SLArrhenius acid a substance that dissociates when in an aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions and a cation Arrhenius base

e a substance that reacts with and neutralizes an acid to form water (contains a hydroxide ion) Brnsted -Lowry acid a hydrogen ion donor Brnsted -Lowry base a hydrogen ion receiver Lewis acid a species that will accept a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond Lewis base a species that will donate a lone pair of electrons Conjugate acid the species produced when a base gains one hydrogen ion Conjugate base the species produced when an acid loses one hydrogen ion Hydronium ion H3O+ ion Alkali soluble bases Amphiprotic species that can act like an acid or a base, for example, water Monoprotic acid/bases that only lose/gain one proton or hydrogen ion Diprotic acid/base that gains/looses two protons/hydrogen ions Polyprotic - acid/base that gains/looses more than one proton/hydrogen ion Dative bond a covalent bond where by both the electrons come from one species (in topic 8 from the base) Strong acid/base an acid/base that almost completely dissociates in a dilute aqueous solution Weak acid/base - an acid/base that partially/slightly dissociates in a dilute aqueous solution Concentrated acid/base an acid/base that has a high molarity/number of moles per unit volume Dilute acid/base - an acid/base that has a low molarity/number of moles per unit volume Electrolyte the term electrolyte means forming ions in aqueous solution allowing it to conduct electricity. The term strong electrolyte refers to a substance that is completely converted to ions in aqueous solution (such as salts, strong acids and strong bases) whilst weak electrolyte refers to those only partially converted to ions (such as weak acids and bases). pH a measure of acidity of a solution Logarithmic scale one where a change of 1 represents a change of 10 every change is ten to that change

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Kw - the dissociation constant (or ionic product constant) of water Kw = [H ][OH ] Ka - acid dissociation constant (Ka), is a measure of the strength of the acid the greater its value the stronger the acid. Kb - the base dissociation constant. pKa - pKa = log Ka Buffer - solutions which resist a change of pH when a small amount of a strong acid or a strong base is added to them Salt - A salt is an ionic compound comprised of cations (for example Na+) from a base and anions (for example Cl) from an acid, which are completely dissociated into ions in aqueous solution. Hydrolysis the splitting up of an ionic compound in an aqueous solution to form two ions. The solution can then either be acidic or basic. Titration an experiment where a know concentration of an acid/base is added to an acid or base with an unknown conc/volume to determine the unknown. Titre the substance which is being added Titrant the substance that has the unknown property and is in the beaker/flask at the bottom Equivalence point place in a titration where the volume of acid = volume of base End point the point where the titration is complete, all the acid/base has been added Buffer region region in a titration where there are significant concentrations of both the weak acid/base and its conjugate salt. It acts as a buffer Indicator a solution which changes colour with a changing pH thus enabling us to determine a change in pH. It is a weak acid/ weak base