29 (a) (i) Inducedcurrent
(ii) Electromagneticinduction
(b) (i) Produceofcurrentduetothemovementofmagnetbararoundthesolenoid
(ii) A:NorthpoleB:southpole
(iii) Deflecttoright
(c)
Characteristics
Reason
Hardnessofhairspringislow
Softandsensitivetosmallcurrent
Shapeofpermanentmagnetiscylindrical
Centralizethemagnet
Shapeofcoreiscylindrical
Centralize themagnet
Typeofcoremustbesoftcore
Canbemagnetizedordemagnetizedeasily
Uselinearscale
Easytoreadbydirectobservation
QUESTION30 TRANSISTORASCURRENTAMPLIFIER
30 (a) (i) Transistor
(ii) p:baseq:collectorr:emitter
(iii) Ascurrentamplifier
(b) (i) Microphone/Mikrofon:tochangethesoundenergytoelectricalsignals
(ii) Capacitor/Kapasitor:toblockthesteadycurrentfromflowingintothebaseoftransistor
(iii) ResistorXandY /PerintangXdanY:aspotentialdivider
(iv) Earphone/Fontelinga:toconverttheelectricalsignalstosoundenergy
(c) 1st:Thesoundisreceivedbythemicrophoneandconvertedtoelectricalsignal
2nd:Theelectricalsignalissenttocapacitor
3rd:Thecapacitorblocksthesteadycurrentfromtheelectricalsignalsbutallowsthealternatingcurrent
tothebaseoftransistor.
4th:Thecurrenttotransistorwillbeamplifiedandsenttoearphone
5th:Earphoneconvertstheelectricalsignalsbacktosoundenergy
(d) VoltageacrossresistorX=(3/5)x24V=14.4V
VoltageacrossresistorY=(2/5)x24V=9.6V
(e) RefertoQuestion1(i)
QUESTION31 APPLICATIONOFMIRROR
31 (a) (i) Note:Drawsymmetrylineafterreflection
(ii) Reflection
(iii) CarPcannotseethecomingcarQ
(b) (i) Convexmirror
(ii) Note:drawsymmetrylineafterreflection
(iii) Producewiderviewofvision
(c) (i) Imagebecomessmaller
(ii) Zoomtowiderview
13

32
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
QUESTION32 WAVEOFOSCILLATEDSPRING
BasedontheDiagram32.1/BerdasarkanpadaRajah32.1:
(i)
LabelfromOto0.2
(ii)
Fromxaxistohighestpointofwave
(iii) Timetakentomakeonecompleteoscillation
Decrease
Amplitudedecreaseswithtime
Correctmark:Amplitudedecreasesuntilcalm
(i) Onetypeoflight//onecolouroflight
(ii) Duetotheinterferenceofredlight
(iii) D=3.0m,a=5x104m
Fromdiagram,4x=1.5x102
x=3.75x103
33
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
34 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
35 (a)
(b)
(c)
Wavelength,=ax/D
=(5x104)(3.75x103)/3
=6.25x107m
(iv) Distancebetweentwoconsecutivedarkfringes decreases
Bluelighthasshorterwavelengththanredlight.Shorterwavelength,nearerdistancebetweentwo
consecutivedarkfringes.
QUESTION33SOUNDWAVE
(i)
Longitudinalwave
(ii)
N
(iii) Higherfrequency,shorterwavelength
Fromv=f
330=586x
=0.56m
Refertoteacher
Refertoteacher
QUESTION34MOMENTUM,IMPULSEANDIMPULSIVEFORCE
Istheproductofmassandvelocity
Frommomentum=massxvelocity
=0.080kgx100ms1
=8kgms1
Velocitydecreases
1st:whencatchingafastmovingball,thetimeincontactbetweentheballandhandisshort
2nd:Smallertimeofimpact,biggerforceproduced
(i)
Istherateofchangeofimpulse
(ii)
Impulsiveforce,F=ma=m(vu)/t
=0.15x20/(8.0x102)
=37.5N
(iii) Impulsiveforcewillbereduced.
Becausethetimeofimpactincreases
(iv) Impulseisthechangeofmomentum
QUESTION35APPLICATIONOFTRANSFORMER
Tostepuporstepdowntheinputa.cvoltage
(i) BignumberofturnsofprimarybutlessturnsofsecondarycoilforTransformerX
Canstepdownthehighinputa.cvoltagetolowvaluebeforesuppliedtousers
(ii) Typeofcoreofthetransformermustbelaminatedandsoft
Laminatedastoreduceeddycurrentandmustbesoftsothatitcanbemagnetizedordemagnetizedeasily
(iii) Materialoftransmissionwireisaluminium
Lowcostwithlowrustingrate
(iv) ElectrictransmissionmodelR
(i) Inputpower,P=IV=0.1x240=24W
Outputpower=2.0x9=18W
Efficiency=(outputpower/inputpower)x100%
=(18/24)x100%
=75%
(ii) Powerloss=24W18W=6W
14
QUESTION36PRESSUREINLIQUID
36 (a) Pressureistheforceactingnormallyperunitarea
(b) Densityofliquid
(c) PressureatX=hpg
=10x1000x10
=1.0x105Pa
(d) Becausethewatertankofbuildingishigherthanthewatertanksource
(e) (i) Installbigwatertankattheroofofthetallbuilding
(ii) Usemotortopumpthewaterout//increasetheheightofmainwatertanksource
(f) Buildonewatertankatthetopofthetallbuildings
Sothatthepressureofwatercanbeincreasedbeforesuppliedtothetenantsinsidethebuilding
(g) Pressureofthegassupply=76+unbalance
=76+155
=86cmHg
QUESTION37CONCEPTOFDENSITYANDARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLE
37 (a) (i) Archimedesprinciple
(ii) Markup:buoyantforce
Markdown:weightofhydrometer
Thehydrometerisremovedfromwater,driedandthenplacedinoil.
Hidrometeritudikeluarkandariair,dikeringkandandimasukkankedalamminyak.
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
Lengthofthehydrometerthatissubmergedinoil increases
Oilhaslowerdensitythanwater
Buoyantforce=0.25N0.22N
=0.03N
0.03=1000xVx10
V=3.0x106m
(d) (i) F=buoyantforce//upthrust
W=weight
(ii) Equal
(iii) F=mg=200x10=2000N
15

