Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Foundations on Rock
Duncan C. Wyllie
Duncan C. Wyllie
Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers
Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers
ASCE
ASCE
Rock Mechanics Short Course
Rock Mechanics Short Course
Seattle, WA
Seattle, WA
January 12, 2007 January 12, 2007
Agenda
Agenda
1.
1.
Bearing capacity
Bearing capacity
allowable
allowable
bearing pressure
bearing pressure
2.
2.
Settlement
Settlement
layered formations
layered formations
3.
3.
Stability
Stability
foundations of bridges
foundations of bridges
and dams subject to tensile and/or
and dams subject to tensile and/or
inclined loads
inclined loads
Worked examples:
Worked examples:
-
-
settlement
settlement
-
-
stability
stability
Rock Foundation Characteristics
Rock Foundation Characteristics
Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
allowable
allowable
bearing pressure
bearing pressure
2.
2.
Settlement
Settlement
layered formations
layered formations
3.
3.
Stability
Stability
foundations of bridges
foundations of bridges
and dams subject to tensile and/or
and dams subject to tensile and/or
inclined loads
inclined loads
2. Settlement of Foundations
2. Settlement of Foundations
Microsoft
Equation 3.0
Spread footing bearing
Spread footing bearing
on very weak, massive
on very weak, massive
claystone
claystone
Allowable Bearing Capacity
Allowable Bearing Capacity
2
Settlement of
Settlement of
Foundations on
Foundations on
Layered Rock
Layered Rock
Flow contacts in basalt
Flow contacts in basalt
form low
form low
strength/compressible
strength/compressible
seams
seams
Worked Example 1
Worked Example 1
Settlement of foundation on
homogeneous or layered rock
B
1
,
1
Q
2
,
2
1
,
1
H
1
H
2
Rock mass
properties
Calculate settlement of footing with width
B and load Q bearing on homogeneous
rock, and layered rock.
Modulus of deformation
Modulus of deformation
Rock mass rating, RMR:
Intact rock strength
RQD
Joint spacing
Condition of joints
Ground water
Joint orientation
Settlement calculations
Settlement calculations
shape
shape
factors,
factors,
C
C
d d
v
= C
d
q B(1
2
)/E
Agenda
Agenda
1.
1.
Bearing capacity
Bearing capacity
allowable
allowable
bearing pressure
bearing pressure
2.
2.
Settlement
Settlement
layered formations
layered formations
3.
3.
Stability
Stability
foundations of bridges
foundations of bridges
and dams subject to tensile and/or
and dams subject to tensile and/or
inclined loads
inclined loads
3. Foundation Stability
3. Foundation Stability
a) a)
Steel arch bridge
Steel arch bridge
wedge
wedge
sliding
sliding
d) d)
Cantilevered bridge
Cantilevered bridge
compression, tension
compression, tension
foundations
foundations
e) e)
Single span bridge
Single span bridge
sheet joints
sheet joints
g) g)
Cableway tail tower
Cableway tail tower
cableway
cableway
tail tower foundation
tail tower foundation
Cableway tail tower on
Cableway tail tower on
arc bench above left
arc bench above left
abutment
abutment
Tail tower arrangement showing external load on
foundation, geologic structure and backfill surcharge
Foliation planes in foundation
contain dense silt infilling
h) Spillway Foundation
h) Spillway Foundation
Wedges formed by
foliation dipping
downstream
Spillway
Spillway
-
-
dynamic load
dynamic load
condition with gate open
condition with gate open
Spillway foundation containing foliation planes
dipping downstream. Foundation treatment
comprises grout curtain, drain holes and tensioned
rock bolts
Foundation Stabilization
Foundation Stabilization
Tensioning rock bolts, with dial gauge to measure elongation
Worked Example 2
Worked Example 2
Stability of foundation supporting
inclined loads
Resolution of forces to determine normal, N and
shear, S components of forces on potential
sliding surface
) forces _ sliding (
) forces _ resisting (
FS
=
) S , forces . driving (
) tan N , forces . resisting (
FS
=
Forces acting on foundation containing planar
Forces acting on foundation containing planar
discontinuity dipping out of face
discontinuity dipping out of face
A
(
-
)
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
(
+
)
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
Q
2
Q
1
Q2
Q1
N
U
= sin(
U
p
)
S
U
= cos(
U
p
)
U
u
Calculate factor of safety against sliding of
foundation block, and direction of sliding,
up-slope or down-slope
Relationship between
friction angle and
cohesion based on back
analysis of rock slopes
The end
The end