Nuevas Tecnologas de Mejoramiento de la Produccin

High-Rate Fracturing Open Hole (Bridging Agent Diversion)

Pinpoint Stimulation

Horizontal Well Stimulation

Loyd East Product Manager Pinpoint Stimulation

Agenda
Horizontal Well Fracturing Processes Processes for Open Hole Horizontals Processes for Uncemented Liners Processes for Cemented Liners

Openhole or Slotted Liner Completions

SurgiFrac Acid Fracs Proppant Fracs Skin Fracs Dynamic Diversion HWO or CT

SurgiFrac

SurgiFrac Service

Barnett Shale Horizontal - Map View

200

All Stages SurgiFrac SPE 91435

South-North (ft)

0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 -2000 -2200 -2400
0 200 400 600 -200 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

stage1 stage2 stage3 stage4 stage5 stage6 stage7 stage8 stage9 stage10 stage11 stage12 stage13 stage14 stage15 stage16 stage17 stage18 stage19 stage20

2200

West-East (ft)

2400

SurgiFrac Benefits
No Packers or mechanical operations Does not require Monobore Completion Can perforate through Casing (Hydrajetting) Quick (20 fracs in two days) Compatible with Large OD CT or HWO Place fracs at targets

SPE 93494 - OMAN

The Dynamic Diversion stimulation technique appears to be more effective than either gelled acid or Emulsified Acid based on the higher negative skins and ability to generate production profiles with a more uniform distribution. Based on this, it is recommended for all future treatments on hydrostatically pressured wells in the Harweel Cluster.

SurgiFrac to Overcome Wellbore Damage and Connect to Vertical Pay

1,400 ft Horizontal Lateral Production Fell from 6,000 bopd to 500 bopd over 100 days of initial production Produced at 500 bopd for two years, PI 1.15 bbl/psi Frac Design Considerations
Frac Past Wellbore Damage 8 Small Fractures Connect Vertical Layers 2 Large Fractures

Bottomhole Temperature and Pressure Gauges to confirm Dynamic Isolation of Fracture Treatments Coiled Tubing Treatment String

IPTC 11468

Hanifa HJAF Completion

6000

5000

Water BWPD Oil Rate BOPD WHP psi Gas MSCPD

18000

16000

14000

4000

12000

10000

3000
8000

2000

Oil Rate, bopd

6000

4000

1000
2000

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

0 1000

Days of Production

Comparative Productivity Index

15 10 5 0

10.4

1.15
PI Before Surgifrac PIAfter After Surgifrac PI Before HJAF PI HJAF

Results Summary
SurgiFrac increases the well productivity in more than 600%. Oil production rate increased from 500 BOPD to 3,000 BOPD using the same choke size for comparison purposes. Permanent Gauge Information showed that the Productivity Index PI from the well increased from 1.15 to 10.4 as a result of the SurgiFrac process. SurgiFrac process permits the outstanding selective stimulation of the horizontal well in 10 points without showing stress interference. The well produces 5,400 BOPD with 80/64 choke size

Offshore SurgiFrac

SurgiFrac Brazil New Deepwater Well

Recently completed the first treatment on a deepwater well for Petrobras in the Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. Petrobras comments: A global first - a stimulation job using the SurgiFrac technique has just been completed from a floating unit. This technique allowed for multiple fractures in a subsea, uncemented horizontal wellbore. The application of this technology is expected to increase the Recovery Factor of oil from the carbonates in the Campos Basin . It can now be considered that this technology is now available for application in whichever working environment land, fixed platform and subsea.
General Engineering Manager

SPE 90056

Delta Stim Completion Service

Delta Stim sleeves Swellpacker Isolation Systems Acid Soluble Cement VersaFlex Liner Hanger System

Delta Stim Completion Service

Delta Stim Sleeves and SwellpackerTM systems:
VersaFlex Delta Stim Sleeves Ball Activated System Swellpacker Systems Hydraulic Delta Stim Sleeve Standard Float Equipment

Delta Stim Completion Service

Pneumatic Ball Dropper

 Sleeve Mechanical Shift Delta Stim

 Sleeve Close and Open MS Delta Stim

SwellpackerTM Isolation System

SwellpackerTM Isolation System

Forms part of completion string Does not require service tools Swells to fill washouts

Standard oilfield tubular

Rubber bonded to pipe

End rings

Estimated/Correlated P
4.5
750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2 10.4 10.6 4.5inx8.15inx9m Sw ellpacker 5.5inx8.15inx9m Sw ellpacker 6.625inx8.15inx9m Sw ellpacker 7inx8.15inx9m Sw ellpacker 10875 10150 9425 8700 7975 7250 6525 5800 5075 4350 3625 2900 2175 1450 725 0 10.8

Differential pressure [bar]

Differential pressure [psi]

5.5

6.625

Hole ID [in]

8.15

The Swellpacker Lite Tool

Swelling Element 20 mm or greater thickness

Element Length 1 meter (3.3 ft) Full Internal & external seal

1,000 psi rated Standard API casing sizes Custom sizes available Installed at wellsite or pipe yard