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NAME:.

Nametheforceactingonthespringwhenitisbeing [2 marks /markah]

372 290 216

Radioactive(Countsperminute)/Radioaktif(bilangperminute) 4000 2000

(d) Diagram5.2showsanuclideThorium234, 234Th isplacedinacontainer.Thorium234nuclidedecaystoanuclide

(iii) Basedontheanswersin6(a)(i)and6(a)(ii),comparethedecayratesofradioactivesubstanceX andY.Hence

(iii) ObserveDiagram 8.1and8.2,comparethedistancebetweentwosources,wavelengthofthepropagating

(a) (i) StatethemeaningofBoyleslaw.[1mark/markah]

(b) TheimageformedinDiagram14.1isuprightandvirtual.Stateone othercharacteristicsoftheimage.

(b) Namethelightphenomenoninvolvedinbothdiagrams. [1mark/markah]

(iii) Calculatethelengthofthetelescope.[2marks /markah]

(b) InDiagram19.1,theincidentangleis40 whichissmallerthanthecriticalangle.

(iii) Nametheshapeofthecrosssectionaloftheaeroplanewing.[1mark /markah]

Different of air speed above and below

(d) Diagram20.4showsfourracingcars,P,Q,R andS,withdifferentspecifications.

(ii) Thebuoyantforceactingontheoildrum /Dayaapunganbertindakpadadrumminyak.[2marks/markah]

(iii) Themassoftheoildrum/Jisimdrumminyakitu.[1mark /markah]

QUESTION25 ELECTRICITY ANDHEATINGELEMENT

QUESTION26 ELECTRICITY ANDHEATINGELEMENT

Sebuahcerekelektrikberkadar 240V,2kWdigunakanuntuk memanaskan1kgairdaripada 25Cke100C. Muatanhaba

(d) Youaregiventhreeidenticalvoltagesupplierswitheach12V,threeidenticalresistorswitheach2 andthree

(d) AnelectricbellinDiagram28.3ismodifiedinorder toproducealoudersound.

StatethepolarityofendAandendB ofthesolenoid. [2marks/markah]

(d) GiventheresistanceofresistorXandY are3kand2krespectively.CalculatethevoltageacrossresistorX and

NumberofturnsofprimaryandsecondarycoilforTransformerX.[2 marks /markah]

Typeofcoreofthetransformer/Jenisterastransformer. [2 marks /markah]

(iii) Materialoftransmissionwire/Bahanbagikabelpenghantaran.[2 marks /markah]

(iv) Basedonyouranswersin35(b)(i),(b)(ii)and(b)(iii),determinethemost electrictransmissionmodel. [1mark]

Calculatetheefficiencyofthetransformer. [2 marks /markah]

Whatisthepowerlossinthetransformer? [2 marks /markah]

(d) Tenantsonthefifthflooroftheapartmentblockareunabletoobtaintap water.Why?[1mark/markah]

Predictthelengthofthehydrometerthatissubmergedinoil,compared tothelengthinwater. [1mark]

(ii) Determinethevolumeoftheobject /Tentukanisipaduobjekitu. [2marks/markah]

(d) Diagram37.3showsawoodensampanofmass200kgwithavolumeof2m3 floatingatsea.

(iv) Byra o:3.6N4cm

(ii) Sothatthewavelengthofthewaveisconstant atanywhere

(iii) NamethewavesofP,Q,R,S,TandU. [7marks/markah]

(b) (i) Allowmorerefractionoflightandthusproducesbrighterandclearerimage

(b) (i) Therefractedraywillawayfromnormal

(c) (i) r=90

QUESTION26 ELECTRICITY ANDHEATINGELEMENT

(ii) Thecurrentthroughthebattery/Arusyangmengalirmelaluibateri,I =I1=I2=I3

(b) (i) Produceofcurrentduetothemovementofmagnetbararoundthesolenoid

(b) (i) Microphone/Mikrofon:tochangethesoundenergytoelectricalsignals

(iii) ResistorXandY /PerintangXdanY:aspotentialdivider

(b) (i) Convexmirror

(c) (i) Imagebecomessmaller

(e) (i) Installbigwatertankattheroofofthetallbuilding

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