End Rings aids deployment elastomer support

SwellpackerTM Lite tool Slip on design

 VersaFlex

Expandable Liner Hanger

VersaFlex Liner Hanger System

No moving parts Eliminates pre-set risk Reduction in leak paths Superior annular seal Simplified design Simplified procedures

Advantages of Expandable Liner Hangers

Simplicity Single redundant sealing area Robust gas tight seal No slips no setting issues No tortuous fluid flow paths No pre-set risk No place for well debris No tool release issues Sets in any casing hardness Will not damage parent casing Improved cementing jobs Rotation and reciprocation No liner top squeeze No liner shoe squeeze
VersaFlex Liner Hanger Conventional Liner Hanger

Interventionless Delta Stim Completion System

 Completion Tracer Log after using Delta Stim System 4-1/2 Delta Stim Completion utilizing Delta Stim Lites & Swellpacker Lites

Horizontal Well Frac through 2.56 Baffle @ 5733 ft Upper Swellpacker @ 5561 ft Lower Swellpacker @ 5875 ft 253,053 lbs of 40/70 premium white sand Avg pump rate 92 bpm Avg pressure 6,650 psi Tracer Sc-46 Zero Wash

Delta Stim Completion Service

Number
69 20 89 23 63 3 89 19 45 23 129 311

Delta Stim Job Statistics

4-1/2 5-1/2 Total Jobs Attempted Cement Jobs Swellpacker Jobs Wizard Jobs Total Jobs Attempted Versaflex Jobs HA DSS MS DSS BD DSS DS Lite

508

Total Sleeves Run to Date

Cased/Cemented Completions

Conductivity with Flow Convergence

50 ft Perfs 0.5 ft Perfs

100 ft Frac Fcd = 10 Two Cases: -No Damage -6 ft NW (Fcd = 1)

100 ft Frac Fcd = 10 Three Cases: -No Damage -6 ft NW (Fcd = 1) -6 ft NW (Fcd = 500)

Conductivity with Flow Convergence

Cumulative Production
0.5 ft Perfs 50 ft Perfs 0.5 ft Perfs Packed Time, Days 0 -600000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0.5 ft Perfs Damaged 50 ft Perfs Damaged

-500000

-400000 Cum Oil, BBls

-300000

-200000

-100000

CobraMax H

CobraMax V

CobraMax Wellhead

CobraMax BHA
Coiled Tubing Connector Sheer Disconnect Centralizer Jet Body 3/16 Jets Ball Cage Ceramic Ball Lower Ball Sub Mule Shoe Collar

Fracturing Rates
Maximum Annulus Frac Rates for 1-3/4 Coil 3-1/2 Casing 4-1/2 Casing 5-1/2 Casing 7 Casing 11 bpm 25 bpm 36 bpm 55 bpm

Note Requires a Dual Flow Cross at injection point on surface 20 ft/sec Max Velocity from Inlets to prevent erosion of coil

Case History #1 South Texas

Perdido Sand 10,680- 11,917 (MD) 10,550- 10,630 (TVD) 6 Distinct Frac Targets 35# Sirroco Frac System 30 bpm 1,080,500 lbs 20/40 Ceramic Plus Proppant 504,500 lbs 20/40 RC Ceramic Plus Proppant 3-1/2 Liner Unperforated 1-3/4 Coiled Tubing

Case History #1 Results

Hydra-Jet Perforating

Hydra-Jetting Perforations
Eroded Perf Tunnels Reduced Near-Wellbore Fracture Entry Issues High Concentration of Proppant at the Perforations Reduced Proppant Flowback

Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel

Jet Stream Divergence and Full Returns

10

Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel with Induced Fracture

6 ft

Summary
Openhole Horizontals SurgiFrac Sliding Sleeve Completion DeltaStim Sleeves and Swell Packers Cased/Cemented Horizontals CobraMax H Moderate to High Perm Reservoirs require Highest Near-Wellbore Conductivity possible Low Risk, Aggressive Proppant Treatments made efficient with Coiled Tubing methods Hydra-jet Perforating can stimulate passed damage while perforating in high perm rock

Fracture Placement Options

Hydra-Jet Perforating (HP) Dynamic Diversion Hydra-jet Assisted Fracturing (HJAF) Swell Packer Diversion Proppant Plug Diversion (HP) + Annular Fracturing Ball Activated Sliding Sleeves Mechanical Shifted Sleeves

Ball Drop Delta Stim Sleeve

Delta Stim Lite Sleeve

Flexibility
Force

A new approach to materials

40

Force

30

Rubber swells in hydrocarbons Activates in oil but not pure water Creates effective seal in open hole Swell time adaptable to suit environment

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50

Time (days)

Estimated/Correlated P
Manufactured to any pipe diameter Slimmer pipe means thicker rubber More rubber means greater swelling, for higher differential pressure Longer packer length increases differential pressure capability Swells to seal irregular